法律英语课文翻译
P21第一段的“procedure”：this is a proceeding upon writ of a death benefit award by the Industrial Accident Commission in favor of the widow and three minor children of Karl Lund, deceased. petitioner State Employees' Retirement System seeks an annulment of the award, on the grounds that respondent Commission had acted without and in excess of its power and that the evidence was insufficient to justify the fingdings of fact.
这是一个死亡令状效益赔偿，有关工业事故委员会赞同对寡妇和已故的卡尔隆德的三个未成年的孩子进行赔偿。申请人，国家雇员退休系统，旨在废除该赔偿为由，答辩委员会擅自行动，且超过其权力行使权力，其证明的事实证据不足。
P22 倒数第一段：on the contrary, we are required to indulge all reasonable inferences which may be drawn legitimately from the facts in order to support the findings of the Commission ,and in doing so all that is required is reasonable probability; not absolute certainty.
反之，我们需要放纵所有合理的推断，可能是合法的事实来支持委员会的调查结果，如此一来，这样做所需的一切就是合理的可能性，而非绝对的确定性。P23 第一段neither may the award be annulled because there are two conclusions which fairly may be drawn from the evidence, both of which are reasonable ,the one sustaining and other opposing the right to compensation.
裁定是不可撤销的，因为有两个结论是从证据中公正地得出的，这两者都是合理的，一个是支持，并且另外一个是反对赔偿的权利。
P23 app 1：that Lund, as a fish and game warden, had no regular or fixed hours of employment ;that frequently he did patrol duty at night for the purpose of intercepting violators of the fish and game laws.隆德，是鱼类和游戏管理员，没有正规的或固定的工作时间，他经常夜间值班巡逻，拦截违反渔猎法的行为。
App2 ：as to the place of his death, the evidence shows that he had stationed himself in a territory which was under surveillance for the illegal spotlight killing of deer.在他死的地方，
有证据表明，他曾驻扎在被监视的非法捕杀鹿的聚光灯的区域里。
App3 ：while on such duty he was not only permitted to, but it was contemplated that he could convert the car into a bed(for it was so equipped,) and that he might retire thereon or sleep. there was no rule that forbade his having company while on duty.而对这种责任，他不仅是被允许的，而且我们看到他可以将其转换成汽车床（因为它是如此装备，）这样他可以就寝。他的公司没有任何规则禁止在值班时找伙伴陪同。
P23 最后一段第一句：from this and other facts and circumstances in the record ,we cannot say there was not substantial evidence to support the findings of the Commission ,or that the findings were irrational.从这个地方和其他的事实和情况的记录来看，我们不能说这里没有实质性的证据支持委员会的调查结果，或者说结果是不合理的。
P25 第一段的procedure：this is an appeal from a decision of the district court dismissing a writ of habeas corpus suspending relator's
deportation . relator concedes that he illegally entered the united states in 1945 without an immigration visa and hence is deportable.这是一个关于区法院决定驳回暂停申请者驱逐出境的人身保护令的上诉。叙述者承认他于1945年没有移民签证非法进入美国以及他因此应该被驱逐出境。
P26 第二段第一句的rule：relator, not the Immigration Service, has the burden of proof on the issue of his good moral character.是叙述者，而不是移民规划局，对他的良好的道德品格负有举证责任。
P26还是第二段，issue：whether or not to allow a deportable alien to leave the country voluntarily is committed to the discretion of the attorney general and his subordinates。是否允许一个被驱逐的外国人自愿承诺离开该国，取决于司法部长和他的下属的自由裁量权。
P26 第三段第一句：there is no doubt of the difficulties both for the administrative agency and for the courts in the determination of questions of the kind, depending on nuances of impressions as to human behavior.毫无疑问，最困难的是在认定问题时依据行政机构还是法院，这些要依据人类行为的细微差别。
P26倒数第一段：actually the record indicates that avoidance of embarrassment was probably a stronger factor in her refusal than fear of self-incrimination.实际上，记录表明，避免尴尬，可能是比拒绝自证其罪的恐惧感来得更强大的一个因素。
38 p2The Court of Appeals erred in holding that an agreement among competitors to fix maximum resale prices of their products does not violate the Sherman Act.
上诉法院错误地认为竞争者之间确定产品的最高转售价格的协议不违反垄断法。
38 第二段倒数第三行：Under the Sherman Act a combination formed for the purpose and with the effect of raising, depressing, fixing, pegging, or stabilizing the price of a commodity in interstate or foreign commerce is illegal per se.
在反垄断法中，一个为了在洲际或国际贸易中起到提高、压制、制定、限制或平衡商品的价格的影响的，这本身是不合法的。
38p3 The Court of Appeals also erred in holding the evidence insufficient to support a finding by the jury that respondents had conspired to fix maximum resale prices.
上诉法院错在认为支持陪审团认为被告有阴谋地制定最高转售额的证据是不充分的。
39 第三段第一句
Respondents also seek to support the judgment of reversal on other grounds not passed on by the Court of Appeals but which have been argued here both orally and in the briefs.
被告还请求法院撤销判决，基于其他没有被上诉法院通过但是在本院进行口头辩论并总结的原因。
39 第三段第四行
Respondents introduced evidence in the district court designed to show that petitioner had agreed with other Indiana wholesalers to set minimum prices for the sale of liquor in violation of the antitrust laws.
被告在基层法院举证时试图说明，原告为了销售含酒精饮料和其他印第安纳零售商达成设定最低销售额的协议的行为违反了反托拉斯法。
39 第三段第六行
it is now contended that the trial court erred in charging the jury that petitioner's part in such a conspiracy, even if proved, was no defense to the present cause of action。
现在值得肯定的是原审法院的误导了陪审团关于申请人有这样一个阴谋，但即便如此，也不能阻碍当前行为构成。
39 第三段第八行
We hold that the instruction was correct. Seagram and Calvert acting individually perhapse might have refused to deal with petitioner。
我们认为指令是正确的，Seagram和calvert 各自的行为可能会拒绝和原告的交易。
39p4Respindents next suggest that their status as mere instrumentalities of a single manufacturing—merchandising unit’ makes it impossible for them to have conspired in a manner forbidden by the Sherman Act.But this suggestion runs counter to our past decisions that common ownership and control does not liberate sorporations from the impact of the antitrust laws…..The rule is especially applicable where, as here,respondents hold themselves out as competitors.
被告接着指出，他们作为一个纯粹的单独制造经营的单元，这种地位令他们的行为不可能是违法反垄断法。但是，这种观点与我们原来的判决相反，原来认为共同的所有权和支配权不能使公司逃避反托拉斯法的调整。这条法律尤其适用像这里所说的被告把自己作为竞争者的情况。
76P1 This is an appeal from an order of the Municipal Court of Minneapolis denying the motion of the defendant for amended findings of fact,or ,in the alternative,for a new trial.The order for judfment awarded the plaintiff the sum of 138.5 as damages for breach of contract.
这是一个关于明尼阿波利斯市法院拒绝被告关于修正所发现的事实的提议的上诉，或者，作为替代，它是一个新的审判。原告的诉讼请求是请求被告支付违约金138.5美元。
76倒2L3how much less being speculative especially in view of the price for which they were offered for sale.
投机的多少，特别针对于他们提供销售的价格来看。
77P3There are numerous authorities which hold that a particular advertisement in a newspaper or circular letter relating to a sale of articles may be construed by the court as constituting an offer,acceptance of which would complete a contract.
有许多权威人士认为把特定的广告登在报纸上或通知在有关出售物品的文章上是可以由法院解释说明其构成要约，承诺即构成完整的合同。
95P5 person is tuilty of escape in the second degree when…Having been arrested for ,charged with or convicted of a class C,classD or class E felony,he escapes from custody.
他被判二级脱逃罪，因犯c级，d级，e级重罪被捕，逃离监管。
95P5倒4Defendant argues that in order to be convicted of the crime of escape under Penal Law 205.10(2),he would have had to make it past the hospital exit doors.Anything short of leaving the
escape.
被告争论说为了被判刑法205.10的脱逃罪，他必须逃出医院的出口大门，而被告只是纯碎的试图脱逃。
96P2L2Hence, once the People show that a defendant broke free or got away from the restraint or control of the officer,as defendant did here by physically removing restraints to free himself from the controls imposed and running away,sufficient evidence exists to support the crime of escape.
因此，一旦人们指出被告脱逃并远离了公务员的约束和控制，被告解除身体的限制，逃离控制，这些充足的证据足以成立脱逃罪。
96P2L8here it was he point when defendant was no longer under the control of the officer and had removed himsele from her custody without authorization—when she had to give chase,placing herself and the public at rick—that the elements of Penal Law 205.10(2)were sufficiently met.
现在有一关键是当被告不在受控于公务员时，他在未经许可的情况下逃离了公务员的监管，此时公务员不得不追赶，使她和社会公众处在危险中，这充分见证了刑法205.10规定的要素。
P4L4Their claim was rejected by the district court,which granted the secretary’s motion for summary judgment,and the court of appeals for the sixth circuit affirmed. 他们的请求被区法院驳回，并准予秘书长及时审判的请求，而且第六巡回上诉法院维持了判决。After oral argument,this court granted a stay that halted construction and,treating the application for the stay as a petition for certiorari,granted review.经过口头的辩论，本法院同意暂停施工，把申请暂停的请求作为司法审查的上诉状，准予司法审查。400 U.S.939. We now reverse the judgment below and remand for
further proceedings in the district court..我们现在撤销原判决，并要求区法院进一步进行诉讼。120P2Although the route through the park was approved by the Bureau of Public Roads in 1956 and by the Federal Highway Administrator in 1966,虽然1956年Bureau公路管理局道路和1966年联邦铁路行政机构均批准从公园通过，the enactment of §4 of the Department of Transportation Act prevented distribution of federal funds for the section of the highway designated to go through Overton Park until the Secretary of Transportation determined whether the requirements of §4 had been met..交通部制定的行动计划§4阻止为公路通过欧弗顿公园分配联邦资金，直到交通部部长确定§4计划是否得到了实现。
120P3 Petitioners conte nd that the Secretary’s action is invalid without such formal findings,and that the Secretary did not make an independent determination,but merely relied on the judgment of Memphis City Council.
120P4 Respondents argue the it was unnecessary for the Secretary to make formal findings,and that he did, in fact ,exercise his own independent judgment ,which was supported by the facts.被告辩称秘书长进行正式调查是不必要的，实际上他也没有这么做，他进行了独立的审查,这是事实证据的支持.In the district court ,respondents introduced affidavits,prepared specifically for the litigation,which indicated that the Aecretary had made the decision and that the decision was supportable.在区法院审理阶段，被告为了诉讼介绍了已准备好的详细书面证言。
121P2We agree that formal findings were not required.But we do not believe that，in this case，judicial review based solely on litigation affidavits was adequate.我们认同正式调查是不必须的。但是我们相信这个案子的司法审查仅仅基于诉讼中单纯的书面证言是不充分的。
121P3 A threshold question—whether petitioners are entitled to any judicial review---is easily answered.一个首要的问题是——原告是否被授予任何司法审查的权利——这是很容易回答的。Section 701 of the Administrative Pro cedure Act,5 U.S.C. §701,provides the the action of “each authority of the Government of the United States,”行政诉讼法的701章5 U.S.C. §701授予“美国每个政府权力部门”实施行动的自由which includes the Department of Transortation ,is subject to judicial review except where there is a statutory prohibition on review or where “agency action is committed to agency discretion by law.”这包括交通部门，收到司法审查的制约，除非有立法禁止审查的规定或者机构行动在于法律授予机构的自由裁量权的范围之内。In this case ,there is no indication that Congress sought to prohibit judicial review,and there is most certainly no “showing of clear and convincing evidence of a…legislative intent”to restrict access to judicial review.这个案子里，目前没有迹象表明美国国会试图禁止司法审查，而且肯定没有“明确和令人信服的证据……立法意图”去限制进行司法审查。
121P4Similarly,the Secretary’s decision here does not fall within the exception for action ” committed to agency discretion.” This is a ve ry narrow exception.相同地，这里秘书长的决定不属于例外行为”这是一个范围非常狭窄的例外。
121P5L4 requires the use of any public park land unless(1)there is no feasible and prudent alternative to the use of such land,and(2)such program includes all possible planning to minimize harm to such park.This language is a plain and explicit bar to the use of federal funds for construction of highways through parks—only the most unusual situations are exempted.需要使用任何公园的土地，除非（1）没有可行的、慎重的替代性的可利用土地，而且（2）这样的程序包括所有可能的计划，尽量减少对公园的损害。这句话清楚并明确的限制用联邦资金来建设穿越公园的公用道路——除非一些极具特殊的情形出现。
121P6Despite the clarity of the statutory language,respondents argue that the Secretary has wide discretion. 尽管有明确的法定条款规定，被告认为，秘书长有广泛的自由裁量权。They recognize that the requirement that there be no “feasible”alternative route admits of little administrative discretion他们认识到需要在没有“可行的”替代路线的情况下才承认较小的行
政自由裁量权……Respondents argue ,however ,that the requirement that there be no other”prudent”route requires th e Secretary to engage in a wide—ranging balancing of competing interests.然而，被告认为，这一要求没有其他“考虑周全”的路线，需要秘书长参与到广泛的利益平衡竞争中。They contend that the Secretary should weigh the detriment resulting from the destruction of park land against the cost of other routes, safety considerations,and other factors,and determine on the basis of the importance that he attaches to there other factors whether, onbalance, alternative feasibleroutes would be “prudent”.他们认为，秘书长应权衡破坏公园所造成的损害和使用其他路线的成本，包括安全的考虑和其他因素，确定重要性的基础上，他需重视是否有其他因素，总而言之，替代可行的路线将是“谨慎”。
122p2最高法意见：But no such wide –ranging endeavor was intended.it is obvious that, in most cases, considerations of cost,directness of route, and community disruption will indicate that park land should be used for highway construction whenever possible但没有如此广泛的——努力的范围是明显的，从各个方面出发，成本的考虑，直接的路线，和公共的破坏将表明，只要有可能公园的土地应当用于公路建设…….Such fa ctors are common to substantially all highway construction.实际上，对于所有的公路建造这些因素都是常见的。Thus,if Congress intended there factors to be on an equal footing with preservation of park land, there would have been no need for the statutes.
因此，如果国会意图的因素是在平等的基础上保护公园土地，法规也就没有存在的必要了。122p4l4which provides that a “rev iewing court shall…hold unlawful and set aside agency action,findings,and conclusions found”not to meet six separate standards.它提供了一个“复审法院应当……持有非法而且置机构行为，结果和结论于不顾，并发现结论“不满足六个单独的标准。
123p5 the court is first required to decide whether the Secretary acted within the scope of his authority. 法院首先需要决定是秘书长的行为权限范围内。
124p2倒3 Although this inquiry into the facts is to be searching and careful,the ultimate standard of review is a narrow one.the court is not empowered to substitute its judgment for that of the agency.尽管这对事实的审查是彻底和仔细的，但是最终的审查标准是狭窄的。法院无法取代该机构进行裁判。
124p3 The final inquiry is whether the Secretary’s action follow ed the necessary procedural requirements.最后的审查是秘书的行动是否遵循必要的程序要求。
126p3l4If the district court decides that additional explanation is necessary ,that court should consider which method will prove the most expeditious so that full review may be had as soon as possible.如果该地区法院认为，更多的解释是必要的，法院应考虑哪些方法的证明是最有效率的，促使全面审查了尽可能快的完成。