托福阅读词汇题备考策略

托福阅读词汇题备考策略

对于词汇题的备考策略而言，文都国际教育认为考生在备考阶段应以背单词为主要突破口，同时辅以根据上下文的逻辑关系来猜测词义的方法。除此之外，在平时的阅读中还要关注并积累一些常见的熟词僻意，以更全面地了解单词的含义。本篇托福培训，文都国际教育就从这三个方面进行详细的分析。

一、针对词汇题有效地背单词

通常情况下词汇题所考查的是指定单词的基本含义，只要考生能够认识所考查的单词，就能轻而易举地得出正确答案。因此，对单词的记忆则是解答词汇题最重要的方法。那么，到底应该如何有效地背单词呢?

首先，考生应走出单词速记或速成的误区，选择一本合适的词汇书坚持记忆托福核心词汇。文都国际教育建议考生最好选择一本释义得当并且带有例句的词汇书来记忆。在记单词的过程中考生还要注意“循环反复”的原则，即在第二天背单词之前，还要把前一天记过的单词再复习一遍。

在记忆过程中，重点关注动词和形容词的释义及用法，并穿插以词根词缀的方法来辅助记单词。比如，在托福阅读生物类的文章中会高频出现食草动物(herbivore)，食肉动物(carnivore)，杂食动物(omnivore)这一组词，因此考生可以先认知-vor-/-vour-( to eat)这个词根，然后将上面三个词放在一起进行记忆，同时考生如若遇到devour(吞食v.)则也能快速记忆其意思。同时，掌握一些常见词根词缀还可以帮助考生对一些单词有依据的进行猜测。

例题分析：

The large hind legs were used for propulsionin water. On land, where it probably bred and gave birth, Ambulocetusmay have moved around very much like a modern sea lion. It was undoubtedly a whale that linked life on land with life at sea. (OG Test 1 The Origins of Cetaceans)

11. The word “propulsion” in the passage is closest in meaning to

○staying afloat

○changing direction

○decreasing weight

○moving forward

解析：有很大一部分考生对于单词propulsion并没有专门记忆过，但是仔细观察则发现此单词中的pro-为常见前缀，有“before, forward”的含义，因此propulsion必定也含有“向前”的含义，所以则选择正确答案D(向前移动)，本身propulsion就是“推进，推动”的含义。

知道了这个前缀，考生还可以继续扩展记忆带有pro-前缀的其他一些单词，比如：project (v. 投影，投射)，proliferate (v. 繁殖)，propel (v.推进，促进)，proceed (v.前进)等。

其次，记单词的过程中还要结合大量做题来强化对单词的记忆。考生要重点完成《新托福考试官方指南》(即OG)和TPO(TOEFL Practice Online)中的词汇题，因为这些词汇题中所涉及的单词都是重点考查的高频词。除此之外，考生还要熟记机经词汇，上一年度和本年度所考查的词汇题。在做题和记忆过程中要进行总结归纳，把自己每次做错的词汇题和记了多遍都尚未熟记的单词记录下来，形成符合自身水平针对自身的词汇本，在考前再将其回顾梳理一遍。

二、根据上下文的逻辑关系猜测词义

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 利用并列关系猜测词义

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The wordpenetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

○collect

○pierce

○melt

○endure

解析：本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 利用举例关系猜测词义

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

○mistrust

○misinterpret

○criticize

○resent

解析：后句中看到信号词for example,则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 利用转折/对比关系猜测词义

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

○rapid

○ determined

○flexible

○ demanding

解析：本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later;前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious 与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

三、留意熟词僻意现象

在托福词汇题中偶尔还会考查到熟词僻意的现象，即熟悉的单词考查的却是较为生僻的意思。对于这种类型的题目，考生要从以下三个方面来应对。

首先，注意平时的积累。常考的熟词僻意数量有限，考生在做题过程中如果遇到则可以将其整理到自己的词汇本上并定期进行复习。

其次，考生在背单词的过程中，应多留意所背单词的词性类别及在各类词性下的含义，对于一些已经熟悉的单词，则不妨停留一下看看还有没有其他的意思。

最后，如果考试时确实遇到一个尚未认知的熟词僻意，则可以根据上下文的语境尝试将单词的意思推断出来。

例题分析1：

Paragraph 3: the subjects of the paintings are mostly animals. The paintings rest on bare walls, with no backdrops or environmentaltrappings.

8. The wordtrappings in the passage is closest in meaning to

○conditions

○problems

○influences

○decorations

解析：对于绝大多数的考生而言，是非常熟悉trap(v.困住n.陷阱)一词的，考生看到trappings会理所当然地想到为trap的变形，意思应与“困住”相关，但是观察选项却发现并没有此含义的选项。对于本题的词汇而言，考生可以尝试利用上下文来将其推测出来，文中讲到“绘画都是位于光秃秃的墙面上，并没有任何背景和环境上的_____”，因此可以推出大概为“装饰”的意思，所以选择正确答案D. decorations(装饰)。本身trappings就有“装饰，装饰物”的含义。

例题分析2：

Paragraph 7: Some species of tuna have specialized grooves in their tongue. It is thought that these grooves help to channel water through the mouth and out the gill slits, thereby reducing water resistance.

8. The word “channel” in the passage is closest in mea ning to

○reduce

○remove

○direct

○provide

解析：对于channel一词，大部分考生熟悉的意思是“n. 频道;海峡”，但此题中channel是用作为动词，这就需要考生在前期要积累到channel作为动词的含义，为“引导，引流”之意，因此选择正确答案C. direct。

托福阅读中的词汇题，是属于一种最基础的题型，考察面较为单一，但是其题量大，占分多，要求考生在备考阶段做好充足的词汇积累，在做题过程中如遇到尚未认知的词汇则要擅于利用上下文所提供的逻辑线索积极进行推测，同时在平常的做题和阅读过程中还要有意识地积累高频出现的熟词僻意，以全面击破词汇题，抢占得分点。

文章来源于文都国际教育：https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ab8835930.html,

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