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选修6unit1单词讲解

选修6 unit 1 Art

IV 重点词汇

1. faith n.信仰；信任；信心

have faith in sb./sth.对某人/某事有信心

lose faith in 不再信任,对…失去信心

be faithful to sb. [sth.] 忠实于某人[某事]

faithful adj.忠实的

faithfully adv.忠实地

1)Having faith in the masses is the requirement by government.

相信群众是对政府的要求。

2)Under no circumstance shall we lost faith in the future.

在任何情况下，我们都不该对未来失去信心。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 他对我的能力很有信心。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 2) 虽然只是一个小挫折，却让露丝对成功失去了信心。

_______________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) He has faith in my ability.

2) Though it’s only a small frustration, it made Rose lose faith in success.

2. aim n. 目标；目的；瞄准vi.&vt.瞄准（向某方向）努力

take aim (at) 瞄准

aim at向…瞄准；旨在，针对；志在

aim high胸怀大志; 力争上游

1)What is your aim in life?

你生活的目的是什么?

2)He aimed the gun at the enemy officer．

他用枪瞄准了敌军官。

3)Our factory must aim at developing new models of machines．

我们的工厂必须致力于研制新型机械。

[练习]根据句子的意思在横线上填入适当的词或词组。

1) This anti-smoking campaign mainly___________ (针对)young teenagers．

2) The hunter_____________ （瞄准）the lion and fired

3) He ____________ （力求）at accuracy.

4) He could not ________ （瞄准）straight.

5) He is leading a life without ________（目标，方向）.

Keys:1)aims at 2)aimed at 3) aimed 4) aim 5) aims

3. typical adj. 典型的, 象征性的;不出所料；特有的

be typical of…是…代表; 象征

1) Xianglin Sao is a typical character in Zhufu.典型人物

2) grasp typical cases抓典型

3) It’s typical of her to be late.她这个人就是爱迟到。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 抢挑重担是他的特点。

_______________________________________________________________________________ 2) 温暖，潮湿的气候在南方很典型。

______________________________________________________________________________ Keys: 1) It is typical of him to take hard jobs.

2) Warm and wet weather is very typical in south China.

4. adopt vt. 采用,采纳; 收养

adoption n.采用;收养

形近词: adapt v. 使适应, 改编

adaptation n. 适应, 改编, 改写本

1) In the meeting, all the works agreed to adopt a new idea to reform the factory.

会议中所有员工都同意采纳新意见以改革工厂.

2) Many new couples are eager to adopt the children losing their parents in the earthquake.

许多新夫妇都期望可以收养在地震中失去双亲的孩子.

[练习] 汉译英

1）健康而没有孩子的夫妇依法可以收养一个小孩。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2）这部影片是为了孩子们从一本很受欢迎的小说改编而来

_______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) The healthy couple without children can adopt a child by law.

2) The film was adapted from a popular novel for children.

5. convince vt. 使确信；使信服

convince sb. of sth. 使某人相信某事

convince sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事

be convinced of sth. 相信某事

be convinced that+从句相信某事

1) He was convinced of his error. 他认识了错误

2) He convinced me that I should study law．他劝我应该学法律。

3) It took many hours to convince the court of his guilt．

花费了许多个小时法庭才相信他有罪。

4)We convinced Anne to go by train rather than plane．

我们说服了安妮放弃乘飞机而坐火车走。

【高考考例分析】

To catch up with the times, we must keep ourselves __________of the current news.

A. warned

B. informed

C. convinced

D. accused

[解析] 本题考查四个动词的含义，这四个词都可以与of搭配，warn sb. of sth.警告某人某事，inform sb. of sth.通知某人某事，convince sb. of sth.说服某人相信某事，accuse sb. of sth.指控某人某事。本句译为：为了跟上时代，我们必须使自己知道当前的新闻。

[答案] B

[练习]根据句子的意思在横线上填入适当词或词组。

1) He_____________ me ____ his innocence.

2) After his discussion, I _______________ that I was wrong.

3) It is no use trying _____________ him to quit smoking.

Keys: 1)convinced…of2)was convinced 3)to convince

6. attempt n. 努力；尝试；企图vt.尝试；企图

[重点用法]

attempt sth.试图做……; 努力去执行(完成)某事

attempt to do企图做某事

make an attempt at sth／to do sth.企图做某事

1) The prisoners attempted an escape, but failed. 囚犯企图逃跑，但是失败了

2) An astronaut will attempt to leave the stationary spaceship and then return to it．

一名宇航员将试着离开停着的宇宙飞船，然后再回到里面去。

3) The boys made an attempt to leave for camping but were stopped by their parents．男孩子们想去野营但被他们的父母们拦住了。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 我试图与她取得联系。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2) 他无意进行这件事情。

_______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) I attempted to get in touch with her. 2) He made no attempt to carry it out.

7. predict vt.预言；预告；预测(侧重从已知的事实推断或根据自然规律断定未来的事情。

predict sth.

predict that

prediction n. 预言, 预报

1) An eclipse could be predicted in ancient days. 很久以前就可以预报日（月）蚀了。

2) His teacher predicted that he could be a CEO of a company because of his intelligence and diligence.

因为他的聪明和勤奋，他老师预测他以后有可能成为公司的总裁。

3)Do you take seriously his prediction of a government defeat?

他预言政府要挫败，你认为这话靠得住吗？

[练习] 汉译英

1) 观察员预测加沙地区形势最起码会持续一个月。

______________________________________________________________________________

2) 预告明天有雨

_______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1)The observer predicted that the situation in Gaza will last at least a month.

2) It predicts rain for tomorrow.

V 重点词组

1. a great deal大量

1) Thanks a great deal for your help with our work.非常感谢你给我们工作上的帮助。

2) A great deal of money was used in rescuing the victims in Wenchuan earthquake.

大量的金钱被用于援救汶川地震中的受害者。

[短语归纳] 表示“许多，大量”

a great deal of/a good deal of/a large amount of/much/not a little可用于修饰不可数名词

a few/quite a few/a good many/a great many/a great number of可用于修饰可数名词

a lot of/a large quantity of/large quantities of/plenty of 既可修饰可数名词又可以修饰不可数名词

[练习] 汉译英

1) 我还有许多事情需要处理。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2) 大量充足的雨水带来了丰收。

_______________________________________________________________________________

3) 许多孩子在这次可怕的事故中失去了双亲。

_______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1)I have a number of things to do.

2)Plenty of rain resulted in the harvest of crop.

3)Great numbers of children lost their parents in the terrible accident.

2．by coincidence巧合地

By coincidence, we will take the same bus back home.

真巧合，我们要搭同趟车回家。

By coincidence, his wife is one of my classmates in college.

巧合的是他的妻子是我大学的一个同学。

by accident 碰巧，偶然

by chance碰巧，偶然

on purpose故意

4. in the flesh活着的；本人

1)In the performance, you can see your idols in the flesh.

表演中，你可以亲眼看到你的偶像。

2)His appearance in the flesh ended the rumors about his death.

他本人的出现打破了他人已经死去的谣言。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 当使用信用卡时，需要你的本人签名。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2) 他是活着的最受欢迎的学者。

_______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) When using your credit card, you need to sign your name in the flesh.

2) He is the most popular scholar in the flesh.

5. in (the) possession of拥有（属于）

1) They are still in possession of the house, so we have to wait for another time.他们依然拥有房子的产权，所以我们还得等待一段时间。

2) The factory is in the possession of one of my friend, who moved to Australia several years ago.这家工厂是属于我一个朋友的，几年前他搬到澳洲去了。

[短语归纳] in one’s possession由……掌握

in charge of负全责, 经管,

in the charge of由……负责，经营

take possession of占有,拥有

take charge of 负责,看管

6. in consequence因此，结果

1) He got a bad cough. In consequence, he had to ask a doctor for help.

2) He had to ask a doctor for help in consequence of his bad cough.

他咳得很厉害，因此，他不得不去看医生。

[短语归纳] in consequence of... 的结果，因为...的缘故，由于

as a consequence因而，结果

[练习] 汉译英

1) 雨很大，结果街道变成一片汪洋。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2) 因为他付出的努力，他取得了非凡的成就。

_______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) It rained heavily. As a consequence, the streets were in flood.

2) He got a marvelous achievement in consequence of his great effort.

7. appeal to（对某人）有吸引力；向...呼吁[请求]

Bright colours appeal to small children. 小孩喜欢鲜艳的颜色。

We are appealing to anyone who saw the suspect to contact us.

我们恳请任何人看到嫌疑犯后与我们联系。

appeal to sb. for为...向某人呼吁[请求]

appeal for aid请求援助

appeal for mercy [sympathy] 请求宽恕[同情]

appeal to arms [force] 诉诸武力

[练习] 汉译英

1) 政府呼吁市民节约用水。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2) 意识到自己的错误，这个犯人请求宽恕。

______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1) The government appealed to citizens for saving water.

2) Realizing his mistakes, the criminal appealed for mercy.

VI 重点句子

1. But it was evident that ideas were changing in the 13th century when painters like Giotto di Bondone began to paint religious scenes in a more realistic way.

但是，很显然在13世纪时（人们的）思想正经历着变化，像乔托这样的画家开始以一种较为现实的风格来画宗教场景。

[解释] It is evident that…（很）显然… “it”在句中充当形式主语，“that”引导的主语从句为真正的主语。为了句子的平衡移到后面,可以避免句子结构的头重脚轻.

[典例]It's evident that the plan is impracticable. 很明显这计划是不能实现的。

It was evident that the couple still love for each other. 很显然这对夫妇依然爱着对方。

[练习] 汉译英

1) 很显然，在警察赶到前犯罪现场经过了伪造。

_______________________________________________________________________________

2) 很明显政府正试图帮助大学生就业。

______________________________________________________________________________

Keys: 1)It was evident that the accident spot had been counterfeited (伪造)before the traffic policeman came.

2) It is evident that the local government is trying to help the graduates with employment.

2课文佳句背诵与仿写（旨在培养对难句的理解和运用能力）

1.【原句】Without the new paints and the new technique, we would not be able to see the many great masterpieces for which this period is famous.没有新的颜料和新的（绘画）手法，我们就不能看到很多使这一时代著名的杰作。

[模仿要点] 句子结构without + N , 主句（用虚拟语气）+ 介词+which 引导的定语从句

【模仿1】如果没有这项政策，并不是所有的孩子将能够上学接受家长无法支付教育的。

_______________________________________________________________________________

答案：Without the policy, not all the children would be able to go to school to receive the education for which their parents were not able to pay.

【模仿2】没有她及时的帮助，我们就不会完成我们负责的项目，。

_______________________________________________________________________________

答案：Without her timely help, we would not have finished the project for which we were responsible.

2．【原句】Among the painters who broke away from the traditional style of painting were the Impressionists, who lived and worked in Paris.在那些突破传统画法的画家中有生活和工作在巴黎的印象派画家。

[模仿要点] 句子结构：among(介词)位于句首的倒装句，+ which/who 引导非限制定语从句

【模仿1】在所有最有吸引力的城市中有湛江，它是最近被正式宣布为十大休闲城市之一。

_______________________________________________________________________________

答案：Among all the cities that are most attractive is Zhanjiang, which was recently officially declared one of the Top Ten Casual Cities in China.

【模仿2】在所有获得奖学金的学生中有杰克，他是来自贫困家庭，现在正在做兼职来维持自己。

_______________________________________________________________________________

答案：Among all the students who received the scholarships is Jack, who is from a poor family and now is doing a time to support himself.

【练习】根据句子结构，用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空

1) Sometimes we are _________ by the desire to be rich and do everything we could to make the dream come true, but finally we will find out that the _______ of wealth may not necessarily bring happiness. (possess)

2) The bad weather and the ________ confusion of traffic made it impossible for schools to operate as usual. _________, most of the students were taken back home by their parents. (consequence)

3) The man rushed into the manager’s office ________ and asked for a refund. (aggress)

4) An automotive ________ coming from U.S.A is ready to help us in science and _________ . (technique)

5) A ________ employee would not like to leave his boss though the company had been bankrupted. (faith)

6) With the development of meteorology (气象学), people make it ________to know the weather in advance. (predict) keys:1) possessed; possession 2) consequent; Consequently 3) aggressively 4) technician; technology 5)faithful 6) predictive

二、课文要点

1课文词汇等填空（旨在复习本课文中的单词拼写和主要词语等）

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

Western art is 1________ (影响)by the way of life and 2 __________ （believe）of people. During the Middle Ages the main aim of painters was to represent 3____________ (传统的)themes. Artists were interested

in 4_______________ (create) respect and love for God. In the Renaissance new ideas and values took the place of those 5_______________ (hold)in the Middle Ages when people focused more on humans. One of the most

important 6______________ （discover）during this period was how to draw things in perspective. In the late 19th, Europe changed from a mostly 7_____________ （agriculture）society to a mostly industrial

one. 8______________ （印象派）dated from the late 19th to the early 20th century. However, at first the paintings of this period were thought to be 9____________ （可笑的）. Then modern art, the painter does not attempt to paint objects as we see them with our eyes but concentrates 10____________ certain qualities of the object.

答案：1. influenced 2.beliefs 3.religious 4.creating 5.held

6.discoveries

7.agricultural

8.Impressionism

9.ridiculous 10.on

1. ___ adj.抽象的；深奥的；n. 摘要→____ adj.（反义词）具体的

2.____ n.信任；信心；信念→____ adj忠实的→____ adv. 忠实地

3. ____ adv. 所以; 因而→_____ adj. 作为结果的；随之发生的→____ n. 结果

4. ____ n.目标；目的；v.瞄准，（向某方向）努力→____ adj.（反义词）漫无目的的

5.____adj. 常规的;传统的；因循守旧的→____ adv. 常规地;传统地

1.abstract; concrete

2.faith; faithful; faithfully

3.consequently; consequent; consequence

4.aim; aimless

5.conventional; conventionally

6. ____ adj. 典型的;有代表性的→____ adv. 典型地;有代表性地

7. ____ adj. 明显的;显著的→_____ n. 证据

8. ____vt. 采用;采纳；收养→_____adj. 被收养的;被采纳的;有收养关系的

9. ____vt. 拥有;具有；支配→_____ n.（尤作复数）所有；财产

10. _____ adj. 荒谬的；可笑的→_____ adv. 荒谬地

11. _____adj. 争论的；争议的→____ n. 争论;论战

12. _____vt. 预言;预告；预测→____ n. 预言;预告

13. _____ adj. 确切的；特定的→_____ adv. 确切地；特定地

14. _____adj. 敢作敢为的;侵略的;好斗的→_____ n. 攻击;侵犯

15. ____ v. 呼吁；求助;将……上诉；n. 呼吁；恳求

→_____ adj. 可怜的；恳求的；有魅力的;令人感兴趣的

16._____ n. 文明;文化→_____ v. 使文明; 使开化;教化

6.typical;typically

7.evident;evidence

8.adopt;adoptive

9.possess;possession

10.ridiculous; ridiculously 11.controversial; controversy 12.predict; prediction

13.specific;specifically 14.aggressive;aggression 15.appeal;appealing

16.civilization;civilize

1. ____ coincidence 偶然地；巧合地

2. a _____ deal 许多；大量

3. on the _____ hand （可是）另一方面

4. in the ____ 活着的；本人

5. appeal ____ （对某人）有吸引力；（使某人）感兴趣

6. lead _____ 导致

7. concentrate ____ 集中注意力于……

8. be _____ to do sth. 渴望做某事

9. as ____ as 既;又

10. would _____ 宁愿

1.by

2.great

3.other

4.flesh

5.to

6.to

7.on

8.eager

9.well 10.rather

Ⅰ.单词拼写

1. The word “honesty” is an a ____ noun.

2. As they had no children of their own, they a_____ an orphan.

3. They are put on an e_____ of French paintings next week.

4. An a______ country is always ready to start a war.

5. His a_____ is to be a successful writer.

6. The prisoners ______(企图) to escape, but failed.

7. The keys are in the _____（掌握在……手里）of the boss.

8. The expert ______（预言）that there will be an earthquake in that area in the near future.

9. You look _____(可笑的) in those tight jeans.

10. The professor made a ______ (可能引起争议的) speech.

【答案】1.abstract 2.adopted 3.exhibition 4.aggressive 5.aim

6.attempted

7.possession

8.predicts

9.ridiculous 10.controversial

Ⅱ. 同义句转换

1. I prefer to watch rather than perform.

I ____ ____ watch than perform.

2. These years, Europe has changed a lot.

These years, Europe has changed ____ ____ ____.

3. He tried to slide into the room but was found by his father.

He ____ _____slide into the room but was found by his father.

4. These plants attract many children.

These plants ___ ____ many children.

5. This was so moving a play that we couldn’t help crying.

This was ___ ____ ____ ____ that we couldn’t help crying.

【答案】1. would rather2. a great deal3. attempted to

4. appeal to

5. such a moving play

Ⅰ.多项选择

1．The idea of working abroad really __________ me，and I’m trying to apply for a job abroad.

A．adapts to B．relates to

C．responds to D．appeals to

解析：选D。句意：去国外工作的想法吸引着我，我正试图在国外找到一份工作。appeal to意为“有吸引力”，符合句意。adapt to适应(新环境等)；relate to sb./sth.理解或同情某人(某事物)；respond to回应，反应。

2．John applied for the post of Eliot’s secretary.Does he __________ the necessary patience and ability to do the job well?

A．perform B．possess

C．observe D．support

解析：选B。句意：John申请做Eliot的秘书。他有做好这项工作必备的耐性和能力吗？possess具有，拥有，符合句意。perform表演，演奏；observe观察，观测；support支持，支撑。

3．He’s one of those early birds.It’s __________ of him to get up early.

A．practical B．humorous

C．rude D．typical

解析：选D。It is typical of sb.to do sth.某人做……是他的特征。

4．Short hair is back __________ this year.The female workers in my office all had their long hair cut.

A．in common B．in style

C．in trouble D．in place

解析：选B。句意：短发今年又开始流行了。我们办公室的女职员都把她们的长发剪了。in style意为“流行的”，

符合句意。in common共有；in trouble有麻烦；in place在适当的位置。

5．—I’m going to London next Monday.

—What a __________！So am I.

A．conclusion B．consequence

C．coincidence D．celebration

解析：选C。conclusion结论；consequence结果，后果；coincidence巧合；celebration庆祝。根据So am I 的语境可知选C项。

6．If you are a distance learner，it is a good idea to set yourself a __________learning goal for each day or each week.

A．delicate B．visual

C．fair D．specific

解析：选D。specific意为“确切的，具体的”。句意：你若是远程学习者，为自己每天或每周设定一个确切的学习目标是个好主意。

7．The expert advised the boy，who always fails to remember the new words，to __________ an effective way of learning vocabulary.

A．admire B．design

C．adopt D．invent

解析：选C。adopt意为“采用，采取，采纳”，符合题意。admire羡慕，赞赏；design设计；invent发明，创造。

8．(2010年高考安徽卷)—How did you like Nick’s performance last night?

—To be honest，his singing didn’t ________ to me much.

A．appeal B．belong

C．refer D．occur

解析：选A。考查动词词义辨析。appeal to意为“吸引”；belong to意为“属于”；refer to意为“提到；涉及”；occur to意为“突然想到”。句意为“她的演唱并不怎么吸引我。”

9．(2010年高考山东卷)Mothers holding jobs outside the home should have __________ schedules to make it easier to care for their children.

A．heavy B．smooth

C．flexible D．complex

解析：选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意应为“在外工作的母亲们应该有灵活的时间以便照看孩子们。”表示“灵活的”用flexible。heavy表示“沉重的”；smooth表示“光滑的，滑顺的”；complex表示“复杂的，难懂的”。

10．Managers in excellent companies have a strong ________ for doing things rather than talking about situations.

A．opinion B．feeling

C．idea D．preference

解析：选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：优秀企业的管理者都特别偏爱做实事而不是夸夸其谈。have a preference for对……有偏爱。

Ⅱ.完成句子

1．Children should be encouraged to explore ______________(他们感兴趣的任何事物)．(appeal)

解析：考查宾语从句。“任何事物”要用whatever，由短语appeal to可知答案。

答案：whatever appealed to them

2．The prices of houses，________________(就如经常报道的那样)，have been going up sharply in the past few months.(report)

解析：考查非限定性定语从句。根据习惯用法可知，本题的引导词要用as；report与as之间是被动关系，据此可知答案。

答案：as is often reported

3．Without your timely help，we __________(会陷入)big trouble that day.(fall)

解析：考查虚拟语气。Without引导的短语相当于if从句，由that day可知本题是对过去时间的虚拟，故主句用“情态动词＋完成体”。

答案：would have fallen into

5．It is Shanghai Expo ________________(使中国成为焦点)again all over the world，and many people are wondering what the new giant is going to be in the future.(focus)

解析：考查强调句型。由句式结构可知，本题是一个强调句型，此处强调的是Shanghai Expo；“使中国成为焦点”应表达为make China the focus，据此可知答案。

答案：that makes China the focus

6．It is commonly thought that many coal mine accidents ________________(本来能够避免)if we had followed the strict safety rules.(avoid)

解析：考查情态动词用法。could have done意为“本来能够做……而实际未做……”。

答案：could have been avoided

7．If Jack had scored that goal，we ________________(就会赢得那场足球赛了)．(win)

解析：考查虚拟语气。本题是if引导的虚拟条件句，由had scored可知是对过去时间的虚拟，因此对应的主句应用“情态动词＋完成体”。

答案：would have won the football match

8．The education programme ________________(旨在)combining brain work with manual labor is being widely spread throughout the country.(aim)

解析：考查定语用法。由句式结构可知，横线处应作定语，因此使用定语从句或分词；由短语be aimed at可知答案。

答案：(that/which is)aimed at

9．Were it to rain tomorrow，the sports meet ______________(推迟)until the same time next week.(put)

解析：考查虚拟语气。由Were it to rain tomorrow可知，本句是省略if条件的虚拟句，从句应视为对将来情况的虚拟，故用“情态动词＋动词原形”。

答案：would be put off

10．It’s pity that he failed the exam. If he ________________(更加注意)on his handwriting，he would have done better.(concentrate)

解析：考查虚拟语气。由主句would have done可知，本题是对过去时间的虚拟，故从句用过去完成时。

答案：had concentrated more

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