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初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 (1)_共11页

初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 (1)_共11页
初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 (1)_共11页

猜测某一个单词或者短语在该情景中的具体含义,根据所给的部分文章内容,推测文章的结尾等。

 初中英语阅读理解的解题技巧: 一、要注意养成良好的阅读心理,阅读时要去掉杂念,心绪要安定,精神要专一,要形成一种惬意的顺向心理。切不可一遇到几个生词难句,就心烦意乱,失去自控能力。心理学家告诉我们,任何恐慌,过分紧张的情绪都会形成一种消极因素妨碍大脑的正常思维功能。因此,遇到困难一定要从容不迫,心无旁骛。

这样才能对所读的文章印象清晰,理解深刻。

二、要提高视读的速度,考阅读理解,从另一个方面来说,考的是考试速度。因此做阅读理解时,要注意培养自己快速阅读的习惯。切不可在个别难懂的词句上磨蹭,只要全篇理解了,个别难懂的词句可以根据上下文和构词法去猜测,去推断。

三、对文章的评价分析,一定要坚持“词不离句,句不离篇”,要理解文章作者的原意,而不能按你自己的意愿去想当然。切记:一想当然,就会出错。

1.审视标题,抓住中心

试题中有的文章有标题,有的没有,拟题人是有所考虑的。标题是文章主题的高度凝聚。它能给我们启发和想象,想象文章的内容和走向。这样做有利于对文章的理解,能提高做题的效率。

2.浏览全文,掌握全貌

如果时间紧,至少要快速通读全文,尤其是首两段。再把标题和文章内容结合起来,这样全文的梗概便一目了然了。

3.细读题目,抓住要点

对整篇短文内容有了一定的了解后,要马上看短文后的问题,带着问题去选择或判断答案。要确定所需查找的信息范围,并注意所查找信息的特点。例如:如果问题或选项涉及到人名、地名,就应该找首字母大写的单词;如果问题或选项涉及时间、日期、数字,就应该寻找具体的数据。另外还要注意试题难易,应暂时绕开那些少数较难的题目,先做最有把握、最熟悉的题目,也就是该类题可以直接或间接从文章中找到的。而对于那些要通过对文章归纳判断、逻辑推理的题目,需要再对全文快速阅读,仔细分析思考,反复比较、推敲选出正确答案。若文章短可先读短文,后看文后题目;如果文章太长,你可以先把文章后面的问题看一遍,带着问题去看文章。这样可以帮助你去掉杂念,提高阅读速度和解题的正确性。要善于找关键句,特别要注意文章的第一段和最后一段的头一句话,往往就是关键句,可以帮助你掌握文章的全貌,理解文章的主题。此外,还应该细读文章,因为有时的试题是考细节。可以边读边用铅笔做点标记,把有关的画出来。凡逢

人物就圈起来,看完一数,有几个圈就是几个人,一目了然。

4.细读文章,掌握细节

这次应细品,不可一晃而过。可边读边用铅笔做些记录,把有关的人物、事件、时间、地点、起因(即五个

W:who,what,when,where,why)划出来。经过这样的处理,你对文章的内容和细节便会胸有成竹,对事态的发生、发展和解决有了更加深入的了解。

5.理解大意,初选答案

一般短文都设有五个题目,对那些表层理解的题目可以断然选定。对那些深层理解的题目,应再查阅原文,但决不是简单重读,应找出依据,把所答案代入文中,再确定正误。在确定答案时,对文章和题中的词语应结合上下文思考其确切意思,切忌望文生义,作出错误的判断。

6.复读全文,核对答案

要用全文的主题思想统率各思考题,研究其内在的联系和逻辑关系,并依次审核那些未获解答的题,对照题目,推测判断,确保理解无误。

7.瞻前顾后,首尾突破

对一具体问题不要局限于一词一事,而应从短文整体考虑,从主线向外扩展,打开思路,前后上下对照。这样,可减少“钻牛角尖”和“繁琐分析”。而且,在中考试题中,即使是

事实和细节题,也是“围绕或用以说明主旨和大意”的。大多数短文,尤其是新闻报道或议论文的第一段,或每段的第一句,常包含了全文的主要信息或基本观点;而结尾部分常是结局或结论。寓言或幽默文字的结尾也往往是点晴之笔或值得玩味之处。因此,抓住首尾往往抓住了主要矛盾,主要矛盾解决了,次要矛盾也就迎刃而解了。

看到这里,也许有的同学会说,这些方法都太晦涩,有没有一些实际可行的从零开始的方法来提高自己的阅读成绩呢?答案是肯定的。同学们只要坚持以下几点,提高阅读能力是绝对没有问题的。

一、多练习。理论再多再精彩终究不能做对题,"纸上谈兵"永远不如"投入实战重要";

二、要有耐心。阅读需要耗费大量的时间与精力,同时也需要你有足够的耐心。虽然过程是痛苦的,但只要你坚持下去,终会有苦尽甘来的一天。

三、掌握一定的阅读方法与技巧。在进行阅读的时候不要逐字读文章,遇到生词就先跳过去。你不认识的单词别人也不一定都认识,而且这个单词很有可能是不会影响那你理解文章的,因为对于那些能够影响文章理解又超出大纲要求的单词,出题人一般都会给出汉语注释的。

四、不论是对于主观题的考查还是客观题的考查,都是建立在对文章内容的理解上的,因此,我们在阅读时必须把它看作一个整体,在理解全文大意的前提下有针对性地挖掘一些所需的细节内容。

总而言之,掌握一定的阅读技巧和方法固然重要,但要想在阅读理解这一重要知识板块取得高分,还必须经过坚持不懈的努力。阅读理解需要扎实的语言基础以及熟练的语言能力,而扎实的语言基础来自平时严格的基本功训练,熟练的语言能力来自长期的知识积累以及运用。俗话说:"冰冻三尺,非一日之寒"。只要平时刻苦努力,打下扎实的英语基础知识,再加上科学的解题方法,阅读理解不失分就不再是一个遥不可及的梦想了

阅读理解各类题型的特点

(一)主旨题

主旨题可分为文章主旨和段落主旨两种。该类题型在历年题型中出现的频率极高,每年必出。它考查了考生综合、概括、归纳和分析问题的能力,要求考生通过对文章的阅读,迅速把握文章或段落的主题中心。命题模式如下:

1.文章主旨题

(1)What is the main idea of this passage?

(2)This passage is mainly about ?

(3)What is the best title of this passage?

(4)What is the author’s main purpose in the passage?

(5)The passage was written to explain .

(6)From the passage we can learn (infer) that .

2. 段落主旨题

(1)What does the first (second,third…)

paragraph mainly discuss?

(2)From the first (2nd, 3rd, 4th,etc) paragraph,

we can learn that .

3.主旨题的特点

无论是在段落中还是在文章中,是明显还是隐蔽,主

旨的提出主要有四种情况。

(1)首段或首句开门见山指出中心或讨论的问题。

(2)文章中间或段落中间给出中心。

(3)文章末段或段落末句对全文或全段进行总结归纳,

得出中心思想。

(4)文章或段落中不明确给出中心,考生要根据各段中

心或各句的内容进行总结,自己推出主旨。

(二)作者观点题和态度题

在一篇文章中,不管作者对某一观点是支持、反对还

是中立,是同情、冷漠还是失望,是批评还是赞扬,主观

还是客观,都表达了作者一定的观点和态度。只是这些观

点态度的提出有的直截了当,有的隐含在字里行间,有的

通过所用词语的褒贬来体现,有的则需要通读全文,把握

主旨才能领会。一般情况下,所选的文章不带有强烈的感

情色彩,因此不会引起太大的争议和分歧。此类题型可细

分为作者态度题(表明作者的好恶)和作者观点题(表明

作者对某事物的观点)。题干中的关键词或词组有

attitude,opinion,tone等等。其命题模式如下。

1.作者态度题

(1)What is the tone (mood) of the passage?

(2)From the text we can see that the writer seems

.

(3)The author's main thought is that .

(4)Which of the following can best describe the

attitude of the author?

2.作者观点题

(1)what does the writer think of…?

(2)According to the author, .

(3)In the author’s opinion, .

(4)What is the author’s opinion (idea) about…?

(5)The author thinks (believes, suggests) that .

(6)In the author’s eyes .

(三)词义/句意题

命制的试题中经常有要求考生对词语和句子做出解释

的题目。两者都主要侧重于考查考生通过上下文去判断词

义、句意的能力。词义题的考查有两种:一是超纲词含义

的推断,另一个是熟词僻义或是在特定场合的意思。其命

题模式如下:

(1)what does the underlined word “…”mean?

(2)The underlined phrase (word, sentence) “…”

most probably means .

(3)The phrase (word, sentence) suggests .

(4)From the passage, we can infer that the word

“…”is .

(5)According to passage, what is “…” ?

(6)When the author says that…, he means .

(四)推理引申题

推理引申题主要测试考生理清上下文逻辑关系的能力,要求考生领悟所读材料中句子之间的逻辑关系,并且根据

材料提供的已知信息进行分析、归纳和推理。判断推理能

力对深刻理解一篇文章十分重要,特别是理解作者字里行

间的言外之意、作者的观点、写作意图和态度。此类试题

通常要求考生对文章或段落进行深层推理和理解,不可能

把试题的答案非常直接地暴露于选项中。因此考生应该注

意把它与事实细节题区别开来,推理引申题必须以事实为

依据,但是得出的结果又绝对不是事实本身,即不能“就

事论事”。

推理引申题对一些基础比较薄弱的考生而言是一个难点,考生似乎对文章读懂了,然而在解题时却始终不知如

何下手,试题也做得不好。这是考生没有领会命题专家设

置推理引申试题的用意的缘故。事实上推理引申题考查的

不仅是考生对字面意义的理解,更要求考生透过文章的字

里行间去推测作者未明说而又意欲表达的含义。解此类题,考生应该根据文中的材料进行有关的判断、推理和引申。

常见命题模式如下:

(1)It can be inferred from the text/the last

paragraph/the first sentence that…

(2)We can infer that .

(3)The author suggests in the passage that .

(4)From the passage /the third paragraph/the last

sentence/the example that we can draw the

conclusion that .

引申推理题按照解题思路主要可以分为暗指题、推理

题和结论题。暗指题的特点是要求读者体味“言外之意”,信息只能从字里行间获得。对于这类试题,考生首先要分

清是明述还是暗指,即言内还是言外;其次,要尽最大可

能与命题者达成“共识”,因为命题人事先确定的答案不允许考生的认识有任何偏差;最后,要对文章中的有关事实

和观点进行分析和研究,按照事实发展的逻辑次序,总结

出合情合理的结论。

(五)事实细节题

在阅读理解测试中,很大比例的题目是考细节的。事

实上在对历年试题的分析中发现,事实细节题的比例占一

半以上。文章中的细节通常指的是作者为论证文章主题特

别是论证段落的大意而使用的具体信息。因为就议论文和

说明文而言,作者在阐明准备论述的问题或观点后,通常

会用大量具体的事实细节去说明或支持它们。这些细节可

以是理由、例子、数字,也可以采用下定义、作比较、对比、打比方等方法去组织。根据具体考查的内容或范围,

事实细节题可以再细分为因果细节题、态度细节题、观点

细节题、类比细节题、综合细节题和具体细节题。常见的

命题模式:

(1)According to the passage/ the author, who (what,

where, which, when, why, how, etc)?

(2)Which of the following is true/correct/

false/not included?

(3)All of the following are (not) true, are (not)

mentioned except .

(4)We learn from the last paragraph (the first

paragraph, the text) that .

初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧[1]

初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧 从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看,短文体裁多样,题材各异,文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面,充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题,弄清考点。在阅读短文之前,快速浏览问题,以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数,快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序,应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题,因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案,而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解,再作判断。 (一)主旨题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时,应通读全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开,主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 (二)细节题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题,体现中心思想的,往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时,应快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、数字等,阅读时要有针对性。 (三)推断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论,主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括:数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时,应根据短文中的相关语句,对与事实有关的细节加以分析,找出线索,悟出字里行间的意思,反复比较,从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 (四)猜测词义题 猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下,推断词义的题目中所出现的单词,大多数是学生未曾见过的生词,学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文,断定该词的真正含义,然后将这个释义代入文中,检查是否贴切,仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 (五)正误判断题 正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节,给出一个句子,判断其正误。这类题比较直接,难度相对较小。做此类题时,应先看题,后带着“问题”快速阅读短文,寻找所需要的信息。初中英语阅读理解题已成为评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型,在中考英语试卷中所占比重较大。阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说,阅读理解题主要针对如下方面:(1)个别词语或句子;(2)某一细节或情节;(3)主题;(4)背景知识;(5)结论或结局;(6)内涵隐意或寓意等。下面本人就根据阅读理解题的题型特点,来谈一些答题技巧。 一、直接理解题 这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式很多,例如:

中考英语 阅读理解训练(讲义及答案)及解析

中考英语阅读理解训练(讲义及答案)及解析 一、中考英语阅读理解训练 1.阅读理解 SAFETY RULES ON THE MTR TRAINS At the station: ?Be patient. Line up on the platform(站台) and wait for the train. ?Be polite. Let passengers get off first. ?Do not rush onto the train. It is dangerous. ?When you hear a "beep" sound, do not get on the train. The door is closing. Wait for another train. On the train: ?Do not eat or drink on the train. It makes the train dirty. ?Do not run on the train. ?Give your seat to old men or women, the disabled or women carrying babies. A. be a careful driver B. buy MTR tickets C. be a good passenger D. keep safe at home (2)People who will get on the train should __________. A. wait in line B. open the door C. ask for help D. leave the seats (3)When you hear a "beep" sound, ____________. A. close the door B. rush onto the train C. get off the train at once D. stop and wait for the next train (4)The text is probably a __________. A. report B. notice C. diary D. poem 【答案】(1)C (2)A (3)D (4)B 【解析】【分析】文章介绍了地铁站的一些应遵守的规则。 (1)细节理解题。根据SAFETY RULES ON THE MTR TRAINS可知,本文主要告诉读者如何成为一名乘客,故答案是C。 (2)细节理解题。根据Be patient. Line up on the platform(站台)and wait for the train.可知,上火车应该排队等候,故答案是A。 (3)细节理解题。根据When you hear a "beep" sound, do not get on the train.The door is closing. Wait for another train.可知,当你听到了警示声音,不能上车,要等下一

初中英语阅读理解及答案-简单的教学教材

初中英语阅读理解及答案-简单的

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初中英语阅读理解常见题型与答题技巧[1]

初中英语阅读理解常见题型及答题技巧从近几年的中考阅读理解情况看,短文体裁多样,题材各异,文章涉及科学知识、社会文化、政治历史、人文环境和日常生活等方面,充分体现其时代性、实用性。短文难度逐年加大。常见题型有主旨题、细节题、推断题、猜测词义题和正误判断题。 做阅读理解练习应先看问题,弄清考点。在阅读短文之前,快速浏览问题,以便在阅读短文时做到心中有数,快速、准确地捕捉所要信息。先易后难。做题时不必拘泥于书中所呈现的语篇顺序,应遵循先易后难的原则。如可先做细节题再做推断题,因为细节题大多能直接从文中找到答案,而推断题则需对短文进行深层理解,再作判断。 (一)主旨题 主旨题主要考查学生对短文中心思想或作者意图的掌握。做此类题时,应通读全文,理解文章大意,充分理解主题句的意义。短文往往围绕主题句展开,主题句通常出现在短文第一句或最后一句。 (二)细节题 细节题是用来进一步表达主题,体现中心思想的,往往针对短文某个细节来设题。做此类题时,应快速捕捉信息,可能是一些事例、数字等,阅读时要有针对性。 (三)推断题 推断题就是根据某个事实推断结论,主要考查学生的理解力和推断力。这类推断通常包括:数据事实推断、常识推断以及作者的写作目的、态度和倾向等的推断。做此类题时,应根据短文中的相关语句,对与事实有关的细节加以

分析,找出线索,悟出字里行间的意思,反复比较,从而作出合乎逻辑的判断。 (四)猜测词义题 猜测词义题主要考查学生根据上下文正确判断灵活变化的词义能力。一般情况下,推断词义的题目中所出现的单词,大多数是学生未曾见过的生词,学生需要在该词出现的上下文中去寻找线索。通过阅读上下文,断定该词的真正含义,然后将这个释义代入文中,检查是否贴切,仔细比较直到得出该词的确切的含义。 (五)正误判断题 正误判断题主要考查学生对文章的具体事实、信息的理解能力。一般是根据文章的事实或细节,给出一个句子,判断其正误。这类题比较直接,难度相对较小。做此类题时,应先看题,后带着“问题”快速阅读短文,寻找所需要的信息。 初中英语阅读理解题已成为评估学生英语水平的重要测试题型,在中考英语试卷中所占比重较大。阅读理解题主要是考查学生综合运用所学语言知识的能力,包括细节理解能力、词义判断能力、归纳概括能力及逻辑推理能力等。大致来说,阅读理解题主要针对如下方面:(1)个别词语或句子;(2)某一细节或情节;(3)主题;(4)背景知识;(5)结论或结局;(6)内涵隐意或寓意等。下面本人就根据阅读理解题的题型特点,来谈一些答题技巧。 一、直接理解题 这种题目比较简单,只要通读全文,了解文中所叙述的重要事实或细节就可以解答出来,有的甚至可以从文章的原句中直接找到答案。此类题目的出题形式

最新初中英语阅读理解10篇资料

初中英语阅读理解10篇 1 Ali,who was working a long way from home wanted to send a letter to his wife,but he could neither read nor write, and he had to work all day,so he could only look for somebody to write his letter late atnight .At last he found the house of a letter writer whose name was Nasreddin. Nasreddin was already in bed."It is late,"he said. "What do you want?" "I want you to write a letter to my wife , "said Ali , Nasreddin wasnot pleased. He thought for a few seconds and then said, "Has theletter got to go far?" "What does that matter?" answered Ali."Well, my writing is so strange that only I can read it, and if I have to travel a long way to read your letter to your wife, it will cost you a lot of money." Ali went away quickly. Multiple choice ( ) 1. Ali wanted to____to his wife. A.get something B.have a letter written C.bring a flower D. say good-bye ( ) 2. At last he found the house of_____. A.a writer B.a seller C.an old man D.a letter-writer ( ) 3.When Ali told what he wanted to do Nasreddin was______. A.not pleased B.pleased C.excited D.angry ( ) 4.Nasreddin said that his writing was_____. A.easy for anyone to read B.strange for anyone to read C. too strange for anyone to write D.difficult for anyone to read ( ) 5. This story tells us______. A.not to ask anybody for help B.not to trouble others at night C.not to ask for help without money D.not to trust others 2 An old man died and left his son a lot of money. But the son was a foolish young man,and he quickly spent all the money, so that soon hehad nothing left.Of course ,when that happened, all his friends lefthim.When he was quite poor and alone, he went to see Nasreddin, who was a kind, clever old man and often helped people when they had troubles."My money has finished and my friends have gone,"said the young man. "What will happen to me now?""Don't worry , young man,"answered Nasreddin."Everything will soon be all right again.Wait ,and you will soon feel much happier." The young man was very glad."Am I going to get rich again then? " heasked Nasreddin."No, I didn't mean that," said the old man."I meant that you would soon get used to being poor and to having no friends." Multiple choice ( )1.An old man died and left his son_______. A.nothing B.some gold C. much money D.only a house ( ) 2. When the son was________, he went to see Nasreddin. A.short of money B.quite poor and sick C.in trouble D. quite poor and alone ( ) 3.The young man was very glad because Nasreddin said that________. A.he would become rich again B. he would soon feel much happier C.he would become clever D. he would have more friends

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