Ebola(埃博拉病毒介绍)

Ebola

Cause : ebola virus.

Victims: human and other primates(灵长类动物). It’s a disease of human and other primates.

Incubation: between two days and three weeks after contracting the virus.

Signs and symptoms: fever, sore throat, muscle pain and headaches. Then vomiting(吐), diarrhea(腹泻) and rash usually follow, along with decreased function of liver and kidneys(肝和肾).

Death: usually six to sixteen days after the symptoms appear due to low blood pressure from fluid loss.

Transmission routes: by contact of broken skin or mucous(粘液的) membrane(薄膜) with blood or other body fluids of an infected human and other animal with surfaces which had contact with these fluids.

By direct contact with a recently contaminated item.

By semen or breast milk for several weeks to months after recovery.

Spread between people.

Natural carrier: fruit bats.

Human become infected by contact with the bats or with a living or dead animal that has been infected by bats.

Control of outbreaks: coordinated medical service along with a certain level of community engagement.

Medical services: rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those infected, cremation or burial of the dead.

Prevention: limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans through handling the potentially infected bush meat. Wearing the protective clothing and thoroughly cooking it before assumption.

Wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands.

Treatment: no

Good morning everyone. Look at the picture. Have you been familiar with it. Guess what people in the picture are suffering? Yes, that’s the subject I want to talk about today—ebola. And I am going to introduce the following aspects around it. The current condition, ebola virus, its natural carrier, the symptoms of infected, the transmission routes and finally the prevention and treatment of the disease.

There is an outbreak of ebola now in west Africa. By the time of 25 october, 10,141 suspected cases resulting in the deaths of 4,992 have been reported, among whom people in guinea(几内亚)，sierra(塞拉利昂) and liberia (利比里亚) suffered most. Many communities have been in ruins, leaving thousands of children become orphans and homeless and lacking in food. People avoid to shaking hands or contacting with others. Many shops are closed down. The markets in some areas are empty. And although we are far away from the west Africa, some reports say there are 43 suspicious infected victims in guangzhou. However doctors have confirmed that those people didn’t carry the deadly virus. It seems we are safe again. So don’t worry now.

This deadly disease is caused by ebola virus. It has a high risk of death, with an average mortality rate of 50%. Actually, Ebola is named after a river in congo(刚果金)，a country in west Africa in 1976. At that time, a nameless virus, now is known as ebola, killed many villagers along the river. So after that, people named this virus as ebola.

After the atrocities in congo, ebola spread into suden, causing thousands of people dead. And now, it appears again.

Its natural carrier is fruit bats. Human become infected by contact with the bats or with a living or dead animal that has been infected by bats.

After infected, Signs and symptoms typically start between two days and three weeks, as a fever, sore throat, muscle pain and headaches. Then vomiting, diarrhea and rash usually follow along with decreased function of liver and kidneys. At this time, generally, some people begin to bleed both internally and externally. Death, if it occurs, follows typically six to sixteen days after symptoms appear and is often due to low blood pressure from fluid loss.

The virus spreads by direct contact of broken skin or mucous membrane with blood or other body fluids of an infected human or other animal, or with surfaces which had contact with these fluids. Infection with the virus may also occur by direct contact with a recently contaminated item. It has n’t been proven that it can spread through the air.

Control of outbreaks requires coordinated medical services, along with a certain level of community engagement. The medical services include: rapid detection of cases of disease, contact tracing of those infected, cremation or burial of the dead.

Prevention includes limiting the spread of disease from infected animals to humans through handling the potentially infected bush meat, wearing the protective clothing and thoroughly cooking it before assumption. Also wearing proper protective clothing and washing hands while

around a person who is infected.

No specific treatment for the disease is yet available. However, efforts to help those infected is supportive. Some infected are given either slightly sweetened and salty water to drink or intravenous (静脉注射的)fluids, which is also supportive.