复旦大学考博英语阅读题及其解析

复旦大学考博英语阅读题及其解析

Part A

Directions:

In the following article,some sentences have been removed.For Questions41—45,choose the most suitable one from the list A—G to fit into each of the numbered blanks.There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps.Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(10points)

The first two stages in the development of civilized man were probably the invention of primitive weapons and the discovery of fire, although nobody knows exactly when he acquired the use of the latter.

1)______________________Animals have a few cries that serve as signals,but even the highest apes have not been found able to pronounce words,even with the most intensive professional Geng duo yuan xiao wan zheng kao bo ying yu zhen ti ji qi jie xi qing lian xi quan guo mian fei zi xun dian hua:si ling ling liu liu ba liu jiu qi ba,huo jia zi xun qq:qi qi er liu qi ba wu san qi instruction. The superior brain of man is apparently a necessity for the mastering of speech.When man became sufficiently intelligent,we must suppose that he gradually increased the number of cries for different purposes. It was a great day when he discovered that speech could be used for narrative.There are those who think that in this respect picture language preceded oral language.A man could draw a picture on the wall of his cave to show in which direction he had gone,or what prey

he hoped to catch.2)_________________________

Two important stages came not so long before the dawn of written history.The first was the domestication of animals;the second was agriculture.Agriculture made possible an immense increase in the number of the human species in the regions where it could be successfully practiced.3)___________________________

4)______________________________

These inventions and discoveries—fire,speech,weapons domestic animals,agriculture,and writing—made the existence of civilized communities possible.From about3000B.C.until the beginning of the Industrial Revolution less than two hundred years ago there was no technical advance comparable to these.During this long period man had time to become accustomed to his technique,and to develop the beliefs and political organizations appropriate to it.There was,of course,an immense extension in the area of civilized life.At first it had been confined to the Nile,the Euphrates,the Tigris,and the Indus,but at the end of the period in question it covered much the greatest part of the inhabitable globe.I do not mean to suggest that there was no technical progress during the time.

5)______________________(512words)

Notes:ape猿。pastoral nomad田园式的游牧部落的人。the Euphrates幼发拉底河。the Tigris底格里斯河。the Indus印度河。in question所谈的(在名词后作后置定语)。

[A]Probably picture language and oral language developed side

by side.I am inclined to think that language has been the most important single factor in the development of man.

[B]Another fundamental technical advance was writing,which, like spoken language,developed out of pictures,but as soon as it had reached a certain stage,it was possible to keep records and transmit information to people who were not present when the information was given.

[C]With the development of civilization,primitive people who lived in caves at that time badly needed a language,which would help them to communicate with one another.

[D]The origin of language is also obscure.No doubt it began very gradually.

[E]In fact,there was progress—there were even two inventions of very great importance,namely,gunpowder and the mariner's compass —but neither of these can be compared in their revolutionary power to such things as speech and writing and agriculture.

[F]These were,at first,only those in which nature fertilized the soil after each harvest.Agriculture met with violent resistance from the pastoral nomads,but the agricultural way of life prevailed in the end because of the physical comforts it provided.

[G]But industry was a step in human progress to which subsequently there was nothing comparable until our own machine age.

Part B

Directions:

Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10points)

Our daily existence is divided into two phases,as distinct as day and night.We call them work and play.We work many hours a day and we allow the necessary minimum for such activities as eating and shopping.1)The rest we spend in various activities which are known as recreations,an elegant word which disguises the fact that we usually do not even play in our hours of leisure,but spend them in various forms of passive enjoyment or entertainment.

We need to make,therefore,a hard-and-fast distinction not only between work and play but,equally,between active play and passive entertainment.

2)It is,I suppose,the decline of active play—of amateur sport —and the enormous growth of purely receptive entertainment which have given rise to a sociological interest in the problem.If the greater part of the population,instead of indulging in sport,spend their hours of leisure“viewing”television programs,there will inevitably be a decline in health and physique.In addition,we have yet to trace the mental and moral consequences of prolonged diet of sentimental or sensational spectacles on the screen.3)There is,if we are optimistic,the possibility that the diet is too thin and unnourishing to have much permanent effect on anybody.Nine films out of ten seem to leave absolutely no impression on the mind or

imagination of those who have seen them.

4)It is only when entertainment is active,participated in, practiced,that it can properly be called play,and as such it is a natural use of leisure.In that sense play stands in contrast to work, and is usually regarded as an activity that alternates with work.

Work itself is not a single concept.We say quite generally that we work in order to make a living.Some of us work physically,tilling the land,minding the machines,digging the coal;others work mentally, keeping accounts,inventing machines,teaching and preaching, managing and governing.

5)There does not seem to be any factor common to all these diverse occupations,except that they consume our time,and leave us little leisure.(356words)

本文由“育明考博”整理编辑

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3、将找到的词、词组或句子的意思代入替换该指代词，看其意思是否通顺 4、将找到的词、词组或句子与四个选项进行比较，找出答案。 【第三篇：词汇题】“搜索代入”法 1、返回原文，找出该词汇出现的地方 2、确定该词汇的词性 3、从上下文(词汇的前后几句)中找到与所给词汇具有相同词性的词(如一下子找不到就再往上往下找)，代入所给词汇在文章中的位置(将之替换)看语义是否合适 4、找出选项中与代替词意思相同或相近的选相，即答案 注意：a.如果该词汇是简单词汇，则其字面意思必然不是正确答案。 b.考博英语阅读不是考察字认识不认识，而是考察是否能根据上下文作出正确的判断。 c.词汇题的正确答案经常蕴藏在原文该词汇出现的附近。注意不能靠单词词义直接往下推。 d.寻找时要注意同位语、特殊标点(比如分号，分号前后两句话的逻辑关系不是形式上的并列就是语义上的并列，也就是两句话的意思相同，所以可用其中一句话的意思来推测另一句话的意思从而推出所给词汇含义)、定语从句、前后缀，特别要注意寻找时的同性原则。比如：让猜一个名词词组(动词词组)的意思，我们就向上向下搜索名词词组(动词词组)。

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