化工专业英文词汇
化学专业课程中英文对照
普通化学General Chemistry
分析化学Analytical Chemistry
有机化学Organic Chemistry
物理化学Physical Chemistry
谱学导论Introducton of Spectroscopy
无机化学Inorganic Chemistry
普通化学和分析化学实验Experiments of General and Analytical Chemistry
现在基础化学The Principle of Mordern Chemistry
现在基础化学实验Experiments of Modern Fundamental Chemistry
有机化学实验Experiments of Organic Chemistry
仪器分析和物理化学实验Experiments of Instrumental Analysis and Physical Chemistry
合成化学实验Experiments of Synthetic Chemistry
现代化学专题Topic of Modern Chemistry
化学综合实验Experiments of Comprehensive Chemistry
化工原理Principle of Chemical Engineering
化工原理实验Experiments of Chemical Engineering
应用化学实验Experiments of Applied Chemistry
无机合成化学Synthetic Inorganic Chemistry
近代分析化学Modern Analytical Chemistry
分离分析化学Separation Analytical Chemistry
有机化合物波谱鉴定Spectrum Identification of Organic Compounds
有机合成及反应机理Organic Synthesis and Mechanics
化学进展Progress in Chemistry
化学反应工程Chemical Reaction Engineering
应用电化学Applied Electrochemistry
工业催化Industrial Catalysis
环境化学Environmental Chemistry
环境监测Environmental Monitoring
化学科技英语Scientific English for Chemistry
数理方法在化学中的应用Mathematical Statistics for Chemistry
化工制图Chemical Engineering Cartography
计算机与化学测量实验Computer and Chemical Measurement
化学信息学Chemoinformatics or Chemical Informatics
应用化学专题Special Topics in Applied Chemistry
化工装置常用词汇1
一概论 introduction
方案(建议书) proposal
可行性研究 feasibility study
方案设计 concept design
工艺设计 process design
基础设计 basic design
详细设计 detail design
开工会议 kick-off meeting
审核会议 review meeting
外商投资 foreign investment
中外合资 joint venture
中外合营 joint venture
补偿贸易 compensation trade
合同合同附件 contract
卖方 vendor
买方 buyer
顾客 client
承包商 contractor
工程公司 company
供应范围 scope of supply
生产范围 production scope
生产能力 production capacity
项目 project
界区 battery limit
装置 plant
公用工程 utilities
工艺流程图 process flow diagram
工艺流程方块图 process block diagram
管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument drawing
物料及热量平衡图 mass & heat balance diagram
蒸汽及冷凝水平衡图 steam & condensate balance diagram 设备布置图 equipment layout
设备表 equipment list
成品(产品) product(final product)
副产品 by-product
原料 raw-material
设计基础数据 basic data for design
技术数据 technical data
数据表 data sheet
设计文件 design document
设计规定 design regulation
现场服务 site service
项目变更 project change
用户变更 client change
消耗定额 consumption quota
技术转让 technical transfer
技术知识 technical know-how
technical knowledge
技术保证 technical guarantee
咨询服务 consultative services
技术服务 technical services
工作地点 location
施工现场 construction field
报价 quotation
标书 bidding book
公司利润 company profit
固定价合同 fixed price contract
固定单价合同 fixed unit price contract
成本加酬金合同 cost plus award fee contract 定金 mobilization
银行保证书 bank guarantee letter
保留金 retention
所得税 income taxes
特别承包人税 special contractor's taxes
城市和市政税 city and municipal taxes
工作手册 work manual
工作流程图 work flow diagram
质量保证程序 QA/QC procedures
采购计划 procurement plan
施工计划 construction plan
施工进度 construction schedule
项目实施计划 project execution plan
项目协调程序 project coordination procedure 项目总进度计划 project master schedule
设计网络计划 engineering network logic
项目质量保证 project quality assurance
项目质量控制 project quality control
采购 procurement
采购周期 procurement period
会签 the squad check
计算书 calculation sheets
询价 inquiry
检验 inspection
运输 transportation
开车 start up / commission
验收 inspection & acceptance
校核 check
审核 review
审定 approve
版次 version
部门 department
专业 specialty
项目号 project number
图号 drawing number
目录 contents
序言 foreword
章 chapter
节 section
项 item
MR material requisition
SPEC engineering specification
DATA SHEET（技术表） technical data sheet
TBA(技术评标） technical bid analysis
PDP preliminary design package
PM (项目经理) project manager
LDE(专业负责人) lead discipline engineer
MRQ(材料询价单) Material requisition for quotation
MRP(材料采购单) material requisition for purchase
BEP(基础工程设计包) basic engineering package
P&ID(管道及仪表流程图) piping and instrument drawing(diagram) PFD process flow diagram
NNF normally no flow
FO failure open
FC failure close
C/S/A civil/structure/architecture
DDP（详细设计阶段） detail design phase
二. 工艺流程
连续过程 continuous process
间歇过程 batch process
工艺叙述 process description
工艺特点 process feature
操作 operation
反应 reaction
副反应 side reaction
絮凝 flocculation
浮洗 flotation
倾析 decantation
催化反应 catalytical reaction
萃取 extraction
中和 neutralization
水解 hydrolysis
过滤 filtration
干燥 drying
还原 reduction
氧化 oxidation
氢化 hydrogenation
分解 decomposition
离解 dissociation
合成 synthetics
吸收 absorption
吸附 adsorption
解吸 desorption
结晶 crystallization
溶解 solution
调节 modulate
控制 control
悬浮 suspension
循环 circulation
再生 regeneration
再活化 reactivation
沥取 leaching
破碎 crushing
煅烧 caloination
沉降 sedimentation
沉淀 precipitation
气化 gasification
冷冻 refrigeration
固化、结晶 solidification 包装 package
升华 sublimation
燃烧 combustion
引烧 ignition
蒸馏 distillation
碳化 carbonization
压缩 compression
三、化学物质及特性
固体 solid
液体 liquid
气体 gas
化合物 compound
混合物 mixture
粉 powder
片状粉未 flake
小粒 granule
结晶 crystal
乳化物 emulsion
氧化物 oxidizing agent 还原剂 reducing agent
有机物 organic material 真空 vacuum
母液 master liquor
富液 rich liquor
贫液 lean liquor
萃出物 extract
萃余物 raffinate
絮凝剂 flocculants
冷冻盐水 brine
酸度 acidity
浓度 concentration
碱度 alkalinity
溶解度 solubility
凝固点 solidificalion point
沸点 boiling point
熔点 melting point
蒸发率 evaporation rate
粘度 viscosity
吸水的 water absorbent(a)
无水的 anhydrous(a)
外观 appearance
无色的 colorless(a)
透明的 transparent(a)
半透明的 translucent
密度 density
比重 specific gravity
催化剂 catalyst
燃烧 combustion
引燃 ignition
自然点 self-ignition temperature
可燃气体 combustible gas
可燃液体 inflammable liquid
易燃液体 volatile liquid
爆炸混合物 explosive mixture
爆炸性环境 explosive atmosphere(environment) 爆炸极限 explosive concentration limit
废水 waste water
废液 waste liquid
废气 off-gas
噪声 noise pollution
成分 composition
挠度 deflection
力和力矩 force and moment
弯矩 bending moment
应力-应变曲线 stress-strain diagram
百分比 percentage
环境温度 ambient temperature
工作温度 operating
设计温度 design temperature(pressure)
相对湿度 RH=relative humidity
油渣、淤泥 sludge
杂质 impurity
四、化工设备
泵 pump
轴流泵 axial flow pump
真空泵 vacuum pump
屏蔽泵 canned pump
柱塞泵 plunger pump
涡轮泵 turbine pump
涡流泵 vortex pump
离心泵 centrifugal pump
喷射泵 jet pump
转子泵 rotary pump
管道泵 inline pump
双作用往复泵 double action reciprocating pump
计量泵 metering pump
深井泵 deep well pump
齿轮泵 gear pump
手摇泵 hand(wobble) pump
螺杆泵 screw (spiral) pump
潜水泵 submersible pump
斜转子泵 inclined rotor pump
封闭式电磁泵 hermetically sealed magnetic drive pump 气升泵 air-lift-pump
轴承 bearing
叶轮 impeller
虹吸管 siphon
高压容器 high pressure vessel
焚化炉 incinerator
火焰清除器 flame arrester
工业炉 furnace
烧嘴 burner
锅炉 boiler
回转窑 rotary kiln
加热器 heater
电加热器 electric heater
冷却器 cooler
冷凝器 condenser
换热器 heat exchanger
反应器 reactor
蒸馏釜 still
搅拌器 agitator
混合器 mixer
静态混合器 static mixers
管道混合器 line mixers
混合槽 mixing tanks
破碎机 crusher
磨碎机 grinder
研磨机 pulverizer
球磨机 ballmill
过滤器 filter
分离器 separator
干燥器 drier
翅片 fins
烟囱 stack
火炬 flare
筛子 screen
煅烧窑 calciner
倾析器 decanter
蒸发器 evaporator
再沸器 reboiler
萃取器 extractor
离心机 centrifuger
吸附（收）器 adsorber
结晶器 crystallizer
电解槽 electrolyzer
电除尘器 electric precipitator
洗涤器 scrubber
消石灰器 slaker
料仓 bin
料斗 hopper
加料器 feeder
增稠器 thickener
澄清器 clarifier
分级器 classifier
浮洗器 flocculator
废液池 sump
喷射器 ejector
喷头 sprayer
成套设备 package unit
仪器设备 apparatus
附属设备 accessory
旋转式压缩机 rotary compressor
往复式压缩机 reciprocating compressor
水环式压缩机 nash compressor
螺杆式压缩机 helical screw compressor
离心式压缩机 centrifugal compressor
多级压缩机 mutiple stages compressor
固定床反应器 fixed bed reactor
流化床反应器 fluidized bed reactor
管式反应器 tubular reactor
列管式换热器 tubular heat exchanger
螺旋板式换热器 spiral plate heat exchanger 萃取塔 extraction column
板式塔 plate column
填料塔 packed column
洗涤塔 scrubber
吸收塔 absorber
冷却塔 cooling tower
精馏塔 fractionating tower
汽提塔 stripper
再生塔 regenerator
造粒塔 prill tower
塔附件 tower accessories
液体分配（布）器 liquid distributor
填料支持板 support plate
定距管 spacer
降液管 downcomer
升气管 chimney
顶(底)层塔盘 top (bottom) tray
挡板 baffle
抽出口 draw nozzle
溢流堰 weir
泡罩 bubble cap
筛板 sieve plate
浮阀 float valve
除沫器 demister pad
塔裙座 skirt
椭圆封头 elliptical head
高位槽 head tank
中间槽 intermediate tank
加料槽 feed tank
补给槽 make-up tank
计量槽 measuring tank
电解槽 cell
溜槽 chute
收集槽 collecting tank
液滴分离器 knockout drum
稀释罐 thinning tank
缓冲罐 surge drum
回流罐 reflux drum
闪蒸罐 flash drum
浮顶罐 floating roof tank
内浮顶罐 covered floating roof tank
球罐 spheroid
气柜 gas holder
湿式气柜 wet gas-holder
干式气柜 dry gas-holder
螺旋式气柜 helical gas-holder
星型放料器,旋转阀 rotary valve
抽滤器 mutche filter
压滤器 filter press
压滤机 pressure filter
板框压滤器 plate-and-fram filter press
转鼓过滤器 rotary drum filter
带式过滤器 belt filter
翻盘式过滤器
袋滤器 bag filter
旋风分离器 cyclone separator
盘式干燥箱 compartment tray drier
真空干燥器 vacuum drier
隧道式干燥器 tunnel drier
回转干燥器 rotary drier
穿流循环干燥器 through circulation drier 喷雾干燥器 spray drier
气流干燥器 pneumatic conveyor drier
圆盘式加料器 dish feeder
螺旋式加料器 screw feeder
颚式破碎机 jaw crusher
回转破碎机 gyratory crusher
滚洞破碎机 roll crusher
锤式破碎机 hammer crusher
冲击破碎机 rotor impact breaker
气流喷射粉碎机 jet pulverizer
棍磨机 rod mill
雷蒙机 raymond mill
锤磨机 hammer mill
辊磨机 roller mill
振动筛 vibrating screen
回转筛 rotary screen
风机 fan
罗茨鼓风机 root's blower
起重机 crane
桥式起重机 bridge crane
电动葫芦 motor hoist
发电机 generator
电动机 motor
汽轮机 steam turbine
五、管道工程 piping engineering
1 阀门 valve
阀杆 stem
内螺纹阀杆 inside screw
阀座 valve seat (body seat)
阀座环、密封圈 sealing ring
阀芯(包括密封圈,杆等) trim
阀盘 disc
阀体 body
阀盖 bonnet
手轮 hand wheel
手柄 hand level (handle)
压盖 gland
闸阀 gate valve
平行双闸板 double disc parallel seat
楔形单闸板 split wedge
截止阀 globe valve
节流阀 throttle valve
针阀 needle valve
角阀(角式截止阀) angle valve
Y型阀(截止阀) Y-valve(Y-body globe valve)
球阀 ball valve
三通球阀 3-way ball valve
蝶阀 butterfly valve
对夹式(薄片型) wafer type
偏心阀板蝶阀 offset disc (eccentric) butterfly valve 斜阀盘蝶阀 canted disc butterfly valve
连杆式蝶阀 link butterfly valve
止回式蝶阀 combined non-return butterfly valve
柱塞阀 piston type valve
旋塞阀 plug valve
三通旋塞阀 three-way plug valve
四通旋塞阀 four-way plug valve
旋塞 cock
衬套旋塞 sleeve cock
隔膜阀 diaphragm valve
橡胶衬里隔膜阀 rubber lined diaphragm valve
直通式隔膜阀 straight way diaphragm valve
夹紧式胶管阀 pinch valve
止回阀 check valve
升降式止回阀 lift check valve
旋启式止回阀 swing check valve
落球式止回阀 ball check valve
弹簧球式止回阀 spring ball check valve
底阀 foot valve
切断式止回阀 stop check valve
活塞式止回阀 piston check valve
翻板止回阀 flap check valve
蝶式止回阀 butterfly check valve
安全泄气阀 safety[SV]
安全泄放阀 relief valve[RV]
安全泄压阀 safety relief valve
杠杆重锤式 lever and weight type
罐底排污阀 flush-bottom tank valve
波纹管密封阀 bellow sealed valve
电磁阀 solenoid (operated) valve
电动阀 electrically(electric-motor)operated valve
气动阀 pneumatic operated valve
低温用阀 cryogenic service valve
蒸汽疏水阀 steam trap
机械式疏水阀 mechanical trap
浮桶式疏水阀 open (top) bucket trap
浮球式疏水阀 float trap
倒吊桶式疏水阀 inverted bucket trap
自由浮球式疏水阀 loose float trap
恒温式疏水阀 thermostatic trap
压力平衡式恒温疏水阀 balanced pressure thermostatic trap 热动力式疏水阀 thermodynamic trap
脉冲式蒸汽疏水阀 impulse steam trap
放汽阀(自动放汽阀) (automatic) air vent valve
换向阀 diverting (reversing) valve
呼吸阀 breather valve
减压阀 pressure reducing valve
控制阀 control valve
执行机构 actuator
差压调节阀 differential pressure regulating valve
切断阀 block (shut-off, stop) valve
调节阀 regulating valve
快开阀 quick opening valve
快闭阀 quick closing valve
隔断阀 isolating valve
三通阀 three way valve
夹套阀 jacketed valve
非旋转式阀 non-rotary valve
2管子,管件,法兰
管子 pipe(按标准制造的配管用管)
tube(不按标准规格制造的其它用管)
钢管 steel pipe
铸铁管 cast iron pipe
衬里管 lined pipe
复合管 clad pipe
碳钢管 carbon steel[C.S.]pipe
合金钢管 alloy steel pipe
不锈钢管 stainless steel[S.S.]pipe
奥氏体不锈钢管 austenitic stainless steel pipe
铁合金钢管 ferritic alloy steel pipe
轧制钢管 wrought-steel pipe
锻铁管 wrought-iron pipe
无缝钢管 seamless[SMLS] steel pipe
焊接钢管 welded steel pipe
电阻焊钢管 electric-resistance-welded steel pipe
电熔(弧)焊钢板卷管 electric-fusion(arc)-welded steel-plate pipe 螺旋焊接钢管 spiral welded steel pipe
镀锌钢管 galvanized steel pipe
排污阀 blowdown valve
集液排放阀 drip valve
排液阀 drain valve
放空阀 vent valve
卸载阀 unloading valve
排出阀 discharge valve
吸入阀 suction valve
取样阀 sampling valve
手动阀 hand operated(manually-operated) valve
(水)龙头 bibb;bib;faucet
抽出液阀(小阀) bleed valve
旁路阀 by-pass valve
软管阀 hose valve
混合阀 mixing valve
破真空阀 vacuum breaker
冲洗阀 flush valve
根部阀 root (primary, header) valve
水煤气钢管 water-gas steel pipe
塑料管 plastic pipe
玻璃管 glass tube
橡胶管 rubber tube
壁厚 wall thickness[WT]
壁厚系列号 schedule number[SCH.NO.]
加厚的,加强的 extra heavy (strong)
双倍加厚的,双倍加强的 double extra heavy (strong) 弯头 elbow
异径弯头 reducing elbow
长半径弯头 long radius elbow
短半径弯头 short radius elbow
长半径180°弯头 long radius return
短半径180°弯头 short radius return
三通 tee
异径三通 reducing tee
等径三通 straight tee
带支座三通 base tee
45°斜三通 45°lateral
Y型三通 true"Y"
四通 cross
异径管 reducer
同心异径管 concentric reducer
偏心异径管 eccentric reducer
管接头 coupling;full coupling
活接头 union
短管 nipple
预制弯管 fabricated pipe bend
U型弯管 "U"bend
法兰端 flanged end
万向接头 universal joint
对焊的 butt welded[BW]
螺纹的 threaded[THD]
承插焊的 socket welded[SW]
法兰 flange[FLG]
整体管法兰 integral pipe flange
钢管法兰 steel pipe flange
螺纹法兰 threaded flange
滑套法兰 slip-on flange
平焊法兰 slip-on-welding flange
承插焊法兰 socket welding flange
松套法兰 lap joint flange[LJF]
对焊法兰 weld neck flange[WNF]
法兰盖 blind flange;blind
异径法兰 reducing flange
压力级 pressure rating(class)
突面 raised face[RF]
凸面 male face
凹面 female face
全平面;满平面 flat face;full face[FF]
3.管道特殊件 piping speciality
粗滤器 strainer
过滤器 filter
临时过滤器 temporary strainer(cone type) Y型过滤器 Y-type strainer
T型过滤器 T-type strainer
永久过滤器 permanent filter
洗眼器及淋浴器 eye washer and shower 视镜 sight glass
阻火器 flame arrester
喷咀;喷头 spray nozzle
喷射器 ejector
取样冷却器 sample cooler
消音器 silencer
膨胀节 expansion joint
波纹膨胀节 bellow
补偿器 compensator
软管接头 hose connection[HC]
快速接头 quick coupling
金属软管 metal hose
橡胶管 rubber hose
挠性管 flexible tube
特殊法兰 special flange
漏斗 funnel
8字盲板 spectacle (figure 8) blind
爆破板 rupture disk
4,其它材料
碳素钢 carbon steel [C.S.]
不锈钢 stainless steel[S.S.]
铸铁 cast iron[C.I.]
铝 aluminum
铜,紫铜 copper
钛 titanium
抗拉强度 tensile strength
非金属材料 non-metallic material
塑料 plastic
陶瓷 ceramic
搪瓷 porcelain enamel
玻璃 glass
橡胶 rubber
垫片 gasket[GSKT]
平垫片 flat gasket
填料 packing
型钢 shaped steel
角钢 angle steel
槽钢 channel
工字钢 I-beam
宽缘工字钢或H钢 wide flanged beam
扁钢 flat bar
圆钢 round steel; rod
钢带 strap steel
网络钢板 checkered plate
材料表 bill of material[BOM]
材料统计 material take-off[MTO]
散装材料 bulk material
综合管道材料表 consolidated piping material summary sheet[CPMSS]
汇总表 summary sheet
5.设备布置及管道设计
中心线 center line
装置边界 boundary limit[BL]
区界 area limit
设备布置 equipment arrangement (layout);plot plan
标高,立面 elevation[EL]
支撑点 point of support[POS]
工厂北向 plant north
方位 orientation
危险区 hazardous area classification
净正吸入压头 net positive suction head
绝对标高 absolute elevation
坐标 coordinate
管道研究 piping study
管道布置平面 piping arrangement plan[PAP]
管道布置 piping assembly; layout
详图 detail
"X"视图 view "X"
"A-A" 剖视 section "A-A"
轴测图 isometric drawing
索引图 key plan
管道及仪表流程图 piping and instrument diagram[P&ID]
管口表 list of nozzles
地上管道 above ground piping 地下管道 under ground piping 管线号 line number
总管 header; manifold
旁路 by pass
常开 normally open
常闭 normally closed
取样接口 sampling connection 伴热管 tracing pipe
蒸汽伴热 steam tracing
热水伴热 hot-water tracing
电伴热 electrical tracing
夹套管 jacketed line
全夹套管 full jacketed
比例 scale
图 figure
草图 sketch
图例 legend
符号 symbol
件号 part n
非常实用的法律词汇(中英对照)
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. 案件case 案件发回remand/rimit a case （to a low court） 案件名称title of a case 案卷材料materials in the case 案情陈述书statement of case 案外人person other than involved in the case 案值total value involved in the case 败诉方losing party 办案人员personnel handling a case 保全措施申请书application for protective measures 报案report a case （to security authorities） 被告defendant; the accused 被告人最后陈述final statement of the accused 被告向原告第二次答辩rejoinder 被害人victim 被害人的诉讼代理人victim's agent ad litem 被上诉人respondent; the appellee 被申请人respondent 被申请执行人party against whom execution is filed 被执行人person subject to enforcement 本诉principal action 必要共同诉讼人party in necessary co-litigation 变通管辖jurisdiction by accord 辩护defense 辩护律师defense attorney/lawyer 辩护人defender 辩护证据exculpatory evidence; defense evidence 辩论阶段stage of court debate 驳回反诉dismiss a counterclaim; reject a counterclaim 驳回请求deny/dismiss a motion 驳回上诉、维持原判reject/dismiss the appeal and sustain the original judgement/ruling 驳回诉讼dismiss an action/suit 驳回通知书notice of dismissal 驳回自诉dismiss/reject a private prosecution 驳回自诉裁定书ruling of dismissing private-prosecuting case 补充答辩supplementary answer 补充判决supplementary judgement 补充侦查supplementary investigation 不公开审理trial in camera 不立案决定书written decision of no case-filing
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法律渊源s o u r c e o f l a w 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
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t h e i e 法律英语 法律渊源 source of law 制定法 statute 判例法 case law; precedent 普通法 common law 特别法 special law 固有法 native law; indigenous law 继受法 adopted law 实体法 substantial law 程序法 procedural law 原则法 fundamental law 例外法 exception law 司法解释 judicial interpretation 习惯法 customary law 公序良俗 public order and moral 自然法 natural law 罗马法 Roman Law 私法 private law 公法 public law 市民法 jus civile 万民法 jus gentium 民法法系 civil law system 英美法系 system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系 civil law system 普通法 common law 大陆法 continental law 罗马法系 Roman law system 衡平法 equity; law of equity 日尔曼法 Germantic law 教会法 ecclesiastical law 寺院法 canon law 伊斯兰法 Islamic law 民法法律规范 norm of civil law 授权规范 authorization norm 禁止规范 forbidding norm 义务性规范 obligatory norm 命令性规范 commanding norm 民法基本原则 fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则 principle of equality 自愿原则 principle of free will 公平原则 principle of justice 等价有偿原则 principle of equal value exchange
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法律渊源source of law 制定法statute 判例法case law; precedent 普通法common law 特别法special law 固有法native law; indigenous law 继受法adopted law 实体法substantial law 程序法procedural law 原则法fundamental law 例外法exception law 司法解释judicial interpretation 习惯法customary law 公序良俗public order and moral 自然法natural law 罗马法Roman Law 私法private law 公法public law 市民法jus civile 万民法jus gentium 民法法系civil law system 英美法系system of Anglo-American law 大陆法系civil law system 普通法common law 大陆法continental law 罗马法系Roman law system 衡平法equity; law of equity 日尔曼法Germantic law 教会法ecclesiastical law 寺院法canon law 伊斯兰法Islamic law 民法法律规范norm of civil law 授权规范authorization norm 禁止规范forbidding norm 义务性规范obligatory norm 命令性规范commanding norm 民法基本原则fundamental principles of civil law 平等原则principle of equality 自愿原则principle of free will 公平原则principle of justice 等价有偿原则principle of equal value exchange 诚实信用原则principle of good faith 行为act 作为ac 不作为omission 合法行为lawful act 违法行为unlawful act 民事权利权利能力civil right 绝对权absolute right 相对权relative right 优先权right of priority 先买权preemption 原权antecedent right 救济权right of relief 支配权right of dominion 请求权right of claim 物上请求权right of claim for real thing 形成权right of formation 撤销权right of claiming cancellation
法律英语词汇大全
第一、按照法律的原意，理解法律英语 中国法律理论与普通法有很大不同，加之中国的法律有待更进一步完善，因此，有一部分英文的法律名词和术语，很难在中文里找到与此相对应的确切的词汇。如"unjust enrichment"可直译为“不当得利”，但其法律含义却比《民法通则》中的“不当得利”宽泛得多，不但包含了《民法通则》中的92条“不当得利”、93条“无因管理”的情况，而且还有违反信托义务（fiduciary duty）和侵犯他人知识产权所取得的利益。另外，agreement 和contract，可以翻译为“协议”和“合同”，在中国法律中，似乎没有什么区别。但是，根据普通法规定，有要约和承诺，便是一个agreement，而agreement只有在采取书面形式（deed）或有对价（consideration）支持的情况下，才能成为contract，具有法律效力。这样的例子，不胜枚举。所以，一定要按照法律的原意，理解英文。不可望文生义，生搬硬套。 第二、遵循法律的学习规律，学习法律英语 中国法律英语的学习者，难以深入的一个重要原因，就是没有按照这一规律，按部就班地学习法律，在一些基本概念和分类都没有搞清楚的情况下，就开始盲目自修。与任何学问和手艺一样，法律有其自身的由浅入深、从易到难的学习规律。英美法学院均设有核心课程（core subjects），学生必须先行完成核心课程，才可以修其他法律部类。我个人认为，“开卷有益”不适合法律英语的学习。只有当掌握了法律基础之后，才是开卷有益，否则，只能造成理解上的艰难和混乱。 第三、英语的难易与法律的难易 在澳洲留学期间，我发现关于刑法的书，读得比较通畅，语言障碍也少；而财产法却艰涩、难懂，念起来非常吃力。而本国学生就没有这样难易差距的感受。我想原因在于，西方的刑法理论，与中国相似；我在大学期间，刑法又学得很好。由于对法律本身熟悉，所以，觉得刑法英语很容易理解和掌握。相反，澳大利亚的财产法是继承英国的传统，诸如财产权的相对性、衡平法产权等等理论，在国内，从未接触过。由于对法律原则的陌生，导致阅读的吃力。所以，英语本身无难易，难易取决于法律本身。对法律原则的理解越深、越透，表述法律的英语，就越简单、易解。 第四、英语的不通源于法律的不通 在做法律翻译时，翻译过很多英文合同，经常会涉及到某某条款是"condition"或"warranty"，当时就直译为“条件”或“保证”，仅知道“条件”是合同的重要条款，“保证”是非重要条款，但这又有什么区别呢？学了普通法才理解，这种区别的法律意义在于违约后的法律后果不同：违反condition，守约方有权终止合同，同时要求损害赔偿；但违反warranty，守约方虽然有权要求损害赔偿，但必须继续履行合同，否则，也是违约。
大学生活_英语作文
我的大学生活英语作文 The bright and dark sides of my university life Every coin has two sides. On the one hand, I am quite satisfied with my university life. On the other hand, life in my university is not as satisfactory as what we had expected. Here is the bright side of my university life: Firstly, Equipment of my university is advanced and teacher team is powerful. There is an advanced library that owns all kinds of books. So we can acquire a lot of knowledge from my university. Secondly, all sorts of lectures are given on campus. We can learn much knowledge that is interesting. Thirdly, my campus activities are rich and colorful. Such as sports meets, speech contests, different social gatherings and dancing parties provide opportunities to make friends. What’s more, my dormitory life is very harmonious. Dormitory life is an important part of my university life. On the one hand, we can have a good rest and put our heart into study. On the other hand, we will have a good mood and enjoy being together. This is the dark side of my university life: Firstly, there is only one dining room in my university. So we often need to wait in a long line, which waste much time. Everyday is always fixed cuisine types, which make our appetites depressed. Secondly, self-study room is not enough. Now we will soon take final exam. So it is difficult to find a self-study room. What’s more, network of my university is very unstable. It is difficult to search literature in my dormitory, which waste too much time.In short, I am quite satisfied with my university life, but there is still some room for improvement. I am convinced that my university life will become better and better. 每个硬币都有两面。一方面，我很满意我的大学生活。另一方面，生活在我的大学是不满意作为我们所期望的。 这是光明的一面：首先我的大学生活，我的大学先进设备和师资队伍强大。有一个先进的图书馆，拥有各类图书。所以我们可以获得很多知识，我的大学。其次，各种讲座在校园。我们可以学到很多知识，有趣的是。第三，我的校园生活丰富多彩。如运动会，演讲比赛，不同的社交聚会和舞蹈各方提供机会交朋友。更重要的是，我的宿舍生活是非常和谐。宿舍生活是非常重要的我的大学生活。一方面，我们可以有一个良好的休息，我们的心投入研究。另一方面，我们将有一个好心情，享受在一起。 这是黑暗的一面，我的大学生活：首先，只存在一个餐厅在我的大学。所以我们经常需要等待很长的线，它浪费时间。每天总是固定菜肴类型，这使我们的欲望压抑。其次，自习室是不够的。现在我们将很快采取最后的考试。所以很难找到一个自习室。更重要的是，我的大学是非常不稳定的网络。很难搜索文学在我的宿舍，浪费太多时间。总之，我很满意我的大学生活，但仍有改进的空间。我相信，我的大学生活会变得更加美好。 In my understanding, if we refer to an ideal college life as a formal western dinner, then a high GPA, that is, Grade Point Average, should be the main course, while an active part in
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appellant 上诉人 appellee 被上诉人 appropriate 永久占有 arrest the judgement 暂时终止法院判决结果 arraignment 刑事案件法官与当事人之间安排案件的程序assigned counsel 公设辩护人 assumpsit 承诺履行 bailment 寄托制度 bail 保释 beyond the reasonable doubt 超越合理的怀疑 bill of Middlesex 早期诉讼当事人向国王秘书处申请的令状，同意发给后才能到 国王法院进行诉讼 bailliff 法庭内的法警 bias 偏见 bench of conference 到法官室或法官面前进行会议 bond 提供担保 burden of proof 举证责任 from：http://www./classroom/flyy/
常见常用专利及申请相关词汇--中英文对照
常见常用专利及申请相关词汇--中英文对照 abandonment of a patent 放弃专利权 abandonment of a patent application 放弃专利申请 abridgment 文摘 abstract 文摘(摘要) abuse of patent 滥用专利权 action for infringement of patent 专利侵权诉讼 action of a patent 专利诉讼 address for service 文件送达地址 affidavit 誓书 allowance 准许 amendment 修改 annual fee 年费 annuity 年费 anticipation 占先 appeal 上诉 appellation of origin 原产地名称 applicant for patent 专利申请人 application date 申请日期 application documents 申请案文件 application fee 申请费 application for patent 专利申请(案) application laying open for public inspection 公开供公众审查的申请 application number 申请号 application papers 申请案文件 arbitration 仲裁 art 技术 article of manufacture 制品 assignee 受让人 assignment 转让 assignor 转让人 author of the invention 发明人 author's certificate 发明人证书 basic patent 基本专利 Berne Convention 伯尔尼公约 Berne Union 伯尔尼联盟 best mode 最佳方式 bibliographic data 著录资料 BIRPI 保护知识产权联合国国际局 board of appeals 申诉委员会 breach of confidence 泄密 Budapest Treaty on the International Recognition of the Deposit of Microorganisms for the