语法专项复习(冠词和数词)

高三英语复习

冠词和数词

冠词是一种辅助性的词，不可在句中独立担任一个成分。放在名词前，帮助说明名词的含义，使用极为频繁。冠词有不定冠词（a, an）和定冠词（the）两种。a和an的基本含义是―一，一个‖，表示泛指，不强调数目，只表示名词不是特定的；the 的基本含义是―这个，那个‖，表示特指，在可数的单复数名词或不可数名词前面都可以用。冠词本身是虚词，没有意义，同时也没有词义，它用在名词的前面，帮助指明名词的含义数词可分为基数词（Cardinal Numbers）和序数词（Ordinal Numbers）两种。前者表示数量，后者表示顺序。

高考重点要求：

一、冠词

1、不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词的基本用法

2、不定冠词和定冠词的位置

3、冠词常见的习惯搭配用法

二、数词

1、掌握基数词、序数词构成

2、掌握基数词、序数词的基本用法

3、基数词、序数词在表示倍数、百分数、年、月、日等的基本用法

第一节知识点扫描

一、冠词

（一）不定冠词

不定冠词用a还是an由后面一个词的首音决定。以元音开头的词前用an，以辅音开头的词前用a。例如：

辅音开头：a tree, a university, a house, a European country, a one-eyed man

元音开头：an apple, an umbrella, an hour, an elephant, an opera 值得注意的是：

1．如果不定冠词后面第一个词以辅音音素开头就用a。例如university, useless, useful, unit, uniform; 以元音音素开头用an .例如:an uncle , an apple 。

2．如果不定冠词后面第一个词以不发音的h开头，而h后面第一个音的音素是元音因素，就用an。例如hour, honest。

3．如果不定冠词和名词之间有其他词，不定冠词的形式仍取决于它后面第一个词的语音形式。例如a rich uncle , a beautiful actress。

不定冠词的用法如下：

1．用在单数可数名词前，表示一类人或事物，如：

A dictionary is a useful book.

An underground train can start and stop quickly.

2．说明某人或某东西属于哪一类，如：

This is a book.

He used to be an engineer.

3．泛指某人或某物，但未具体说明何人、何物，如：

A boy is waiting for me.

Give me a pen, please.

4．表示数量，有―一‖的意思，如：

Behind the house there is a garden. once a week.

5．用于某些固定词组中，如：

a few, a little, a lot of, a number of, just a minute, in a

hurry, for a while, for a long time, a cup of, a bottle of, have

a rest, have a talk, have a fever, have a good time, have(take)

a walk, have a toothache, take a bath, give a lesson

（二）定冠词

定冠词的用法如下：

1．指彼此都知道的人或事物，如：

Open the door, please.

Go and close the window.

2．特指某（些）人或某（些）事物，如：

The girl in red is my sister.

The book on the desk is mine.

The man over there is our English teacher.

3．指前面提到过的人或事物，如：

Here is a picture of a modern car factory. My father works

in the factory.

4．用在序数词和形容词最高级前,以及在方位词前。如：

The Nile is the longest river in the world.

He won the first prize.

The sun rises in the east.

5．用在某些名词化的形容词或过去分词前，表示一类人或事物，如：

the rich, the sick, the new , the false, the wounded

6．用在某些专用名词前，如：

the Great Wall

t he People‘s Republic of China

the United Nations

the Netherlands

7．在江河、海洋、山脉、湖泊、群岛的名称的前面，如：

the North China Plain

the Rocky Mountains

the Yangtse River

8．在一些用语中，如：

in the morning(/afternoon/evening), in the day, by the way, on the whole, the next morning, all the year around, the other day, at the same time

（三）不用冠词的情况

1．在不含普通名词或某些专有名词如表示人名,地名，机构等

China, Beihai Park

2．名词前面已有用作定语的this, that, my, your, some, any 等代词前，如：

The letter is from my father.

I have a book in my hand.

3．在复数名词表示一类人或事物时，如：

Horses are useful animals.

I like cakes.

4．在节日名称、星期、月份、季节前。如：

Today is Sunday.

Children‘s Day

Spring is the best season in the year.

5．在某些固定搭配和习惯用语中，如：

go to school , be in hospital, be in prison

6．一天三餐，球类运动的名称前，如:

I like to play basketball.

We have lunch at school.

二、数词

基数词的构成

1）1－12, 独立成词。

one two three four five six seven eight nine ten eleven twelve

2）13--19, 由3－9 + teen构成。

14–fourteen 16--sixteen 17--seventeen 19—nineteen

特殊拼写: 13– thirteen 15--fifteen 18—eighteen

（3）20－90, 以-ty结尾。

20—twenty 30---thirty 40—forty 50—fifty

60---sixty 70---seventy 80---eighty 90—ninety

4）21－99，两位数，十位与个位之间有―－‖。

21 twenty—one 55 fifty—five 99 ninety—nine

5）101—999，三位数，百位与十位/个位之间加and。

101 one hundred and one

840 eight hundred and forty

693 six hundred and ninety-three

6)1，000以上数目,从右向左每三位用―，‖分开,分别读为thousand , million, billion 。

7)100以上数词,整百位数由1-9加hundred构成，序数词在词尾加-th；整千位数由1-9加thousand构成，序数词在词尾加-th。在百位和个位之间须加and,如：141 one hundred and forty-one；1201 one thousand two hundred and one ，构成序数词只将最后一个数变成序数词。

序数词的构成

1) 1－3, first, second, third 。

2) 4－19, 相应基数词+th,特殊拼写:fifth, eighth, ninth, twelfth。

3) 20－90, y变成ie +th,如twentieth。

4) 21－99, 只把个位的基数词变成序数词。如twenty-first。

5) 序数词缩写----数字＋最后两字母。如1st, 2nd, 3rd ,4th…(序数词构成规律)

基变序,有规律, 一、二、三，特殊记，加th从4起，八少―t‖，九去―e‖，

―ve‖要用―f‖替，(five, twelve)见―y‖变成―i‖和―e‖，词尾加上―th‖，(twenty, thirty,……ninety)若是遇到几十几，只变个位就可以。序数词缩写记清楚,数字后跟两字母。

基数词的用法

1、表示具体数目,hundred, thousand, million不用复数。表示不确定数目,用复数+of。即hundreds of(数百), thousands of(数千), millions of(数百万)+ 名词复数,

可以用many/several修饰，但不能与具体数目连用。

1) Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.

2) There are three thousand students in our school.

3) After the war, thousands of people became homeless.

4) Several / Many thousands of trees must be planted every year.

2、―几十‖的复数形式可以表示：

几十多岁---- in + one‘s + 数词复数

年代---- in + the +数词复数

1) He died in his forties．四十多岁

2) In the nineties, most people go to work by bike. 90年代

3、―基数词+名词‖ 的合成形容词作定语，中间有连字符―－‖,当中的名词用单数

a 3–year–old girl a seven-day holiday

4、表计量-- ―基数词+度量单位+形容词‖

The classroom is 7 meters long, 6 meters wide and 3 meters high.

5、表示时刻(介词用at)

1)顺读法----先时后分, ―几点几分‖

9:30 nine thirty 6:21 six twenty-one

2)逆读法----先分后时

表示―几点过几分‖，半小时以内，介词用past

分钟数+past +钟点数

10:10 ten past ten 8:20 twenty past eight

表示―几点差几分‖，半小时以上，介词用to

60减原分钟+ to + (下一个)钟点数

9:50 ten to ten 7:40 twenty to eight

3) 15分钟：a quarter 30分钟：half

9:15 a quarter past nine

12:30 half past twelve

序数词的用法

(1)序数词作定语，前面要加the；

The first truck is carrying a food basket．

John lives on the fifteenth floor．

She is my first English teacher.

(2)有时加a/an，―再一‖，―又一‖ 的意思

We?ll have to do it a second time．

They had a second child in 1988

编号表示法

编号在前，名词在后，用序数词，前面有the。编号在后，名词在前，用基数词，注意首字母大写

房间号码和电话号码要一个一个分别读

第一课The First Lesson Lesson One

第32页the thirty-second page、Page 32 / Page Thirty-two

第305房间Room 305

第12路公共汽车Bus No.12

分数表示法

分子用基数词，分母用序数词。

分子大于1时，分母加-s。

1/4 one-fourth a (one) quarter

3/4 three-fourths three quarters

2/3 two-thirds 1/2 a (one) half

半年half a year 半小时half an hour

一年半one and a half years one year and a half

年份、日期表达法

年用基数词表示,两位一读,介词用in

日用序数词表示,介词用on

1999 nineteen ninety-nine 2008 two thousand and eight 1949年10月1日读作:

October (the) first, nineteen forty-nine (月-日，年)

写作: October 1st,1999(日用缩写，月-日-年)

October 1, 1999 (日用数字)

1st October,1999日-月，年

表示―在…世纪‖, 用序数词。

在20世纪写作：in 20th century 读作：in the twentieth century

（四）分数、小数、百分比、倍数、四则运算的表示方法类别说明例词或例句

分数分子用基数词，分

母用序数词，分子

大于1，分母的序

数词用复数。

1/2 读作a (one) half

1/3 读作a (one) third

1/4 读作a (one) quarter或a (one)

fourth

4/5 读作four fifths

4 2/3 读作four and two thirds

Two thirds of the earth surface is

covered by water.（地球表面的三

分之二覆盖着水）

小数小数点读作

point。小数点后

面各数都按个位

基数词读；小数点

前面仍按基数词

读。零读作o或

zero.

0.7 读作zero point seven

25.25 读作twenty-five point two

five

百分比百分比由基数词

+percent组成

（% ）

2% 读作two percent

44% 读作forty-four percent

100% 读作one hundred percent

More than 25 percent of the

surface of the ground is covered

with grass. 百分之二十五以上的

地面被草覆盖着。

倍数(1)倍数+as+形

(副)原级+as

(2)倍数+形(副)比

较级+than

(3)倍数+ the

size(length ,

height , width ,

etc .)+ of (表示

大小或数量的

名词)

This room is three times as large as

that one .

This room is two times larger than

that one.

This room is three times the size of

that one .

注意：上述三个结构的意义是相同

的。

汉译表达：

这间房是那间房的三倍大。

加、减

、乘、除四则运算用基数词表示

加号用plus / and

减号用minus

乘号用times

除号用divided by

9+8=17，读作Nine plus (and)

eight is seventeen.

11-5=6 ，读作Eleven minus five

is six.

6×5=30，读作Six times five is

thirty.

35÷7=5，读作Thirty-five divided

by seven is five.

第二节实战演练

一、复习时需注意的要点

1、如两个形容词都有冠词，表示两个不同东西。

例如：My grandpa raises a black and a white dog.我爷爷养了一只黑狗和一只白狗。

The black and the white dogs are his.这只黑狗和白狗都是他的。

2、如后一个形容词无冠词，则指一物。

例如：My grandpa raises a black and white dog.他养了一只黑白花狗。

3、several 或基数词修饰hundred, thousand, million 表示计数时,一般不用复数形式.

例如:several hundred students watched the match.

4、dozens of, scores of, hundreds of, millions of, tens of thousands of, hundreds of thousands of, tens of millions of等结构可用来表示不确定的数量.

例如：Hundreds of thousands of people are going to watch the fireworks in the Central Park.

She bought dozens of eggs last week.

二、历届高考试题分析

例1、I earn 10 dollars_________ hour as _________ supermarket cashier on Saturdays.

A. a...an

B. the...a

C. an...a

D. an...the

答案为C。

【解析】hour以元音开头，前面加不定冠词an，an hour―每小时‖；a表示―一个‖，放在supermarket cashier前面表示类指，说明属哪类人。译文：星期六我作为超市出纳员每小时挣10美元。a/an的用法规则：以元音音素开头的单词前用an，

以辅音音素开头的单词前用a。

例2、One way to understand thousands of new words is to gain________ good knowledge of basic word formation.

A. /

B. the

C. a

D. one

答案为C。

【解析】knowledge是不可数名词，当被某些修饰语修饰时，前面要加不定冠词，如：He has a very good knowledge of English.他在英语方面有丰富的知识。

例3、Alexander Graham Bell invented ________telephone in 1876.

A. /

B. a

C. the

D. one

答案为C 。

【解析】the+可数名词单数表示一类泛指。

例4、The cakes are delicious. He'd like to have ________ third one because _______ second one is rather too small.

A. a…a

B. the…the

C. a…the

D. the…a

答案为C。

【解析】注意序数词前面的冠词的用法：当序数词表示顺序时用定冠词the；表示再来一次使用不定冠词a (an)。从句子的意思可知，third one表示再吃一个，所以填a；second one表示所吃的第二个，所以填the。这句话的意思是：蛋糕很好吃。他想再吃一个，因为他吃的第二个太小了。

例5、A bullet hit the soldier and he was wounded in

________leg.

A. a

B. one

C. the

D. his

答案为C。

【解析】伤及某人某部位或拍、打、拉某人某部位要用句式wound/bit/beat/pat/take+sb+介词+the+部分。译文：子弹击中了战士，他的腿受了伤。

例6、________people in the world are sending information by email every day.

A. Several million

B. Many million

C. Several millions

D. Many million

答案为A。

【解析】在million，hundred等前如果有具体数字或several 等词时，要用单数形式。many一般不与million等词连用。在表示不确切数目时用复数，例如：表示―数百万‖，英语为millions of。译文：每天，世界上有百十万人通过email传递信息。

例7、________ of the land in that district ________covered with trees and grass.

A. Two fifth...is

B. Two fifth...are

C. Two

fifths...is D. Two fifths...are

答案为C。

【解析】分数的分子用基数词，分母用序数词表示。如果分子大于1，序数词后加-s。分数和百分比作主语时，谓语动词的形式取决于分数和百分数后的名词。句子中的主语land是单数，所以谓语动词要用is covered。

例8、Paper produced every year is ________ the world's production of vehicles.

A. the three times weight of

B. three times the weight of

C. as three times heavy as

D. three times as heavier as

答案为B。

【解析】表示倍数的词数放在the weight of前，意思是―……重量的几倍‖。

例9、An accident happened at_________ crossroads a few metres away from_______ bank.

A. a…a

B. /…a

C. /…the

D. the…/

答案为A。

【解析】at a crossroads表示―在十字路口‖，crossroads―十字

路口‖是复数形式单数用法；bank是可数名词，不能单独使用(要加冠词或复数)，又非特指，不能用the。此处是泛指，前面要用不定冠词a。

例10、Smith _____ me to buy several _____ eggs for the dinner

A、asked…dozen

B、suggested…dozens of

C、had…dozen

D、persuaded…dozens of

答案为A。

【解析】―dozen +复数名词‖前除了用具体数词修饰外，还可以用several, many 修饰，如several dozen people, many dozen students等，dozen 不加s。

第三节巩固练习

Direction: Beneath each of the following sentences there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best answer that completes the sentence.

1. It takes us ____C____ hour or more to go to my hometown by ________ train.

A. an…a

B. a…an

C. an… /

D. a…/

2. They had _C__wonderful train ride to Chengdu before they went on to ___Mount Emei by bus.

A. a…the

B. /… the

C. a…/

D. the…a

3. For a long time they walked without saying __B___ word. Jim

was the first to break _____silence.

A. the...a

B. a...the

C. a.../

D. the.../

4. —By the way, have you got ____A____ E-mail address? —Oh, yes, it‘s cthsc @ https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a59667465.html,.

A. the

B. an

C. a

D. /

5. ______ book on the desk is ___C____ useful one.

A. The...an

B.A...a

C. The...a

D. The.../

6 My good friend Liqing studies at __D____ Middle School.

A. 18

B. the 18

C. 18th No.

D. No.18

7. —What date is it?

—It‘s ____B___.

A. the April thirteenth

B. the thirteenth of April

C. thirteenth April

D. April thirteen

8. His uncle has lived at ___B____ for ten years.

A. No.103 Xinhua Street

B. 103 Xinhua Street

C. Xinhua Street 103

D. Xinhua Street No.103

9. Please wait here. I‘ll be back in ___B____ hours.

A. two and half a

B. two and a half

C. half and two

D. two a half.

10. When you come here for your holiday next time, don‘t go to ___C__ hotel. I can find you _____ bed in my flat.

A. the...a

B. the.../

C. a...the

D. a.../

11.China is ___B____ larger than the United States.

A. one six

B. one sixth

C. one sixes

D. a sixths

12.Two __C___ died of cold last winter.

A. hundreds old people

B. hundreds old peoples

C. hundred old people

D. hundred old peoples

13. 999 reads nine hundred __B____.

A. and ninety ninth

B. and ninety-nine

C. ninety and nine

D. and nine nine

14.Our teacher told us to write a ____A_____ composition.

A. two-thousand-word

B. two-thousand-words

C. two thousands words

D. two-thousands-word

15.Henry is ___D___ tallest in their class.

A. three

B. the three

C. third

D. the third

英语语法之冠词和数词

英语语法之冠词和数词 1.不定冠词a与an的用法 2.定冠词the的用法 3."零"冠词 4.基数词的用法 5.序数词的用法 一. 冠词的用法 冠词是虚词，放在名词之前，用来说明名词指的人或事物。冠词有两种。 a(an)叫不定冠词，the叫定冠词。a用在辅音之前，an用在元音之前。 1. 不定冠词的用法 (1) a和an均用在单数名词之前，表示某一类人或事物。例如： John is a student. Mary is an English teacher. (2) 指某一类人或事物中的任何一个。例如: A steel worker makes steel. Pass me an apple, please. (3) 指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。例如： A student wants to see you. A girl is waiting for you outside. (4) 表示“每一”的意思，相当于every。例如： Take the medicine three times a day. They go to see their parents once a week. 2. 定冠词用法

(1) 特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。例如： The book on the desk is an English dictionary. Beijing is the capital of China. (2) 指说话人和听话人都熟悉的人或事物。 例 如：Open the door, please. Jack is in th e library. (3) 上文提到过的人或事物。例如： Yesterday John’s father bought him a new bike. The bike cost him 200 yua n. (4) 表示世界上独一无二的事物。例如： The sun rises in the east and sets in the west. (5) 用在序数词和形容词最高级之前。 例 如：Shanghai is the biggest city in China. Jan uary is the first month of the year. (6) 用在某些形容词之前，表示某一类人或事物。 例如：The nurse is kind to the sick. We should take good care of the old. the old 老人the young 年轻人the rich 富人the poor 穷人 the sick 病人the dead 死人 (7) 用在某些专有名词之前和某些习惯用语中。例如： the Great Wall, the Summer palace, in the morning, in the open air等。 (8) 用在姓氏复数之前，表示“某某一家人”，“某某夫妇”。

小学语法总结 冠词 数词

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three hundred 300 时间表达方式：小时+分钟 two ten 2:10 序数词 注意：第一二三，特殊记，从四开始加th，8去t，9去e。遇到ve变f，遇到y就变ie，再加th。 多位数的基数词变成序数词时，只需将末位基数词变成序数词，前边的基数词不变。forty-second第42 自然拼读期中检测

一．听单词，填写空缺字母 p t c p n t g m p g g ft d t g m p t g s w t ga e d g g t ent ircle t b t ity t g m b an b b t s k g raffe on ert 二．听写单词 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.

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中考英语冠词与数词专项练习题一填入适当的冠词，不需要冠词的地方划“/”。 1.George comes from____European country and h e is _____honest boy. 2.English is _____useful language in_____world. 3.—What’s ____date today? —It’s August 10th. 4.—What do you think of the story? —Oh,it’s really____exc iting one. 5._____Nanjing is one of ____oldest cities with___ _long history. 6.—Did you enjoy your stay in Beijing? —Yes,I had____great time. 7.Oh,by___way,there is _____call for you. 8._____Browns are watching the men’s table tenni s match on TV. 9.—Grace!W hat’s that over there? —It’s ____eraser,Grandma. 10.George likes playing____piano,but Mike enjoys playing_____basketball. 11.—Please give me ____ring when you arrive.

—OK.I’ll tell you everything as soon as I get the re. 12.Beijing is ____beautiful city.It’s ____capital of China. 13.We have three meals____day.We have ____brea kfast at 6:30 in ___morning every day. 14.—Have you seen ____mobile phone? I left it h ere just now. —No,I haven’t. 15.In the United States,Father’s Day falls on ____ third Sunday in ____June. 16.I have ___map.____map is on ___wall of my__ _bedroom.It’s ___map of ____China. 17.—Are they in ____Class Three? —No.They’re in ____Class Two. 18.—Who’s their father? —_____man under____tree. 19.They’re twins,but one of them has ____blue dr ess and the other has ____orange one. 20.There is ___”s”,_____”u” and ____”b”in ____w ord “bus”.

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用在惯用语中【Useful Expressions】： in the day, in the morning (afternoon, evening),the day after tomorrow, the day before yesterday,the next morning, in the sky (water，field，country), in the dark, in the rain, in the distance, in the middle (of), in the end, in the whole,by the way,go to the theatre

人教版初中英语初中英语语法之二冠词和数词(通用版)

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数词和冠词练习题

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