非谓语动词讲解(超全)

非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词)

概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词

2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有

成分

非谓语动词使用条件

一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。

She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat.

She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat.

动词不定式

一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式

动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：

1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English.

2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time.

3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room.

4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon.

5．完成被动式to have been done

例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday.

二. 动词不定式的用法

I.作主语

(1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。

To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault.

(2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。

句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.

句型2：It’s + n. + to do It’s our duty _to_ help the poor.

It is a great enjoyment _to_ spend our holiday in the mountains.

句型3：It is + adj + for sb to do sth（是形容事物的性质的）

It is + adj + of sb to do sth（是形容人的品质的）

It is easy for me to finish this work before ten.

It is a great honor for us to be present at your birthday party.

It is very kind of you to give me some help.

It's impolite of you to speak to the teacher like that.

II.作宾语

接不定式做宾语I want to know this matter.

I don’t expect to meet you here

(1)常见动词有：like, demand, expect, promise, begin, determine, refuse, offer,

fail, manage, learn, seem, intend, forget, want, prepare, pretend,

refuse, plan, afford, wish等

They wanted _to get___( get ) on the bus, didn’t they? He said he wished __to be____( be ) a professor.

(2)it作形式宾语

I find/feel to work with him interesting ．I find/feel it interesting to work with

him．

Subject+ find/think/feel/make/ consider… it+adj/n + to do sth.

1.We?thought?_it__?better?__to_?start?early.

2.Do?you?consider?_it__?better?not?_to_?go?

3.?I?feel?_it_?my?duty?_to_?change?all?that.

4.We think it __ important

_ to _ obey the law.

5.I know _ it _ impossible _ to _ finish so much homework in a day.

(3)常跟疑问词+不定式作宾语的动词:

tell, advise, show, teach, find out, decide, discuss, learn, explain, know, discover,

He taught us how to use the tool. No one could tell me where to get the book.

I haven't decided whether to go or stay.

下列词接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：

stop to do 停下来去做stop doing 停止做

forget to do 忘记要做forget doing 忘记做过

remember to do 记得要做remember doing 记得做过regret to do 遗憾要做regret doing 后悔做过

try to do 企图做，尽力做try doing 试着做

go on to do 继续做（另一件事）go on doing 继续做（同一件事）

mean to do 打算做mean doing 意味做

In some parts of London, missing a bus means _A______ for another hour.

A waiting

B to waiting

C wait

D to be waiting Boys, don't forget _D____ the windows before you leave the classroom.

A. closing

B. closed

C. to closing

D. to close

She reached the top of the hill and stopped __C_____ on a big rock.

A. to have rested

B. resting

C. to rest

D. rest

Remember _A______ the lights when you leave the office.

A. to turn off

B. turning off

C. turn off

D. to turning off

(4)在cannot but, cannot choose/help but 之后接不带to的不定式

I have no choice but __to wait_____.（wait）“前有do,后无to”

I can’t do anything but _go______ (go )out with her.

III.作宾语补足语

1. I’ll?get?someone?_to__?repair?the?recorder?for?you.

2. What?caused?him?_to__?change?his?mind?

advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, expect, encourage, force, get, hate, invite , order, wish?, want, warn, remind, promise, permit, persuade, request+sb. to do

注意：（1）在动词feel （一感），hear, listen to（二听），have, let, make（三让），notice, see, watch, observe, look at（五看）(即：吾看三室两厅一感觉)等后面的补足语中，不定式不带to，但变为被动语态后，必须带to。如：They saw the boy fall off the tree.

The boy was seen to fall off the tree.

(2)help后面作宾语补足语的不定式可以带to,也可以不带to.

I often help him （to）clean the room. I helped him (to) find his things.

He is often heard _to sing_______(sing) the song.

Though he often made his deskmate _cry_____(cry), today he was made __to cry__(cry) by his deskmate.

IV．作定语

?I have something to tell you. (不定式作定语)

1)不定式与它所修饰的词有动宾关系Do you have anything to wash

today?

2)不定式用来说明所修饰词的内容I have no chance to go there.

3)被修饰词是不定式的逻辑主语She is always the last to leave the

room.

4)不定式为不及物动词且和所修饰的名词是动宾关系时，须加介词

1.The house is not big enough for us all___A____.

A. to live in

B. to be lived in

C. to live

D. for living in

2. Would you please pass me the knife ____A___?

A. to cut the fruit with

B. to cut the fruit?

C. cutting the fruit

D. cutting

the fruit with

3.I have something important to say. Please find a piece of paper to write

on （写上）

4.Excuse me，could I use your pen for a moment？I have no pen to write

with （写）

V.作状语不定式作状语可以表示目的、原因、结果。

I came here to see you．

We were very excited to hear the news．

He hurried to the school to find nobody there.

对比To learn English well, he needs a good dictionary.

To learn English well, a good dictionary is needed.

To get there in time, he told me to get up early.

不定式的主动形式表示被动意义

I have something important to do. In the accident, the driver was to blame.

This question is difficult to answer. The box is not easy to carry.

动名词

一. 动名词的基本构成

No one likes being laughed at.

I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.

二.动名词的功用

⑴ Smoking does great harm to people’s health.（作主语）

⑵ My job is looking after children.（作表语）

⑶ I have finished reading the novel.（作宾语）

⑷ We have got a swimming pool in our school.（做定语）

①It is no use crying. ②It is no good objecting

常见的动词有：admit, advise, suggest, avoid, consider, delay, deny, excuse, finish, imagine, include, keep(on), mind, , practice, miss, resist.

短语: be/get used to ,can’t help/stop,can’t stand , give up, feel like, look forward to, get down to,

have difficulty/trouble (in),be busy (in),put off

e.g.①She sat there without _speaking____ (speak) ②I look forward

to_seeing____ (see) him again.

③Are you used to _live____ (live) there alone?

④When my father heard the news, he couldn't help _laughing____ (laugh).

⑤I don’t feel like _going____ (go) to see the film. ⑥He was busy

_preparing___ (prepare) his lessons

主动表被动:

①The room wants _cleaning____ (clean). ②The method

needs _improving__ (improve).

③This pair of shoes require __mending___ (mend).

④The problem needs_working out_ (work out).

⑤The question is well worth _discussing____ (discuss)

d）动词“like, love, hate, prefer”后接动名词表示“习惯性动作”，后接不定式表示“心理或一次具体动

作”。当用在should, would之后时，只跟不定式。例如：

I like swimming, bu t I don’t like to swim this afternoon. What would you

like to eat tonight?

动名词的复合结构

动名词前可以加一个物主代词或名词所有格来表示这个动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复

合结构或动名词短语

a.动名词复合结构作主语时一般用名词所有格或形容词性的物主代词。例

如：

Nixon’s visiting China marked a new year between U.S. and China diplomatic relations.尼克松访问中国标志着中美外交关系进

入一个新的时代

Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.

b. 在口语和非正式语体中，只要不是作主语，动名词复合结构中的逻辑主

语常采用名词通格或人

称代词宾格。例如： The doctor does not mind me /my eating a little meat occasionally.

分词

（一）分词的作用现在分词表示：主动，动作正在进行。过去分词表示：被动，动作已经完成。

1．作定语

Do you know the boy standing at the gate?

Have you read the book written by Lu Xun？

2．作表语

We are excited at the news.

The news he told us is exciting.

3．作宾语补足语

I heard him singing a song in the classroom.

We found the ground covered with snow.

4．作状语

While lying in bed, he listened to some music.

Seen from the hill, the village looks move beautiful.

分词作状语时，它的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则分词前面必须有自己的主语。

现在分词与过去分词在作状语的区别:现在分词表主动进行，过去分词表被动完成

1. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, we can see a beautiful factory. (Seeing/seen) from the top of the tower, the factory looks beautiful.

2. (Hearing/heard) the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.(When they heard

the bad news)

3. (Giving/Given) more time, we could do it better. (If they had been given

more attention)

4. I stood by the door, not daring to say a word.?

Being so angry, he couldn’t go to sleep. (Because he was so angry)

They came into the classroom,singing and laughing. (and they were singing laughing)

To serve the people well, I study hard. (In order to serve the people well)

（二）分词的时态

现在分词分一般式和完成式，而过去分词则没有时态形式的变化。

现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词同时发生，或在谓语动词之前发生。例如：

Knowing his uncle would come, he began to make some preparations.

现在分词的完成时，表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前,常用作状语。例如：

Having finished his homework, he went to bed.

（三）现在分词的被动式

被动一般式being done 被动完成式having been done

This is one of the new supermarkets being built in our city.

Having been told many times, he was able to operate the machin e.

（四）分词的否定形式

分词的否定式，由not+分词构成，例如：

Not having heard the news. I wrote to him again.

Not knowing how to work out the maths problem, I went to the teacher for help.

（五）分词独立主格结构

当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，带逻辑主语的分词短语成为独立主格结构，在句法功能上起状语作用。例如：

Weather permitting, they will go and visit the science museum.

The meeting being over, they all left the room.

Given more time, we could do it better.

The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.

She stood there, book in hand.

Everybody at home, we sat down to dinner.

由There being +主语这种结构多表示原因。例如：

There being a lot of books to read, he often studied till midnight.因为有许多书要读，他经常学习到深夜。

with + 复合宾语结构

（1）with + 名词/ 代词+ 形容词Don’t speak with your mouth full.（2）with + 名词/ 代词+ 副词The square looks more beautiful than ever with the lights on.

（3）with + 名词/ 代词+ 介词短语He was asleep with his head on his arms.

（4）with + 名词/ 代词+ -ing分词She felt very nervous with so many people looking at her.

With the old man leading, the two started toward the mountains.

（5）with + 名词/ 代词+ 不定式With five minutes to go before the

last train left, we arrived here.

（6）with + 名词/ 代词+ -en分词With his matter settled, we left the room.

【2012全国卷II】⒑ Tony lent me the money, ___ that I’d do as much for him.

A. hoping

B. to hope

C. hoped

D. having hoped

【答案】A

【2012全国卷II】⒖ The old man sat in front of the televisi on every evening, happy

___ anything that happened to be on.

A. to watch

B. watching

C. watched

D. to have watched 【答案】A

【2012安徽】24. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights.

A. locking

B. to lock

C. having locked

D. to have locked

【答案】B

【2012安徽】30. When for his views about his teaching job, Philip said he

found it very interesting and rewarding.

A. asking

B. asked

C. having asked

D. to be asked

【答案】B

【2012重庆】23. ______to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.

A. Having been asked

B. To ask

C. Having asked

D. To be asked 【答案】A

【2012重庆】28. We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ______at the meeting will influence the future of our company. A. to be made B. being made

C. made

D. having been made

【答案】A

【2012全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather .

A. permitting

B. to permit

C. permitted

D. permit

【2012全国】32. Film has a much shorter history, especially when_ such art forms as music and painting.

A. having compared to

B. comparing to

C. compare to

D. compared to

【答案】D

【2012北京】23. One learns a language by making mistakes and ______ them.

A. corrects

B. correct

C. to correct

D. correcting

【答案】D

【2012北京】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks.

A. Use

B. Using

C. Used

D. To use

【答案】C

【2012北京】31. ______ at the door before you enter my room, please.

A. Knock

B. Knocking

C. Knocked

D. To

knock

【答案】A

【2012福建】28. China recently tightened its waters controls near

the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from ________

in the South China Sea.

A. attacking

B. having attacking

C. being attacked

D. having been attacked

【答案】C

【2012福建】34. Pressed from his parents, and ____ that he has wasted

too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.

A. realizing

B. realized

C. to realize

D. being realized

【答案】A

【2012陕西】15. _______ in a long queue, we waited for the store

to open to buy a New iPad.

A. Standing

B. To stand

C. Stood

D.

Stand

【答案】A

【2012陕西】22. If he takes on this work, he will have no choice

but _____ an even greater challenge.

A. meets

B. meeting

C. meet

D. to

meet

【2012山东】26. George returned after the war, only _______ that

his wife had left him.

A. to be told

B. telling

C. being told

D. told

【答案】A

【2012山东】35. After completing and signing it, please return the

form to us in the envelope _____.

A. providing

B. provided

C. having provided

D.

provide

【答案】B

【2012湖南】21. We’ve had a good start, but next, more work needs

____ to achieve the final success.

A. being done

B. do

C. to be done

D. to do

【答案】C

【2012湖南】23. Time, ______ correctly, is money in the bank.

A. to use

B. used

C. using

D. use

【答案】B

【2012湖南】31. The lecture, _____ at 7:00 pm last night, was followed

by an observation of the moon with telescopes.

A. starting

B. being starting

C. to start

D. to be started

【答案】A

【2012天津】11. He got up late and hurried to his office, ______

the breakfast untouched.

A. left

B. to leave

C. leaving

D. having left

【答案】C

【2012江西】33. Having finished her project, she was invited by the

school _____ to the new students.

A. speaking

B. having spoken

C. to speak

D.

to have spoken

【答案】C

【2012江西】35. John has really got the job because he showed me

the official letter _____ him it.

A. offered

B. offering

C. to offer

D.

to be offered

【答案】B

【2012辽宁】25. The old couple often take a walk after super in the

park with their pet dog ____.

A. to follow

B. following

C. followed

D. follows

【答案】B

【2012辽宁】29. This machine is very easy ______. Anybody can learn

to use it in a few minutes.

A. operating

B. to be operating

C. operated

D. to operate

【答案】D

【2012四川】6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _____ his plane

high up in the sky.

A. finding

B. to find

C. being found

D. to

have found

【答案】B

【2012四川】8. I looked up and noticed a snake ______ its way up

the tree to catch its breakfast.

A. to wind

B. wind

C. winding

D. wound

【答案】C

【2012四川】12. Before driving into the city, you are required to

get your car ____.

A. washed

B. wash

C. washing

D. to

wash

【答案】A

【2012浙江】3. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times

when it’s better ____ silent.

A. remain

B. be remaining

C. having remained

D. to remain

【答案】D

【2012浙江】8. I think Tom, as the head of a big department, should

either study regularly or ____ his job.

A. quits

B. to quit

C. quitting

D. quit

【答案】D

【2012浙江】11. “It’s such a nice place,” Mother said as she sat

at the table _____ for customers.

A. to be reserved

B. having reserved

C. reserving

D. reserved

【答案】D

【2012江苏】31. ______ an important decision more on emotion than

on reason, you will regret it soon or later.

A. Based

B. Basing

C. Base

D. To

base

【答案】B

非谓语动词讲解(超全)95231

非谓语动词讲解 非谓语动词: a.动词不定式 b.动名词 c.分词( 现在分词过去分词) 概述：1.谓语动词：在句子中担任谓语的动词 2.非谓语动词：是动词的特殊形式，在句中可以作除谓语外的所有成分 非谓语动词使用条件 一个句子当中，已经存在一个主句（谓语动词）,又没有连词的情况下, 还有别的动词出现时。She got off the bus, leaving her handbag on her seat. She got off the bus, but left her handbag on her seat. 动词不定式 一．动词不定式的时态和被动形式 动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，由不定式符号(to)加动词原形构成。不定式的形式有五种：1．一般式to do 例如：I like to read English. 2．进行式to be doing 例如：He seemed to be reading something at that time. 3．完成式to have done 例如：He seemed to have cleaned the room. 4．被动式to be done 例如：The work is to be done soon. 5．完成被动式to have been done 例如：The boy is said to have been sent to hospital yesterday. 二. 动词不定式的用法 I.作主语 (1)不定式做主语时，可以直接放在谓语动词之前。 To see is to believe．Not to get there in time is your fault. (2)注：常用it做形式主语，将to do放在位于之后，使句子保持平衡。 句型1：It + 谓语+ to do It takes us an hour _to__ get there by bus.

非谓语动词全面讲解

非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了

非谓语动词讲解及练习题

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Would you like to see a film this evening ②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。 在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. (3)作表语 句型：主语+ be + to do sth . 如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train. （4）作目的状语 > 如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。 I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。 (5)作宾语补足语 ①不能省略to： ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。 My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。

(完整word版)超详细非谓语动词讲解

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超详细非谓语动词讲解

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. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 To do such things is foolish. 2）主系表结构 To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …）

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