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Windows 本土3D 塑料注塑模具设计系统

抽象:三维实体建模革命已达到设计的主流。虽然高端三维实体建模系统多年来一直在大型航空航天、消费产品和汽车公司的工程师的工作站上,许多小公司现在正在转变从工作站到PC。这种转变的原因之一是灵活性和提高地位的Windows-本机/NT 已让软件开发人员创建负担得起和易于使用的应用程序。高端用户正在寻找中档固体建模,例如SolidWorks,有满足他们的需要。SolidWorks 被选为平台Windows 本机设计环境、功能强大的程序集功能、易用的、快速的学习曲线和实惠的价格。Windows 本土3D 塑料注塑模具设计系统已在NT 通过接口Visual C++ +代码与商业软件,SolidWorks 99 和API。该系统提供一个设计师与交互式计算机辅助设计环境中,既能加快模具设计过程,又能促进标准化。

关键字:塑料注塑模具;窗口;CAD ;离别

1.导言

塑料部件在一个广泛的产品范围,从消费品到机械、汽车和飞机,更广泛使用注射成型过程被视为一种重要的制造工艺。模具设计过程一般是集新产品开发的关键路径。传统上,模具的设计一直是经验的很"迷惑"的艺术,需要数年,才能比较精通它。由于最初的困难,在学习这门艺术,越来越少人得益于这一领域专家的知识与经验。若要更改当前的形势,一个方法是使用计算机辅助设计(CAD)系统。

作为一个日常的术语CAD 已经成长到种类繁多的功能,并且在从教育为学校的教学到三维机械设计领域的应用。目前,大多数CAD 系统提供便利的模具设计、起草行动的几何建模函数和不提供必要的知识来设计模具的模具设计师。因此,开发了很多"加载项"软件,例如IMOLD ?,在高级别的3D 建模平台,再到方便模具设计过程。这种安排是有利的在很多方面。3D 建模平台提供与图书馆的功能以及软件插件

作为一个已建立的用户界面和编程风格。其结果是,这些"加载项"的发展时间是大大减少。

IMOLD ? (智能模具设计) [1] 是一个基于知识的软件应用程序,它在Unigraphics solidworks 软件平台上运行,并通过使用提供的用户功能进行。它是UNIX 和windows 作业系统上可用。多年来,模具设计工程师不得不处理两个不同的系统,UNIX 和PC。前者广泛应用于工程应用,而后者主要用于小型和中型公司。工程师们还需要运行企业办公室应用程序(如字处理、电子表格和项目管理工具,但是这些都不在他们的UNIX 工作站上。

幸运的是,计算机技术在过去十年的非凡发展提供了一个方法来改变这种情况。最显著的变化一直在该地区的计算机硬件,即关联数据处理、信息存储与显示技术,在速度和内存方面的实际的电子元器件。这些造成了实体建模功能更有效地利用基于PC 的CAD/CAM 系统中。与增加的可用性的尖端,低成本软件适用于Windows,越来越多的工程师使用PC 应用程序来完成其工作。因此基于Windows 平台的新模具设计应用程序的发展是在高需求。

高端用户正在寻找中档固体建模,例如SolidWorks,有满足他们的需要。从开头作为本机Windows 应用程序开发,SolidWorks 是Windows 的三维机械设计软件之一。其独特的生产级功率、易用的和负担能力是无与伦比的。SolidWorks 99,Windows NT 中,Windows 98,第七次主要发布公司的机械设计软件提供增加的电源和完全集成的固体建模器中的功能。熟悉的公约,如指向和点击,拖放、剪切和粘贴,和无缝的数据共享与其他Windows 软件导致了生产率的提高。-易用性-没有广泛的培训和可负担得起的价格使公司能够在每个工程师的桌面上安装该系统。其应用之一是在塑料行业中的模具设计。这个最新的应用技术已经添加到模具设计过程的一个全新的维度。

2.注塑模具的设计

注射成型使用依赖于温度变化材料属性中获取离散部分来完成或接近完成维度通过模具的最终形状。在这种类型的制造工艺,液体材料被迫以填补和固化的模腔内[2].

首先,模具模型的建立需要一个设计模型和包含它们的框。设计模型代表的成品,而包含框代表模具零件的总数量。注塑模具的设计涉及到广泛的实证知识(启发式知识)有关的结构和模具的组件的功能。典型的新的模具开发过程可以分为四个主要阶段:产品设计、可塑性评估、细部设计、插入/型腔设计和详细的模具设计。

在0 阶段,产品概念由少数人(通常的市场营销和工程的组合),是拉扯在一起了。0 期的主要重点是分析市场机会和战略适应。在阶段典型过程相关的制造信息然后添加到设计,以生成一个详细的几何。通过使用适当的制造信息制造一个转化为概念设计。在第二阶段新增了脱模方向和分割线位置以检查的可塑性。否则,再修改的部分形状。第三阶段,零件几何用于建立模具型芯和型腔,用于构成的部分的形状。通常也需要被考虑,因此成型将以正确的大小和形状在加工温度收缩和扩张。盖茨,跑步者,溢出,和通风口还需要添加。几何数据和离别信息之间的关联,这一点至关重要。第四阶段被涉及总体机械结构的模具包括模具到注塑机、填充、冷却、和弹射和模具组装机制的连接。

3.方法

上文所述的理由,SolidWorks 99 已用作平台,包括新模具设计中的应用。图1 显示了与IMOLD 相比一个本机Windows 3D 注塑模具设计系统。用户的应用程序可以创建和运行作为一个独立的exe 文件或用户DLL 或SolidWorks 的扩展DLL。SolidWorks 加载项管理器允许用户控制哪些第三方软件加载他们SolidWorks 届会议期间的任何时候。一次,可以加载多个包和设置将在SolidWorks 会话之间保持。

3.1。SolidWorks

SolidWorks 最近涌现了作为一个3D 产品设计软件窗口,提供同类产品中最强大和直观的机械设计解决方案之一。在SolidWorks,零件创建通过建设基础上的"功能",并添加其他功能,如老板、削减、孔、鱼片、或贝壳。基本特征可能挤压、革命、扫掠轮廓线或阁楼。若要创建一个基本的特征,草绘二维几何配置文件,并通过空间来创建一个卷移动配置文件。可以草绘几何,建筑平面或平面曲面的零件。

基于特征的实体建模程序正在过时的二维设计技术。然而,基于Unix 的实体建模软件是昂贵的。采用SolidWorks 为微软视窗,成本是低于早些时候的尺寸驱动实体建模程序的价格[3].

3.2.作为一个3D 的内核的Parasolid

SolidWorks 使用Parasolid 作为一个3D 的内核。Parasolid 内核建模工具包,被公认为世界领先,生产证明核心实体建模者。作为精确边界表示固体建模设计,Parasolid 提供了强大的实体建模、广义细胞建模和集成的面片建模功能和方便地集成到CAD/CAM/CAE 系统旨在给市场快速的时间。其丰富的功能是作为一个库例程提供面向对象的编程接口提供的。这是本质上是,固体的建模可以用[4]:(i) 建立和操纵的固体物体;(ii) 计算质量和转动惯量,并执行干扰检测;(iii) 对象输出各种图案的方式;(iv) 将对象存储在某种形式的数据库或存档和检索他们以后;及(iv) 支持自由曲面。

3.3。API[5]

SolidWorks 应用程序编程接口(API) 是SolidWorks OLE 编程接口。API 包含成百上千个函数可以从Visual Basic,VBA (Excel、访问等),C,C 调用+++,或SolidWorks 宏文件。这些函数提供了直接访问SolidWorks 的功能,如创建一条线、挤出一个老板,或验证的参数曲面的程序员。

API 接口使用面向对象的方法。所有的API 函数都是方法或属性应用到的对象。图2是SolidWorks API 对象的一个特定视图。

SolidWorks 公开功能通过使用调度的OLE 自动化并通过标准的COM 对象。调度接口[6]将打包的参数和返回值作为备选案文,以便如Basic 语言可以处理它们。您的应用程序更多的直接访问到底层的对象,并随后,COM 实现给出了更高的性能。

4.实现

事实SolidWorks API 接口使用面向对象的方法和API 函数允许你选择一种面向对象的语言,例如Visual C ++,作为编程语言。使用这种方法,基于Windows 的3D 注塑模具设计中的应用建立在Windows NT 上通过Visual C 接口++ +码的商业软件,SolidWorks 99。此应用程序中的模具设计过程分为几个阶段,为模具设计师提供一致的创建模具设计方法。这一框架的概述所示图3。每个阶段,可说是独立的模块的程序。几个模块已经使用SolidWorks 成功开发。两个他们的模具基础模块、分模模块如下所示。

4.1.模具基地模块

模具基地模块可以自动创建参数的标准模架,元件和配件,比如HASCO、二甲醚、浩博LKM 双叶。这个模块允许轻松定制模具基地常用的设计师。关键功能包括像支撑柱和浇口衬套、2 板和 3 板模具加工基地和定制非标准模架标准模架基本组件的可用性。

模具基本模块包括四个主要部分,即组件库(包括标准和非标准零件库)、设计表、尺寸驱动功能和结构的关系管理。在这里,尺寸驱动功能是由SolidWorks 支持为应用程序提供的。模具基本模块的详细信息显示在图4。

(1) 组件库

为了加强模具设计能力在这个竞争日益激烈的世界,降低了设计成本和周期时间,减少人力和自动化是实现这一目标的主要因素。换句话说,它是需要有能够轻松地创建、修改,和分析模具设计组件,并更新设计模型中的更改的计算机软件。为了实现这一目标,提供了3D 组件库来存储标准及非标准零件数据,其尺寸都存储在Microsoft Excel 中。

通过指定适当的尺寸,这些组件可以生成并插入装配结构。这个库是完全可定制的和设计师能够将他们自己部件添加到库。

(2) 尺寸驱动

SolidWorks 提供强尺寸驱动功能来支持参数化设计。它是存储在Microsoft Excel 和几何中的维度集之间的逻辑关系。当一组维度相结合相应的参数设置的物体的几何形状时,可以求得精确的模型。

(3) 设计表

设计表允许设计器生成的部分的多个配置通过在嵌入的Microsoft Excel 电子表格中指定参数。设计表保存在零件文件中,并用于存储维度、抑制功能和配置的属性,包括部件号条例草案的材料,评论,以及客户的要求。当添加适当的尺寸时,设计表将包含创建精确的模型的程序集所需的所有信息。

(4) 结构关系管理

这部分记录模具基础元件之间的结构关系。当提供某些参数设置从设计表,此子模块有助于模具设计师将这些组件插入装配结构,因此可以自动生成的特定的模子的底部组件。

4.2.分模模块

一些分割算法以前报告了[7-10] 。在这种发展,开发了离别模块来处理芯和模腔的创建。这是最重要的模块之一在计算机辅助注塑模设计系统[11]。创建模具模型需要有一个设计模型,包含它们的框和可用的分型曲面。设计模型代表的

成品,而包含框代表整体体积的模具组件。为了分裂成芯和型腔的框中,设计模型从框中第一次中减去。分型曲面然后用于包含框分成模具的两半部分,常被称为芯和型腔。当熔化塑料被注入型腔,成品由两种相反的模具的两半部分。固化后,这两个模具的两半部分搬离部分沿分型方向 d 和?d,分别。然后,获取实际的一部分。图5显示了离别的设计过程。

(1) 的脱模方向的测定

对沿其芯和型腔开放是离别方向相反的方向(图6(a))。若要生成分型线,应首先确定脱模方向。脱模方向影响确定复杂的模具分型线的方向。在大多数情况下,分型方向由同时考虑几何和制造相关的问题。

(2) 识别和修补"通"孔

当有一些产品的洞时,设计师必须指示离别孔的位置和在这些洞中生成分型曲面。这就被所谓"修补程序"在本文中。所需曲面并将其用来修补通孔。因为上模和下模处于连接状态的通孔,不能分离的模具和芯和型腔不能自动创建没有修补那些第一孔(见图6(b))。

(3)的分型线和挤压方向的测定

在成型,一组零件的表面由核心,塑造和另一组成型腔。因此,分型线是两组曲面成型芯和型腔之间的交集。分型线是从面组中最大的边缘圈选的。

分型线芯或型腔块的边界,从挤压方向是分型线在清扫过程中将遵循的路径。它是垂直于脱模方向但平行于表面正常的模盒的侧面(见图6(c))。

(4) 分型曲面的生成

分型曲面是交配的芯和型腔曲面。分型曲面可以用作劈裂面,切成两半的模具。两种方法可以用于生成分型曲面。

扫描方法:表面生成的挤压离别的临别线向外到芯和型腔的外部边界(见图6(d))。

辐射的方法:在SolidWorks 离别表面还可以创建使用辐射分型线与某一特定的辐射距离足够大,以扩大超出包含框的外部面孔面(见辐射表面图6(e))。

(5) 建立包含框

包含它们的框包围的对象和其周边其他合适的空间计算。基于对象的尺寸、强度的模具及成型工艺参数,可以有效地定义了模架装配的大小来确定包含它们的框的大小(图6(f))。

(6) 的芯和模腔的一代

以生成芯和型腔,包含框必须分成两个单独的模具的两半部分。首先,设计模型中出减去从框。因此,一个空的空间被获得包含盒子里面。然后分型面和修补表面用作劈裂面分离成两半模具包含框、芯块和空心砌块。最后,经过模拟模具打开过程和检查模具元件间的干涉效应,模具的两半部分转移到零件表面无任何干扰沿着离别方向 d 和?d,分别(图6(g))。

5.结论

介绍了塑料注射模具设计的基本概念和注塑模具计算机辅助设计的方法。ThroughWindows NT 平台上,该方法已在SolidWorks 99 和API。它被选为纲要》其Windows 本机设计环境、功能强大的程序集功能、易用的、快速的学习曲线和实惠的价格。用Visual c + + 的塑料注射模具设计的CAD 原型++ +已开发并实施SolidWorks 99 和API 通过Windows NT 平台。

这款原型已和考几个模块,如数据准备,灌装设计,模具基地与分型设计,优秀的模具设计一代获得结果。该程序为设计师们提供一个交互式CAD 程序和Windows 本机设计环境中,既能加快模具设计过程,又能促进标准化,反过来,提高了模具制造的速度。在面向对象的编程语言编写的程序(Visual C+++),确保进一步拓展和延伸。对塑料注射模设计过程,主要讨论了这种方法,但它可以应用于压铸模具设计.

6.引用

[1] IMOLD 版本3.0,Manusoft 塑料有限公司,1998年。

[2] 康定岳,R.A.米勒系统的方法,以支持设计注塑成型中的可制造性和压铸件,在:计算机在工程ASME 数据库专题讨论会、美国机械工程师协会、美国纽约的诉讼1995 年,页755-765。

[3] SolidWorks 99 用户指南,SolidWorks 公司。

[4] Unigraphics 解决方案公司Parasolid 在线文档Web,Parasolid V10.1.123。

[5] SolidWorks 99 API 文档,SolidWorks 公司。

[6] J.J.Shah,H.Dedhia 诉Pherwani、美国Solkhan 动态接口的几何建模服务通过建模器无关的协议,计算机的应用。辅助Des。29 (12) (1997 年) 811-824。

北东东向A.Y.C.[7],M.W.福,J.Y.H.富、K.S.李、贤张,测定的最佳分模方向在塑料注射成型模具设计、CIRP 安制造商技术46 (1) (1997) 429– 432。[8] Z.Y。周,美国-M。高,Z.C.顾,J.Y。石,在注塑模设计,J.计算机分型线的自动确定。辅助Des。计算机。图形12 (7) (2000 年) 512-516。

[9] M.W.福、J.Y.H.富A.Y.C.Nee、型芯和型腔生成方法在注塑模设计,int。J.产品。第39 (1) (2001) 121 —— 138。

[10] L.港、J.Y.H.富、K.S.利、自动生成的曲面注射模具设计,刘瑞研究所机械工程B 215 (1) (2001) 105 — 110。

[11] 志强莫、K.S.下巴、J.K.L.何、交互式的基于知识的CAD 系统模具设计在注射成型过程中,int。J.;制造商技术17 (1) (2001 年) 27-38。

附录A:

A Windows-native 3D plastic injection mold design system

Abstract:3D solid-modeling revolution has reached the design mainstream. While high-end 3D solid-modeling systems have been on engineers’ workstation at large aerospace, consumer products, and automobile companies for years, many smaller companies are now making the switch from workstations to PC. One reason for the shift is that the flexibility and advancement of Windows-native/NT has let software developers create applications that are affordable and easy to use. High-end users are finding that mid-range solid modelers, such as SolidWorks, have met their needs.

SolidWorks was chosen as the platform due to the Windows-native design environment, powerful assembly capabilities, ease-of-use,rapid learning curve, and affordable price. A Windows-native 3D plastic injection mold designs system has been implemented on an NT through interfacing Visual C++ codes with the commercial software, SolidWorks 99 and API. The system provides a designer with an interactive computer-aided design environment, which can both speed up the mold design process and facilitate standardization.

Keywords: Plastic injection mold; Windows; CAD; Parting

1. Introduction

With the broader use of plastics parts in a wide product range, from consumer products to machinery, cars and airplanes, the injection molding process has been recognized as an important manufacturing process. The mold design process is generally the critical path of a new product development. Conventionally, mold design has always been a much ―mystified‖ art, requiring years of ex perience before one can be relatively proficient in it. Due to the initial difficulty in learning this art, less and less people are benefiting from the experience and knowledge of the experts in this field. To change the current situation, one way is to use a computer-aided design (CAD) system.

CAD as an everyday term has grown to a broad range of capabilities and has applications in fields ranging from education for school teaching to three-dimensional mechanical design. At the present time, most CAD systems provide only the geometric modeling functions that facilitate the drafting operations of mold design, and do not provide mold designers with the necessary knowledge to design the molds. Thus, much ―add-on‖ software, e.g. IMOLD?, have been developed on high-level 3D modeling platforms to facilitate the mold design processes. Such an arrangement is advantageous in many ways. The 3D modeling platform provides plug-in software with a library of functions as well

as an established user interface and style of programming. As a result, the development time for these ―add-ons‖ is significantly reduced.

IMOLD? (intelligent mold design) [1] is a knowledge based software application, which runs on the Unigraphics SolidWorks platform and is carried out by using the User Function provided. It is available on the UNIX and windows operation system. For years, mold design engineers have had to deal with two different systems, UNIX and PC. The former is widely used in engineering applications whilst the latter is used mainly in small and medium companies. Engineers also need to run corporate office applications such as word processing, spreadsheets, and project management tools, but these were not on their UNIX workstations.

Fortunately, the remarkable development of computer technology in the last decade has provided a way to change this situation. The most significant change has been in the area of computer hardware, i.e. the actual electronic components associated with data processing, information storage, and display technology, in terms of both speed and memory. These have resulted in the more efficient use of the solid-modeling functions in a PC-based CAD/CAM system. With the increased availability of sophisticated, low-cost software for Windows, more and more engineers are using PC applications to get their jobs done. Thus the development of a new mold design application based on the Windows platforms is in high demand.

High-end users are finding that mid-range solid modelers, such as SolidWorks, have met their needs. Developed from the beginning as a native Windows application, SolidWorks is one of the 3D mechanical design softwares for Windows. Its unique

combination of production-level power, ease-of-use, and affordability is unmatched. SolidWorks 99, the seventh m ajor release of the company’s mechanical design software for Windows NT, Windows 98 and beyond provides an increased power and functionality in a fully integrated solid modeler. Familiar conventions such as point-and-click, drag-and-drop, cut-and-paste, and seamless data sharing with other Windows software lead to productivity gains. The ease-of-use without extensive training and at affordable pricing enables companies to install the system on every engineer’s desktop. One of its applications is for mold de sign in the plastics industry. This latest application technology has added an entirely new dimension to the mold design process.

2. Injection mold design

Injection molding uses temperature-dependent changes in material properties to obtain the final shapes of discrete parts to finish or near-finish dimensions through the use of molds. In this type of manufacturing process, liquid material is forced to fill and solidify inside the cavity of the mold [2].

Firstly, the creation of a mold model requires a design model and a containing box. The design model represents the finished product, whereas the containing box represents the overall volume of the mold components. Injection mold design involves extensive empirical knowledge (heuristic knowledge) about the structure and the functions of the components of the mold. The typical process of a new mold development can be organized into four major phases: product design, moldability assessment, detailed part design, insert/cavity design, and detailed mold design.

In Phase 0, a product concept is pulled together by a few people (usually a combination of marketing and engineering). The primary focus of Phase 0 is to analyze the market opportunity and strategic fit. In Phase I the typical process-related manufacturing information is then added to the design to produce a detailed geometry. The conceptual design is transformed into a manufacturable one by using appropriate manufacturing information. In Phase II the parting direction and parting lines location are added to inspect the moldability. Otherwise, the part shape is again modified. In Phase III, the part geometry is used to establish the shape of the mold core and cavity

that will be used to form the part. Generally shrinkage and expansions need to be considered so that the molding will be the correct size and shape at the processing temperature. Gates, runners, overflows, and vents also need to be added. The association between geometric data and parting information is critical at this point. Phase IV is related to the overall mechanical structure of the mold including the connection of the mold to the injection machine, a mechanisms for filling, cooling, and for ejection and mold assembly.

3. Methodology

For the reasons described above, SolidWorks 99 has been used as the platform for the new mold design application. Fig. 1shows a Windows-native 3D injection mold design system compared with IMOLD. Users’ applications can be created and run as a standalone exe file or as a User DLL or Extension DLL in SolidWorks. The SolidWorks Add-In Manager allows users to control which third party software is loaded at any time during their SolidWorks session. More than one package can be loaded at once, and the settings will be maintained across SolidWorks sessions.

3.1. SolidWorks

SolidWorks recently emerged as one of the 3D product design software for Windows, providing one of the most powerful and intuitive mechanical design

solution in its class. In SolidWorks, parts are created by building a ―base feature,‖ and adding other features such as bosses, cuts, holes, fillets, or shells. The base feature may be an extrusion, revolution, swept profile, or loft. To create a base feature, sketch a two-dimensional geometric profile and move the profile through space to create a volume. Geometry can be sketched on construction planes or on planar surfaces of parts.

Feature-based solid-modeling programs are making two-dimensional design techniques obsolete. However, Unix-based solid-modeling software are expensive. With the introduction of SolidWorks for Microsoft Windows, the cost is less than the price of earlier dimension driven solid-modeling programs [3].

3.2. Parasolid as a 3D kernel

SolidWorks uses Parasolid as a 3D kernel. Parasolid kernel modeling toolkit, is recognized as a wor ld’s leading, production-proven core solid modeler. Designed as an exact boundary-representation solid modeler, Parasolid provides robust solid-modeling, generalized cellular modeling and integrated surface/sheet modeling capabilities and is designed for easy integration into CAD/CAM/CAE systems to give rapid time to market. Its extensive functionality is supplied as a library of routines with an object-oriented programming interface. It is essentially a solid modeler, which can be used to [4]: (i) build and manipulate solid objects; (ii) calculate mass and moments of inertia, and perform interference detection; (iii) output the objects in various pictorial ways; (iv) store the objects in some sort of database or archive and retrieve them later; and (iv) support freeform surfaces.

3.3. API [5]

The SolidWorks application programming interface (API) is an OLE programming interface to SolidWorks. The API contains hundreds of functions that can be called from Visual Basic, VBA (Excel, Access, etc.), C, C++, or SolidWorks macro files. These functions provide the programmer with direct access to SolidWorks functionality such as creating a line, extruding a boss, or verifying the parameters of a surface.

The API interface uses an object-oriented approach. All the API functions are methods or properties that apply to an object. Fig. 2is one particular view of the

SolidWorks API objects.

SolidWorks exposes functionality through OLE automation using Dispatch and also through standard COM objects. The Dispatch interface [6]will package arguments and return values as Variants so that languages such as Basic can handle them. A COM implementation gives your application more direct access to the underlying objects, and subsequently, increased performance.

4. Implementations

The facts that SolidWorks API interface uses an objectoriented approach and the API functions allows one to choose an object-oriented language, e.g. Visual C++, as the programming language. Using this methodology, a Windows-based 3D injection mold design application is developed on Windows NT through interfacing of the Visual C++ code with a commercial software, SolidWorks 99. In this application the mold design process is divided into several stages, providing the mold designer with a

consistent method of creating the mold design. The overview of this framework is shown in Fig. 3. Each stage can be considered as an independent module of the program. Several modules have been successfully developed using SolidWorks. Two of them, mold base module and parting module are shown below.

4.1. Mold base module

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