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专四写作辅导

专四写作辅导

第一节写作要求及评分标准

(一)测试要求

(a)要求根据所出的题目和列出的写作提纲或图表、数字统计表等(也附有写作提纲)写

一篇200词左右的短文。能做到内容切题、完整、条理清楚,文章结构严谨,语法正确,语言通顺恰当。考试时间35分钟。

(b)写便条:

要求根据提示写大约50--60词的通知、便条、请贴等。要求格式正确,语言得体。考试时间10分钟。

(二)题型:

本部分为主观试题,分两节:SectionA和SectionB。

Section A:作文(Composition)

本节是作文,题目主要属于记叙文、说明文或议论文的范围。

Section B:写便条(Note-writing)

本节是写便条。

测试目的:

按照教学大纲的要求测试学生在基础阶段末期用英语书面表达思想的能力。

(三)评分标准

(a)作文评分标准

1.本题满分为15分。

2.阅卷标准共分五等:15分、14-12分、11-9分、8-6分及5-3分。

15分——文章内容切题,表达思想清楚,行文通顺流畅;论证严密,论据充

分,基本上无语言错误。

14-12分——文章内容切题,表达思想清楚,语言比较通顺连贯,只有极少量

语法错误。

11-9分——文章内容基本切题。尚能表达中心思想,但说理不够清楚,文字连

贯不够好;有少量语言错误。

8-6分——基本切题。表达思想不清楚,连贯性差。语言错误多。

5-3分——文章条理不清,语言缺乏连贯,句子错误很多,或语言虽通顺流畅但

完全偏题。

(b) 便条写作评分标准与样卷

1.评分标准

根据2004年新版考试大纲,便条满分为10分,从格式、内容、语言以及语言得体性四方面进行评分。

2007年专业四级便条写作评分标准

评分构成分值要求扣分标准

日期

2

右上角,

April 22nd,

2007//

22 April, 2007//

Apr. 22, 2007//

22/4/2007//

4/22/2007//

April 22nd//

Apr. 22//

凡不符合上述

正确格式要求均

扣1分。结束语

和谦称在同一

行,人名没写或

用xx 表示扣1

分,最多扣2分

称呼在日期下一行

左侧,Dear

Jimmy,

//Dear Jimmy:

//Jimmy:

结尾

右下方,

Truly yours,//

Y ours truly,//

Y ours sincerely,//

Sincerely yours,//

Y ours,

内容 3 涵盖invited +

declining+

explaining 少1点扣1分,最多3项内容扣3分

语言 4 语法、词法正确严重语法、词法

错误扣1分,一

个句子或同类错

误扣1分,拼写

等小错误2个扣

1分,最多扣4

语言得体性 1 总分在8分以上

考虑加此分

总字数50-60字(包括三

部分格式)少于40或多于80字扣1分

日期、称呼、结尾全左对齐也可:如:

April 22,2007

Dear Jimmy,

I have…

Sincerely yours,

Sally

(四)样卷分析

题目要求

Section A Composition

Nowadays, the Internet has become part of people’s life, and millions of young people have made friends online.

Write on Answer Sheet Two a composition of about 200 words on the following topic:

Is it Wise to Make Friends Online?

Y ou are to write in three parts.

In the first part of your article you should clearly present your view.

In the second part you should support your opinion with appropriate details.

In the last part you should bring what you have written to a natural conclusion or summary. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness. Failure to follow the above instructions may result in a loss of marks.

(14 Pts)

Is it Wise to Make Friends Online?

With the Internet becoming an indispensable part of modern people’s life, making friends on line enjoys its great popularity, especially among young people. However, is it wise to make friends online, as many parents and teachers are worrying about? As far as I am concerned, I strongly oppose being addicted to making friends online.

Firstly, too much attention to online friends distracts your concerns to the true friends and families in the real world. If we look around, we often find a lot of young people staying online and chatting with online friends all day long. By the same time, the communication between them and the friends around them are becoming less and less. Therefore, they feel lonelier in real life and spend more time on Internet.

Besides, online friends are often disguised. A large number of cases have proved that many criminals make use of Internet to cheat of money or love. Even if they are not cheaters, they tend to be totally different persons when you get in actual contact with them. There’s always a gap between the real world and the imaginary one.

Nevertheless, it is unwise to make friends online. Those who are indulging in Internet should cast your eyesight to the friendship and kinship in the real life. What you should do is to seek solution, but not to escape.

(12 pts)

Is it Wise to Make Friends Online?

Nowadays, it has been a fashion to make friends online, and more and more teenagers, college students and even many adults will spend a lot of time chatting with people on the Internet. But I don’t think it is wise to make friends online.

Firstly, most people will not reveal their real identity on the Internet, which will not enable you to make true friends. Just imagine, a young lady you are talking with may be an old man, and I’m sure we will feel very bad when we are exposed to the truth. Besides, the friends online can bring bad effect to people, especially for teenagers. The unhealthy stuff will both physically and psychologically influence young people and, in a certain degree, can lead an unproper way to their whole life. At last, making friends online can do bad to the relationship between you and your family and friends in real life. Being addicted to the Internet makes you ignore the reality. Y ou will be angry about your parents’ persuading and after a long time, maybe you will find you have lost the ability of how to communicate with others properly.

In a word, it is not wise to make friends online. I hope everyone can focus on the reality instead of wasting too much time making friends on the Internet.

(9 pts)

Is it Wise to Make Friends Online?

There is a tendency we can’t deny that most of us have access to Internet. Susequently, making friends online has become a common thing. Some may argue that making friends online isn’t a good choice, however, personally, I hold the idea that it is wiser to make friends online.

On one hand, it’s a kind of company. When we live in our apartment, we seldom communicate to the neighbors, esp. that our family members are outside, the sense of feel lonely overcome us. Therefore, in order to get rid of this, we need to find someone to talk with. Then making friends online is a good way to solve this problem. Meanwhile, we can not only gain friendship, but also exchange our minds. In this way, we obtain a sense of satisfaction from talking with a stranger who will tend to say beautiful words towards us.

On the other hand, making friends online help us enrich our sight. We make friends, coming from different areas, accordingly, we obtain a lot of information that we can’t get from our limited knowledge. Sometimes, friends online encourage us to read helpful books where will be able to learn more.

All in all, from my point of view, making friends is helpful for enriching our knowledge and helping us encourage with others, hence, it is advisable to makes friends on line as long as we use it properly.

(7 pts)

Is it Wise to Make Friends Online?

People would like to make the best of Internet to broaden their minds, they can get large information, they can play interesting games, even they can mak friends online. While a question has been arisen: “Is it wise to make friends on line?”

The Internet is not reality, you can not trust a person through the Internet. Now I would not like to talk about the advantages of the Internet, while the disadvantages you can not deny is existing. Many people make the most of it to do bad things, such as trick you that he is need of money eagerly and wise you would help him as a friend, or character as your friend to inform your family that you are in danger and need money to save you. All the things can be seen on the newspapers magazines,etc. So it is unwise to trust a so called online friend.

I can Jump to the conclude that it is unwise to make friends on line, because it is not reality, also we can not trust others without knowing the person well. So let’s do utmost to make the base use of the advantages of the Internet. Cherish the friends around us!

(5pts) Is it Wise to Make Friends Online?

I think it is wise to make friends online. First, Now job’s pressure more and more. Everyone cannot better talk face to face. Second, Friends online may speak everything of them.

Third, Friends online may help something of them and solve some problem.

The forth,Friends online may gain more knowledge and information.

All in all, make friends online is wise in the society. Make friends online cann’t change a 潮

流。Everyone may enjoy Everyone with his friends online.!

Section B Note-writing

Write on Answer Sheet Two a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:

Y our classmate, Jimmy, is head of the university’s swimming club. He has invited you to join the club, but you like some other sport. Write him a note, declining his invitation and explaining why. Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.

(9 pts)

April 22nd, 2007

Dear Jimmy,

It’s very kind of you to invite me to join the university’s swimming club. I am most grateful to be asked. However, I’ve already joined a basketball club. Y ou know I like playing basketball very much. I am afraid I do not have enough time to take part in two sports. I am very sorry for that and really regret that I would miss such an excellent chance of enjoying swimming with you. Good luck to your club.

Y ours,

Mike

(7 pts)

22 April, 2007

Dear Jimmy,

Thank you for your inviting me to participating in the university’s swimming club. But I regret to tell you that I’m not able to join you, since I found myself more interested in the basketball club. I hope you will not be angry to me.

Y ours,

Mike

(5 pts)

Dear Jimmy,

Sorry! I couldn’t take part in your university swimming club, because I more like football. I have to decline your invitation. What a pity! I am sure you will not be angry at me, because you are always my best friend.

Sorry again!

Y ours,

Tom

April 22, 2007

(3pts)

Hello, Jimmy:

I’m shy to tell you I like other sport. So I don’t take part in you club. Y ou may ask : why? Not because other reasons, I interested more in pingpong and it is more cheaper. I think, except me, more people will support you.

Tony

第二节作文写作方法

(一) 英文写作守则(Principles of Writing)

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa10696787.html,anize your thoughts before writing: brainstorm、make an outline、etc. 下笔前整合思绪:脑力激荡,写出纲要等。

2.Write clearly. Be concise. Avoid wordiness. 写作清晰,务必精简,避免赘言。

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa10696787.html,e good grammar and write complete sentences. 使用好的文法,写出完整句子。

4.Write simple sentences. Avoid a fancy style. 尝试简单句,避免花俏的句法。

5.Avoid slang、cliche and informal words. 避免俚语、陈腔滥调和非正式用字。

6.Avoid use of the first person (i.e. I/me/my) unless necessary to specific piece.除非必要,避免使用第一人称:如“我/我的”。

7.Writing naturally. Read it aloud. Does it sound natural? Does it flow? 自然挥洒,大声朗诵。整篇文章听起来自然吗?通顺吗?

8.Move logically from one idea to the next. Don't skip steps. 上下句意要合乎逻辑。别毫无章法乱跳。

(二) 了解英语写作特点

1.英语文章段落结构特点

英语文章段落结构一般有三部分构成:主题句+扩展句+结尾句

(1)主题句:所谓主题句,就是英语文章段落的中心思想句。它是英语文章段落的灵魂,在英语文章段落中居于主导地位。我们都知道英语文章一般喜欢开门见山,所以主题句一般位于英语文章段落的句首。其他句子都要围绕它而展开。

(2)扩展句:所谓扩展句就是为主题句起解释说明或论证的句子。通常我们写扩展句所采用的方法是举例子(for example, for instance, such as, a case in point is that---)、列数据(a ccording to the recent study/survey,---)等。

(3)结尾句:所谓结尾句就是总结句。英语写作也类似于汉语写作,最后再把自己本段落的写作目的陈述一下。但是在英语写作中结尾句毕竟还是少数。

因此我们通常看到英语的文章段落结构60%-70%都是由主题句+扩展句构成。

2.主旨句

作为主旨句就是英语文章的中心思想句。英语文章一般首先用一句话概括一下作者的写作目的或意图,我们就把这句话称之为主旨句。没有受过写作训练的考生是不会写主旨句的。因此这样的文章就不能够称之为好的英语文章,自然也得不到阅卷人的青睐了。

第三节专四写作模式

审题+确定主题句+三段式作文+修改完善

一、审题

历年题型分析

1.对比选择型

(1) Advantages/ Disadvantages

1999A Major Advantage / Disadvantage of Advertising on Television

1995The Advantages and Disadvantages of Part-time Jobs

1994TV: a Good Thing or a Bad Thing?

(2)A/B

1996Main Difference Between My College Life and My Middle School Life

2004Will Phones Kill Letter Writing?

2006 Saving Money or Using Tomorrow’s Money?

(3)Y es/No

1997More Pressure from Academic Studies Does (or Does not) Good to Us

2007 Is It Wise to Make Friends Oneline?

2. 给定观点型

2000The Importance of Extracurricular Activities

2001Travel Broadens the Mind

2003 The Importance of Keeping a Good Mood

3. 自由发挥型

(1)My Idea

1992My View on Reading Extensively

1993My Idea of Becoming a Teacher in the future

2005My Idea of a University Art Festival

(2) The Best Way

1998One way to solve the problem

2002The Best Way to Stay Healthy

二、确定主题句

Subject + Attitude

A Major Advantage / Disadvantage of Advertising on Television

(1)In my opinion, I am in favor of the advertising on TV

(2)There are two reasons, I think, for the growing number of ads on TV

(3)In conclusion, TV ads play a very important role in our economic

behavior

三、三段作文

提出论题(开头)+进行论证(中间、支持)+给出结论(结尾)

1. 开头

(1)引用

Knowledge is power. Knowledge is the foundation of one’s development. So we should try to gain more knowledge. Reading extensively is an effective way in getting knowledge.

(2) 提问

Nowadays, the desire for good health is universal. …However, which do you think is the best way to keep healthy?

Why should I chose to attend college? Is the four-year academic life worthwhile?…

(3) 开门见山

Reading is important for us. For English majors, extensive reading is a very important way to improve English…

(4) 间接开头

Nowadays we can see ads on TV every day . Some people believe that ads on TV can bring us benefits, but others don’t think so. In my opinion, I am in favor of the advertising on TV.

(5)概括

Recently, people in modern society live under a lot of pressure from education, career or family. We often hear cases of going mad or committing suicide by those who cannot handle them well. So, keeping a good mood becomes a hot topic.

2. 中间(支持段)

例证法,比较-对比法、因果法等

(I)说明原因型模块(1)

Nowadays ,there are more and more XX in some big cities . It is estimated

that ( 1 ).

Why have there been so many XX ? Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows.

The first one is that ( 2 ) .Besides,( 3 ) . The third reason is ( 4 ).

To sum up ,the main cause of XX is due to ( 5 ) .

It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing ,( 6 ).

On the other hand ,( 7 ). All these measures will certainly reduce the

number of XX .

注释:

(1)用具体数据说明XX现象

(2)原因一

(3)原因二

(4)原因三

(5)指出主要原因

(6)解决建议一

(7)解决建议二

Generation gap between parents and children

Nowadays , there are more and more misunderstanding between parents and

children which is so- called generation gap . It is estimated that (75 percentage of parents often complain their children's unreasonable behavior while children

usually think their parents too old fashioned).

Why have there been so much misunderstanding between parents and children?

Maybe the reasons can be listed as follows . The first one is that( the two generations, having grown up at different times, have different likes and dislikes ,thus the disagreement often rises between them) . Besides,(due to having little in common to talk about , they are not willing to sit face to face ) . The third reason is (with the

pace of modern life becoming faster and faster , both of them are so busy with their

work or study that they don't spare enough time to exchange ideas ).To sum up ,the main cause of it is due to ( lake of communication and understanding each other) .

It is high time that something were done upon it. For one thing (children should

respect their parents ).On the other hand ,( parents also should show solicitude for their children). All these measures will certainly bridge the generation gap .

(II)说明原因型模块(2)

Currently, XX has been the order of the day .This does demonstrate the theory --- nothing is more valuable than XX .

It is clear that ( 1 ). If you ( 2 ), as a result ,

your dreams will come true . On the contrary, if you ( 3 ).

Failure will be following with you .It turns out that all your plan falls through .

No one can deny another fact that ( 4 ) .Y ou don’t have to

look very far to find out the truth , in respect that we all know ( 5 ) .

It will exert a profound influence upon ( 6 ).

With reference to my standpoint ,I think ( 7 ).

注释:

1 :XX的第一个优点

2:支持XX的做法

3:不支持XX的做法

4:XX的第二个优点

5:举例证明优点二

6:说明XX优点三的影响

The impact of Television

In recent years , with the development of science and technology ,80 percent of all homes in China have satellite TV , offering as many as 50 channels .It has caused a heated debate on (the impact of television on children ). Many parents are worried about the impact of so much television on children.

The factors for (parents' worry is that children are indulge in television and spend too much time on it .) .First of all ,(with so many programs to choose from , children are not getting as much exercise as they should ).Then , there comes a case that ( some studies have show that excessive watching of television by millions of children has lowered their ability to achieve in school ).

Moreover , ( the effect on children's minds are more serious than the effect on children's bodies ) ,especially when ( the children are too small to judge what programs are suit to them ) .

(III)对立观点式

A.有人认为X 是好事,赞成X,为什么?

B.有人认为X 是坏事,反对X,为什么?

C.我的看法。

Some people are in favor of the idea of doing X. They point out the fact that支持X 的第一个原因。They also argue that支持X 的另一个原因。

However, other people stand on a different ground. They consider it harmful to do X. They firmly point out that 反对X 的第一个理由。An example can give the details of this argument: 一个例子。

There is some truth in both arguments. But I think the advantages of X overweigh the disadvantages. In addition to the above-mentioned negative effects it might bring about, X also may X 的有一个坏处。

(IV)批驳观点式

A.一个错误观点。

B.我不同意。

Many people argue that 错误观点。By saying that, they mean 对这个观点的进一步解释。An example they have presented is that 一个例子。(According to a survey performed by X on a group of Y, almost 80% of them 赞成这个错误观点或者受到这个错误观点的影响)。

There might be some element of truth in these people’s belief. But if we consider it in depth, we will feel no reservation to conclude that 与错误观点相反的观点。There are a number of reasons behind my belief. 。

Should the Older People Live with Their Adult Children?

Nowadays, it is a heatedly discussed topic to many families that whether or not the older people should live with their adult children. If all the factors are contemplated, I think it is better for them not to.

First, it may interfere in adult children’s independence and freedom. The situation will be worse if the adult children are already married. The new members of the family have no blood relations with the parents. When the relationship between the in-laws and the parents is not harmonious, the sons or daughters of the parents will be in an embarrassing situation.

Second, people of different ages have different ways of life. The old people like a quiet, peaceful and regular life; whereas the young love noises, activities, and unrestrained enjoyment.

Furthermore, people of different generations have different view and values. When the old live together with their adult children, they may disagree on matters ranging from minor domestic matters to national and international issues.

In short, it would be a better picture if the parents and their adult children do not live together: both the old and the young can enjoy complete independence and freedom, lead a life they like, and keep intact their affections for each other.

(V)社会问题(现象)式

A.一个社会问题或者现象。

B.产生的原因

C.对社会和我们生活的影响

D.如何杜绝。(如果是问题的话)

E.前景的预测。

Nowadays, there exists an increasingly serious social/economic/environmental problem. (X has increasingly become a common concern of the public). According to a survey, 调查内容说明这

种现象的情况。(或者是一个例子)。

There are a couple of reasons booming this problem/phenomenon.

X has caused substantial impact on the society and our daily life, which has been articulated in the following aspects.。

A dozen of measures are supposed to take to prevent X from bringing us more harm. Based on the above discussions, I can easily forecast that more and more people will ……..

Widening Gap between the rich and the Poor

These days we often hear about the widening gap between the rich and the poor. In my opinion, though it is an inevitable phenomenon in the process of reform, the ever growing contrast between the rich and the poor in China may give rise to lots of problems.

First of all, it may contribute to social instability. The Confucius once said, “ A nation is not troubled by poverty, but by disparity.”Unfairness in distribution of wealth puts the society at stake. Disappointed with their poor life, the disadvantaged have no hope in their future and take a hostile attitude towards the advanced. Then some of them take risks and commit various crimes, resulting in high crime rate and social unrest.

Secondly, the rich-poor disparity may lead to inequality of opportunities, such as

education, training, employment, recreation, etc. The poor cannot afford soaring education expenses, while the kids of the rich can study in schools with good teachers and facilities. Inequality in education results in difference in career development, which in turn worsens the situation---the rich richer and the poor poorer.

All in all, it is high time that our government took effective measures to improve the situation. Education is the best cure for poverty. The government should make more investment to ensure equal chances of education. We should create more job opportunities for urban residents and accelerate development in poor regions to narrow the rich-poor division so that all the people can enjoy the benefits of our economic reform.

3. 结尾段

(1)总结、重述法

From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw a conclusion that…

Taking into account all these factors, we may reasonably come to the moral that…

The reasons we have advanced support an unmistakable view that…

In summary, we should…

In a word, it is very important that…

(2)建议法

It is generally suggested that….

In short, we should…

In any case, it ought to…

It is high time that…Here are some examples for measures that might be done immediately…

(3)评价法

Admittedly…., but it will help…

After all, it has a profound influence, for ….

We are now entering a new era which requires…

Anyway, whether it is positive or negative, it is certain that….

(4)引语法

“All men are created equal”, so…

Bacon is right in saying that…

Many years ago, a great philosopher said that…

(5)预测法

If we consider…., is there…?

Why can’t we doubt that…?

(6)展望法

It is time that we urged an immediate end to…

There is no doubt that….

Obviously,…If we want to…., it is essential that…

四、修改完善

(一)学会遣词造句

1.遣词:

(1)词汇等级

所谓词汇的等级就是,我们在写作的过程中,如果想出一个基本词汇来之后,能够在这个基本词汇的基础上把它在提升一下,也就是我们一般写作所提倡的用“难词”。比如,我们一提到“重要的”,大多数同学首先会想到“important”这个单词,那么提升一下的话就可以想到它的如下同义词:

significant, vital, main, basically,

crucial, momentous ,etc

(2)词汇准确性

所谓词汇的准确性是指,我们在有一个词近而想到它的同义词之后,要结合语境选择恰当的用词。在这里必须指明的是,并不是词汇等级越高越好,必须还要考虑到适合于不同的语境。比如,眼睛大,这个“大的”形容词,我们首先会想到big,近而想到

great, large, huge, vast, titanic,

enormous etc。那么是不是用后面的词就可以了呢?或者说用上enormous等词更能博得阅卷人的好感呢?答案是否定的。在这里很明显用后面的词来修饰眼睛是不可以,只能用b ig,因为我们听过一首英文歌曲叫做“I am a big big girl, in a big

big world.”big表示眼睛大而迷人可爱的。

2.造句:

(1)词组

很多同学平时写作不太擅长用词组,对于他们而言最习惯的就是想到汉语,然后对应汉语思维写出英语句子,这种写作只能是单词的罗列组合,谈不上什么技巧文采可言,因此,写出来的文章必然就是所谓平淡如流水,没有英语的味道。如果我们能够在单词的基础上,进一步想到与之同义的词组,那么文章就会显得与众不同,更具有英语的味道。比如上面所说的“重要的”这个单词,当我们想到important的时候,如果从语法角度再稍加考虑一下,

会想到“be of importance”。因为,语法中规定:形容词等于of加这个形容词的名词形式。如果再提升一步,我们还学过一个常用的词组叫做“play an important role in---”。很多同学说自己的文章凑不够字数或是没有文采,那么采用词组进行写作是不是就可以解决以上问题了呢?

(2)句式

除了采用词组,要使文章更具英语的味道,我们还需要变换句式。没有受过正规作文训练的考生,通常采用的句式多为主谓宾、主系表。于是我们看到大多数的文章充斥着这样的形式:I am a good boy, and I am a student. I study in Shanghai Business

School, and I have three years experience in Hilton Hotel.这样流水帐式的文章显然不能得到高分。

写作中阅卷人喜欢的句式有以下两种:一是插入语;二是倒装。

第一,插入语。

所谓插入语,英语中有两种形式。一种是有两个逗号之间引起的成分称之为插入语;第二种是有两个半破折号引起的成分称之为插入语。如下所示(黑体划线处):

Jinan, the Spring City, is a famous

tourist city.

Other people may give us instrumentalsupport—financial aid, material resources, and nee ded services—that reduces stressby helping us resolve and cope with our problems.

插入语的作用主要有两个,一个是突出主语,比如说:He, who would like to play bask etball, is a good student.

第二个作用是解释说明,比如说:People, especially students, should work hard.

第二,倒装

倒装是我们写作中需要用到的。虽然略显俗套,但是却是很能满足阅卷人的主观感受的。常用的倒装形式有以下几种:

Only + 时间状语

Only when all of us join in the efforts of eliminating cheating at all levels can we e xpect to have a cleaner society and a more beautiful future.

Only + 介词词组

Only by planning his time carefully can he improve efficiency and make achieve-ments.

Only in this way can we master the

writing skills step by step.

否定词位于句首(hardly when; never; not only---,but also---; seldom)

在我一生当中很难遇到这样的人

Seldom in my life have I met such a kind-hearted man.

地点方位名词位于句首

In no other place in the world can onefind such enthusiasm for applying for

hosting the 2008 Olympic Games.

(3)修辞

无论是汉语写作还是英语写作,修辞其实非常的重要。它是作者写作功底具体事例地展现。所谓修辞包括比喻、拟人、排比等等。这里仅举一个比喻例子,还是拿“重要的”来举例。当你用完词组之后,如果你用上下面比如句子,则文章就会显得神采飞扬,试比较:

The bicycle is important for us.

The bicycle is of importance for us.

The bicycle plays an important role in our life.

The bicycle, environmental friendliness

vehicle, plays an important role in our

life.

The bicycle is like the air, water, and sunshine and cannot be parted with a

moment in our life.

那么很明显,最后一个句子是我们最终拿到考场上去搏击高分的句子。

(二)平时要注意积累(课文、范文、常用词组、分类词汇、句型、电视电台新闻、注意思考训练)

参考模板

▲My view on …题型

Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over主词(the increasing number of private cars). However, when it comes to this hot topic, people’s views vary from person to person. Some people hold that 观点1 (private cars should be greatly encouraged).However, others list the opposite idea with regard to it. They argue that观点2(the increasing trend of private cars should be limited because private cars have lead to some problems such as pollution and cost, etc.).

As far as I am concerned, I am in favor of the former/latter idea. I make out my case as follows: In the first place, while it is true that 观点1(private cars do give rise to some problems such as pollution, traffic jams and even traffic accident),it doesn’t mean/follow that观点1.1(the problems cannot be solved if some effective measures are to be taken. Admittedly, 观点2 (private cars are cost the owners more ),but this is not say that观点2.2.(without the cars the owners’ life would be much better)

Based on the discussion above, the conclusion can be drawn is obvious: the development and the purchase of cars should be encouraged rather than banned because private cars bring convenience as well as comfort to their users. (198 words)

▲Advantages and disadvantages of…题型

At present, there is no doubt that 主题plays an increasingly important role in 领域/运用范围. We are all aware that, like everything else, 主题have both favorable and unfavorable aspects. Generally speaking, the advantages can be listed as follows. First of all, (优点1)it make people’s everyday life more convenient. In addition, (优点2)a主题connect its users with the outside world.

Most important of all, with a主题, (优点3) people’s life will be greatly enriched.

But it is pity that every medal has two sides. The disadvantages of 主题can’t be ignored. To begin with there will be a danger of (缺点1)spending too much of time on it therefore ignoring what you should concentrate on. To make matters worse, (缺点2)主题may add to your daily expenses. Worst of all, (缺点3)主题may plunge you into an expected trouble.

As is known to all, 主题is neither good nor bad itself. Its effects on people depends, to a large extent, on how 主题is used. Now that the disadvantages have been put out, they will be paid attention to and eliminated to some degree. (182 words)

▲How to…题型

A long with the great economic development/the development of people’s living standard in China and the high call for 主题,more and more people are coming to realize the serious problem caused by 主题and how to solve this problem has become a big concern.

As the matter of fact, there are many ways which can contribute to the resolving of this serious problem, but in my view, the following ones may be effective. First of all, 主题(方法1) people should be educated to become aware of the terrible consequences of. Another way to solve the problem is to主题(方法2) tighten the relevant regulations or laws to prevent …. Finally, to make people forget 主题, (方法3.) a substitute for it should be found.

What have been mentioned above may not be the best and the only several measures we can take. But there is no doubt that the solving of the problem calls for considerable attention and efforts. With much attention and considerable effort, the problem is bound to be solved in the near future. (173 words)

▲Why…题型

With the development of society in modern times, more and more people realize that主题is of primary importance. Moreover, many successful examples (in advanced countries) have demonstrated the importance of the 主题. Therefore, in a developing country such as China, 主题must enjoy top priority.

First of all, the construction of our country and the development of society call for more 主题. Next, the improvement of people’s living standard requires 主题. Finally, with 主题, more opportunities will be opened up for those who seek to develop their own careers.

Considering the above discussion, we can see 主题is good not only for the development of our country but for every individual. The authority should adopt a series of measures to protect and promote the development of主题. (121 words)

▲Chart 型

As is shown in the table/chart/curve, the number of 主题increased from … million in 2001 to … million in 2002 and to … million in 2003. Apparently the number of 主题has been on a dramatic rise in recent years.

What accounts for the increase? In my opinion, at least three factors contribute to the changes. To begin with, the changes are closely related to the rising income of the Chinese. With their living standards steadily going up, they have adequate extra money to afford 主题. More importantly, the changes have a lot to do with the turning of the people’s attitudes towards and outlook on life. They have begun to try every means to ____. Finally, the changes are enhanced and promoted by the government’s bettering policy in the _____ field. Now it is possible for people to _____.

With the development of society, the increasing trend is bound to continue. As far as I am

concerned, it’s a good sign and should be promoted since it brings benefits not only to people but to the development of the country. (180 words)

▲A or B 题型

When it comes to 主题,it is inevitable to make the choice between A and B. It is inconsiderate if we rush toward a decision without careful analysis of A and B.

To start with, both A and B can make your life easy if you hold a right attitude and make a good use of it. However, A的优点. But, A的缺点. How about B?B 的优点. Unfortunately, B 的缺点.

Considering what is discussed above, we will find it is not difficult to make a right choice now. If we are particular about _____, we’d better choose A; but if we lay much value on ____, we’d better turn to B. In a word, both A and B will contribute something to our life and whether to choose A or B rests on every individual’s preference.(119words)

第四节英语写作中典型的病句.

一.不一致(Disagreements)

所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致,它还包括了数的不一致时态不一致及代词不一致等.

例1.When one have money ,he can do what he want to .

(人一旦有了钱,他就能想干什么就干什么.)

剖析:one是单数第三人称,因而本句的have应改为has ;同理,want应改为wants.本句是典型的主谓不一致.

改为:Once one has money ,he can do what he wants (to do)

二.修饰语错位(Misplaced Modifiers)

英语与汉语不同,同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置,句子的含义可能引起变化.对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视,因而造成了不必要的误解.例1.I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.

剖析:better位置不当,应置于句末.

三.句子不完整(Sentence Fragments)

例1.There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so

on .

剖析:本句后半部分"for example by TV ,radio ,newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子,仅为一些不连贯的词语,不能独立成句.

改为:There are many ways to know society ,for example ,by TV ,radio ,and newspaper.

四.悬垂修饰语(Dangling Modifiers)

所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清.例如:At the age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中"at the age of ten"只点出十岁时,但没有说明” 谁”十岁时.按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点,全句就不那么费

解了.

改为:

When I was ten, my grandfather died.

例1.To do well in college, good grades are essential.

剖析:句中不定式短语“to do well in college” 的逻辑主语不清楚.

改为:

To do well in college, a student needs good grades.

五.词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)

“词性误用”常表现为:介词当动词用;形容词当副词用;名词当动词用等.

例1.None can negative the importance of money.

剖析:negative 系形容词,误作动词。

改为:

None can deny the importance of money.

六.指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)

指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清,或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句:

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.

(玛丽和我姐姐很要好,因为她要她做她的伴娘。)

读完上面这一句话,读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚,谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确,意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为:

Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.

例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.

剖析:句中人称代词we 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为:

We can also know society by serving it ourselves.

七.不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)

什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。

例1.There are many ways we get to know the outside world.

剖析:这个句子包含了两层完整的意思:“There are many ways.” 以及“We get to know the outside world.”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。

改为:

There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:

There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world

八.措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)

例1.The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.

(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)

剖析:显然,学生把obstacles“障碍”,“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use (不断增加的使用)” 应改为“abusive use (滥用)”。

改为:

The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.

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1 Weather Weather affects all of us in one way or another, directly or indirectly. For example, good weather makes people happy and gay, while bad weather makes people sick and depressed. Besides, on a fine day, one can get out for a walk or play a game in the open air. On a rainy day, however, he can only stay indoors. In a word, weather is part of life for all of us. The first thing that many people do after getting up in the morning is to see what the weather is like. With a knowledge of the weather, people can arrange work and life of the day. If it is fine, he may decide to go on a picnic. If it is cloudy, he will have to take a raincoat or an umbrella with him when he is leaving the house. Whatever the weather may be, one tends to adjust his activities to it accordingly. In order to know what the weather will be, special people are hired to provide this information. They collect data, analyze them and provide the weather of the coming day. This information, which is announced on the radio or on TV, is usually very accurate. Thanks to the efforts of those professionals, we can always know the weather in advance and get prepared for it. 2

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英语专四作文范文:如何看待养宠物 There is no denying the fact that keeping pets is a hotly debated topic today. Some people claim that keeping pets is a good thing to do. They believe that pets, like cats and dogs, can help relieve the loneliness suffered by senior citizens and other social members who are confined to their homes for this reason or that. They also argue that keeping pets helps mankind understand animals’ world and develop positive feelings toward them. Others, however, hold the opposite view. They regard keeping pets as a useless but harmful thing to do. First, pets can transmit diseases. Secondly, the noises and dung of pets are sources of pollution. Last but not least, as many rare birds and animals are kept as pets, they will surely be hunted on a large scale, which means a threat to the balance of the ecosystem. Weighing the arguments of both sides, I am inclined to agree with the latter. Anyway, we can lessen our loneliness and express our love toward animals in other ways. And it is my belief that only by placing man and other species on an equal basis can we expect to have a lively and colorful world. 赢得尊重的重要性 Although we would all love to be Ms Popular at home and in the office, at work the task is not to be liked, but to be effective, says computer sales executive Andrea. "This is possibly the single most important lesson we can learn. You can’t always be popular. You shouldn’t have to be; it’s not what you’re there for. Progress depends on having your own ideas and sticking to them. And that means having the guts to make difficult decisions when you have to," she says. We’re aware from day one in our first job that every decision we make is either a building block or a stumbling block on our career path. We should use the time to lay the groundwork of future respect by being professional, responsible, innovative, diligent and reliable. Respect is never given for nothing. Claire knew that she was offered a move to Paris with her finance company because she had gained a reputation for keeping cool under fire. And the next step up the ladder would depend on her performance in Paris. "It’s essential to build regard if you’re going to be able to do what you want in your job," she says. Winning respect enhances all you do. A proposal for change is more likely to be well received; an application for a raise or a request for promotion is more likely to succeed. 诚信如金 Honesty means speaking the truth and being fair and upright in act. He who lies and cheats is dishonest; those who gain fortunes not by hard labour but by other means is dishonest. Honesty is a good virtue. If you are honest all the time,you’ll be trusted and respected by others. A liar is always looked down upon and regarded as a black sheep by the people around. Once you lie, people will never believe you even if you speak the truth. However, in the tide of commodity economy today, it seems that more and more people believe in money at the sacrifice of honesty. To them, among such things as health, beauty, money, intelligence, honesty, reputation and talent, honesty is the only thing that can be erased away. They don’t understand or pretend not to understand that honesty is the biggest fortune human beings own, and that it is the prerequisite for doing everything well. I think these people areto be pitied. In short, honesty is gold. Honest, your reputation will become great;dishonest, your name will be spoiled and your personality degraded. Therefore, we should never make such an excuse as "A little dishonesty is only a trifle thing. We should eradicate immediately the seed of dishonesty once it is sowed in our minds. Green Travel

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作文范文之英语专业四级作文模板

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根据最近的一项统计调查显示,大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。 travel by bike 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。 youth 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,在某个大学,学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。 five-day work week better than six-day work? 根据最近的一项统计调查显示,98%的人同意每周五天工作日。 更多句型:a recent statistics shows that … 二结尾万能公式: 1.结尾万能公式一:如此结论 说完了,毕竟要归纳一番,相信各位都有这样的经历,领导长篇大论,到最后终于冒出个“总而言之”之类的话,我们马上停止开小差,等待领导说结束语。也就是说,开头很好,也必然要有一个精彩的结尾,让读者眼前一亮,这样,你就可以拿高分了!比如下面的例子: obviously(此为过渡短语), we can draw the conclusion that good manners arise from politeness and respect for others. 【篇二:英语专业四级考试写作常用模板】 1. the most effective means to solve this problem is that ______________. in that case, 4. on the whole, it is high time that we recognized the significance of ______________.

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新考纲要求及题型调整说明 《关于英语专业四级考试(TEM4)题型调整说明》(2015 年版)的测试要求为:能在 45 分钟
内根据所给的作文题目、图表或阅读材料等,写一篇 200 个单词左右的短文。能做到内容相关、充 实、语言通顺、用词恰当、表达得体。本部分为命题作文,文章体裁主要属于说明文、言论文或记 叙文的范围,以测试学生的基本书面表达能力。
材料以两种形式出现,一类给出关于某一话题的两篇文字材料、观点相反,要求在阅读材料的 基础上发表自己对该话题的观点,材料总长度为 300 词左右。第二类给出一至两份图表材料和一份 相关介绍的文字材料,要求对图表进行描述并进行合理分析,文字材料为 150 左右。
评分标准 分项评分:内容阐述能力、篇章组织能力、语言运用能力。 内容阐述能力:对所给材料进行准确的缩写和充分讨论。 篇章组织能力:考查学生对缩写和讨论部分的组织安排,要求顺序合理、过渡自然、段落划分
合理等。 语言运用能力:考查词汇、语法和丰富和准确性,还包括书写规范如拼写准确性、标点运用、
卷面整洁等。

题型分析 1.两篇文字材料的写作
所提供两篇文字材料都是关于同一话题,但观点对立。因此,首先要对所给材料正反两方的观 点进行综述(summary),考查学生对观点中的重要信息的辨别、概括和转述的能力,其次要求学 生要提出自己的观点,考查论辩能力——提供同意或反对的合理论据和逻辑推理能力——说服类的 语言表达能力。
注意事项: 第一,概括错误。新的四级写作要求学生对所提供的材料进行概括,通常在概括能力方面,学 生容易将材料原文的主要信息未加以转述、原词照搬到自己的作文中,或者在概括过程中未能对观 点的主要信息进行归纳总结,将不重要的信息包括过来。 第二,内容不充实。评分标准的要求是“内容相关、叙述清楚、前后一致”,在论述过程中由 于思路不清或时间安排不合理等原因,造成内容空洞或论据不充分。例如:
Should Private Car Owners Be Taxed for Pollution? ......Truly, the private cars have caused many problems. According to a recent research, many emissions among all the greenhouse gases are from the private cars. The painful experiences in the past have taught us to live in harmony with nature and manage to avoid any incidents that may have an adverse effect on the environment. Besides, the contaminants sent by the cars are very harmful to our health. The pollutants will have a persistent impact on human body and are likely to cause a number of diseases. Above all, in recent years the number of private cars is growing at an unprecedented rate....... 修正后: ......To start with, the emission from cars contributes to the environment pollution. According to the study, the total gas emission of the private cars amounts to 30~60% among all the greenhouse gases, which leads to the deterioration of the whole ecosystem, such as climate change, acid rain and greenhouse effect. So it is these private car owners who should pay for the pollution, and it’ll be fair to use the tax revenue levied on their cars to treat air pollution. In addition, tax for pollution will be a good way to solve traffic jams which are becoming more and more severe due to the soaring number of private cars. With oil price becoming higher and higher, additional tax for pollution is surely a burden. Then those who want to buy cars will consider more when deciding to buy a private car. Consequently, the increasing rate of the number of the private cars and then the traffic jam can be controlled....... 第三,语态、时态等错误较多、衔接不自然、句子质量不高。这些问题都是由于语言基本功不 扎实引起的。例如:“Why are you always lack of money?” “As far I know...we use money buy food...”

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