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小学英语语法-英语的四个基本时态

小学英语语法-英语的四个基本时态
小学英语语法-英语的四个基本时态

英语的四个基本时态(一)---------一般现在时

A、一般现在时主要用动词原形表示,但第三人称单数后要加-s。动词词尾加-s与名词复数词尾的方法相同。(动词have第三人称单数用has,系动词be 的第三人称单数用is)。

1、一般在词尾加-s(包括以e结尾的词)

-s在清辅音后读[s],如like-likes[la?ks]

-s在浊辅音后读”[z],如read-reads[r?:dz]

2、以s,x,sh,ch,等结尾的词加-es, -es读[?z], 以o结尾的加-es,读[s]

如watch-watches[w?t??z], go-goes[g??s]

3、以f(fe)结尾的词变f(fe)为ves, -ves读[vz]

4、以辅音字母+y结尾的词,把y改i后,再加-es, 读[?z],如study-studies[st?d?z]

B、什么情况下用一般现在时?

1、表示现在经常或反复发生的动作或存在的状态。经常和often, always, usually, every day

等时间状语连用。例如:

Daming is a student. 大明是名学生。

She likes pop music. 她喜欢流行音乐。

He smokes a lot. 他抽很多烟。

2、表示主语的特征、性格、能力等。例如:

Linda likes eating noodles. 琳达喜欢吃面条。

She has a round face. 她有一张圆脸。

3、表示客观事实或普遍真理。例如:

The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。

The moon goes round the earth. 月球绕着地球转。

Summer follows spring. 春天之后是夏天。

4、表示安排或计划好的将来发生的动作。例如:

Where do we go now? 我们现在要去哪里?

The plane takes off at 11:30. 飞机11:30起飞。

C、一般现在时的句子种类:

1、陈述句(主语+谓语动词+其它)

①肯定形式:一般情况下动词用原形,当主语是第三人称单数时注意动词加-s 或-es,例如:

I have a pencil case. 我有一个铅笔盒。

She has a pen. 她有一支钢笔。

They like the apples. 他们喜欢苹果。

He likes pears. 他喜欢雪梨。

②否定形式:一般情况下需要在动词原形前面加上don’t,当主语是第三人称单数时在动词原

形前加doesn’t,例如:

I don’t have a pencil case. 我没有铅笔盒。

She doesn’t have a pen. 她没有钢笔。

They don’t like the apples. 他们不喜欢苹果。

He doesn’t like pears. 他不喜欢雪梨。

2、一般疑问句(助动词Do或Does+主语+动词原形+其它)

一般情况下一般现在时的一般疑问句用Do来提问,肯定回答Ye s,…do.否定回答No,…don’t.当主语是第三人称单数时用Does来提问,肯定回答Yes, …does.否定回答No,…doesn’t一般疑问句里特别要注意动词一定要用原形,例如:

Do you have a pencil case? 你有铅笔盒吗?

Yes, I do.是的,我有。No, I don’t.不,我没有。

Does she have a pen? 她有钢笔吗?

Yes,she does. 是的,她有。No, she doesn’t. 不,她没有。

Do they like apples? 他们喜欢苹果吗?

Yes,they do. 是的,喜欢。No, they don’t. 不,不喜欢。

Does he like pears? 他喜欢雪梨吗?

Yes, he does. 是的,他喜欢。No,he doesn’t. 不,他不喜欢。

3、特殊疑问句

(特殊疑问词What /When/Where/Who/Whose/Which/How+助动词do/ does +动词原形+其它)例如:

What does your father do? 你的爸爸是做什么工作的?

He is a worker in a factory. 他是工厂工人。

How do you go to school every morning? 每天早上你是怎么上学的?

I go to school on foot. 我走路上学。

Where do you live? 你住在哪里?

I live in China. 在中国。

Who does she go swimming with? 她跟谁去游泳?

She goes swimming with her friends. 她和她的朋友们去游泳。

Which one do you like? 你喜欢哪一个呢?

I like the blue one. 我喜欢蓝色的那个。

Which one does he like? 他喜欢哪一个呢?

He likes the big and light one. 他喜欢又大又轻的那个。

D、一般现在时中,哪些主语是第三人称单数,动词有哪些变化?

1、人称代词he, she, it是第三人称单数。如:

① He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。

②She has lunch at twelve. 她十二点吃午餐。

③ It looks like a cat. 它看起来像只猫。

2、单个人名、地名或称呼作主语;是第三人称单数。如:

① Han Mei looks like her mother. 韩梅看起来像她的母亲。

② Beijing is in China. 北京在中国。

③ Uncle Wang often makes cakes. 王叔叔经常做蛋糕。

3、单数可数名词或"this / that / the+单数可数名词"作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

① A horse is a usef ul animal. 马是有用的动物。

② This book is yours. 这本书是你的。

③ That car is red. 那辆小汽车是红色的。

④ The cat is Lucy's. 这只猫是露茜的。

4、不定代词someone, somebody, nobody, everything, something等及指示代词this, that 作主语时,是第三人称单数。如:

① Everyone is here. 大家到齐了。

② There is so mething wrong with the watch. 这块手表有毛病。

③ This is a pen. 这是一支钢笔。

④ That is an eraser. 那是一块橡皮擦。

5、不可数名词作主语时为第三人称单数。如:

① The milk is in the glass. 牛奶在玻璃杯里。

② The bread is very small. 那面包很小。

6、当数字或字母作主语时,看作第三人称单数。如:

①"6" is a lucky number. "6"是个吉利数字。

②"I" is a letter. "I"是个字母。

巩固练习题:

一、写出下列动词的第三人称单数形式:

wash_________ match _______ guess______ study______ finish_________ go________ snow______ carry_________ fly

rain look watch

wish put find

have know run

swim sleep speak

二、根据括号里单词的适当形式填空

1. She (be ) a writer.

2. It (look) like a monkey.

3. We (go) to the park.

4. He (go) to school.

5. Amy (like) eating fruits.

6. Hebei (be) next to Shandong.

7. He (be ) a worker in a factory.

8. Whose book (be) this ?

9. Dogs (be) our friends .

10. That blackboard (be) clean.

11. The desk (be) Tom’s.

12. Somebody (do) her homework .

13. Everybody (be ) ok!

14. Nobody (be) in the park .

15. There (be)someone in the classroom .

16. That cat (be ) mine .

17. A little water (be) in the cup.

18. Cheese (taste)well .

19. The letter “O”(look) like zero.

20. “4” (be) a bad number in China .

21. She (like)pop music.

22. She has lunch at twelve.

23. The moon (go) round the earth.

24. Summer (follow) spring.

25. I (live )in China.

二. 把下列句子改成第三人称单数句的肯定句、否定句、一般疑问句,并做回答。

I like playing the pinao in the music room . (Tom)

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答

否定回答

2. You need a pencil-box for new term . (Sam’s sister)

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答

否定回答

3.I do my homework at half past four in the afternoon . (she)

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答

否定回答

4. I have breakfast at twenty-five past seven in the morning .(her father )

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答

否定回答

5. I watch TV at a quarter past six with my parents . (Tom’s sister)

肯定句

否定句

一般疑问句

肯定回答

否定回答

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