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高中英语语法及练习之名词

第一章：名词、语法点及练习

1、以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数

以-f 或-fe 结尾的名词变复数，大多把f 或fe 改为v,再加-es ；也有一些直接加-s 或两种形式皆可。

（1）、将f 或fe 改为v,再加-es 的有thief （小偷），wife （妻子），life （生活），self （自己），leaf(叶子)，wolf （狼），shelf （架子），knife （刀子），half （一半）等。

这种情况可熟记下面一句话：

（2）直接在后面加-s 的有gulf(海湾)，cliff （悬崖）,roof(屋顶)

，chief （首领），belief （信仰），serf （农奴），proof

（证据）等。这种情况可熟记下面这段话：

（3）、两种形式皆可有的handkerchief （手帕），scarf （手帕），

dwarf （矮子），wharf （码头），hoof （蹄）。这种情况可熟记下面一句话：

汉译英

他按照自己的信念做事。

He acted in accordance with his believes .

He acted in accordance with his beliefs .

她房间里有两个书架，竖在长着大叶子的花的旁边。

There are two shelfs in her room . Both are besides the flowers with large leafs .

There are two shelves in her room . Both are besides the flowers with large leaves . 选择

Th e ＿＿＿of these cottages were covered with ＿＿＿.

A. roofs ； leafs

B. roofs ； leaves

C. roovs ； leafs

D. rooves ； leaves

2、以-o 结尾的名词变复数

以-o 结尾的名词变复数时有两种情况：

（1）、词尾加-s, 主要有bamboo （竹子），radio （收音机），zoo （动物园），photo （照片），piano （钢琴），kilo(公斤)等。可熟记下面一段话：

汉译英

那些带有袋鼠的照片洗不出来了，因为胶卷坏了。

The photoes with kangarooes didn`t come out,because the film was faulty.

The photos with kangaroos didn`t come out,because the film was faulty.

两位英雄是种植马铃薯和西红柿的黑人。

The two heros are Negros who plant potatos and tomatos.

The two heroes are Negroes who plant potatoes and tomatoes .

选择

Zhou zheng long was arrested because of the fake tiger＿＿＿.

A. photos

B. photoes

C. photoe

D.photo

3、常见的名词复数的不规则变化

man –men woman-women foot-feet tooth-teeth mouse-mice

goose-geese child-children ox-oxen woman teacher-women teachers

4、表示“某国人”的名词的单复数形式

（1）、直接加-s。主要有Russian s（俄国人），German s（德国人），American s（美国人）(2)、以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men或-women。如：English men(英国人),French women(法国女人)等。

(3)以-ese结尾的词和Swiss(瑞士人)单复数同形.如:Japanese(日本人),Chinese(中国人),Portuguese(葡萄牙人)等

一句话搞定这些规则：

我们两个是中国人，他们两个是法国人。

We two are Chineses,and they two are Frenches.

We two are Chinese, and they two are Frenchmen.

选择

Both Marx and Engels are＿＿＿.

A. German

B. Germans

C. Germen

D. German

5、具有两种复数形式的名词

（1）、penny“便士”。表示“价值”时，复数为pence；表示“钱币的个数”时，复数为pennies。

（2）、people表示“人，人们”时，是复数名词，无单数形式；表示“民族，种族”时，是可数名词，其复数形式为peoples。

（3）、fish表示“鱼的种类”时，复数为fishes；表示“条数”时，单复数同形；表示“鱼肉”时，是不可数名词。

汉译英

一英镑等于一百便士

There are 100 pennies in one pound.

There are 100 pence in one pound.

这条河里有各种各样的鱼

There are many kinds of fish in this river.

There are many kinds of fishes in this river.

6、容易混淆的可数名词和不可数名词

区分可数与不可数可以用“一分为二”的方法来判定，即把判定的事物任意分成两半之后，若每半都能有原来整个物质的性质，就是不可数名词。如：wood分成两半之后还有木头的性质，而desk分成两半之后就不是桌子了。

常见的一些不可数名词集锦：

air空气water 水cotton 棉花meat肉suger 糖ink 墨水gold 金子flour 面wealth 财富love 爱danger危险beauty 美丽happiness 幸福patience 耐心cold 寒冷honesty 诚实

7、可转化为可数名词的不可数名词

（1）、物质名词表示个体概念时常可数

wind风—a wind 一阵风tea 茶—a tea 一杯茶

paper纸—a paper 一份论文\报纸light 光线—a light 一盏灯(2)、抽象名词具体化时为可数名词，表示“某种人或物”

beauty 美人或美丽的事物failure 失败的人或事物

danger 令人感到危险的人或事物pity 令人遗憾的人或事物

surprise 令人惊讶的人或事物success 成功的人或事物

（3）、有些可数名词的复数形式有特殊的含义

Rains 大量的雨水，多场雨snows 大量的雪，多场雪

winds 大风，多场风waters 大片水域

sands 沙滩woods 森林

fruits 各种各样的水果glasses 眼镜

forces 军队brains 智力，聪明的人

looks 外表manners 礼貌

（4）、个别专有名词视为可数名词

ANewton 一个牛顿式的人物two Marys 两个叫玛丽的

选择

May I take your order now?

We`d like three＿＿＿and two＿＿＿.

A. tea;cups of coffee

B. teas ;coffees

C. cups of tea ; coffee

D. cup of teas; cup of coffees

8、’s所有格的构成规则

一般单数名词的词尾加-’s;以s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加-’；不以-s结尾的复数名词的所有格，在词尾加-’s.

汉译英

妇女节离现在还有两周

Women ’Day is in two week’s time .

Women ’s Day is in two weeks’time .

9、何时在最后一个名词后加s，何时在每个名词后都加s

表示几个人共有一物，只在最后一个名词用所有格形式；如表示各自拥有时，则每个名词后都要用所有格形式。

史密斯先生是我爸爸和妈妈的朋友。

Mr Smith is my father and mother`s friend.

露西的房间比汤姆和莉莉的都大。

Lucy`s room is bigger than Tom`s and Lily`s.

10、表示时间、距离等无生命的名词的所有格是在后面直接加-’s或-’。

他父亲离开五年之后又回来了。

Her father returned home after absence of five years.

Her father returned home after five years’absence.

选择

The village is far away from here indeed. It`s ＿＿＿walk.

A. a four hour

B.a four hour’s

C. a four-hours

D. a four hours’

11、of所有格与双重所有格的区别

Of 所有格用名词普通格或人称代词宾格，双重所有格中of后用名词’s所有格或名词性物主代词。而picture,photo,portrait等词用of所有格侧重同位关系，用双重所有格侧重所有与部分关系。

这是我妈妈的一张照片

This is a photo of my mother’s.

This is a photo of my mother.

What’s that on the desk?

It’s a letter sent by＿＿＿.

A. my father friend

B. my father friend’s

C. a friend of my father’s

D. friends of my father

12、名词的修饰语

只修饰可数名词的修饰语有（a）few, several, many(a),a number of ,more than one 等；

只修饰不可数名词的修饰语有（a）little, much,a good\great deal of, a bit of,a large amount of等；

既修饰可数名词也可修饰不可数名词的有some, a lot of ,lots of ,plenty of,enough,most, a mass of,all, quantities of, a quantity of ,the rest,masses of 等。

汉译英

我有几本有关园艺的书

I have got a little books on gardening.

I have got a few books on gardening.

每年大量的钱都被花在烟草上

A number of money is spent on tobacco every year.

A large amount of money is spent on tobacco every year.

选择

He doesn’t have＿＿＿furniture in his room---just an old desk.(2008陕西) A. any B. many C. some D. much

In china＿＿＿graduates go abroad to have further study every year.

A. a great deal of

B. many a

C. a large amount of

D. masses of

13、名词作定语时用单数还是复数

名词作定语说明事物的用途、材料等，一般用单数；

man\woman作定语时，单复数形式要与被修饰的名词一致；

还有一些只以复数形式出现的名词作定语仍然用复数形式。

a clothes shop 一家服装店 a glasses store 一家眼镜店

a goods train 一辆运送货物的火车 a sports meet 一次运动会

女同学正在操场上打排球

The girls students are playing volleyball on the playground.

The girl students are playing volleyball on the playground.

The ＿＿＿is just around the corner and you won’t miss it(2001上海)

A. bicycle’s shop

B. bicycle shop

C. bicycles shop

D. bicycles’shop

-It ’s getting dark earlier than before,isn’t it?

-Yes ,I think so. I see ＿＿＿ are on already.

A. the streets lights

B. the lights of the street’s

C. the streets’lights

D. the street lights

14、cause,reason,excuse 有何不同？

cause是造成一种事实或现象的“原因。起因”，后常接介词of;

reason是说明一种看法或行为的“理由”，后常接for;

excuse“借口，辩解”，多指为免受指责或推卸责任而找出的理由。

翻译

火灾通常起因于粗心。

Carelessness is the usual excuse of fire.

Carelessness is the usual cause of fire.

又迟到了，你这次的借口是什么？

Late again！ What’s your reason this time?

Late again！ What’s your excuse this time?

选择

-I’m sorry I stepped outside for a smoke. I was very tired.(2003 北京)

-There is no ＿＿＿for this while you are on duty.

A. reason

B. excuse

C. cause

D. explanation

15、mistake，error，和fault的用法区别

三个词有“错误，过错”之意。

mistake强调日常生活中判断和看法的错误；

error强调违反某一标准做的错事，包括道德上的错误；

fault强调责任过错或性格上的弱点、缺点。

这三个词在一些固定短语中不能混用，如an error of judgement(判断错误)，

by mistake(错误地)，find fault with…(找茬儿，挑剔,吹毛求疵)等

她的美德弥补了她的缺点。

Her virtue offset her mistake.

Her virtue offset her fault.

I broke off my relationship with John because he always found ＿＿＿with whatever I did.

A. error

B. mistake

C. fault

D. failure

16、energy，force，power，strength的用法区别

energy主要指精力、活力、身体内部的能量、能源；

force着重指发挥出的力量、效力、暴力，也可指物质和精神力量等，复数形式指“武力”；

power着重指人的权力、势力、能力和物的动力；

strength指本身具有的并能给人一种“强壮”感觉的体力或内力。

空军被派往前线。

Air power were sent to the front.

Air forces were sent to the front.

这匹马身大力强。

The horse was of great size and energy.

The horse was of great size and strength.

中国是个人民掌权的国家。

China is a country where the people are in forces.

China is a country where the people are in power.

选择

You are always full of ＿＿＿. Can you tell me the secret?(2007福建)

A. power

B. strength

C. force

D. energy

17、situation，state，condition，occasion的用法区别

situation“形势，情况”，指明确、具体的环境情况或处境；

state“状态，情形”，指人或物在环境、外表、心灵以及健康方面的状况，或指在某一阶段的状态或形式，常用单数形式；

condition“状况，情况”，指处于一定的原因、条件或环境产生的特定情况；

occasion“场合，时机”，时间性较强，表示某个时间内的状况。

副总统健康状况不佳。

The vice president is in a condition of poor health.

The vice president is in a state of poor health.

他抓住机会邀请她回家吃饭。

He seized the state to invite her home for dinner.

He seized the occasion to invite her home for dinner.

选择

School children must be taught how to deal with dangerous ＿＿＿(2006辽宁) A. state B. conditions C. situations D. positions

18、巩固练习

1、When he first went for treatment at the hospital he seemed to be hopeless＿

＿＿.

A. situation

B. case

C. condition

D. state

2、It doesn’t make any＿＿＿now what he says—it’s too late for apologies.

A. difference

B. effect

C. progress

D. development

3、We discussed the high rate of single parent family, and wondered how to explain

this ＿＿＿.

A. condition

B. state

C. situation

D. phenomenon

4、-Did you take the coat finally?

-No ,it was beautiful, but was out of my price＿＿＿.

A. control

B. reach

C. aim

D. range

5、He isn’t a reliable man. Under no ＿＿＿should you lend him any money.

A. circumstances

B. states

C. cases

D. situations

6、In recent years, China and US ha ve been a lot of ＿＿＿of views about the same

problem.

A. replacements

B. transformations

C. changes

D.desire

7、Eric was well prepared for the computer test so that he could be positive about

passing it on his first ＿＿＿.

A. intention

B. attempt

C. purpose

D. desire

8、You are really very kind. I’ll never forget the ＿＿＿you have done to me.

A. favour

B. deed

C. help

D.good

9、As is well known to us all, in China pigeons stand for peace. However ,in India

the wheel in its national flag is also a\an＿＿＿of peace.

A. symbol

B. sign

C. mark

D. example

10、In English college ,classes are often arranged in freer and opener＿＿＿and

many jobs are designed for students.

A. grades

B. ranks

C. customs

D. patterns

11、The little girl broke a ＿＿＿which is made of＿＿＿just now.

A. tea cup;glass

B. cup of tea;glass

C. tea’s cup;glasses

D. tea cup;glasses

12、-Mary was being badly treated when John happened to pass by and helped her out.

-I think it was not a pure＿＿＿but had been well planned.

A. coincidence

B. occurrence

C. arrangement

D. incident

13、It is a great ＿＿＿for a person to be able to drive when he is seeking a job.

A. advantage

B. chance

C. fun

D. importance

14、In the time of social reform, people’s state of mind tends to keeep＿＿＿

with the rapid change of society.

A. contact

B. progress

C. touch

D. pace

15、We have strong＿＿＿for believing that the mine accident in Wangjialing was

due to the poor management.

A. grounds

B. reason

C. cause

D. purpose

19、高考真题练习

1、Those who suffer from headache will find they get ＿＿＿from this medicine.

A. relief

B. safety

C. defense

D. shelter

2、 I haven’t seen Sara since she was a little girl and she has changed beyond

＿＿＿.

A. hearing

B. strengrh

C. recognition

D. measure

3、James took the magazines off the little table to make＿＿＿for the television.

A. room

B. area

C. field

D. position

4、This restaurant has become popular for its wide＿＿＿of foods that suit all tastes and pockets.

A. circle

B. range

C. area

D. division

5、After the earthquake, the first thing the local government did was to provide

＿＿＿for the homeless families.

A. occupation

B. furniture

C. equipment

D. accommodation

6、Last year the number of students who graduated with a driving licence reached

200,000,a(an) ＿＿＿of 40,000 per year.

A. average

B. number

C. amount

D. quantity

7、The doctor is skilled at treating heart trouble and never accepts any gift from

his patients, so he has a very good＿＿＿.

A. expectation

B. reputation

C. contribution

D. civilization

8 、The school advisers help you talk through your problems but they don’t give

you any direct ＿＿＿.

A. solution

B. target

C. measure

D. function

9、It took us quite a long time to get to the amusement park. It was＿＿＿journey.

A. three hour

B. a three-hours

C. a three-hour

D. three hours

10、From their ＿＿＿on the top of the TV Tower, visitors can have a better view

of the city.

A. stage

B. position

C. condition

D. Situation

( ) 1 She was very happy. She in the maths test.

A. makes a few mistake

B. made a few mistakes

C. made few mistakes

D. makes few mistake

( ) 2 We need some more____. Can you go and get some, please?

A. potato

B. potatos

C. potatoes

D. potatoe

( ) 3 _____are____for cutting things.

A. Knife/used

B. Knives/used

C. Knife/using

D. Knives/using

( ) 4 What big____ the tiger has!

A. tooth

B. teeth

C. tooths

D. toothes

( ) 5 Please remember to give the horse some tree___.

A. leafs

B. leaves

C. leaf

D. leave

( ) 6 -Can we have some ___?

-Yes, please.

A. banana

B. oranges

C.apple

D. pear

( ) 7 On the table there are five____.

A. tomatos

B. piece of tomatoes

C. tomatoes

D. tomato 2

( ) 1 They got much ___ from those new books.

A. ideas

B. photos

C. information

D. stories

( ) 2 He gave us____ on how to keep fit.

A. some advices

B. some advice

C. an advice

D. a advice ( ) 3 When we saw his face, we knew___ was bad.

A. some news

B. a news

C. the news P. news

( ) 4 What___ lovely weather it is!

A. /

B. the

C. an

D. a

( ) 1 -Would you like___tea?

-No, thanks. I have drunk two____.

A. any, bottles of orange

B. some, bottles of orange

C. many, bottles of oranges

D. few, bottle of oranges

( ) 2 He is hungry. Give him ___ to eat.

A. two breads

B. two piece of bread

C. two pieces of bread

D. two pieces of breads

( ) 3 It really took him:___ to draw the nice horse.

A. sometimes

B. hour

C. long time

D. some time

( ) 4 I would like to have___.

A. two glasses of milk

B. two glass of milk I

C. two glasses of milks

D. two glass of milks

( ) 5 Can you give me ____?

A. a tea

B. some cup of tea

C. a cup tea

D. a cup of tea

( ) 6 Please give me ___ paper. A. one B. a piece C. a D. a piece of

( ) 7 John bought___for himself yesterday.

A. two pairs of shoes

B. two pair of shoe

C. two pair of shoes

D. two pairs shoes

( ) 1 -How many ____ have you got on your farm?

-I've got five.

A. sheeps

B. sheep

C. pig

D. chicken

( ) 2 Some ___ came to our school for a visit that day.

A. Germans

B. Germen

C. Germany

D. Germanies

( ) 3 In the picture there are many____ and two.

A. sheep; foxes C. sheeps; foxes

B. sheeps; fox D. sheep;foxs

( ) 4 A group of______ will visit the museum tomorrow.

A. Hungarian

B. Australian

C. Japanese

D. American

( ) 1 This table is made of___.

A. many glass

B. glasses

C. some glasses

D. glass

( ) 2 -What would you like to have for lunch, sir?

-I'd like____. !

A. chicken

B. a chicken

C. chickens

D. the chicken

( ) 3 Children should make____ for old people in a bus.

A. room

B. a room

C. rooms

D. the room

6( ) 1 Tables are made of___.

A. wood

B. some woods

C. wooden

D. woods

( ) 2 I wonder why ______ are so interested in action (武打片) films.

A. people

B. peoples

C. the people

D. the peoples

( ) 3I have read____ of the young writer.

A. works

B. work

C. this works

D. the works

7( ) 1 Let's meet at 7: 30 outside the gate of___?

A. the People's Park

B. the Peoples' Park

C. the People Park

D. People's Park

( ) 2 ___ Chinese people are ___ hard working people.

A. /; a

B. We; the

C. The; the

D. The; a

( ) 3 How many were there in the street when the accident happened?

A. policeman

B. polices

C. police

D. peoples

8( ) 1 If these trousers are too big, buy a smaller____.

A. set

B. one

C. piece

D. pair

( ) 2 Last week I bought a TV____.

A. pair .

B. set

C. piece

D. block

( ) 3 There is a of wood left on the ground.

A. cup

B. piece ,

C. box

D. pair

9( ) 1 There are sixty-seven___ in our school.

A. women's teacher

B. women teachers

C. woman teachers

D. women teacher

( ) 2 There are five___in our factory.

A. woman driver B, women driver C. woman drivers D. women drivers ( ) 3 These ____ were sent to the villages to help the farmers.

A. women doctor

B. women doctors

C. woman doctors

D. woman doctor 10( ) 1 They write most of their___ in English.

A. business letter

B. business letters

C. businesses

D. businesses letters ( ) 2 We came to a ___ at last .and went in.

A. watch shop

B. watches shop ,'

C. watching shop

D. watchs shop ( ) 3 This shop sells apples, bananas and things like these. It's a___.

A. food shop

B. book shop

C. fruit shop

D. vegetable shop

( ) 4 She broke a___while she was washing up.

A. glass of wine

B. glass for wine

C. glass wine

D. wine glass

( ) 5 I've forgotten both of the____.

A. room numbers .

B. rooms number

C. rooms numbers

D. room number 11

1. September 10th is____in China.

A. Teacher's Day

B. Teachers'Day

C. Teacher Day

D. Teachers Day ( ) 2 -Is the broom under ____ desk? -No, it's under____.

A. the teacher's; my

B. teacher's; mine

C. teacher's; me

D. the teacher's; mine

( ) 3 Excuse me, where is the___?

A. men's room

B. mens' room

C. men's rooms

D. men rooms

12( ) 1 The football under the bed is____.

A. Lily and Lucy

B. Lily's and Lucy's

C. Lily's and Lucy

D. Lily and Lucy's ( ) 2 This is my____dictionary.

A. sister Mary

B. sister's

C. sister, Mary's

D. sister's Mary's

( ) 3 He went to ___ shop to buy a shirt.

A. a tailor

B. the tailor

C. a tailors

D. the tailors'

( ) 4 Joan is____.

A. Mary's and Jack sister

B. Mary and Jack's sister

C. Mary and Jack sister

D. Mary's and Jack's sister

( ) 1 In a few____ time, those mountains will be covered with trees.

A. year

B. years'

C. year's

D. years

( ) 2 It's about ___ walk from my house.

A. ten minute

B. ten minutes'

C. ten minute's

D. ten minutes

( ) 3 The post office is a bit far from here. It's about_____.

A. thirty minutes's walk

B. thirty minute's walk

C. thirty minutes' walk

D. thirty minutes walk

( ) 4 Half___ telephone calls are made in English.

A. the world

B. world

C. the world's

D. world's

14( ) 1 ____ face to the south.

A. Windows of the room

B. The windows of the room

C. The room's windows

D. The windows in room

( ) 2 Please take two___.

A. picture of the park

B. pictures of the park

C. the pictures of a park

D. picture of a park

( ) 3 The workers are repairing____.

A. the roof of the house

B. a roof of the house

C. roof of the house

D. this roof of house

( ) 1 Miss Smith is a friend of____.

A. Mary's mother's

B. Mary's mother

C. mother's of Mary

D. Mary mothers ( ) 2 This is a book of ___.

A. Tom

B. Tom's

C. her

D. him

( ) 3 The post card is sent by ____.

A. a friend of my father

B. a friend of my father's

C. my father friend

D. my father friend's

16( ) 1 Sydney is a city of___.

A. America

B. Germany

C. Australia

D. Japan

( ) 2 My father likes buying us ___.

A. cars

B. flowers

C. peasants

D. presents

( ) 3 In England, the last name is the ___.

A. full name

B. family name

C. middle name

D. given name

( ) 4 Mr Gao is a teacher. He works in a new____.

A. shop

B. school

C. factory

D. hospital

( ) 1 My father is a____. He works in a hospital.

A. teacher

B. doctor

C. farmer

D. soldier

( ) 2 -Which animal lives only in China?

-The____.

A. tiger

B. monkey

C. panda

D. elephant

( ) 3 April come before___and after___.

A. March; May

B. May; March

C. June; May

D. March; February

( ) 4 Which of the following is right?

A. China has a large population.

B. China has much population.

C. China has many populations.

D. China has a great deal of population. ( ) 5 Please do like this. Fold the paper____ and cut along the fold.

A. into pieces

B. in half

C. on halves

D. to half

( ) 6 You played the violin wonderfully. Will you please play another____?

A. one

B. game

C. programme

D. piece

参考答案：1. 1-7 C C B B B B C

2. 1-4 C B C A

3. 1-7 B C D A D D A

4. 1-4 B A A C

5. 1-3 D A A

6. 1-3 A A D

7. 1-3 A D C

8. 1-3 D B B

9. 1-3 B D B

10. 1-5 B A C D A

11. 1-3 B D A

12. 1-4 D C C B

13. 1-4 B B C C

14. 1-3 B B A

15. 1-3 A B B

16. 1-4 C D B B

17. 1-6 B C B A B D

高中英语语法讲解与练习之动词过去分词

高中英语语法之动词过去分词简介规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后)，不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。过去分词则属于类动词 1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.The cup is broken. 茶杯破了. 2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成. He is retired. 他已退休. 3. 有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构. 过去分词构成规则 1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则： (1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited (2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。live---lived---lived , (3)、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried , (4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped 2 、不规则动词，见不规则表一、当过去分词作为表语 The city is surrounded on three sides by mountains. 这座城市三面环山. 【注意】过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别:过去分词作表语,主要是表示主语的状态,而被动语态则表示动作. (1) The cup was broken by my little sister yesterday. 茶杯是昨天我小妹打碎的.(是被动语态,表示动作) (2) The library is now closed. 图书馆关门了.(过去分词作表语) 【注意】过去分词表示被动或完成, -ing 形式表示主动或进行.有些动词如interest, bore, worry, surprise, frighten 等通常用其过去分词形式来修饰人,用-ing 形式来修饰物. (3) The book is interesting and I'm interested in it. 这本书很有趣,我对它很感兴趣. 二、当过去分词作为定语作定语用的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语,既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表完成. 1. 过去分词用作定语,如果是单个的,常置于其所修饰的名词之前. We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions. 我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况. 2. 过去分词短语用作定语时,一般置于其所修饰的名词之后,其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁,多用于书面语中. The concert given by their friends was a success.他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功. 3.过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语,前后常有逗号. The meeting, attended by over five thousand people, welcomed the great hero. 他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会,到会的有五千多人. 4. 用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物,这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人,但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关.

高中英语语法填空专题训练和答案

Before the 17th century, most of the native English speakers lived in England. After the 17th century, British people began to move to other ___66___ (country). Gradually, English was spoken there. At present ___67___ (many) people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before. ___68___ (luck), native English speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English. English ___69___ (change) and developed when cultures met and communicated with each other over the past centuries. The English ___70___ (speak) in England between about AD450 and 1150 was very different ___71___ the modern English we speak today. It was the new settlers that enriched the English language and ___72___ (especial) its vocabulary. The English language was settled by the 19th century ___73___ two big changes in English spelling happened. English now is also spoken as a foreign ___74___second language in South Asia. China may have the ___75___ (large) number of English learners. 66.countries 【答案】countryother修饰用复数形式，指其他的国家。故是可数名词，此处由【解析】考查名词。countries. 填67. more 【答案】than ever before可知含有和以前比较的意思，要用比较级考查比较级。根据句中的【解析】more. 表示更多的人，故填68. Luckily 【答案】“”Luckily. ，故填【解析】考查副词。此处单独使用作状语要用副词形式，指幸运的是69. has changed 【答案】over the past centuries可知与现在完成时连用，主【解析】考查时态。根据句意和时间状语has changed. 语是单数，故填70. spoken 【答案】Englishspeak是被动关系，此处是过去分词作定语，故填和动词【解析】考查过去分词。． spoken. 71. from 【答案】be different from“…”from. ，是固定短语。故填和【解析】考查固定短语。不同72. especially 【答案】especial“”especially“”。特殊的，特别的是副词是形容词；尤其，特别【解析】考查副词。“”especially. ，故填尤其，特别此处指新的定居者丰富了英语，尤其是它的词汇。表示73. when 【答案】“…”，从句时态是过去时，故填当【解析】考查连词。此处引导时间状语从句，表示时候when. 74. or 【答案】or. 【解析】考查连词。此处表示选择，指作为第一语言或第二语言被说，故填 75. largest 【答案】【解析】考查形容词最高级。因为中国人口最多所以说英语的人也最多，此处由the修饰用 I had just visited my best friend in hospital with my mum,___41___hadn't seen my friend since she'd gone into hospital six months earlier. I knew where she was coming from as she was___42___(grave)ill, but as I'd been visiting her every week I had stopped seeing the obvious; my friend___43___(lose)most of her body weight

高中英语语法名词练习题

一、基础练习 1、T h e r e a r e o n l y t w e l v e______i n t h e h o s p i t a l.． A. woman doctors B.women doctors C.women doctor D.woman doctor 2、Mr Smith has two _______, both of whom are teachers in a school.． A.brothers-in-law B.brother-in-laws C.brothers-in-laws D.brothers-in law 3、——How many ______ does a cow have——Four. A.stomaches B.stomach C.stomachs D.stomachies 4、Some______visited our school last Wednesday.． A.German B.Germen C.Germans D.Germens 5、The_______ of the building are covered with lots of . A.roofs; leaves B.rooves; leafs C.roof; leaf D.roofs; leafs 6、When the farmer returned home he found three_______ missing.． A.sheeps B.sheepes C.sheep D.sheepies 7、That was a fifty_______ engine.． A.horse power B.horses power C.horse powers D.horses powers 8、My father often gives me ______ A.many advice B.much advice C.a lot of advices D.a few advice 9、Mary broke a ______while she was washing up. A.tea cup B.a cup of tea C.tea’s cup D.cup teas 10、Can you give us some ______ about the writer?． https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a910667946.html,rmations https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a910667946.html,rmation C.piece of informations D.pieces information 11、I had a cup of _____and two pieces of_____ this morning. A.teas; bread B.teas; breads C.tea; breads D.tea; bread 12、As is known to us all, ______ travels much faster than ______. A.lights; sounds B.light; sound C.sound; light D.sounds; lights 13、She told him of all her ___ and ____ A.hope; fear B.hopes; fear C.hopes; fears D.hope; fears 14、The rising _____have(has) a lot of ____to the crops. A.water; harm B.water; harms C.waters; harm D.waters; harms 15、How far away is it from here to your school?”----About ______ . A.half an hour”s driv e B.half hours drives C.half an hour drives D.half an hour drive 16、The shirt isn”t mine. It”s _____ . A.Mrs Smith B.Mrs” Smith C.Mrs Smiths’ D.Mrs Smith”s 17、Miss Johnson is a friend of _______. A.Mary’s mother B.Mary’s mothers’ C.Mary mother’s D.Mary’s mother’s 18、Last week I called at my _____Last week I called at my _____. A.aunt B.aunts C.aunt’s D.auntes’ 19、The beach is a ______throw. A.stone B.stones C.stones’ D.stone’s 20、I can hardly imagine ____sailing across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

高一英语语法填空专题练习

高一英语语法填空专题练习 (10篇) （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）一 once there lived a rich man 31 wanted to do something for the people of his town. 32 first he wanted to find out whether they deserved his help. In the centre of the main road into the town, he placed 33 very large stone. Then he 34 (hide ) behind a tree and waited. Soon an old man came along with his cow.“Who put this stone in the centre of the road?” said the old man, but he did not try to remove the stone. Instead, with some difficulty he passed around the stone and continued on his way. 35 man came along and did the same thing; then another came ,and another. All of them complained about the stone but not tried to remove 36 . Late in the afternoon a young man came along. He saw the stone, 37 (say) to himself: “The night 38 (be) very dark. Some neighbors will come along later in the dark and will fall against the stone.” Then he began to move the stone. He pushed and pulled with all his 39 (strong) to move it. How great was his surprise at last! 40 the stone, he found a bag of money. 二· Crying marriage? 31 (surprise), isn’t it? Factually, the custom of crying marriage existed a long time ago in many areas of Southwest China’s Sichuan Province, and 32 (remain) in fashion 33 the end of the Qing Dynasty. Though not so popular as before, the custom is still observed by people in many places, especially Tujia people, who view it as a 34 (necessary) to marriage procedure. It is very much 35 same in different places of the province. According to elderly people, every bride had to cry at the wedding. 36 , the bride’s neighbors would look down upon 37 as a poorly cultivated girl and she would become the laughingstock of the village. In fact, there were cases 38 which the bride was beaten by her mother for not crying at the wedding ceremony. In a word, crying at wedding is a 39 by custom to set off the happiness of the wedding through falsely sorrowful words. However, in the 40 (arrange) marriages of the old days of China, there were indeed quite a lot of brides who cried over their unsatisfactory marriage and even their miserable life. 三 In order to know a foreign language thoroughly, four things are neccessary. Firstly, we must understand the language when we hear ______31________spoken.. Secondly, we must be able to speak it correctly with confidence and without hesitation. _____32_______ ,we must be able to read the language , and fourthly, we must be able to write it. We must be able to make sentences that are grammatically correct. There is no easy way to success _____33_______ language learning. _____34________ good memory is of great help, but it is not enough only _____35________(memorize) rules from a grammar book. It is not much use learning by heart long list of words and ______36_________meaning, studying the dictionary

(完整版)高中英语语法知识思维导图

什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not

一般现在时vs.一般过去时

一般将来时将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。

进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?

进行时(2)

完成时(1) Part1 完成时的句型构成 1-1 陈述句型：S+has/have+过去分词(p.p.) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业) 1-2 否定句型：S+has/have+not+过去分词(p.p.) Sandy has been a nurse in this hospital for 15 years.(珊蒂已经在这家医院担任护士长达15年了。) 1-3 疑问句型：Has/Have+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Have you ever seen Peter in past 3 months?(过去3个月内，你看见过彼吗？) 2-1 陈述句型：S+had+过去分词(p.p.) This proposal had been deliverde by Eva before Aaron finished it. (这个计划在艾伦完成以前，伊娃就已经提交出去了) 2-2 否定句型：S+had+not+过去分词(p.p.) I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.(上周他来拜访我以前，我还没有完成工作。) 2-3 疑问句型：Had+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?(你结婚以前曾经参加相亲吗？) 3-1 陈述句型：S+shall/will+have+过去分词(p.p.) They wll have finished the meeting by now. (他们现在应该已经开完会了) 3-2 否定句型：S+shall/will+have+not+过去分词(p.p.) We will have not made 10 apple pies by the end of today.(我们在今天结束之前不能做完10个苹果派。) 3-3 疑问句型： Shall/Will+ s+have+过去分词(p.p.)? Will they have already left by the time we get there?(我们到的时候，他们会不会已经离开了？ )

高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习

高中英语语法易错题专题复习练习 1. My uncle bought me ___ MP4 as my birthday present yesterday. A. an B. a C. the D. / 【答案】A 【解析】此题题意为“叔叔昨天给我买了一个MP4 作为生日礼物”，故答案在A 和B 中选择，MP4 的首字母M 发音为元音，和首字母M 是辅音没有关系，故答案为A。 2. We decided to buy the flat because there was ____ underground station within walking distance and we could both take ___ underground to work. A. a, an B. an, an C. the, \ D. an, the 【答案】D 【解析】此题第一个空根据句意判断有一个地铁站，又根据underground 的发音判断首字母发元音，故答案为an；第二个空考查乘地铁的两种说法by underground & take an underground，但是此处考查的是特指乘公寓附近的这个地铁去上班，故要填the，综合两空答案为D 3. Gold is similar __ color ___ brass（黄铜）.

A. in, with B. in, to C. of, with D. of, to 【答案】B 【解析】此题考查similar 的搭配， A be similar to B ，相似于 A be the same with B，有一定混淆性，另外表达在某方面相似，搭配介词in，故答案为B。 4. What a dangerous scene! A car has missed the boy playing on the roadside __ only an inch. A. within B. for C. by D. at 【答案】C 【解析】本题题意为“一辆车差一点撞到那个在路边玩耍的男孩”，容易误导学生错选 A ，表示在一英寸以内，而真实意思是差一英尺，在英语中表示增长、降低、或者差距的正确表达是by+数字，故答案为C。 5. The girl has some balloons in her hand. One is red, ___ are yellow. A. others B. another C. the other D. the rest 【答案】D 【解析】此题题意为“那个女孩手上有一些气球，一个是红色的，其余的是黄色

高中英语语法-名词

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