并列连词和从属连词

并列连词和从属连词集团文件发布号：（9816-UATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DQQTY-

一、并列连词：

一）常见的表示语义延伸的并列连词有：

1.and

Justiceisonyourside.And justicewilltriumphoverinjustice.正义在你们一边，而正义是会战胜非正义的。

2.neither...nor

Shecould neither speakthelanguage nor writeit.这种语言她既不会说，也不会写。

3.both...and

Amanshouldhave both courage and perseverance.一个人既要有勇气又要有毅力。4.notonly...butalso

Weshould notonly bebold,butalso becautious.我们不仅要大胆，而且要谨慎。5.aswellas

Ihavereadoneofhisnovels aswellas afewofhisplays.我读过他的一本小说和几个剧本。

二）表示选择的并列连词有：

1.or

Youmaydoityourself,or asksomeoneelsetodoit.你可以自己做或者让别人做。2.either...or

Ileftit either onthetable or inthedrawer.我不是把它放在桌子上了，就是放在抽屉里了。

除了表示选择外，or和either...or还可以表示否定的条件：

1)NowImustgoor(ifnot)Ishallbelatefortheparty.我现在得走了，否则晚会我就要迟到了。

2)You'lleitherbehaveyourself,oryou'llnevergooutwithme.你要么老实点，要么就永远不能跟我一起出去。

三）表示转折或对比的并列连词有：

1.but

Hetriedhard but hewasunsuccessful.他做了很大努力但没有成功。

2.yet

Thecarwasold,yet itwasinexcellentcondition.这辆车子很旧，但仍处于良好的状态。

3.however

Shefeltill.Shewenttowork,however,andtriedtoconcentrate.她病了。然而她照旧去上班，并且尽力集中精神工作。

四）表示因果关系的并列连词有：

因果：原因和结果

1.for

You'dbetterputonyoursweater,for it'srathercoldoutside.你最好把毛衣穿上，因为外边相当冷。

2.so

Mysisterisexpectingme，so Imustbeoffnow.姐姐在等我，因此我得走了。

二、从属连词：从属连词是用来引导从句的。

一）引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：

1.when

Therewasprolongedapplause when hebegantospeak.他开始讲话时响起了经久不息的掌声。

2.while

Weshouldstrike while theironishot.我们要趁热打铁。

3.as

As(When)heentered,thehallburstintothunderousapplause.当他进来时，全场发出雷鸣般的掌声。

4.after

After IvisitShanghaiI'lltraveluptheYangtze.访问上海之后，我将溯长江而上。

5.before

It wouldbemonths before hewasfitforthework.要过好几个月他才能适应工作。6.since

It isjustaweek since wearrivedhere.我们到这里才一个星期。

7.until(till)

Ishallstayhere until(till)I'vecompletedmystudies.我要在这里待到学习结束为止。

8.assoonas

Assoonas hegotwell,hewentbacktowork.他病一好就回去上班了。

9.once

Once hesaidthat,Iknewhewaslying.他一说这话我就知道他在撒谎。

二）引导原因状语从句的从属连词有：

1.because

Hefailed because hewastoocareless.因为他太粗心，所以失败了。

2.as

As itwasalreadyratherdark,wedecidedtostopatthetempleforthenight.因为已经相当晚了，我们决定在庙里待一夜。

3.since

Since(原因)youdon'twanttogo,wewon'tforceyouto.既然你不愿意去，我们也不勉强你。

4.nowthat

Nowthat youareallback,we'dbetterstarttheworkrightaway.你们既然都回来了，我们最好马上就开始工作。

5.considering(that)

Theydidthejobquitewell considering(that)theyhadnoexperience.考虑到他们没有什么经验，这项工作他们已经干得不错了。

6.seeingthat

Seeingthat(Since)nobodywasveryenthusiasticaboutit,theydecidedtocancelth etrip.由于都没有很高的热情，他们决定取消这次旅行。

七）引导结果状语从句的从属连词有：

1.so...that

Shewas so moved that tearscametohereyes.她感动得热泪盈眶。

2.such...that

Itwas such aboringspeech that Ifellasleep.演讲枯燥乏味，听得我都睡着了。三）引导条件状语从句的从属连词有：

1.if

If youcandoit,socanI.你要是能办到，我也能办到。

2.evenif

Wewouldn'tloseheart evenif weshouldfailtentimes.我们就是失败十次也不灰心。

3.unless

Iwon'tgo unless youwantmeto.除非你要我去，否则我是不会去的。

4.incase

We'dbettertakeourraincoats incase itshouldrain(rains).我们最好把雨衣带着以防下雨。

5.provided/providing(that)

I'llcome provided(providing)(that)youletmeknowingoodtime.你要是及时通知我是会来的。

6.suppose/supposing(that)

Suppose(Supposing)(that)hewon'tagree,whatshallwedo假如他不同意，我们怎么办？

7.as(so)longas

Youmayusetheroom aslongas youkeepitclean.只要保持清洁你可以用这个房间。8.oncondition(that)

I'lllendyouthebook oncondition(that)youreturnitonMonday.只要你能在星期一还我，这本书我就借给你。

四）引导让步状语从句的从属连词有：

1.although/though

Everybodyworkedwithgreatenthusiasm although/though theweatherwasextremely cold.虽然天气很冷，大家工作得非常起劲。

2.evenif(though)

Evenif IhavetowalkallthewayI'llgetthere.即使我得一路走着去，我也要去那里。

五）引导比较状语从句的从属连词有：

1.than

Wehaveproduced20%more cottonthisyear than wedidlastyear.我们今年棉花产量比去年高百分之二十。

2.as(so)...as

Hedoesn'tplayhalf as well as hissister.他演奏的水平不及他姐姐的一半。

六）引导目的状语从句的从属连词有：

1.lest

Sheexplainedagainandagain lest peopleshouldmisunderstandher.她一再解释唯恐人们误解。

2.sothat

Speakclearly sothat wemayunderstandyou.讲话要清楚，以便我们能听明白。

3.inorderthat

Heassignedussomebookstoreadathome inorderthat(sothat)wemighthaveadeeperu nderstandingofthesubject.他指定几本书给我们回家看，以便我们对这一主题有一个较深的了解。

八）引导名词性从句的连词有三个：(1)that(本身无意义)，

(2)whether(ornot)，(3)if。例如：

Thattheywillrefusetheofferisunlikely.他们不太可能会拒绝这个建议。

Idon'tknowwhether(=if)thesefiguresareaccurate.我不知道这些数字是否精确。

需要注意的是：whether(ornot)可引导大部分名词性从句；if仅可引导宾语从句，而且不可跟ornot。例如：

Whether(≠if)theywillcomeornotwon'tmakemuchdifference.他们来不来关系不大。

Iwonderif(=whether)shehasreceivedourtelegram.我不知道她是否收到了我们的电报。

先行词与关系词的关系

引导定语从句的词被称为关系词。关系词根据其在定语从句中的功能可分为关系代词和关系副词。关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等,关系副词在定语从句中作状语。

含有定语从句的句子一般分为两层：即主句层（第一层）,定语从句层（第二层）。

when的用法总结大全

when的用法总结大全 when的用法你知道多少，今天给大家带来when的用法，希望能够帮助到大家，下面就和大家分享，来欣赏一下吧。 when的用法总结大全 when的意思 adv. 什么时候,(用于时间的表达方式之后)在那时,其时,当时conj. 在…时,既然,如果 pron. 什么时候,那时 n. 时间，时候,日期,场合 when用法 when可以用作副词 when的基本意思是“什么时候”。可用作疑问副词,用来询问某事曾发生或将要发生的时间,引导特殊疑问句; 还可用作关系副词引导限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句和表语从句,表示“是…时候的事”。 when可用作从属连词,引导状语从句,表示时间时作“当…时,在…的时候”解; 表示条件时作“如果,要是”解; 表示对比时作“既

然,考虑到”解。当when所引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,常将其主语、系动词或助动词省去,只留实义动词或表语,或者改写为短语。 when所引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。 when用作副词的用法例句 When did that happen?那件事是什么时候发生的? They stood respectfully when he entered the room.当他走进房间时，他们都恭恭敬敬地站着。 Iron will melt when it is made very hot.当铁烧得很热时就会熔化的。 when可以用作连词 when可用作从属连词,引导状语从句,表示时间时作“当…时,在…的时候”解; 表示条件时作“如果,要是”解; 表示对比时作“既然,考虑到”解。当when所引导的从句的主语和主句的主语一致时,常将其主语、系动词或助动词省去,只留实义动词或表语,或者改写为短语。 when所引导的时间状语从句用一般现在时代替将来时,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。

并列连词与并列结构

并列连词与并列结构 并列连词引导两个并列的句子。 1)and 与or 判断改错： (错) They sat down and talk about something. (错) They started to dance and sang. (错) I saw two men sitting behind and whisper there. (对) They sat down and talked about something. (对) They started to dance and sing. (对)I saw two men sitting behind and whispering there. 解析：第一句：and 连接两个并列的谓语，所以talk 应改为talked。 第二句：and 连接两个并列的动词不定式，第二个不定式往往省略to，因此sang 应改为sing。 第三句：and 连接感观动词saw 后面的用作的宾补的两个并列分词结构，因此whisper 应改为whispering。 注意：and 还可以和祈使句或名词词组连用表示条件。（or也有此用法） Make up your mind, and you'll get the chance.= If you make up your mind, you'll get the chance. One more effort, and you'll succeed.= If you make one more effort, you'll succeed. 2)both …and两者都 She plays (both) the piano and the guitar. 3)not only…but (also), as well as不但…而且） She plays not only the piano, but (also) the guitar. 注意：not only… but also 关联两个分句时，一个分句因有否定词not 而必须倒装。 Not only does he like reading stories, but also he can even write some. 4)neithe…nor 意思为"既不……也不……"谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。 Neither you nor he is to blame. neither…nor…一起用时，作为关联性的并列连词，连接语法功能相同的平行结构：Neither you nor he konws it. (连接用作主语的代词) The old man can neither read nor write. (连接动词) I drink neither coffee nor tea. (连接宾语) The story is neither interesting nor instructive. (连接用作表语的形容词) Gas is a substance with neither a definite volume nor a definite shape. (连接介词宾语) I believe neither what you said before nor what you are saying now. (连接宾语从句) 注意： (1)Neither置于句首时，neither…nor…所连接的分句均须主谓倒装： I don't like that girl. Neither have I dated her for a dance(约她跳舞) nor will I do so. Neither does he play the cello nor does his brother. (2)Neither…nor…连接主语时，后面的动词在数上应与靠近的主语取得一致： Neither Ike nor I am going to attend the meeting. (动词与靠近，故用am。) Neither Ike nor he is going to attend the meeting. (动词与he靠近，故用is。) (3)neither…nor…作“既不…也不…”解，故谓语动词必须用肯定式，不能用否定式

并列连词与从属连词

并列连词和从属连词 连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。如：and, but, or, nor, so, therefore, yet, however, for, hence, as well as, both…and, not only…but also, either…or, neither…nor, (and)then 等等。 1. 并列连词并列连词用来连接属于同一层次并具有相同句法功能的词；短语或句子。并列连词包括：基本并列连词如and, or , but , 关联连词如either...or , neither...nor , not only...but also ,both ...and, whether...or 等；介于并列连词与从属连词之间的连词；介于并列连词与从属连词或介词之间的结构如as well as , as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等；此外还有些'半连接词'，一些语法学家把它们称为连接副词，如nevertheless, however, meanwhile, otherwise, likewise 等，它们在句中做连接性状语。这类连词主要是从逻辑上，而不是从形式上连接句子，其关系比较松散。 1) 表示意义转折和对比的并列连词 常见的有：but , while, whereas, still, yet , nevertheless, likewise, anyway , only , conversely , on the contrary, by this time, all the same , fortunately, on the other hand , in the meantime 等词语。 2) 表示选择的并列连词 常见的有：or, whether...or, either...or, otherwise 等。例如： Either ...or 和whether...or 表示选择，其意义比单用or 要强，但由whetrher...or 构成的并列结构一般只能担任句子的从属成分。上例中最后一句，whether...or 结构在句中担任句子的从属成分。Either ...or 和or 一样，可以连接两个并列的独立分句，而whether...or 则不可以。or 用于表示否定的条件意义时，有时可与连用。 Or 连接主语时，如主语都是单数，动词则取单数形式；如主语都是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是复数，动词则取复数形式，如果主语有的是单数，有的是复数，动词的数则与它靠近的主语的数相一致。 连接两个主语时，动词的数也应与靠近他的主语的数相一致。例如： Neither he nor I am a good student. 3) 表示因果意义的并列并列连词 常见的有：for ,so ,therfore ,hence ,thus, accordingly, consepuently, on that account, in that case 等。例如：The fuel must have beeenfinished, for the engine stopped. It rained , therefore the game was called off. 表示原因的并列连词只有for ，它所引导的分句只是对前一分句补充说明理由或推断原因。for 引导的分句只能置于句末，而且必须用逗号与前一分句隔开。上面所提到的so,therefore 等词，有的语法学家把它们做为连接性状语。 4) 表示联合关系的并列连词 常见的有：and, both...and, neither...nor, not only... but also 等。 当neither...nor, not only ...but also 连接主语时，动词的数则与靠近它的主语的数相一致。Both ...and 不能连接两个以上的并列成分，也不能连接分句。例如：误：Both Mary swept the floor and Nancy mopped it. 5) 其它并列连词 常见的有：as well as, more than, rather than, no less than 等. (1) as well as 表示'同' 和'也' 的意义 as well as 用作并列连词时它意义相当于not only...but also, 但侧重点在后一并列成分上而as well as 侧重点却在前一并列成分上,A as well as B=not only B but also A. (2) more than 表示而不是之意. 例如: (3) rather than 表示'而不是' 之意. (4) no less than 表示' 同... 一样' 之意. 当as well as ,more than, rather than, no less than 连接两个成分作主语时谓语动词应于第一个成分的数相一致. 在使用并列连词时我们应该注意:

2014年高考英语语法专项训练--祈使句和连词并列句

祈使句和连词并列句 祈使句 1.知识储备：祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。一般不出现主语（you）， 但有时为了指明向谁请求或命令，也可以说出主语；谓语动词一律用原形； 否定式一律在动词前面加don’t。 3.考点及考察频率： ○1祈使句+and/then/or/before+陈述句(11/22） ○2祈使句与反义疑问句（5/22） ○3祈使句+破折号（4/22） ○4祈使句省略主语（2/22） 4.知识考点考察梯度： 祈使句+and/before/or/then+陈述句 1._______ at the door before entering please. 高一 A．Knocked B．To knock C．Knocking D．Knock 2.____it with me and I'll see what I can do. 高二 A.When left B.Leaving C.If you leave D.Leave 3.._____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. 高三 A．Giving B．Give C．Given D．To give 4.Don't be discouraged. ____ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. 高三 A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken 5.There are eight tips in Dr Roger's lecture on -sleep, and one of them is: _____ to bed early unless you think it is necessary. 高三 A. doesn't go B. not to go C. not going D. don't go 6. --English has large vocabulary, hasn't it? 高三 -Yes, ______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 7.____ straight on and you'll see a church . You won't miss it. 高三 A．Go B．Going C．If you go D．When going 8. Stand over there ＿＿ yo u'll be able to see it better . 高三 A. or B. while C. but D. and 9.______and I’ll get the work finished. 高三 A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour 10._____ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting.高三 A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search

when做并列连词的用法

when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词when 是不同的。这主要表现在以下几个方面： 1. 位置：when 引导时间状语从句时，该从句可放在主句之前也可放在主句之后；而并列连词when 只能位于两个分句之间，而且前面常常有逗号。例如：Come when you please. 你高兴来就来吧。（when 为从属连词）When I saw him，he was writing to a friend of his. 我看见他时，他在给一个朋友写信。（when 为从属连词）I was taking a walk，when I came across him. 我正在散步，突然碰见了他。 2. 意义：when 作从属连词用时，它所引导的从句表示主句中谓语动词动作发生的时间，即作“当……时”解；而并列连词when 连接的两个分句中，第一个分句表示的是背景，第二个分句表示的是一种突然的、意想不到的情况或过早发生的事情。when 通常含“这时突然”之义。例如：I was thinking of this，when I heard my name called. 我正想着这件事，突然听到有人叫我的名字。I had just fallen asleep，when the boor-bell rang. 我刚入睡，门铃突然响了起来。这种意义在孤立的句子中可以理解到，在文章中更能体会得到。如在“ I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor's shop ”一句中，“在街头漫步”只是“看见有家缝纫店”的时间，其后作者怎样走进缝纫店，想要什么样的衣服，怎样受到伙计的奚落，又怎样受到老板的奉承等情景均与“漫步街头”没有直接的因果关系。 3. 时态：when 引导的时间状语从句中可以根据句意的需要用一般现在时.一般过去时、过去进行时、分别说明现在，过去，甚至将来的行为；并列连词when 后面的分句中通常用非延续性动词的一般过去时，其前表时间的分句中可用：（ 1 过去进行时表示过去某时间正在进行的动作。 例如： I was cooking when I heard her knocking at the door. 我正在做饭，突然听到她敲门的声音。 He was thinking about the problem，when an apple fell to the ground. 他正在思考这个问题，突然有一只苹果掉到了地上。 （2 ）was /were going to，was / were about to，was / were on the point of 表示过去某一时间将要发生的动作。 例如： I was just going when he came in. 我正要走，这时他就进来了。 We were about to start when it began to rain. 我们刚要动身天就开始下起雨来了。 He was on the point of leaving，when someone knocked at the door. 他刚要走就有人敲门。 （3 ）过去完成时表示过早发生的事情。请看下述两种场合： （a ）过去完成时和含否定意义的hardly，scarcely，nearly 连用，和just，little 连用，或者与否定词not 连用时，表示“刚……，就……”的意思。 例如： I had hardly opened the door when he hit me. 我刚一开门他就打了我一下。 I had nearly reached the town，when the young man suddenly said very slowly，“ Do you speak English ”我快要进城了，年轻人突然慢慢地说：“你会讲英语吗” I had been there little more than a week when I set to work in earnest. 我到那儿还不超过一个星期就开始认真干起活来。 I had not been reading for half an hour when I heard steps outside.

并列连词 when 和引导时间状语从句的从属连词 when 是不同的

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祈使句和连词并列句

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祈使句连词并列

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十四祈使句和连词并列句79-10年考点汇总 祈使句 1.知识储备：祈使句是表示请求、命令、劝告、祝愿或建议的句子。一般不出现主语（you）， 但有时为了指明向谁请求或命令，也可以说出主语；谓语动词一律用原形；否 定式一律在动词前面加don’t。 3.考点及考察频率： ○1祈使句+and/then/or/before+陈述句(11/22） ○2祈使句与反义疑问句（5/22） ○3祈使句+破折号（4/22） ○4祈使句省略主语（2/22） 4.知识考点考察梯度： 祈使句+and/before/or/then+陈述句 1._______ at the door before entering please. 高一 A．Knocked B．To knock C．Knocking D．Knock 2.____it with me and I'll see what I can do. (98全国) 高二 A.When left B.Leaving C.If you leave D.Leave 3.._____ blood if you can and many lives will be saved. (01上海春) 高三 A．Giving B．Give C．Given D．To give 4.Don't be discouraged. ____ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life. (03上海春) 高三 A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken 5.There are eight tips in Dr Roger's lecture on -sleep, and one of them is: _____ to bed early unless you think it is necessary. (04重庆) 高三 A. doesn't go B. not to go C. not going D. don't go 6. --English has large vocabulary, hasn't it? (04上海) 高三 -Yes, ______ more words and expressions and you will find it easier to read and communicate. A. Know B. Knowing C. To know D. Known 7.____ straight on and you'll see a church . You won't miss it. (04湖北) 高三 A．Go B．Going C．If you go D．When going 8. Stand over there ＿＿you'll be able to see it better . (04天津) 高三 A. or B. while C. but D. and 9.______and I’ll get the work finished. (06重庆卷) 高三 A. Have one more hour B. One more hour C. Given one more hour D. If I have one more hour 10._____ the website of the Fire Department in your city, and you will learn a lot about firefighting. （08湖南）高三 A. Having searched B. To search C. Searching D. Search 11.Help others whenever you can_____ you will make the world a nicer place to live.