单词学习之词根struct
词汇学
名词解释 Extension of meaning, also known as generalization, is the name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo. It is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized.词义的扩大也被称为普遍化，是指词的意义的扩展。这是一个词的词义从表达某一专门的意义转化到表示概括意义的过程。 Narrowing of meaning, also called specialization, is the opposite of widening 16 meaning. It is a process by which a word of wide meaning acquires a narrower or specialized sense. 词义的缩小也称为词义的具体，与词义的扩大相反。这是意义范围较大的词向意义较小的的方向演变的过程 Elevation or amelioration refers to the process by which words rise from humble beginnings to positions of importance.词义的的升格是指原来表示低微意义的词转而成为表示重要意义的词的词义演变过程。 Degradation or pejoration of meaning is the opposite of semantic elevation. It is a process whereby words of good origin fall into ill reputation or non-affective words come to be used in derogatory sense. 词义的降格与语义的升格相反，这是词从表示褒扬或中性的意义向表示贬义的意义的演变的过程 Blending is the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word plus a part of another word. Words formed in this way are called blends or pormanteau words. 拼缀法是通过合并两个词的某些部分或一个词与另外一个词的另一部分相加起来构成新词。以此种方式构成的词被称作为拼缀词或拼缀。 Another common way of making a word is to shorten a longer word by cutting a part off the original and using what remains instead. This is called clipping.-另一个常见的构词法时将原词的一部分截去，只用剩下来的一部分构成新词，这种方法叫截短法。 Acronymy is the process of forming new words by joining the initial letters of names of social and political organizations or special noun phrases and technical terms. Words formed in this way are called initialisms or acronyms, depending on the pronunciation of the words.首字母拼音法是将社会组织、特殊的名词词组或技术术语的首字母连起来构成新词的方法。以这种方法构成的词根根据其读音不同又分别叫做首字母缩略词和首字母拼音词。 Back-formation is considered to be the opposite process of suffixation. Words created through back-formation are mostly verbs. 逆生法被认为是后缀法的队里过程。由逆生法生成的词多半是动词。 Morphemes are abstract units, which are realized in speech by discrete units known as morphs. They are actual spoken, minimal carriers of meaning. The morpheme is to the morph what a phoneme is to a phone. -词素（形位）是抽象的单位，是由分立的形素在话语中具体实现的。“形素”是实际说出来的最小的意义携带体形位与形素的关系同音位与因素的关系一样。 Some morphemes, however, are realized by more than one morph according to their position in a word. Such alternative morphs are known as allomorphs.有些词素根据它们在词中的位置不同可有一个以上的不同形素实现，这些不同的形素叫词素变体。 Derivational affixes. As the term indicates, derivational affixes are affixes added to other morphemes to create new words. Derivational affixes can be further divided into prefixes and suffixes. Prefixes come before the ward and the suffixes after the word.派生词缀。是加在其他词
大学英语词汇学期末考试 重点复习资料整理 权威版 后附试题
2012词汇学复习资料 The development of the English Vocabulary 1.Indo-European Language Family The Indo-European Language Family is considered as one of the most important language families. It includes most languages of Europe, the Near East, and India. Those languages, which are believed to have originated from this language family and developed alone different lines, show various degrees of similarity to one another. They fall into eight principal groups, which can be grouped into an Eastern Set东部诸语族: Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语, Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语族, Armenian 亚美尼亚语族and Albanian阿尔巴尼亚语族; a Western Set: 西部诸语族Celtic凯尔特语族, Italic 意大利语族, Hellenic希腊语族, Germanic日尔曼语族. All the languages in both sets shed some influence on English to a greater or lesser extent because each has lent words into the English vocabulary. Prussian普鲁士语 Lithuanian立陶宛语 Polish波兰语 Balto-Slavic波罗的-斯拉夫语Czech捷克斯洛伐克语 Bulgarian保加利亚语 Slovenian斯洛文尼亚语 Russian Albanian阿尔巴尼亚 Persian波斯语 Hindi北印度语 Indo-Iranian印度伊朗语系Bengali孟加拉语 Romany，吉卜赛语 Armenian亚美尼亚语 Portuguese Spanish Italic意大利语族Italian Roumanian罗马尼亚语 French Indo-European Language Family Irish Celtic凯尔特语Breton Scottish Norwegian挪威语 Icelandic，冰岛语 Danish丹麦语 Germanic Swedish瑞典语 日尔曼语言English Dutch Flemish German Hellenic，古希腊语- Greek
英语记单词顺口溜
16.红灯red 停一停， 黄灯yellow等一等, 绿灯green 要通行. 蓝色blue 是天空, 紫色purple要记清. 17医生 Doctor治病又救人 护士Nurse 来量体温 农民Farmer 真勤恳 司机Driver 忙的很 Baseball player 打棒球准 三十六行行行出状元，共同建设美好家园。18Spoon小勺来喝汤, Chopsticks 筷子细又长. Fork 叉子把西餐尝,
plate盘子桌上放, knife刀子切菜忙. 19.三种颜色交通灯，green绿灯请通行，red红灯把车停.yellow黄灯等一等,交通规则要记清,blue蓝天好心情. 一》Have has 有会用，我有你有用have，我们，你们和他们，都用have不用说，女的她，男的他，宝盖它，只 用has，不会错。 二》《二》我喜欢，你喜欢，I like ,You like,我们喜欢，we like,你们喜欢You like,他们喜欢 they like,唯 独她，他，它喜欢，Like多s好喜欢。 三》《三》doll, ball,wallDoll抱着一个ball,碰着wall,扔了ball,哭着喊着让妈妈抱。《四》 Today today 是今天，Tomorrow tomorrow ，是 明天Yesterday 是昨天，快乐每一天。《五》How are you ? How are you?你好吗？How many,how many，多 少个？How far,how far,有多远？Not far , not far , 不是不是没多远。《六》Balloon, balloon,是气球， 我乘气球去月球，Volleyball是排球，中国女排夺冠 球。
最新英语词汇学期末复习资料资料
1、选择题（2 ×15=30） 2、填空题（2×5=10 ） 3、搭配题(1×10=10) 4、名词解释题(4×5=20) 5、问题回答(5×3=15) 6、论述题(第39题7分，第40题8分) 选择题： 1. Which of the following is an initialism ? D. UN 2. The following are all nominal suffixes EXCEPT A. –ful . 3．Both English and B. Danish belong to the Germantic branch of the Indo-European language family. 4.Affixes added to the end of words to indicate grammatik relationships are known as C. inflectional morphemes. 5.Motiation accounts for the connection between word-form and C.its meaning. 6.Ambiguity often arises due to polysemy and C.homonymy. 7.Affixes attached to other morphemes to create new words are known as B .derivational affixes. 8.The semantic unity of idioms is reflected in the A.illogical relationship between the literal meaning of each word and the meaning of the idiom as in rain cats and dogs. 9.Usually a small number of languages have been designated official languages for an organization’s activities ,for example, the UN was established with five official languages English, French, A.Spanish Russian, and Chinese.中英俄法西
3L英语(看听学)第一册单词大全
3L英语（看听学）第一册单词大全（674个）meet 见面，遇见and 和 this 这 is 是 class 班级 her 她的 teacher 老师 Mr 先生 which 哪一个your 你的(所有格) pen 钢笔 the (定冠词) red红色的 sir先生 here这儿 you你；你们are是 thank谢谢 blue蓝色 pencil铅笔 green绿色的 book书 brown咖啡色的 schoolbag书包 rubber橡皮 his他的(所有格) Miss小姐 whose谁的 cap帽子 it它 yes是的，是 come来 sit坐 down向下 sit down坐下 please请 ruler尺 kick踢 ball球 all全部的 right对的 all right行，可以 look看，注意 oh嗬，哦 sorry对不起, 抱歉 It’s all right没关系 yellow黄色的 bicycle自行车 pencil-box铅笔盒 basket篮子 desk课桌 white白的 umbrella雨伞 car汽车 grey灰的 table桌子 black黑色的 chair椅子 who谁 that那一个
girl女孩 on在...上面 in在…里面 boy男孩 with在此作“拿着”解football足球 he他 brother兄弟woman妇女 man男人 sister姐妹 hullo喂 mum妈妈 tea茶，茶叶ready准备好的hungry饿的 am是的 no不 not不 what什么 now现在 very非常thirsty渴的 busy忙的 tired累的 hot热的 cold冷的 look at看... my我的(所有格) picture图画，图片 nice好的，美的 egg蛋 listen听 dad爸爸 eat吃 quickly快地 put放 cup杯子 eggcup放蛋的杯子 like像 evening晚上 good evening晚上 好 children孩子们 empty空的 apple苹果 orange桔子 ice-cream冰淇淋 school学校 put on穿上 hat有边的帽子 shoe鞋子 funny有趣的 too也 me我宾格 knock敲，打 door门 actor男演员 actress女演员 schoolboy男学生 schoolgirl女学生 policeman男警察 policewoman女警 察 postman邮递员 milkman送牛奶的人
英语单词顺口溜
从一数到十的顺口溜小儿歌：一是one，一只小猫团团转；二是two，两只松鼠在爬树；三是three，三个小孩做游戏；四是four，四只小猴摘苹果；五是five，五艘轮船要出海；六是six，又学数数又背诗；七是seven，不怕雨来不怕风；八是eight，墙角开着八枝梅；九是nine，九只小羊把门开；十是ten，抬头望见蓝蓝的天。
脸部五官英语单词顺口溜1：Face脸蛋儿红又红， 眼睛eyes亮晶晶， Head脑袋大又灵， 鼻子nose像山峰， Mouth小嘴把歌唱， 耳朵ears仔细听。 脸部五官英语单词顺口溜2：Head脑袋圆又圆， 头发hair长上边， Face脸儿像圆盘， 鼻子nose像小山。 Ear耳朵听明白， 鼻子nose,眼睛eye。 脸部五官英语单词顺口溜3：head头,face脸， ear耳朵挂两边。 eye眼睛像葡萄， 高高的nose在中间，mouth 头部五官记心间。
交通工具英语单词顺口溜1： plane plane 天上飞, ship ship 水中游， 爬山路jeep 强, 建筑工地truck 忙, 奔驰car 真气派, 城市运输bus强, bike 虽然体积小, 锻炼身体又环保。 交通工具英语单词顺口溜2： truck、truck大卡车，南来北往忙运货；bus、bus公交车，上班上学把它坐；car、car小轿车，美丽舒适我爱坐；jeep、jeep吉普车，背个车轮乐呵呵；bike、bike自行车，不怕下坡怕上坡；train、train是火车，长长铁轨唱着歌。多学几个交通工具英语单词： taxi 出租汽车 underground, tube, subway 地铁 train 火车 boat, ship 船 plane, aircraft, airplane 飞机
英语词汇学期末论文
英语词汇学期末论文 题目：浅析英语词汇巧记法 专业：英语 班级：13级3班 学号：201313010309 姓名：黄旷静 完成时间：2015年1月14号
浅析英语词汇巧记法 摘要：词汇是英语学习的基础，没有足够的词汇量就不可能高水平的掌握英语这门外语，而浩瀚的词汇海洋让很多人望而生畏。尽管花费了大量时间精力去背，记忆的效果却差强人意，原因就在于没有使用科学的方法记忆词汇。其实，世间万物都是有规律性的，英语单词的组词与构词方法也有规律，了解了它的规律有利于我们有效甚至高效学习英语单词。为了提高单词记忆的效率，本文从不同方面介绍几种记忆方法。 关键词：词汇科学记忆规律效率 一．读音记忆法 1.拼读法 英语是拼音文字，英语中的单词的读音大多是有规律的，熟悉字母及字母组合的发音规则，掌握正确的拼法与读音之间的关系，可以根据单词的读音，降低记忆难度，正确地拼写单词。 例如ay读[ei]。带有ay字母组合的词，如say，day，way，pay，may，play，spray，不仅发音容易，而且拼写也没有任何困难。Sh ch tion ture 等也都有固定读音，ee发音为i: culture 文化pasture牧场mature 成熟的architecture 建筑学带有true的单词也都能很方便的记忆下来
2.谐音法 尽管有些人认为用这种谐音记忆法记忆单词不科学，不利于正确掌握发音，但实践证明，对尚未掌握外语的构词特点和记词规律的初学者来说，采用谐音法记单词确实能有效地记住一部分难记的单词。但是，在用谐音法记单词时需要特别注意，绝不可将其作为模仿发音的依据，只能作为记忆单词时的谐音联想手段，以加强记忆，而必须按照单词的标准发音去读记，以避免这种记词法干扰正确发音。用谐音法记单词是，根据外语单词的读音到中文中寻找与其读音相似的谐音，寻找到谐音与单词的联系。用这种方法甚至可能达到终身不忘，这也正是谐音记忆法的绝妙之处。 例如：mouth嘴[联想：说话“冒失”的就是嘴] think想[联想：想时要“深刻”] 二．联想法 1.拆分联想 科学研究表明：联想是记忆的基础。世界著名的生理学家巴甫洛夫指出："记忆要依靠联想，而联想则是新旧知识建立联系的产物。”联想法是联想记忆的进一步运用和发展。它是指学习者展开积极丰富的想象力，使所要记忆的知识生动、形象化，通过联想在新旧知识(如英语熟词词义与生词词义)之间建立起一种联系，从而达到以旧带新、快速记忆的目的。
看听学一册单词
Lesson1 meet vt.见面,遇见and conj.和this pron.这is vi.是class n.班级her pron.她的teacher n.老师Mr 先生which pron.哪一个your pron.你的pen n.钢笔the art.(定冠词) red a.红色的sir n.先生here ad.这儿you pron.你;你们are vi.是thank vt.谢谢Lesson2 blue a.蓝色pencil n.铅笔green a.绿色的book n.书 brown a.咖啡色的 schoolbag n.书包 rubber n.橡皮 Lesson3 his pron.他的 Miss 小姐 whose pron.谁的 cap n.帽子 it pron.它 yes ad.是的,是 come vi.来 sit vi.坐 down prep.向下 sit down 坐下 please ad.请 Lesson4 ruler n.尺 Lesson5 kick vt.踢 ball n.球 all a.全部的 right a.对的 all right 行,可以 look vi.看,注意 oh int.嗬,哦 sorry a.对不起 It's all right.没关系 Lesson6 yellow a.黄色的 bicycle n.自行车 pencil-box n.铅笔盒 basket n.篮子 desk n.课桌 white a.白的 umbrella n.雨伞 car n.汽车 grey=gray a.灰的 table n.桌 子 black a.黑色的 chair n.椅子 Lesson7 who pron.谁 that pron.那一个 girl n.女孩 on prep.在...上面 in prep.在…里面 boy n.男孩 with 拿着 football n.足球 he pron.他 brother n.兄弟 Lesson8 woman n.妇女 man n.男人 sister n.姐妹 Lesson9 hullo int.喂 mum n.妈妈 tea n.茶,茶叶 ready a.准备好的 hungry a.饿的 am vi.是的 no ad.不 not ad.不 what pron.什么 now ad.现在 very ad.非常
英语单词顺口溜
1, 运动场上真热闹，踢球赛跑和跳高。运动场上走一走， 我也要来做运动。Sport sport 身体好，basketball basketball 正投篮， volleyball volleyball 要 起跳， table-tennis table-tennis小又圆， football football 踢一脚， tennis tennis 速度快， baseball baseball 你真棒， rice rice 比赛跑， high-jump high-jump跳得高， broad-jump broad-jump跳得远。 2，小朋友起得早，衣服袜子全穿好，衣服衣服clothes, 裤子裤子trousers, 衬衣衬衣shirt, 裙子裙子skirt, 外套外套coat , 鞋子鞋子shoes, 袜子袜子socks. 3.大自然，真美丽， flower flower点头笑， grass grass 绿油油，tree tree粗又壮，forest forest好神秘, mountain mountain座座连， river river停息， lake lake 水最美， land land 平又坦。 4，一个星期有七天，小朋友们记心间， Monday Monday 星期一，猴子花钱坐飞机，Tuesday Tuesday 星期二，猴子屁
股摔两半儿， Wednesday Wedneday 星期三，猴子爬上花果山，Thusday Thusday 星期四，猴子猴子去考试， Friday Friday 星期五，猴子遇上大老虎， Saturday Saturday 星期六，猴子上树摘石榴， Sunday Sunday 星期天，猴子休息上公园。5，米饭rice 白又香，面条noodle 细又长，蛋糕 cake 甜蜜蜜， pork 烧得香又香，鱼肉 fish 小心刺，鸡蛋 egg 圆又圆，扁豆 bean 粒粒鼓，玉米 corn 胡子长。Help yourselves. 随便吃。 6，我是I,你是you, 来是come,去是go.,见面说声hello ,hello hello hello ,你好吗How are you 谢谢你，Thank you. 对不起，Sorry . 没关系，It’s OK.交个朋友，Nice to meet you. 见面问声，6Hi HI. 再见再见，bye bye , 早上好，Good morning . 晚安晚安，Good night. 7，动物园里里真热闹，funny monkey满山跳， short dog 汪汪叫，tall giraffe 在吃草，small mouse四处逃，big elephant 在摇头。
词汇学词根讲解
最常用英语词根、词缀 ------ 词根----- ag,act 做，驱动 agent代理人active活动的，积极的 agr 农田 agriculture农业agrarian田地的 am 爱，亲爱 amicable友善的amiable和蔼可亲的 anim 心灵，精神，生命 animal动物animate有生命的 ann，enn 年 annual一年的centennial一世纪的 astro 星 astronomy天文学astronaut宇宙航行员 audi 听 audience听众audible听得见的 bell 战争 rebellion反叛，反抗bellicose好战的 bio 生命，生物 biology生物学antibiotic抗生的,抗生素 brev 短brevity 简洁
1．ag,act 2．agr 3．am 4．anim 5．ann，enn 6．astro 7．audi 8．bell 9．bio 10．brev 1．做，驱动 2．农田 3．爱，亲爱 4．心灵，精神，生命5．年 6．星 7．听 8．战争 9．生命，生物10．短
agent代理人，agrarian田地的，amicable 友善的amiable和蔼可亲的animate有生命的centennial一世纪的astronomy天文学astronaut宇宙航行员audience听众audible听得见的rebellion反叛，反抗bellicose好战的antibiotic抗生的,抗生素brevity简洁 agent，agrarian，amicable，amiable，animate，centennial，astronomy，astronaut，audience，audible，rebellion，bellicose，antibiotic，brevity cede 走 precedent先行的，在前的precede先行 cent 百 centimeter厘米centigrade百分度的 center,centr 中心 concentrate集中centrifugal离心力的 cide,cis 杀，切 suicide自杀bactericide杀菌剂
词汇学期末复习题(附参考答案)
名词解释（10选5，一个4分） 词=The minimal free form of a language, which has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 词根=The basic unchangeable part of a word, and covers the main lexical meaning of the word. 词缀=Affixes are forms that are attached to words or word elements to modify meaning or function. 一词多义=Polysemy means that one single word has two or more senses at the same time. 同形异义=Homonyms are different words with the same form (spelling or pronunciation) 完全同形异义=Perfect homonyms are different words identical both in sound and spelling, though different in meaning. 同音异形异义=Homophones are different words identical in sound but different in spelling and meaning. 同形异音异义=Homographs are different words identical in spelling, but different in sound or meaning. 同义关系=Synonymy is a relationship of “sameness of meaning” that may hold between two words. 反义关系=Antonymy is a relationship of “meaning opposition” that may hold between two words.
李阳疯狂英语轻松记单词的50个记忆口诀
轻松记单词的50个记忆口诀 1.马戏团的鹦鹉 它一岁的age(年纪) 会说人的language(语言) 头脑很懂manage(经营) 要求增加wage(薪水) 惹得老板rage(发怒) 把它关进cage(笼子) 2.败家女的生活 天生就很lazy(懒惰的) 生活就爱cozy(舒适的) 上街血拼crazy(疯狂的) 体胖心感uneasy(不安的) 减肥虚脱dizzy(头晕眼花的) 成天沉溺fantasy(幻想) 3.贫农发家史 地下播下seed(种子) 种出却是weed(杂草) 只能当作feed(饲料) 生存无法proceed(继续) 冒险去采seaweed(海带) 脚被刺伤bleed(流血) 拼命加快speed(速度) 回来销售succeed(成功) 见财心生greed(贪婪) 4.武术冠军擒贼 那天我骑着cycle(自行车)见有人偷旧bicycle(自行车) 还美其名曰recycle(回收利用) 我便鼓起了muscle(肌肉) 八卦掌划出semicircle(半圆) 擒贼被写进了article(文章) 5.英国的过去 大英帝国无bound(边界) 英联邦国家abound(大量存在) 流通货币是pound(英镑) 随处英语的sound(声音) 满城绅士牵hound(猎狗) 6.超级逃兵 行军方向forward(向前的) 他的方向backward(向后的)
逃跑方式awkward(笨拙的) 其实是个coward(懦夫) 7.掌舵手 有一个volunteer(志愿者) 把船来steer(驾驶) 快乐是sheer(纯粹的) 神情却queer(古怪的) 高傲像deer(鹿) 8.码头黑老大 野心相当large(大的) 想把地盘enlarge(扩大) 要想在这discharge(卸货) 保护费要overcharge(多收) 谁敢把我charge(控告) 9.便宜无好货 话说有个student(学生) 旅行需要tent(帐篷) 去到商店rent(租借) 只要几百cent(分) 野营发生accident(事故) 原来没有vent(通风孔) 骨架还全bent(弯曲) 奸商让人resent(愤恨) 10.排骨抢劫案 教堂旁边的shop(商店) 正大声播放pop(流行音乐) 卖美味红烧chop(排骨) 口水好像要drop(滴下) 无奈没有钱shop(买东西) 抢一盘朝外hop(跳跃) 越过绊脚的mop(拖把) 猛地撞上了bishop(主教) 被抓住交给cop(警察) 11.登山队员 购买装备时bargain(讨价还价) 买到次货是certain(必然的) 正当要翻越mountain(山脉) 装备坏了直complain(抱怨) 价格把质量contain(包含) 悔不听商家explain(解释) 12.童话版9.11 有一只pest(害虫) 穿一件vest(背心) 飞向southwest(西南) 撞树上nest(巢穴) 世道不公我protest(抗议)
《英语词汇学》重要术语中英文对照
《英语词汇学》重要术语 One: 1. Native words 本族词 Words of Anglo-Saxon origin or of Old English are native words. 2. Loan words 借词 Words borrowed from other languages are loan words or borrowed words. 3. Slang words 俚语 Slang words are those words of a vigorous, colourful, facetious, or taboo nature, invented for specific occasions, or uses, or derived from the unconventional use of the standard vocabulary. 4. Function words 功能词 Function words are often short words such as determiners, conjunctions, prepositions, auxiliaries that serve grammatically more than anything else. 5. Content words 实义词 Content words are used to name objects, qualities, actions, processes or states, and have independent lexical meaning. 6. Free forms 自由形式 Forms which occur as sentences are free forms. Two: 1. Morphemes 语素 Morphemes are the smallest meaningful linguistic units of English language, not divisible or analyzable into smaller forms. 2. Allomorphs 语素变体 Allomorphs are any of the variant forms of a morpheme as conditioned by position or adjoining sounds. 3. Free morpheme 自由语素 Free morpheme is one that can be uttered alone with meaning. 4. Bound morpheme 粘着语素 Bound morpheme cannot stand by itself as a complete utterance and must appear with at least one other morpheme, free or bound. 5. Root 词根 Root is the basic unchangeable part of a word and it conveys the main lexical meaning of the word. 6. Affix 词缀 Affix is a collective term for the type of formative that can be used only when added to another morpheme. 7. Inflectional affix 屈折词缀 Inflectional affix serves to express such meanings as plurality, tense, and the comparative or superlative degree. 8. Derivational affix 派生词缀 Derivational affix is the kind of affixes that has specific lexical meaning hand can derive a word when it is added to another morpheme. 9. Prefixes 前缀 Prefixes are affixes added before words.
词汇学缩略词期末复习整理
英语常用缩略词 CPI : 消费价格指数 ATM: 自动取款机 SOS: 紧急求救信号 EQ: 情商 MVP: 最有价值球员 MTV: 音乐电视 API: 空气污染指数 ICU: 重症监护室 KFC: 肯德基 WC：厕所 BRT: 快速公交系统 CRH: 动车组 HDTV : 高清电视 CNN: 有线电视新闻网(美国) VOD：视频点播 OTC: 非处方药 USB: 通用串行总线 FDA: (美国)食品及药物管理局PICC: 中国人民财产保险股份有限公司IP: 互联网协议
DV: 数码录像 DVD: 数字激光视盘VCR: 录像机 VCD: 激光视盘 PhD: 博士 SCI: 科学引文索引 PK: 3G: MP3: AD: (拉丁语) 公元UNESCO: 联合国教科文组织4S: CEO: 首席执行长官 DIY：自己动手做 BBS: 电子布告栏系统 PS: 图片处理 ID: 身份 FM: 调频 GDP: 国民生产总值MBA: 工商管理学硕士NBA: (美国)全国篮球协会FBI: (美国)联邦调查局
CT: 计算机断层扫描 NMET：高考 CET: 大学英语考试 TEM: 英语专业考试 PETS: 公共英语等级考试 TOEFL: 托福考试 IELTS: 雅思考试 GPS: 全球定位系统 GSM: 全球移动通信系统 EMS: 邮政特快专递 WWW: 万维网 ZIP code: 邮编（用5位号码划分美国邮区的制度）SOHO: 在家办公 SARS: GRE: CBD: 中央商务区 Pm2.5 DNA: B2b F2f B2c
XL extra large 特大号 XS extra small 特小号 WHO world health organization 世界卫生组织WTO world trade organization 世界贸易组织CPA certified public accountant 注册会计师PRC People’s Republic of China 中华人民共和国PPT power point 演示稿文件 TCM traditional Chinese medicine 中医 IE internet explorer 浏览器 CCTV China Central TV 中央电视台CATV cable TV 有线电视 KTV Karaok TV WIAN wireless local area network 无线局域网 WIFI wireless fidelity 无线网络 PBL problem-based learning 基于问题的学习AQI air quality index 空气质量指数LED light emitting diode 发光二极管 PLA People’s Liberation Army 中国人民解放军PE physical education 体育课 PDF portable document format 可移植文档格式DJ Disc Jockey 音乐解说人或主持人
词汇学期末考试要求与题型
20XX年12月英语词汇学期末考试题型与要求 I. Multiple Choice (15*2=30). ( ) 1. _____________ refers to a general grammatical process which combines words and affixes to produce alternative grammatical forms of words. A. Inflection B. Derivation C. Prefixing D. Suffixing (句段尽量取自教科书) 1)Lexicology is the study of the vocabulary or lexicon of a given language. It deals not only with simple words, but also with complex and compound words. 2)Morphology is the study of the forms of words and their components. The major purpose of morphological study is to look at morphemes and their arrangements in word formation. 3)Semantics is the study of meaning. It tries to explain and describe meaning in natural language. 4)Etymology is the study of the whole history of words. 5)Lexicography involves the writing and compilation of dictionaries, especially dealing with the principles that underlie the process of compiling and editing dictionaries. 6)The word is an uninterruptible meaningful unit of linguistic structure consisting of one or more morphemes. The main features of words are: 1) a word is a sound or combination of sounds which we make voluntarily with our vocal equipment; 2) a word is symbolic and used to stand for something else; 3) the word is an uninterruptible unit; 4) a word has to do with its social function; 5) a word may consist of one or more morphemes; 6) words are part of the large communication system we call language; 7) a word occurs typically in the structure of phrases. 7)English words can classified into lexical words and grammatical words. Generally speaking, lexical words are nouns, verbs, adjectives, and verbs. Grammatical words are words like pronouns, prepositions, demonstratives（指示词）, determiners（限定词）, conjunctions, auxiliary verbs, and so on. 8)The semantic field theory takes the view that the vocabulary of a language is not simply a listing of independent items, but is organized into areas or fields, the members of which are joined together by some common semantic component, such as the concept of color or kinship. 9)Morpheme is the smallest meaningful unit which may constitute words or parts of words, an arbitrary union of a sound and a meaning and a linguistic unit that cannot be further analyzed. 10)Lexeme is an abstract linguistic unit with different variants, a unit of lexical meaning, and it takes no account of the inflectional endings it may have or the number of words it may contain. 11)Morph refers to any concrete realization of a morpheme in a given utterance. 12)Allomorphs refer to morphs which are different representations of the same morpheme, the alternate phonetic and/or spelling forms of the same morpheme. 13)Bound morphemes are those that must be joined to other morphemes. Free morphemes are those that need not be attached to other morphemes and can occur by themselves as individual words. 14)Denotation is defined as the relationship that holds between the lexeme and a whole class of