Unit3 Computers--词汇学习 教案

Section 3 Words and expressions from Unit 3 Computers solve

v. 解答(难题),解决

vt. 解答,解决

1. I can't solve the problem. 我解答不了这个难题。

2. Help me to solve my financial troubles. 请帮我解决经济困难。

3. The greatest scholar cannot solve this difficult problem.

再伟大的学者也没有办法解答这个难题吧。

4. It's a problem of such perplexity that it was impossible to solve.

那是个复杂得无法解决的问题。

5. Our professor is too capable not to solve this difficult problem.

我们教授非常有才干，必定能解决这一难题。

6. It was clever of you to solve the problem. 你能解答那个问题真是聪明。

7. I think I can solve the problem. 我想我能解决这问题。

8. Something is bound to happen one way or another to end the conflict or solve the problem. 事情一定以某种方式发生以结束冲突或解决难题。

as a result

结果

1. He didn't work hard, as a result he failed his exam. 他不用功, 结果考试不及格。

2. As a result, they saved 90% of the trees in the forest.

结果他们拯救了这座森林里90％的树木。

3. As a result, costs will be reduced by as much as 90%. 因此，成本将会降低90%之多。

4. After-burners have to be used. As a result fuel consumption is heavier.

不得不使用加力燃烧室，结果燃料消耗量增加了。

5. Five hundred jobs were axed as a result of government spending cuts.

由于政府缩减经费的缘故，有五百人被突然解雇了。

6. He was late as a result of the snow. 由于大雪他迟到了。

7. As a result, we have to water the vegetable garden. 因此我们不得不给菜地浇水。

8. Offer to take him out for lunch, then (ie as a result of this) he'll feel in a better mood.

请他出去吃午饭, 那样他心情就会好些。

explore

v. 探险,探测,探究

[计算机] 探讨

1. The experts are exploring every part of the island. 专家们正在勘查这个岛的各个部分。

2. He had an itch to get away and explore. 他等不及要动身去探险。

3. Can you explore the market possibility for us? 您能为我们考察一下市场前景吗？anyhow

ad. 不管怎样

1. I couldn't think of the name of that man anyhow. 我怎么也想不出那人的名字来了。

2. His clothes were just thrown down anyhow. 他的衣服扔得到处都是。

3. Anyhow I must tell the truth. 无论如何，我必须说出真相。

4. The books were lying on the shelves just/all anyhow. 书都乱放在书架上。

5. He made notes anyhow across the page. 他在那页上胡乱作了些笔记。

6. Anyhow, you can try. 至少你可以试试。

7. It's too late now, anyhow. 无论如何现在已经太迟了。

8. I was in such a hurry that I put my clothes on anyhow.

我很匆忙, 所以随便地把衣服穿上了。

human race

n. 人类

1. Is the human race threatened with complete extinction?

人类是否会受到完全灭绝的威胁呢？

2. A full-scale nuclear war could lead to the annihilation of the human race.

全面的核子战争能导致人类的灭绝。

3. Everything you say seems to be pervaded with a mistrust of the human race.

你说的一切似乎都渗透了对人类的不信任。

4. I do not regard a broker as a member of the human race.

我不把经纪人当作是人类的一个成员。

signal

n. 信号,导火线,动机

v. 向...作信号

1. A red lamp is often a danger signal. 红灯常常是危险的信号。

2. The police signaled the traffic to move forward slowly.

警察向来往车辆打信号，示意缓慢前行。

3. The rise in prices was a signal for rebellion. 物价上涨引起了叛乱。

4. Is this announcement the signal of better times ahead?

宣布的这件事是否预示往後日子越过越好了？

5. Her speech yesterday was a signal that her views have changed.

她昨天的讲话标志著她的观点已经转变。

6. He seems to be signaling. 他似乎正在发送信号。

7. The President's arrival was the signal for an outburst of cheering.

总统来到爆发一阵欢呼声。

8. I corrected my watch by the time signal. 我按报时信号校正我的表。

goal

n. 目标,终点

n.球门;得分

1. Y ou'd better set a goal before you start the drill. 练习开始前，你最好设定一个目标。

2. He has achieved his goal. 他已经实现了他的目标。

3. Who is keeping goal/is in goal (ie is goalkeeper) for Arsenal? 谁给阿森纳队守球门?

4. If we lose sight of the goal, we cease to be Communists.

如果忘记了这个目标，我们就不再是共产党员了。

5. He kicked a penalty goal in the football match. 在这场足球赛中，他主罚，踢进了一个球。

6. That last goal was a beauty. 最後进去的那个球真漂亮。

7. It's in we've got a goal! 球进了－－我们射门得分！

8. That's the twentieth goal he's kicked this season. 这是他本赛季踢进的第二十个球。

type

n. 类型,品种,样式,模范；铅字,字体

v. 打字

1. There are two types of rocks in this area. 这个地区有两种类型的岩石。

2. Could you type this letter for me? 你能为我打这封信吗？

3. I don't think she's the artistic type. 我认为她不属艺术家那类的人。

4. Press ‘Shift’and type ‘A’。按‘换字键’然后打字母‘A’。

5. I'm unfamiliar with this type of computer. 我不熟悉这种类型的计算机。

6. The juniper is a type of evergreen bush with purple berries.

杜松子是一种生有紫红色浆果的常绿灌木。

7. Blue jay is a type of noisy European bird with brightly colored feathers.

樫鸟是一种爱叫的欧洲鸟，有鲜艳的羽毛。

8. A mammoth is a large hairy type of elephant in ancient times.

猛犸是古代一种身体庞大、长着长毛的大象。

in a way

在某种程度上,从某一点上看

1. In a way, you're right. 从某一点上看你是对的。

2. Y ou should dress in a way that befits a woman of your position.

你的衣着应与你这种地位的妇女相称。

3. The work is well done in a way. 这工作就算做得不错。

4. The scheme rebounded on her in a way she had not expected.

她未曾想到这计谋反倒使她自食其果。

arise

v. 站立,出现

1. Accidents often arise from carelessness. 事故往往起因于粗心。

2. An opportunity has arisen. 机会来了。

3. A new difficulty has arisen. 出现了新困难。

4. A storm arose during the night. 夜间起风暴了。

5. Use this money when the need arises. 有需要时就使用这笔钱。

6. The problem may not arise, but there's no harm in keeping our powder dry.

问题不一定会发生, 但有备无患并无害处。

electronic

a. 电子的

n. [-s]电子学, 电子设备

1. This dictionary is available in electronic version. 这部词典有电子版。

2. I like to read books on electronic music. 我喜欢读一些关于电子音乐的书。

3. This dictionary is available in electronic form. 这部词典有电子版本。

4. The firm is Britain's main producer of electronic equipment.

该公司为英国主要的电子设备制造厂家。

5. The machine is operated by an electronic pulse. 这台机器由电子脉冲信号操纵。

deal with

vt. 研究(讨论,处理,涉及)

1. The meeting will deal with these problems. 本次会议将就这些问题作出处理。

2. We will deal with events in historical sequence.

我们将按照历史上的先后顺序研究这些事件。

3. Have you any concrete thoughts on how to deal with this difficulty?

处理这种困难你有什么具体的想法？

4. I have a matter of importance to deal with. 我有要事要处理。

5. New laws to deal with this abuse are in the pipeline. 正在制定处理这种弊端的新法令。

6. They refused to compromise their principles by doing a deal with the terrorists.

他们拒绝同恐怖分子做交易，以免原则受到损害。

7. She has a lot of correspondence to deal with. 她有大批信件需要处理。

8. I think we should work out a strategy to deal with this situation.

我想我们应该制订出一项行动计划，用来对付这种情况。

watch over

vt. 看守

1. The nymphs who together with a dragon watch over a garden in which golden apples grow.

赫斯帕里得斯与一条龙一起看守长有金苹果的花园的仙女们。

2. The soldiers were keeping close watch over the enemies. 士兵们严密注意着敌人的行动。

3. Would you please watch over my booth? 请您照料一下我的摊位好吗?

4. An expert swimmer trained and employed to watch over other swimmers, as at a beach or swimming pool.

救生员经过训练的游泳专家，受雇照看其他的游泳者，例如在海滩上或游泳池旁。

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English Lexicology Chapter 1 1.5 Classification of words 词的分类 依据不同的划分标准，可将英语词汇划分为不同的类别。 首先，根据使用频率（use frequency），可将英语词汇划分为： 1.5.1 Basic word stock & nonbasic word stock Basic word stock is the most important part and the foundation of English vocabulary accumulated over centuries and forms the common core of the language (语言的共核). 基本词汇是全民族活动共同的和基本的核心词汇，是语言中使用得最多、生活中最必需、意义最明确、生命力最强的词汇。 基本词汇所占比例不大，但在日常交际中使用频率却很高。 基本词汇的六大特征Six characteristics （1）All national character. The most important feature. denote the most common things and phenomena of the world around us. （2）stability （3）productivity （4）polysemy （5）collocability 全民性、稳定性、能产性、多义性、可搭配性 但是，数词、代词、助动词、介词、连词等并不具备全部五种特征。 Though numerals and pronouns enjoy nation-wide use, they are semantically monosemous, with low productivity and collocability. 不属于基本词汇的7种词（words do not belong to the common core of the language）（p14）: 1.terminology术语 2.jargon行话 3.slang俚语 4.argot黑话

词汇学1

总，再加上个例子就可以拿满分了。区分两个词的区别，主要还是指明其各自的定义。 第一章 1. Word —— A word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function. 2. There is no logical relationship between sound and meaning as the symbolic connection between them is arbitrary and conventional. E.g. ―woman‖ means ’Frau’ in German，’Femme’ in French and ’Funv ’in Chinese. On the other hand，the same sound /rait/ can mean right，rite and write，though denoting different things，yet have the same sound. 3. The difference between sound and form result from 4 major factors. （At least 80%of the English words fit consistent spelling patterns） a）. the internal reason is English alphabet does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language. b）. Pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling c）. Influence of the work of scribes/printing freezes the spelling of words in 1500 d）. Borrowing of foreign language 4. Vocabulary —— Vocabulary is most commonly used to refer to the sum total of all the words of a language. It can also refer to all the words of a given dialect，a given book，a given subject and all the words possessed by an individual person as well as all the words current in a particular period of time in history. The general estimate of the present day English vocabulary is over 1 million words. 5.Classification of Words—by use frequency，by notion，by origin 1）. Basic word stock – the foundation of the vocabulary. 1. all national character （most important）– natural phenomena most common things and phenomena of the human body and relations world around us names of plants and animals action，size，domain，state numerals，pronouns，prep. ，conj. 2. stability – they donate the commonest thing necessary to life，they are like to remain unchanged. Only relative，some are undergoing some changes. But the change is slow. e.g. arrow，bow，chariot，knight – past electricity，machine，car，plane —— now 3. productivity – they are mostly root words or monosyllabic words，they can form new words with other roots and affixes. e.g. foot – football，footage，footpath，footer 4. polysemy – often possess more than one meaning. Become polysemous. e.g. take to move or carry from one place to another to remove 5. collocability – quite a number of set expressions，idiomatic usages，proverbial saying and others e.g. heart – a change of heart， a heart of gold Non-basic vocabulary —— 1. terminology – technical terms photoscanning，hepatitis，indigestion，penicillin，algebra，trigonometry，calculus 2. jargon – specialized vocabulary in certain professions. Bottom line，ballpark figures，bargaining chips，hold him back，hold him in，paranoid 3. slang —— substandard words often used in informal occasions dough and bread，grass and pot，beaver，smoky，bear，catch，holler，Roger，X-rays， Certain words are labeled slang because of their usage. 4. argot – words used by sub-cultured groups can-opener，dip，persuader cant，jargon ，argot are associated with，or most available to，specific groups of the population. 5. dialectal words – only by speakers of the dialect beauty，chook，cocky，station，auld，build，coo，hame，lough，bog 6. archaisms – words no longer in common use or restricted in use. In older poems，legal document and religious writing or speech. 7. neologism – newly created words with new meaning e.g. microelectronics，futurology，AIDS，internet，E-mail old meaning acquired new meaning e.g. mouse，monitor 2）. Content word （notional word）– denote clear notions. Functional word （empty word，form word）– do not have notions of their own，express the relation between notions，words and sentences. a. Content words constitute the main body of the English vocabulary are numerous. Functional words are in a small number.

英语词汇学第一章

Chapter 1 1.1 What Is a Word 词的概念：A word can be defined as a meaningful group of letters. （一个词可以被定义为一组有意义的字母） 词包含以下几点： ① a minimal free form of a language.一门语言中最小的形式 ② a sound unity.一个声音统一体 ③ a unit of meaning.一个意义单位 ④ a form that can function alone in a sentence.能在句子中起独立作用的一个形式 A word is a free form of a language that has a given sound and meaning and syntactic function.词是一门语言中具有一定的声音，意义和句法功能的最小形式 Words can be simple and complex.词可以是简单的也可以是复杂的 1.2 Sound and Meaning 声音与意义之间的关系：This symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary,and there is no logical relationship between the sound and the actual thing and idea itself .The relationship between them is conventional. 这种象征性的联系几乎总是任意的，声音与实际的事物和观念本身没有逻辑关系。他们之间的关系是约定俗成的。 1.3 Sound and Form 读音与拼写不一致的原因：①The English alphabet was adopted from the Romans,which does not have a separate letter to represent each sound in the language. ②The pronunciation has changed more rapidly than spelling over the years. ③Some of the differences were created by the early scribes. ①英语字母表是从罗马人那里采用的，罗马人没有一个单独的字母来代表语言中的每个 声音。 ②这些年来，发音的变化比拼写的变化更快。 ③有些差异是由早期的抄写员造成的。

词汇学 各章节教学目标

2014-9 Teaching objectives & difficulties in learning and teaching 结合课程教学大纲（分为了解、理解、掌握三个要求） Chapter 1 A general survey of English vocabulary 1.To understand and define “word” (many definitions); 2.To know the historical development of English vocabulary and its rapid growth today; 3.To summarize fundamental features of the basic stock of English vocabulary. Chapter 2 Morphological structure of English words 1.To understand the ways that words are formed; 2.To grasp the information about morpheme, allomorphs, and classification of morpheme. (Review knowledge of phoneme , e.g. assimilation辅音同化, 名词复数尾部读音规则等) Chapter 3 Word formation (I) 1.To grasp 3 major processes of word formation (compounding, derivation/affixation,conversion); 2.To explain, compare ROOT, STEM, BASE and can use them to analyse words; 3.To learn with examples (share learning strategies). Chapter 4 Word formation (II) 1.To grasp 8 minor processes of word formation (acronymy, clipping, blending, back-formation, words from proper names, neoclassical formation, miscellaneous); 2.To conduct learning strategies by studying these process of word-formation (https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a9818130.html,e acronymy, clipping, blending, back-formation in note-taking and dictation); 3.To raise cultural awareness and to grasp comprehensive knowledge through examples of these 8 processes respectively (e.g words from proper names; esp. words from literature). Chapter 5 Word meaning and semantic features 1.To discuss word meaning (conventionality and motivation); 2.To discuss 2 main types of word meaning (grammatical and lexical), esp. lexical meaning (denotative meaning & associate meanings) 3.To raise cultural awareness through associate meanings (connotative, social,stylistic,affective meaning) with typical examples; 4.To discuss componential analysis and semantic features; to understand the practical usage of doing componential analysis.

英语词汇课教案全英文

英语词汇课教案全英文 【篇一：幼儿英语教案】 幼儿园小班英语cat和dog教案 一、活动目标1．培养幼儿对于英语的兴趣，让幼儿乐意参与英语 活动2．在教师的带领下，让幼儿了解动物cat 和dog 的英语名称3．通过活动促进幼儿交往能力与初步的合作能力二、活动内容听懂、会说单词cat 和dog三、活动准备猫和狗的的卡片、猫与狗的头饰、黑板、录音机等。 四、活动过程1．用英语问候师：hello！引导幼儿模仿说“hello” 师：ok，i’m miss du ，when i say “hello” to you, you can say “hello,!”(对给回答得好的幼儿“give me five!”,运用夸张的肢体动作 吸引幼儿的注意力和兴趣)2．热身运动师：let’s warm up! listen to the music. let’s say “music”(做朝向录音机的动作)师生共做表演“follow me” 3．单词呈现（1）cat师：今天我们班上来了一位新朋友，让我们 猜猜它是谁？将卡片藏在黑板后面，露出一点，直到猜出才显示卡 片单词呈现方式：卡片（用不同的部位击打卡片并说出单词），捉 迷藏游戏（小猫跟我们玩躲猫猫游戏，幼儿眼睛闭起来，引导幼儿 朝不同方向念单词，叫cat出来）（2）dog引导幼儿猜测是不是在 帘子后，教师进去看一下，发出“汪汪汪“的声音，引出”dog” 单词呈现：chant “dog dog汪汪汪”；卡片4．游戏小猫哪去了， 小猫告诉老师，只要和老师一起跳着喊，他就会出来了，钻山洞： 选出两个小朋友做桥墩，钻山洞的小朋友（第一个带上头饰）要边 念单词边钻，引导还没钻的幼儿一起说，让每一位幼儿练习说；钻 山洞人数不可以多。

英语词汇学单元二教案(复习整理)

Textbook: 夏洋、邵林著,《英语词汇学课程》. 北京：北京大学出版社. 2017. Chap2. 主要内容：1.古英语、中世纪英语、现代英语三个发展时期的社会文化背景、语言发展特点和时间起止。2. 英语属于印欧语系，是日耳曼语的一支。 难点：the nature of English --- extremely rich and heterogeneous, a heavy borrower, full of synonyms, a global language. I Notions Language family The 5000 or so languages around the world are grouped into about 300 language families, on the basis of their similarities in their basic word stock and grammars. English is a member of the Indo-European language family. English is a member of the Germanic group of languages. 二、辅助阅读：理解与深化 Read Texts in unit 2 & 3 三、自检 Check your understanding by finish the exercises given in the UNIT.

思考题： 1. Illustrate the language features in each historical period of English and analyze the related historical and social backgrounds that result in the features. 2. What is the contribution of Shakespeare to the English language? 3. Use facts and events to illustrate the nature of English. 四、预习 Unit 3 & 4

词汇学第一章汇总

English Lexicology 英语词汇学 Fall 2012 Irene Florente

How do we communicate? Making sounds Gestures Writing Words Anything else?

Write down 10 English words you like on a piece of paper Do you know where these words came from (what languages)? Can they be spelled differently? What part of speech are they? (Noun, verb, adverb, etc) Do these words have more than one meaning or have different meanings when used in idioms?

Where do words come from? How are they created? How do they change as history changes? How do they change as people speaking other languages invade or immigrate to their countries? What are the different types of words? Is language alive? (these questions are just for discussion and reflection)

初中英语词汇教案

初中英语词汇教案 【篇一：初中英语词汇教学案例3 (1)】 初中英语词汇教学案例3 词汇是语言的三大要素之一，是语言的建筑材料，如何教学生掌握 一定数 量的词汇，是中学英语教学的重要任务之一。学生学习一个新词汇时，往往想知道一些其它与其相关联的词，这给词汇的扩展提供了 自然的良机。下面介绍几种词汇扩展的方法： 1. 关联词群或称联想词群。如：教fruit时，指出这是水果的总称， 为让学生联想到有关水果的词，教师在黑板上表示关联 词:apple,pear,banana,pineapple,cherry,grape,mogao,orange,w atermelon,strawberry, lemon等，这样联想，就可以满足不同程度同学的求知欲望，使每个学生都学有所得。 2.在理解的基础上加强记忆，将机械记忆和理解记忆密切结合起来。如： 1)利用拼读规则：学生知道了al读[?:]的规则后，可帮助记忆all, ball, small, talk, walk,等词。 2)利用词形变化规划。如总结不规则动词的变化，可分为： a－a－a型： cut－cut－cut put－put－put a－b－b型： build－built－built dig－dug－dug i－a－u型：begin－began－begundrink－drank－drunk 3)利用构词法知识。 a.利用同根词：如教过use后，经过构词分析，学生就可以推测出useful, useless, user的词义来。教师就可以说:useful comes from use. it means of use. useful comes from use, too. it means of no use or not useful. b.利用分析前缀的方法。如教retell, rewrite，学生已掌握了tell, write，要向他们解释前缀re－的含义是again的意思。在此基础上学生就能推测出retell, rewrite的意思来。教师就可以说retell comes from tell. retell means to tell again. c.利用分析后缀的方法。如在学生已学过china, japan的基础上， 指出后缀－ese的含义，学生就很容易推测出chinese, japanese 的意思来。

英语词汇学教案

英语词汇学讲义 第一章英语词汇学简介(A Brief Introduction to English Lexicology) 教学目的： ●了解英语词汇学研究的现状及地位 ●掌握及分类 ●了解英语词汇学的研究范围和研究方法 ●了解学习英语词汇学的目的及意义 教学重点： ●英语词汇学的定义 ●英语词汇学的研究范围 教学难点： ●英语词汇学研究滞后的原因 ●英语词汇学的定义及研究范围 教学方法：理论讲解为主，课堂讨论为辅 教学步骤： 课程导入：(10 分钟) Discussion: What do you think lexicology mainly studies? 教学讲练内容：(80分钟) 1.1英语词汇学研究的现状及地位 1828 Noah Webster “lexicology”第一次出现 20c初没有受到足够的重视 1980s以前前苏联和中国有所研究 1980s中期以后西方语言学家开始重视英语词汇学研究，专著陆续问世，并开始把词汇研究与其它学科的研究联系到一起 词汇学研究没有受到重视的原因： 醉汉找钱的故事(David Crystal 为Jean Tournier 的英语词汇学概论写的序言中提及)，说明西方语言学家避重就轻，因为在语言的三个要素中，语音体系和语法体系比较简单，易于归纳，便于研究，容易出成果；而词汇体系比较庞杂，不易归纳和研究，也不容易出成果。实际课堂教学中，很少有教师会系统地讲授词汇学的理论(因为词汇学理论本身就是滞后的)，而学生在外语学习中最大的难点之一就在于如何学习和掌握词汇。从实际需要的角度出发，词汇学研究引起西方语言学家重视也是迟早的事情。此外，电脑应用的发展和普及以及语料库的形成为分析词汇的特征和总结词汇的规律性的原则创造了有利条件，在词汇体系的研究方面出现新的突破是指日可待的事情。 现在词汇学被看作是语言分析的一个层面。语言分析的五分法(词汇学lexicology、音位学phonemics、形态学morphology、句法学syntax和语义学semantics)与传统的三分法(音位学、句法学和语义学)相比，最大的不同在于重视了词汇的作用，充分肯定了词汇学的地位。当然，我们在使用语言的时候，总是不由自主地同时涉及所有的层面，所以，语言分析的五个层面虽然可以分别进行，但是不能忽视它们的相互联系和相互作用。 1.2词汇学的定义及分类 Routledge Dictionary of Language and linguistics by Hadumod bussmann 承认了词汇学在语言学中的地位，但是把侧重点放在词汇的语义学上面。 The Oxford Companion to the English Language by Tom McArthur

词汇学复习重点

第一章 1.word : 1简单意义：a word is a minimal unit/form in/of a sentence 2.完整意义：a word is a minimal free form of a language that has a given sound, meaning and syntactic function. 2.vocabulary定义四个要素：1.refer to the total number of the words in a language.2.it can stand for all the words used in a particular historical period. 3.refer to all the words of a given dialect, a given book, a given discipline and the words possessed by an individual person. 4个要素：language, time, space, person. 3.sound and form 1.关系：the symbolic connection is almost always arbitrary and conventional.2.more and more different 原因：1,the number of alphabet cannot describe the English sounds one by one.2, sounds develop faster than the written form.3.the scribes deliberately change the written form for being easily recognized. 4.the printing machine fixed the written form. 5.borrowed words make the gap wider. 4.motivation分类：1.onomatopec motivation.(Refers to the motivated aspect of motivation which means the words are created by imitation the natural sounds or noise. 2. morphological motivation(refers to the motivated aspect of motivation which means the words created by using existing language materials ,as roots, affixes, etc).3.semantic motivation(refers to the motivated aspect of motivation in which the new meanings are given to existing words by mental