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《美国文学选读》(第3版)埃德加

《美国文学选读》(第3版)埃德加
《美国文学选读》(第3版)埃德加

第2单元埃德加?爱伦?坡

2.1复习笔记

I.Introduction to author(作者简介)

Edgar Allan Poe(1809—1849)is a novelist,poet,and critic.

埃德加·爱伦·坡(1809—1849),小说家,诗人,评论家。

1.Life(生平)

Poe’s childhood was a miserable one.He lost both of his parents when still very small,and was taken care of by a wealthy merchant.Father and son enjoyed nothing but an unhappy relationship together.Poe entered the University of Virginia but did not finish.He went to West Point as a cadet but was dismissed because of misbehavior.Poe wrote and worked as editor most of his short life.He was poor all his life.At27he married his cousin,whose death in1847left him inconsolable and bitter with life than ever.He died,in October,1849.

坡有着悲惨的童年。他年幼时父母双亡,他被一位富商收养,父子之间关系紧张。坡进入弗吉尼亚大学学习,但是没能完成学业。后来去了西点军校,却又因为行为不端而被校方开除。他短暂的一生中大部分时间都在从事写作和编辑工作。他终身贫困潦倒。27岁时,他和他的表妹结婚,1847年妻子的离世使他悲痛万分。1849年10月,坡去世了。

2.Major works(主要作品)

(1)Poems(诗集)

Tamerlane and Other Poems(1827)《帖木尔》

Al Araaf(1829)《艾尔·阿拉夫》

Poems(1831)《诗集》

The Raven and Other Poems(1845)《乌鸦及其他诗篇》

(2)Short stories(短篇小说)

Tales of the Grotesque and the Arabesque(1840)《述异集》/《怪异故事集》The Fall of the House of Usher(1845)《厄舍大厦的倒塌》

The Masque of the Red Death(1845)《红色死亡假面舞会》

Ligeia(1845)《莉盖亚》

The Black Cat(1845)《黑猫》

The Cask of Amontillado(1845)《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》

The Murders in the Rue Morgue(1845)《莫格街谋杀案》

The Purloined Letter(1845)《被窃的信件》

The Gold Bag(1845)《金甲虫》

(3)Literary theory(文学理论)

The Philosophy of Composition(1846)《创作哲学》

The Poetic Principle(1850)《诗歌原理》

Ⅱ.Selected works(选读作品)

◆The Cask of Amontillado《阿芒提拉多的酒桶》

1.Theme and style(主题与风格)

The theme is about horror and death.

Poe pursues the style of shortness and fast tempo and to reach the climax quickly.To achieve the effect,he reduces the background information and the words he used are concise.In this short story,even nothing is redundant.

小说的主题是恐怖和死亡。

坡追求篇幅短小而节奏很快的叙事风格,从而使故事迅速达到高潮。为达到这种效果,他减少了背景信息,并且用词凝练。在这篇短篇小说中,甚至没有一个词是冗余的。

2.Main plot(主要情节)

It is the narrator’s account of his ability to carry out a chilling plot of revenge against his offender,Fortunato.

Montresor baits Fortunato by telling him he has obtained what he believes to be a pipe of a rare vintage of Amontillado.He claims he wants his friend’s expert opinion on the subject.Fortunato goes with Montresor to the wine cellars of the latter’s palazzo,where they wander in the catacombs.Montresor offers wine to Fortunato.Montresor displays a trowel he had been hiding and killed Fortunato.

主要讲述了叙述者实施他的复仇计划,将冒犯他的弗图那多杀死的故事。

蒙特利瑟告诉弗图那多他买了一桶阿芒提拉多酒,但不确定是不是名酒,想要弗图那多去帮忙鉴定。蒙特利瑟便带领着弗图那多到了宫殿的地下酒窖,将酒拿给弗图那多看。然后将弗图那多绑在事先准备好的铁桩上,杀死了他。

3.Analysis(作品分析)

(1)Precision in time,place,and setting preclude the idea of risk and allow the narrator both the retribution he seeks and the impunity he demands.

(2)It is set during the“supreme madness”of Carnival.In such a riotous atmosphere,it is easy to see how a crime could go unnoticed.

(3)Because Montresor is aware of the unfortunate Fortunato’s impending death,dramatic irony also plays a role in the comedy of horrors of“The Cask of Amontillado.”Dramatic irony is the result of the disconnect that occurs when a character,namely Fortunato,is not aware of the true meaning of his own actions. The very setting of the story is ironic,in that Montresor has chosen the jovial carnival season to enact his murder because no one will be at his estate to witness the crime.Fortunato himself is dressed in a jester’s outfit,and the jingling of his jester’s bells reminds us of the atmosphere of happiness and cheer outside the https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a98869089.html,ter,as they drink the Medoc,Fortunato drinks to the dead and buried, not realizing that he is about to join them,and Montresor wryly drinks to Fortunato’s health.

(1)精确的时间与地点减少了风险并使叙述者顺利实施复仇计划又免遭惩罚。

(2)在狂欢节“最疯狂活动”中实施计划,很难引起人们的注意。

(3)蒙特利瑟知道弗图那多注定要死去,戏剧反讽也起到了很大的作用。弗图那多并不知道他的行为意味着什么造成了戏剧性反讽。故事发生的背景也颇具讽刺意味。蒙特利瑟选择在狂欢节实施他的复仇计划,是因为没人会注意到发生了什么。而弗图那多自己穿着小丑的衣服,小丑的铃声使我们想起狂欢节欢快的气氛外面以及地下酒窖外的欢呼声。当他们喝梅多科酒时,弗图那多并没意识到死亡正向他逼近,蒙特利瑟报复计划就要得逞。

2.2课后习题详解

1.Who is the narrator?What wrong does he want to redress?

Key:Montresor is the narrator.He had borne thousand injuries of Fortunato as best he could,and he decides to take revenge on him.He must not only punish Fortunato but punish with impunity.

2.What is the pretext he uses to lure Fortunato to his wine cellar?

Key:He said to Fortunato that he got a pipe of Amontillado,and he was doubt about it,so he wanted someone to make sure for him.At the same time,he deliberately showed his doubts about Fortunato’s connoisseurship in wine and cared about his health,which firmed Fortunato’s decision to go with him to his wine cellar.

3.What happens to Fortunato in the end?

Key:He was locked in the cellar by Montresor,and can only wait for death.

4.Describe briefly how Poe characterizes Montresor and Fortunato as contrasts? Key:Poe characterizes the two characters with striking contrasts between them in many aspects.Firstly,their names are endowed with opposite symbolic meanings: Montresor symbolizes“monstrous”,while Fortunato symbolizes“fortunate”.

Montresor is the devil in the story,and Fortunato is fortunate through his life and makes great fortune,but finally,he ends in a very unfortunate way,which is very ironical.Secondly,their clothes are very different:Fotrtunato“wore motley”, while Montresor put on“a mask of black silk”and drew“a roquelaire”closely about his https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a98869089.html,st,their psychological activities and consciousness are in contrast:Montresor knows clearly what is going on and what will happen,while Fortunato is always kept in the dark till the end.

2.3考研真题与典型题详解

I.Fill in the blanks.

1._____is regarded as the father of psychoanalytic criticism and the detective story. (首师大2008研)

【答案】Edgar Allan Poe

【解析】爱伦·坡被认为是精神分析批评之父和侦探小说的鼻祖。

2._____is generally thought of as the true beginner of the short stories because he was the first writer who formulated poetics of the short stories.

【答案】Edgar Allan Poe

【解析】爱伦·坡被视作短篇小说的真正始祖因为他是第一个在小说中赋予了诗意的作家。

3.Author_____Title_____(南京大学2008研;南京大学2009研)

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大学计算机基础3

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Unit 3 Born to Win (课后答案) Post-Reading Vocabulary I. 1. appreciate A 感激 B 欣赏,赏识 2. capacity A.容量,容积,容纳力 B.能力,才能 3. channel A.频道 B. 把。。。导向,引导 4. contribute A.捐献,捐赠,贡献出 B. 有助于,促成 5. flexible A.有弹性的,柔韧的 B. 灵活的,可变的 6. guilt A.罪,罪行 B. 自责,悔恨 7. potential A. 潜在的,可能的 B. 潜力,潜能 8. rigid A. 硬的,不易弯曲的 B. 严格的,刻板的 II.achieve - achievement genuine-genuineness expect - expectation respond-response depend – dependence aware – awareness limit – limitation/limit disappoint – disappointment cruel – cruelty capable- capability unique – uniqueness behave – behavior 1. expectations 2. limitations 3. capability 4. achievement 5. response 6. awareness 7. behavior 8. disappointment 9. cruelty 10. dependence III. 1. entered into 2. channeled… into 3. holds/held back 4. unaware of 5. separates… from 6. referred… to… 7. lived up to 8 calls for 9. contributes to 10. see/saw…as Translation 1. A lot of things contributed to the end of my relationship with that company. 2.She showed great courage in the face of serious illness. 3.We came to the conclusion that she was telling the truth. 4.His secretary failed to tell him about the meeting.

新编大学英语(第三版浙江大学编著)4视听说教程原文Unit 7

新编大学英语(第三版/浙江大学编著)4视听说教程原文 Unit7 Part1 Listening 1 Maria: Oh, hi Dave. Long time no see! Dave: Hi Maria. I was in the neighborhood, so I thought I’d drop by. Maria: Come in. Have a seat. Would you like something to drink? I have Sprite and orange juice. Dave: Sprite would be fine. Uh, so, how have you been? Maria: Oh, not bad. And you? Dave: Oh, I’m doing OK, but school has been really hectic these days, and I haven’t had time to relax. Maria: What’s your major anyway? Dave: Hotel management. Maria: Well, what do you want to do after graduation? Dave: Uh… I haven’t decided for sure, but I think I’d like to work for a hotel or travel agency in this area. How about you? Maria: Well, when I first started college, I wanted to major in French, but then I realized I might have a hard time finding a job, so I changed to computer science. With the right skills, landing a job in the computer industry shouldn’t be as difficult. Dave: So, do you have a part-time job to support yourself through school? Maria: Well, fortunately I received a four-year academic scholarship that pays for all my tuition and books. Dave: Wow, that’s great. Maria: Yeah. How about you? Are you working your way through school? Dave: Yeah. I work three times a week at a restaurant near campus. Maria: Oh, what do you do there? Dave: I’m a cook. Maria: How do you like your job? Dave: It’s OK. People there are friendly, and the pay isn’t bad. Listening 2 1. Do you need a place where you can juggle without breaking furniture? Our club offers a place

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