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并列句和复合句

并列句和复合句
并列句和复合句

一、并列句

由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连接起来的句子叫并列句。常见分类:

1.表示同等、平行或承接关系,常用连词有and,both...and...,not only...but also...,neither...nor...,as well as等。

2.表示转折关系,常用连词有but,yet(然而),while(而)等。

3.表示选择关系,常见连词有or,not...but(不是……而是……),either...or...(要么……要么……)等。

4.表示因果关系,常见连词有as,for(因为),so等。

二、复合句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫复合句。从句须由关联词引导。初中英语教材主要涉及的复合句有宾语从句、定语从句和状语从句。

考点一宾语从句

在主从复合句中作主句宾语的从句叫宾语从句。

1.宾语从句的语序

宾语从句的语序用陈述语序。

Do you know how much the house is?

你知道这房子多少钱吗?

t know if he can come.

where,

e will leave China

在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫做定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that ,which ,who (whom ,whose )和关系副词when ,where ,why 。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。含定语从句的复合句的基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。

A doctor is a_person who looks_after people's_health.

医生是关心人身体健康的人。

who 是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。

1.关系代词引导的定语从句

定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句总是跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中一定要作从句中的一个成分。关系代词起名词或代词的作用,关系副词起副词或介词短语的作用。

关系代词在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。作宾语时,可以省略。

(1)先行词指人时,定语从句由who ,whom ,that 引导,在从句中who ,that 可以作主语或宾语,whom 只作宾语。

Is he the man who/that wants to see you?

他就是想见你的那个人吗?

The man who/that/whom my mother is talking to is Mr Wang.

那个正和我妈妈谈话的人是王先生。

(2)先行词指物时,定语从句由which ,that 引导,在从句中可以作主语或宾语。 The book t hat/which I read yesterday is very interesting.

昨天我看的那本书很有趣。

The doll that/which can sing costs 200 yuan .

那个会唱歌的洋娃娃值200元。

(3)whose 在定语从句中只用作定语,有时它还可以同of which 互换。

Please pass me the book whose cover/the cover of which is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。

2.关系代词that/which/who 的用法区别

关系代词that ,which 可以指物,that 和who 可以指人,其用法有如下区别:

(1)只可用that 引导的定语从句

①当先行词为everything ,nothing ,something ,anything 等不定代词时。

We should do everything that is useful to the people.

我们应该做一切对人民有用的事。

②先行词被all ,every ,no ,some ,any ,little ,much 等修饰时。

You can take any seat that is free.

你可以坐任何一个空位。

③先行词被the only ,the very ,the right 等词修饰时。

He is the very man that I'm looking for.

他正是我正在找的那个人。

④当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。

This is the best movie that I have seen.

这是我所看过的最好的电影。

⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。

This is the second time that you have told us the story.

这是你第二次给我们讲这个故事了。

⑥当先行词同时含有人和物时。

We talked about the things and persons that we were interested in.我们谈论我们所感兴趣的人和事。

(2)只用which引导的定语从句

①当关系代词前使用介词时,只能用which,不能用that。

This is the train by which we went to Beijing.

这就是我们去北京乘坐的那班列车。

②在非限制性定语从句(即通常用逗号与主句隔开,若去掉从句,整个句子仍能表达完整意义的定语从句)中。

Football,which is a very interesting game,is played all over the world.

足球,一项非常有趣的运动,全世界人都在踢。

(3)表示人时,当先行词为everybody,anybody,everyone,anyone等时要用who,而不用that。

Is there anyone who can answer this question?

有人会回答这个问题吗?

3.关系副词引导的定语从句

(1)关系副词在定语从句中作状语,when用在表示时间的名词后,where用在表示地点的名词后,why用在表示原因的名词后。when,wher e,why的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which”结构互换使用。

I still remember the day when/on which I first met him.

我依然记得我第一次遇到他的那一天。

Changsha is the place where/in which I was born.

长沙是我的出生地。

Is this the reason why/for which he was late this morning?

这就是他今早迟到的理由吗?

(2)当先行词虽然表示时间、地点或原因,但关系词在从句中作主语、宾语而不是状语时,不可用when,where或why,而应用that或which。

Hangzhou is a city where there is a beautiful lake.

(作状语)

Hangzhou is a city that/which has a beautiful lake.

(作主语)

I'll never forget the day when I first came to Beijing.

(作状语)

I'll never forget the day that/which we spent together.

(作及物动词spend的宾语)

考点三状语从句

状语从句在复合句中起状语的作用,修饰主句中的谓语、形容词或副词。状语从句由从属连词引导,从属连词不充当句子成分,只起连接作用。根据意义上的不同,状语从句可分为:时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句、让步状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状

because ;了。s basketball so well that 1.(2012湖南岳阳中考,23)—Do you know the lady ______is talking with Mr Smith?

—Yes ,she's our new chemistry teacher ,Miss Brown.

A .who

B .which

C .whom

2.(2012湖南株洲中考,28)People often like clothes ______ can make them look young.

A .when

B .who

C .that

3.(2012湖南永州中考,35)John is the boy______legs were badly injured in the accident.

A .whose

B .that

C .who

4.(2012广西柳州中考,37)The Palace Museum is the best place ______ I've ever visited.

A .who

B .when

C .that

5.(2012湖南郴州中考,35)—Excuse me ,could you please tell me______?

—Sorry ,I'm new here.I don't know the way ,either.

A .where is Suxian Mountain

B .where Suxian Mountain is

C .Suxian Mountain i s where

6.(2012湖南永州中考,30)The teacher asked Li Hua ______.

A .why he was late for class

B .why was he late for class

C .why is he late for class

7.(2012湖南怀化中考,30)I don't know ______.

A .when the train will leave

B .when will the train leave

C .the train will leave when

8.Gina loves singers ______ write their own music.

A .which

B .who

C .whose

9.—What a new computer !Can you tell me ______?

—Just the day before yesterday.

A .how much you paid for it

B .how much did you pay for it

C .when you bought it

10.—Do you know ______?

—Next Sunday.

A.what they will do B.where they will go C.when they will come here

11.I'll never forget the day ______ the great scientist came to our school and gave us a speech.

A.that B.which C.when

12.—What kind of movies do you like?

—I like the movies ______ are about Chinese history.

A.who B.whom C.that

13.I hate people ______ don't help others when they are in trouble.

A.who B.which C.whose

14.Betty will ring me up when she ______ in Beijing.

A.arrive B.arrives C.arrived

15.If you ______ your homework,you can go out to play football.

A.finish B.will finish C.are finishing

参考答案

专题十三并列句和复合句

专题提升演练

1.A先行词是指人的名词,且在定语从句中作主语,可知关系代词用who,故选A 项。

2.C先行词是clothes,是物,且在定语从句中作主语,可知关系代词用that,故选C 项。

3.A先行词the boy与legs之间存在所有关系,故用whose。

4.C先行词place是物,且作定语从句中visit的宾语,故用that引导定语从句。

5.B由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为B项。

6.A由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为A项。

7.A由宾语从句用陈述语序可知答案为A项。

8.B由先行词是singers且引导词在从句中作主语故关系代词用who。

9.C从句应用陈述语序,故排除B项;由答语“前天”知问的是时间,故选C项。

10.C由答语“Next Sunday” 可判断宾语从句的引导词应当是对时间进行提问,所以答案为C项。

11.C句意:我从来不会忘记这位伟大的科学家来我们学校给我们做演讲的这一天。从句中有主语,也有宾语,可判断先行词作状语,表示时间用when。that和which是关系代词,作主语或宾语。故选C项。

12.C由先行词the movies 可知定语从句的引导词指物,因此排除A、B项。选C项。

13.A由先行词people 决定定语从句的引导词指人,并且作主语,故选A项。

14.B由句意“贝蒂到达北京时将给我打电话。”可知,是由when引导的时间状语从句,该复合句结构为“主句用将来时,从句使用一般现在时”。即“主将从现”。故选B项。

15.A在if引导的条件状语从句中用一般现在时表将来。

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并列句和复合句(含答案解析)

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并列句和复合句

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简单句、并列句、复合句、并列复合句 文章来源:互联网 在前面各讲中所说的肯定句、否定句、各种疑问句、感叹句等,是根据句子的作用来划分的。今天,我们再学习一种新的分类方法:即根据句子的内部结构,特别是句子与句子之间的关系来划分的方法。根据句子结构,可以分为三种主要类型:简单句、并列句、复合句,另外还有一种叫并列-复合句子。 要搞懂英语句子结构分类,有一点首先必须明白:即什么是“句子”?句子的概念有两层含义:一是它能表达一个清晰、完整的意思。反过来讲,只要能表达一个清晰、完整的意思的语言单位,不论是长是短,哪怕是一个单词,也算作是一个句子。这是从意义方面来说的。二是句子的结构完整。所谓“完整”,最核心的是一个句子应该有“主语、谓语”。也就是说,有主语、有谓语的语言单位就是一个句子。这就是从句子结构方面来分的,也是从句子语法成份方面来划分的。我们所讲的简单句、并列句、复合句都是从主语、谓语来判定句子类型的。 如果按照句子的结构分类,英文句子可分为三种类型:简单句(Simple Sentence),并列句(Compound Sentence)和复合句(Complex Sentence)。 一、简单句 简单句的定义是:或者只有一个主语,或者只有一个谓语。为什么说“或者”呢?因为简单句可以只有一个主语,但有几个谓语;或者可以有几个主语,但只有一个谓语。这样一分,简单句就有三种形式了。 1、只有一个主语、一个谓语,再加上其它成份。例如: Light travels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。 The film is not interesting. 这部电影没有意思。 Can you finish the work on time? 你能按时完成工作吗? 2、只有一个主语,但有几个谓语,再加上其它成份。例如: The boy were running, shouting and laughing. 男孩们一边跑,一边笑,一边喊叫着。 You cannot listen to music and memorize at the same time. 你不能既听音乐,同时又背诵东西。 Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paidmore and more attention by people.

并列句、复合句大全

并列句,复合句和连词 命题规律:并列句和复合句以及连词是中考的重点内容,也是中考的必考题。期中复合句考察的内容涉及状语从句,宾语从句,定语从句中引导词的运用 命题趋势:宾语从句,连词的使用,定语从句的引导词 一、并列句 用并列连词连接起来的两个或两个以上的简单句叫做并列句。 1. 构成:简单句+ 并列连词+ 简单句 2. 常见的用于连接两个简单句的并列连词有:and,but,or,so,for。 (1)and意为“和,并且”,表示顺延、并列等关系。如: Work hard and you can pass the exam. = If you work hard, you can pass the exam. (2)but意为“但是”表示转折关系。如: He is rich but he is not happy. (3)or意为“否则,或者,或“表示选择关系。如: Hurry up, or you’ll be late. =If you don’t hurry up, you’ll be late. (4)so意为“所以,因此,于是”表示因果关系。如: Kate was i ll so she didn’t go to school. (5)for意为“因为”,表示因果关系。如: I have to stay up late, for I have a lot of work to do. 3. 当连词and连接的并列句前半部分是祈使句,后半部分是将来时的陈述句时,其含义相当于由if引导的条件状语从句。这种句型还可以用or来连接,但意思不同。如: Think it over, and you’ll find the answer. =If you think it over, you’ll find the answer. 4. 其他的并列句 其他的并列连词有then,while,when,yet,not only…but also…, neither…nor…, either…or…, both…and…, as well as。如: I like English while my brother likes Chinese. 二、状语从句 状语从句在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等,状语从句由从属连词引导,与主句连接,位于句首时,常用逗号与主句分开,位于句末时,其前一般不用逗号。状语从句根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、原因状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语从句、方式状语从句、目的状语从句等。

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