河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期一轮复习周测(一)英语试卷及答案

衡水中学2018届高三上学期一轮复习周测

英语试题

第一部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A

It’s rare that you see the words “shyness” and “letter”in the same sentence.After all,the common viewpoint is that those outgoing and sociable guys make great public speakers and excellent networkers and that those shy people are not.A survey conducted by USA Today referred to 65 percent of executives who believed shyness to be a barrier to leadership.Interestingly,the same article stresses that roughly 40 percent of leaders actually are quite shy—they're just better at adapting themselves to situational demands.Bill Gates,Warren Buffet and Charles Schwab are just a few "innies".

Unlike their outgoing counterparts who are more sensitive to rewards and risk-taking,shy people take a cautious approach to chance.Rather than the flashy chit-chat that defines social gathering,shy people listen attentively to what others say and absorb it before they speak.They're not thinking about what to say while the other person is still talking,but rather listening so they can learn what to say.Along the same lines,shy people share a common love of learning.They are intrinsically（内在地）motivated and therefore seek content regardless of achieving an outside standard.

Being shy can also bring other benefits.Remember being in school and hearing the same kids contribute,until shy little Johnny,who almost never said a word,cut in?Then what happened? Everyone turned around to look with great respect at little Johnny actually talking.This is how shy people made good use of their power of presence: they "own" the moment by speaking calmly and purposefully,which translate to a positive image.

Shyness is often related to modesty.Not to say that limelight-seekers aren't modest,but shy people tend to have an accurate sense of their abilities and achievements.As a result,they are able to acknowledge mistakes,imperfections, knowledge gaps and limitations.

Since shy people have a lower sensitivity to outside rewards than outgoing ones,they're more comfortable working with little information and sticking to their inner desires.Shy people are also more likely to insist on finding solutions that aren't primarily apparent.Don't believe me?Maybe you'll believe

person.

The myth that shy people are less effective leaders than their outgoing fellows is just a misunderstanding.Make wise use of your personality strengths to lead your business no matter what side of the range you fall on.

1.We can learn from Paragraph 2 that_______.

A.shy people are sensitive to rewards

B.shy people care more about content

C.outgoing people are more careful about chances

D.outgoing people consider what to learn while listening

2.The example of Johnny shows______.

A.shy people are likely to be modest

B.hardworking students speak little in public

C.some students keep silent on purpose at school

D.shy people may have an advantage in discussion

3.We can learn from the underlined sentence in Paragraph 5 that______.

A.shyness results in success

B.shyness contributes to popularity

C.outside reward leads to insistence

D.uncertainty counts more than certainty

4.The author supports his ideas mainly by______.

A.giving definitions and presenting research results

B.explaining problems and providing solutions

C.quoting authorities and making evaluations

D.making contrasts and gibing examples

B

“Can’t hold a candle to” is a popular expression.When there wasn’t electricity,someone would have a servant light his way by holding a candle.The expression meant that the person who cannot hold a candle to you is not fit even to be your servant.Now,it means such a person cannot compare or compete.

Another expression is “hold your tongue.”It means to be still and not talk.“Hold your tongue”is not something you would tell a friend.But a parent or teacher might use the expression to quiet a noisy child.

“Hold out”is an expression one hears often in sports reports and labor news.It means to refuse to play or work. Professional football and baseball players “hold out” if their team refuses to pay them what they think they are worth.

The expression “hold up” has several different meanings.One is a robbery.A man with a gun may say,“This is a hold up.Give me your money.”Another meaning is to delay.A driver who was held up by heavy traffic might be late for work.Another meaning is for a story to be considered true after an investigation.A story can hold up if it is proved true.

“Hold on” is another expression,which means wait or stop.As you leave for school,your brother may say,“Hold on,you forgot your book.”It is used to ask a telephone caller to wait and not hang up his telephone.

Our final expression is “hold the line.”That means to keep a problem or situation from getting worse—to hold steady.For example,the president may say he will “hold the line on taxes.”He means there will be no increase in taxes.

5.The expression “can’t hold a candle to” can be used when _______.

A.some footballers refuse to play a game

B.someone else is wanted on the phone

C.someone is not qualified for a position

D.someone was delayed by heavy traffic

6.The tune of the phrase “hold your tongue” is probably a little_______.

A.amusing

B.polite

C.unfriendly

D.offensive

7.If some teachers “hold out”,they probably______.

A.change their attitude

B.refuse to work

C.make a compromise

D.show their devotion

8.Which of the following sentences can convey positive meanings?

A.I was late as I was held up by a hold up.

B.Hold on!You have to pay the bill,sir.

C.You can’t even hold a candle to Michael.

D.I promise to hold the line on house prices.

C

How can we reduce the risk?

There are four general approaches to dealing with volcanic（火山似的）dangers.We can try to keep the

danger from occurring—often an impossible task.We can try to change its path or reduce its impact on existing development. We can take steps to protect future development.We can also do our best to have disaster response plans in place before they are needed.

Removing the Threat

Clearly,there is no way to stop an eruption.We can,however,attempt to reduce the eruption’s effects by strengthening structures,for example,building protective works such as walls to make lava（熔岩）flow away from developed areas.Such efforts can be and have been successful,but are of limited use in a large-scale（范围）eruption.

Planning for the Future

Protecting future development from volcanic dangers is a simple task.Before building houses,we should judge the risk.If the risk seems too great,a safer location should be found.This type of planning is very effective,but all too often,people are drawn to the lush（葱郁的）,rolling land of a quiet volcano.

Disaster Preparedness（预案）

When a volcano comes to life,a few weeks may not be enough to avoid a tragedy.Planning is the key to saving lives.Well before the warning signs occur,people must be educated about volcanic dangers.Escape plans must be in https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa12356482.html,munication between scientists,officials,the media,and the general public should be practiced.Emergency measures must be thought out and agreed upon.

If you doubt the importance of these efforts,take another look at past volcanic tragedies,such as the eruption of Nevado del https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa12356482.html,munication failures left the town of Armero unprepared for escape.When a deadly mudflow came down the slope（斜坡）,21,000 people—90 percent of the town’s people—died.

9.The passage is intended for_______.

A.the general public

B.architects

C.adventurers

D.geographers

10.When building houses,people tend to______.

A.judge volcanic dangers carefully

B.take volcanic dangers seriously

C.live near a quiet volcano

D.find a safer place far away from a volcano

11.The writer mentioned Nevado del Ruiz to prove______.

A.the failure to keep volcanic dangers from happening

B.the importance of preparing for a volcanic eruption

C.the bravery of the people in Armero Town

D.t he uncertainty of volcano’s damage

D

I was born and raised in Minnesota,the USA,but us an adult I have mostly lived in Europe and Africa.I teach cross-cultural management at the International Business School near Paris.For the last 15 years,I’ve studied how people in different parts of the world build trust,communicate,and make decisions especially in the workplace.

While traveling in Tokyo recently with Japanese colleague,I gave a short talk to a group of 20 managers.At the end,I asked whether there were any questions or comments.No hands went up,so I went to sit down.My colleague whispered to me,“I think there actually were some comments,Erin.Do you mind if I try?”I agreed,but I guessed it a waste of breath.He asked the group again,“Any comments or questions?”

Still,no one raised a hand,but this time he looked very carefully at each person in the silent audience.Gesturing to one of them,he said,“Do you have something to add?”To my amazement,she responded “Yes,thank you.” and asked me a very interesting q uestion.My colleague repeated this several times,looking directly at the audience and asking for more questions or comments.

After the session,I asked my colleague,“H ow do you know that those people had questions?”He hesitated,not sure how to explain it,an d then said,“It has to do with how bright their eyes are.”

He continued,“In Japan,we don’t make as much direct eye contact as you do in the West.So when you asked if there were any comments,most people were not looking directly at you.But a few people in the group were looking right at you,and their eyes were bright.That indicates that they would be happy to have you call on them.”

I thought to myself I would never have learned from my upbringing in Minnesota.Since then,I try to focus on understanding behavior in other cultures I encounter,and keep finding the bright eyes in the room.

12.What can we conclude from the first paragraph?

A.Life in Minnesota has made the author worn out.

B.The author enjoys traveling around the world.

C.Different cultures are kind of familiar to the author.

D.The author may start his own business in the future.

13.Hearing the colleague whispering,the author______.

A.went back to his seat and got seated

B.knew his colleague had some questions

C.owed a big debt of gratitude to his colleague

D.thought his colleague would get nowhere

14.Where does the author’s colleague probably come from?

A.Japan.

B.America.

C.Africa.

D.France

15.Which is the proper title for the passage?

A.Focusing on Behavior in Cultures.

B.Looking at Another Culture in the Eye.

C.Sharing Different Cultures in Tokyo.

D.Admiring the Beauty in the Eye.

第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）

根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

How to Study Better

If you want to study better,you should pay attention to learning methods,study skills and study habits. Developing them can help you learn better.

Keep your study area tidy and organized.Papers,books,magazines,or pictures all over your work area m ay

distract you from the work you have to do._16 _If there are too many icons on your desktop,it is difficult for you to

find what you need immediately.

Maintain a quiet work area for yourself.Make sure your work area is free of distractions.There are too many

distractions at home,such as a phone,music,TV,friends,or family members.Proper study space can usually be found in

the public library,school library,or your bedroom._17_

_18 _While learning,you need write,calculate and look up something.So it is very important and necess ary to

have all the necessary materials and tools that you need with you.In this way,you needn’t be busy borrowing them.

_19 _In addition to reading your textbook,it is helpful to read or view materials from other sources,suc h as

newspapers,magazines,the Internet,and television programs.You can understand what you will learn in class

better.

Never forget to take notes carefully in class.Taking notes carefully can help to grasp the key parts._20 _We can

say that it is really a successful way to study.

A.A quiet place can help to improve study efficiency.

B.You should know how to schedule your study time.

C.The same is your computer desktop.

D.Try hard to learn knowledge as much as possible.

E.It is convenient to review them later.

F.Having necessary materials is very beneficial to study.

G.Get ready for class by reading extra materials ahead of time.

第二部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）

第一节完形填空（共20小题；每题1.5分，满分30分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

I was at the post office early that morning,hoping to be in and out in a short while.Yet,I_21_myself standing in a queue that went all the way into the hallway.I had never seen so many people there on a weekday.It seemed someone might have made an announcement,welcoming customers to carry as many_22_as they could and bring them in when I needed to have my own package_23_.The queue moved very slowly.My patience ran out and I got_24_.The longer it took,the angrier I became.When I got to the counter finally,I finished my_25_ quickly and briefly,and then walked past the queue that was now extending past the front door.

"Excuse me,"I said,trying not to be too pushy.Several people had to move_26_to make room for me to get to the _27_.

I stepped out,complaining about the_28_conditions.Thinking I was going to be late for my dentist appointment,I headed into the parking lot.

A woman was coming across the lot in my_29_.She was walking with determination,and each step sounded very heavy.I_30_that she looked as if she could breathe fire.It stopped me in my

tracks.I_31_myself and it wasn't pretty. Had I looked like that?Her body language said that she was having a_32_day.My anger melted away.I wished I could wrap her in a hug but I was a_33_.So I did what I could in a minute_34_she hurried past me－I smiled.In a second everything changed.She was astonished,then somewhat_35_.Then her face softened and her shoulders_36_.I saw her take a deep breath.Her pace slowed and she smiled back at me as we passed each other.

I continued to smile all the way to my_37_.Wow,it's amazing what a simple smile can do.

From then on,I became aware of people's_38_and my own,the way we show our feelings.Now I use that_39_ every day to let it_40_me that when facing the world,I can try a smile.

21.A.found B.helped C.troubled D.enjoyed

22.A.things B.packages C.chances D.dollars

23.A.lifted B.cashed C.weighed D.carried

24.A.pleased B.disappointed C.delighted D.annoyed

25.A.business B.choice C.situation D.attitude

26.A.away B.about C.along D.aside

27.A.counter B.cashier C.exit D.entrance

28.A.weather B.service C.work D.shopping

29.A.satisfaction B.decision C.direction D.imagination

30.A.announced B.discovered C.proved D.noticed

31.A.trusted B.recognized C.hid D.persuaded

32.A.rough B.bright C.big D.nice

33.A.gentleman B.stranger C.customer D.passenger

34.A.until B.though C.before D.since

35.A.attracted B.frightened C.cheered D.confused

36.A.trembled B.raised C.relaxed D.tightened

37.A.car B.office C.home D.doctor

38.A.appearances B.reactions C.behaviors D.expressions

39.A.treatment B.awareness C.conclusion D.achievement

40.A.remind B.show C.give D.tell

第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

He was a professor.At the age of 90,he still worked eight hours every day regardless_41_the weather.

His secretary said:“He was extremely old,but he forced himself to walk from his living place to the office through two blocks._42_would take him an hour to do so,but he insisted because it made him get a sense of_43_ (succeed).”

One day,a university student_44_(step) out of his office with a pile of books.He complained: “He always answers my questions with just a yes or no.However,he always gives me dozens of books and suggests me_45_(find) the answer on my own.”

By chance,the professor knew_46_the student complained about.He explained to him with a smile:“This is the method I have learnt—the_47_(hard) you work independently,the better solutions you will find.If you can make full use of the books,you will_48_(probable) become a good lawyer in the future.”

This 90-year-old man was Pound,_49_was the president of Law College of Harvard.He believed “all slopes are easy_50_( go)”,of which he often reminded his students.

第三部分写作（共三节，满分45分）

第一节单句语法填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）

在空白处填入适当的内容或使用括号中单词的正确形式。

51.I preferred the former design to the （后者）.

52.She has been （受苦，受难）loss of memory since she had that car accident.

53.There were 2,000 people （出席的）at the meeting yesterday.

54.The play is （以……为基础）on a short story by Mark Twin of the same title.

55.She had a number of jobs abroad before she finally （安顿下来）down.

56.As far as I am (concern),I can’t agree with what you said.

57.Both English and French are (office) languages in Canada.

58.Good books of high quality (rich) the mind.

59.He is (actual) over fifty years old.

60.A lot has been done in the (recover) of national economy in the past few years.

第二节短文改错（共10小题，每小题1分，满分10分）

假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下短文。短文中共有10处错误，每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在此符号下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（＼）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；

2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

People used to communicate with each other through letters and public phones.So nowadays they use mobile phones and the Internet instead of.This change in communication have good effects on our works and https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa12356482.html,paring with letters and public phones,mobile phones and the Internet are fast and much more convenient.If you missed your grandmother,you just take out your phone and say “hello” to him.And she will be happy to hear your voice.If you want to place order with a foreign company,you can e-mail the message.It’ll be minutes after you get their reply.

第三节书面表达（满分25分）

环境一直是人们普遍关注的话题，也是每位学生喜爱和经常讨论的话题。假如你是李华，请根据下表的信息，写一篇英文短文。

注意：

1.词数100左右；

2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

参考词汇：schoolyard校园

河北省衡水中学2018届高三上学期一轮复习周测

英语试题答案

1-5 BDADC 6-10 CBDAC 11-15 BCDAB 16-20 CAFGE

21-25 ABCDA 26-30 DCBCD 31-35 BABCD 36-40 CADBA

41.of 42.It 43.success 44.stepped 45.finding

46.what 47.harder 48.probably 49.who 50.to go

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa12356482.html,tter 52.suffering 53.present 54.based 55.settled

56.concerned 57.official 58.enrich 59.actually 60.recovery

短文改错：

61.So→But 62.去掉instead后的of 63.have→has 64.works→work

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa12356482.html,paring→Compared

66.fast→faster 67.missed→miss 68.him→her 69.place后加an 70.after→before

书面表达：

How can we protect and create a harmonious environment?

First of all,we should use proper words,behave politely and think for others.If we want to live and study happily, we should respect teachers,unite other students,and help each other.We should also treat and understand others with more patience.Besides,we should keep schoolyard clean,which helps to make our body healthy.Finally,we need to make efforts to create a family environment full of love and warmth.Often communicating with our parents,we will help them do what we can.

In my opinion,environment protection depends on the efforts made by everyone.

河北省衡水中学2019届高三下第一次调研考试生物考试试卷含解析

2019年全国高三统一联合考试 理科综合能力测试（生物部分） 1．下列关于人体内细胞分化的叙述，错误的是 A．细胞分化是基因在不同时间或空间选择性表达的结果 B．细胞分化使细胞功能专门化，提高了各项生理功能的效率 C．细胞内合成了血红蛋白是造血干细胞分化为红细胞的标志 D．胚胎干细胞、成肌细胞及造血干细胞的分化程度依次降低 2．将同一部位的紫色洋葱外表皮细胞分别浸在甲、乙、丙3种溶液中，测得原生质层的外界面与细胞壁间距离变化如图所示，下列相关分析错误的是 A．实验开始时，甲、乙溶液的浓度均大于洋葱表皮细胞细胞液浓度 B．与t0时相比，t2时乙溶液中洋葱表皮细胞的细胞液浓度未发生变化 C．实验过程中，丙溶液中有水分子进出洋葱表皮细胞 D．实验结束时，甲、乙溶液的浓度有所下降 3．将某小鼠的皮肤移植给多只同种小鼠后，将受皮鼠分成甲、乙两组。甲组小鼠注射一定剂量的环孢霉素A，乙组小鼠注射等量生理盐水，并每天统计植皮的存活率，结果如图。下列分析错误的是 A．受皮鼠与供皮鼠的细胞表面抗原不完全相同 B．甲组小鼠对外源供皮的免疫排斥强度大于乙组小鼠 C．环孢霉素A可能通过抑制T细胞增殖从而减弱免疫应答 D．使用环孢霉素A有可能提高人体器官移植患者的存活率 4．在植物叶肉细胞的叶绿体基质中有R酶，既能与CO2结合，催化CO2与C5反应生成C3，也能与O2结合，催化

C5的分解。CO2和O2在与R酶结合时具有竞争性相互抑制。下列分析正确的是 A．植物叶肉细胞内CO2的固定发生在叶绿体内膜上 B．R酶催化CO2与C5反应时需要[H]和ATP C．增大CO2浓度后，植物叶肉细胞内的C3/C5比值增大 D．增大O2/CO2的比值，有利于提高植物的净光合速率 5．将生理状态相同、大小相似的多只家兔均分为甲、乙2组，2组家兔分别注射一定浓度的胰岛素溶液和肾上腺素溶液，一段时间后检测发现甲组家免血糖浓度下降，乙组家兔血糖浓度升高。下列分析错误的是A．因缺少对照，该实验不能得出血糖浓度受激素影响的结论 B．实验开始前，应分别测量甲、乙两组小鼠的初始血糖浓度 C．实验过程中，甲组家兔可能会出现行动迟缓甚至昏迷等症状 D．肾上腺素可能具有促进肝糖原分解，升高血糖的功能 6．正常人16号染色体有4个A基因(基因型为AA/AA)，均能独立编码正常肽链，a基因则编码异常肽链。每个血红蛋白分子均有2个上述肽链参与构成(异常肽链也能参与)。研究表明，当体内缺少1～2个A基因时无明显贫血症状，缺少3个A基因时有溶血现象，无A基因时，胎儿因无正常的血红蛋白造成胚胎致死。一对无明显贫血症状的夫妇婚后先后怀孕二胎，头胎胚胎致死，第二胎完全正常。下列分析错误的是 A．这对夫妇的基因型均为AA/aa B．这对夫妇的血红蛋白有2种类型 C．血红蛋白结构异常时可造成红细胞破裂 D．这对夫妇再生育完全正常孩子的概率为1/4 7．草莓在大棚内种植受光质影响较大。在大棚内总透射光照强度、温度、CO2浓度和湿度等相同的条件下，科研人员测得某品种香草莓在不同农膜(白膜为自然光质，对照组)大棚内，3个月后草莓叶片和果实的部分数据见下表，请回答下列问题： （1）与对照组相比，蓝膜、红膜大棚内草莓叶片细胞内色素含量对环境的适应性表现分别是 ______________________；依据表中数据，对蓝膜大棚内草莓叶片适应性变化的解释是_______________________。（2）依据表中光补偿点和光饱和点的数据分析，草莓在___________(填“白膜”蓝膜”或“红膜”)大棚中的生长反应是耐阴生性增强；为提高冬季大棚草莓的产量，除了选择适合的农膜颜色外，还可适当补充___________光源。

【全国百强校】河北省衡水中学2018届高三十六模理综生物试题(解析版)

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