限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别

限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句有四大区别，

一、在句中作用不同

限制性定语从句对被修饰的先行词有限定制约作用，使该词的含义更具体，更明确。限制性定语从句不能被省略，否则句意就不完整。

非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，只是对其作一些附加说明，不起限定制约作用。如果将非限制性定语从句省去，主句的意义仍然完整。

二、外在表现形式不同

限制性定语从句因与先行词关系密切，所以不可以用逗号将其与主句隔开；而非限制性定语从句与先行词关系不十分密切，所以可用逗号将其与主句隔开。

例1. This is the place where he used to live.

例2. Mr. Zhang，who came to see me yesterday，is an old friend of mine.

在例1中，定语从句与先行词关系密切，为限制性定语从句，不可用逗号将其与主句隔开。在例2中，定语从句与先行词关系不密切，为非限制性定语从句，可用逗号将其与主句隔开。

三、先行词内容有所不同

大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句，此时非限制性定语从句常由which 引导。例：1. A middle-aged woman killed her husband，which frightened me very much.

由语境可知，令“我”恐惧的内容应为“中年女子杀害了自己的丈夫”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which 引导定语从句。

例：2. A five-year-old boy can

speak two foreign languages，which surprises all the people present.

由语境可知，令所有在场的人感到惊讶的内容是“一个五岁男孩会讲两门外语”这整个一件事，因此先行词为整个主句，此时应由which 引导非限制性定语从句。

四、关系词的使用情况有所不同

（一）that 不可用于引导非限制性定语从句

所有关系代词和关系副词均可引导限制性定语从句，大多数关系代词和关系副词可引导非限制性定语从句，但that 不可。

例如：他没通过这次考试，令我很失望。

误：He didn't pass the exam，that disappointed me.

正：He didn't pass the exam，which disappointed me.

值得注意的是，不少同学误认为只有which 才能引导非限制性定语从句，这个观点是不正确的。使用非限制性定语从句时，如果先行词指人，则用who ，whom或whose 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词指物可用which 引导非限制性定语从句；先行词表时间或地点且在从句中作时间状语或地点状语时，可用when，where 引导非限制性定语从句。例1. We'll graduate in July，when we will be free.

例2. Last Sunday they reached Nanjing，where a conference was to be held.

（二）关系代词替代情况不同

关系代词whom 在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可用who 代替whom ，但whom 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时不可用who 来代替。

例: 1. This is the girl whom I met in the street.

先行词the girl 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，可用who 代替whom .

例: 2. A young man had a new girl friend，whom he wanted to impress.

先行词a new girl friend 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，不可用who 代替whom .

在限制性定语从句中，先行词指人时可用that 代替who/ whom ，但在非限制性定语从句中先行词指人时，不可用that 代替who/whom .

例：她有一个姐姐，她是教师。

误：She has a sister，that is a teacher.

正：She has a sister，who is teacher.

（三）关系代词省略情况不同

关系代词在限制性定语从句中作宾语时可以省去，非限制性定语从句的所有关系词均不可省。

例1. This is the book（which/that）he lost yesterday.

先行词the book 在限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which 或that 可以省略。

例2. The book，which he lost yesterday，has been found.

先行词the book 在非限制性定语从句中作宾语，关系代词which 不可省。

(四）as引导定语从句时的用法

① as引导限制性定语从句通常用于the same … as, such … as结构中。

e.g. I want the same shirt as my friend’s.

Such machines as are used in our workshop are made in China.

我们车间使用的这种机器是中国制造的。

② as引导非限制性定语从句既可放在主句之前，也可放在主句之后，用来修饰整个句子。通常用下列句型：as is known to all, as is said, as is reported, as is announced, as we all know, as I expect 等。

e.g. As I expected, he got the first place again in this mid-term examination.

3）as 引导非限制性定语从句时与which的区别

①当主句和从句语义一致时，用as；反之，用which来引导非限制性定语从句。

e.g. He made a long speech, as we expected.

He made a long speech, which was unexpected.

②当非限制定语从句为否定时，常用which引导。

e.g. Tom drinks a lot every day, which his wife doesn’t like at all.

2. 定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词，中间由一个定语、状语或谓语隔开。这种定语从句叫做分隔性定语从句

e.g. There is an express ion in his eyes that I can’t understand.

4. 引导定语从句的关系副词有时可以用“介词+ which”来代替。

e.g. October 1, 1949 was the day on which ( = when ) the People’s Republic of China was founded.

5. 当定语从句中谓语动词是带介词或副词的固定短语动词时，短语动词的各个固定部分不要拆开。

e.g. The sick man whom she is looking after is her father.

6. 介词在关系代词前，只能用which和whom，且不能省略；介词在句尾，关系代词可以省略。

一、把下列每对句子合并成含有定语从句的主从复合句：

1. The fan is on the desk. You want it.

2. The man is in the next room. He brought our textbooks here yesterday.

3. The magazine is mine. He has taken it away.

4. The students will not pass the exam. They don’t study hard.

5. The woman is our geography teacher. You saw her in the park.

6. The letter is from my sister. I received it yesterday.

7. The play was wonderful. We saw it last night.

8. The train was late. It was going to Nanning.

9. The boy is my brother. He was here a minute ago.

10. The tree is quite tall. He is climbing it.

11. Here is the girl. Her brother works in this shop.

12. That’s the child. We were looking at his drawing just now.

13. This is the boy. His sister is a famous singer.

14. I want to talk to the boys. Their homework haven’t been handed in.

15. Is that the woman? Her daughter is in my class.

16. He used to live in a big house. In front of it grew many banana trees.

17. They passed a factory. At the back of the factory there were rice fields.

18. The soldier ran to the building. On the top of it flew a flag.

19. In the evening they arrived at a hill. At the foot of the hill there was a temple.

20. She came into a big room. In the middle of it stood a large table.

二、根据句子意思，用介词＋关系代词whom或which 完成下列句子.

1. The person ________ ________ I spoke just now is the manager that I told you about.

2. The pencil ________ ________ he was writing broke.

3. Wu Dong, ________ ________ I went to the concert, enjoyed it very much.

4. The two things ________ ________ Marx was not sure were the grammar and some of the

idioms of English.

5. Her bag, ________ ________ she put all her books, has not been found.

6. The stories about the Long March, ________ ________ this is one example, are well written.

一、限制性、非限制性定语从句的区别

1.作用不同：限制性定语从句在意义上与先行词关系密切，不可缺少的定语，去掉主句意思不完整或失去意义。

非限制性和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加的说明，去掉主句意思

仍然清楚。

His brother who lives in London will go to America next week.

他住在伦敦的哥哥（可能还有别的）

His brother ，who lives in London ，will go to America next week.

（只有一个哥哥）

2.形式不同：限无逗号，非限用逗号隔开。

3.先行词：限制：一般noun/pron

非限：专有noun或受物主、指示代词修饰的noun或句子

4.关系词不同：that，why不能引导非限

非限：that——which；why——for which

I have told him them the reason, for which I didn’t attend the meeting.

Her son is very smart, which makes her happy.

5.关系词替代情况不同

（1）.限制：whom作宾语时可用who替代whom

非限：whom作宾语时不能用who替代whom，Prep+whom=who

This is the boy whom/who I met at the theatre.

A young man had a new girlfriend, whom he wanted to impress.

（2）.限制：指人——that，who，whom

非限：指人——who，whom

6.关系代词省略情况不同

限制：关系代词作宾语时可省略（prep后不可）

非限：所有关系词不可省略

二.as 和which的选择（非限中）

Same：都可以指代整个句子的内容，非限定语从句位于句末且as 或which作主语、宾语或表语时，常可互换。

He married her, as /which was natural.

He is an old kind fisherman, as /which anybody can see.(宾语)

Different：

(1)如非限定语从句位于主句之前，只能用as。

As is known to everybody, the moon travels around the earth once every month. Edison, as is known to all, invented the electric lamp.

（2）as在从句中作主语，后面常+行为v的被动式

Which在从句中作主语，后面常+行为v的主动式

A big earthquke occurred in Sichuan last night, as was reported on TV.

He passed the exam, which made his parents happy.

(3) as引导的从句在意义上不可与主句相悖，而which引导的不受此限制。Chang’e-1 has been launched successfully, as was expected.

The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn’t expected.

(4) as常用在一些固定结构中

As we know/ as is known to all/ as we all can see

As is often the case 情况常常是这样

As might be imagined 可以想象得到

As might be expected 正如所预料的那样

As has been pointed out 正如所指出的那样

As has been said before/above 正如前文所述

As （it）often happens 像往常一样

She has been absent again, as （it）often happens.

（5）当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身（一个先行词）而不是主句时，不可用as代替which

The dog, which we saw in the street yeaterday, is Mary’s.

四、exercises

His dog became ill and died, which made hime very lonely.

I haven’t seen such a lovely dog as is shown on the picture.

五、addition

先行词one/ ones/ anyone/those/he 后关系代词用who不用that。

One who is often late should be punished.

The ones who are

Anyone who is

Those who are

He who is

Ones 指复数的人

一、应避免用于下列情形：1.在表示所属关系的词后，除非这类词后有形容词：This is my car and that’s my husbands.

My cheap camera takes better pictures than his expensive one.

2.在两个形容词表示对比时

Compare British and American universities.

3.these 和those之后

Do you prefer these designs or those?

二、用于which之后以区分单复数

Here are the designs. Which one(s) do you prefer?

三、ones 用于adj之后，指前文中未曾限定的人

It’s t ime the little ones were in bed.

Students who do well in tests are the ones who ask questions in class.