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小议汉语几类句子的英译

小议汉语几类句子的英译
小议汉语几类句子的英译

Unit 4 汉语几类句子的英译

Translating several typical types of Chinese sentences

(1)紫鹃答应着,忙出来换了一个痰盆儿,将手里的这个盆儿放在桌子上,开了套间门出来,仍旧带上门,放下撒花软帘,出来叫醒雪雁。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》)

译文1:Zijuan was answering and hurried out to change a spittoon and put the spittoon in her hand on the table and opened the door of inner-room to go out, still closed it, let down the flowered portiere and go to wake Xueyan.

译文2:

(2)我原来计划今年二月访问美国,后来不得不推迟,这使我感到很扫兴。

译文1:I had intended to pay a visit to America in February but then I had to postpone it, this was a deep disappointment to me.

译文2:

(3)哼,让大家说吧,周家大少爷看上他家里面的女下人,怕什么,我喜欢他。(曹禺《雷雨》)译文1:Huh, let everybody say, eldest son of Zhou’s family is in love with one of female servants in his family, what I fear, I like her.

译文2:

分析下列汉语几类句子的特征:

(4)不一会,北风小了,路上浮尘早已刮净,剩下一条洁白的大道来,车夫也跑得更快。(鲁迅《一件小事》)

(5)那时,周瑜是个“青年团员”,当东吴的统帅,程普等老将不服,后来说服了,还是由他当,结果打了胜仗。(《毛泽东选集》第五卷)

(6)老关忙即跳了车去,摸摸腰间的勃郎宁,又向四下里瞥了一眼,就过去开了车门,站在门旁边。(矛盾《子夜》)

(7)小国人民敢于起来斗争,敢于拿起武器,掌握自己国家的命运,就一定能够战胜大国的侵略。(8)嘴甜心苦,两面三刀,上头笑着,脚底下就使绊子,明是一盆火,暗是一把刀,她全都占了。(曹雪芹《红楼梦》)

分析下列几类英语句子的特征:

(1)It comes as a great shock to discover that the country which is your birthplace and to which you owe your life and identity has not, in its whole system of reality, evolved any place for you. (James Baldwin, “The American Dream and the American Negro”)

(2)Now they could see the square, empty too—the amphitheatric lightless stores, the slender white pencil of the confederate monument against the mass of the courthouse looming in columned up-soar to the dim quadruple face of the clock lighted each by a single faint bulb with a quality as intransigent against their four fixed mechanical shouts of adjuration and warning as the glow of a firefly.(William Faulkner, “Intruder in the Dust”)

(3)The accents of the Hebrew tongue, however harsh they might have sounded when uttered by another, had, coming from the beautiful Rebecca, the romantic and pleasing effect, which fancy ascribes to the charms pronounced by some beneficent fairy, unintelligible indeed to the ear, but from the sweetness of utterance and benignity of aspect which accompanied them, touching and affecting to the heart.(Scott)(4)No one will deny that what we have been able to do in the past five years is especially striking in view of the crisis which we inherited from the previous government.

这几个英语句子和前面几个汉语句子相比有以下四点不同:1)英语每个句子都以S-V为结构

主干,以谓语动词为核心组成空间搭架;而汉语强调按时间顺序和事理顺序,句子结构不像英语那样以谓语动词为核心,只有句(6)一类有S-V结构框架,但谓语动词铺排很多,与英语明显不同。2)英语有发达的关系手段,不仅有形态变化,有连词和介词,还有关系代词、关系副词、不定式、分词和动名词,可以构成无数的短语,表达各种语法关系;而汉语是非形态语言,无形态变化,也无非谓语动词形式,更没有关系代词和关系副词,尽管有连词和介词,但数量比英语的少,使用频率远比英语的低。3)英语由于有形态变化,又强调主谓一致,因此句界分明;汉语无形态变化,由于强调按时间和事理顺序横向排列,所以断句不严,思维单位不是句子而是句组甚至段落。4)上述四个英语句子除句(1)外,其它三个句子的语义重心均在句首,正好顺应S-V 格局。“过去的作家们多喜欢使用掉尾句布置悬念以增强语言效果,而当今的作家们似乎更趋向于开门见山,以增强对主要概念的理解机会。”这说明英语句子的语义重心在句首是主要趋势。汉语句(4)至句(7),除句(6)语义重心在谓语动词之外,其余三句的语义重心均在句末。汉语的流水句是一个小句一个小句地铺排,常常是最重要的信息在后边。汉语的主题句前一部分提出话题,后一部分进行评论,充分表达作者的意图,达到交际的目的。评论语前边有时有描述或说明;评论语本身有的说明话题的性质,有的表达作者的观点或态度,若二者同时存在,总是说明性质的评论语在前,表明作者观点或态度的评论语在后。汉语中有关联词语和无关联词语的复句大都是语义重心落在后一个分句上,尤其是偏正复句基本上都是偏句在前,正句在后。大体说来与英语主从复合句的语义重心相反。

汉语句子结构上的这些差异是如何形成的?有什么哲学和文化学上的根据?

中西哲学和文化发展史告诉我们,汉民族历史上讲究“天人合一”,重视整体抽象,注重心理时空,特别强调时间顺序原则,注意空间移动;而英民族强调“人物分立”,重视形式论证,把整体分解,注重天然时空,尤其重视空间天然真实性。这是汉英两个民族思维方式上的不同,这种不同反映在文化上就出现了中国画采用散点透视,西洋画采用焦点透视,中国音乐注重旋律,西洋音乐注重和声,中国小说重视情节发展,西方小说重视人物刻画和心理描写。这种不同类型的文化反映在语言上就是汉语没有形态变化,断句不严,句子结构上没有焦点,强调按时间顺序和事理排列,内容上自足,可称为时间型的动态结构;而英语有形态变化,句界分明,句子以限定动词为核心控制各种关系,组成空间搭架,形态上自足,可称为空间型静态结构。上述的对比分析为进一步探讨汉语的流水句、主题句、连动句和意合句的英译提供了基础。

汉语句子参考译文:

(4)Presently the wind dropped a little. By now the loose dust had all been blown away, leaving the roadway clean, and the rickshaw man quickened his pace.

(5)Zhou Yu, who was then a “Youth League member” in age, was appointed commanding general of the Wu army. Cheng Pu and other battle-seasoned generals protested but were later persuaded into accepting his command, and in the end the battle was won.

(6)Old Guan quickly scrambled out of the car, placing his hand on the Browning at his side and glancing all round. Then he went round and opened the other door and stood holding it.

(7)The people of a small country can certainly defeat aggression by a big country, if only they dare to rise in struggle, dare to take up arms and grasp in their own hands the destiny of their own country.

(8)She’ll give you sweet talk when there’s hatred in her heart, she’s no double-faced and tricky. All the time she’s smiling she tries to trip you up, making a show of great warmth while she stabs you in the back. That’s the way she is.

课下作业:

1.白杨不是平凡的树。它在西北极普遍,不被人重视,就跟北方农民相似;它有极强的生命力,磨折不了,压迫不倒,也跟北方的农民相似。(矛盾:《白杨礼赞》)

2.这位州长,一直十分注意自己的形象,令我们吃惊的是,这位被誉为正直可靠的父母官竟然是

个贪赃枉法之徒。

汉译英在线翻译句子

[标签:标题] 篇一:2015汉译英句子翻译(包括参考译文) 2015年汉译英综合练习 1. 她就是这样风里来,雨里去,成年累月地工作着。 This is how she carries on her work, rain or shine, all the year round. 2. 西湖如明镜,千峰凝翠,洞壑幽深,风光奇丽。 The West Lake is like a mirror, embellished all around with emerald hills and deep caves of enchanting beauty. 3. 但我就是这个脾气,虽然几经努力,却未能改变过来。 But it’s the way I am, and try as I might, I haven’t been able to change it. 4. 一踏上中华人民共和国国土,我们就随时随地地受到关怀和照顾。 From the moment we stepped into the People’s Republic of China, care and kindness surrounded us on every side. 5. 袭人道:“一百年还记得呢!比不得你,拿着我的话当耳边风,夜里说了,早起就忘了。”“I’ll remember it if I live to be a hundred!”said Aroma. “I am not like you, letting what I say go in at one ear and out at the other forgetting what’s said at night by the next morning.” 6. 要制造飞机,就必须仔细考虑空气阻力问题。 Air resistance must be given careful consideration when the aircraft is to be made. 7. 为什么总把这些麻烦事推给我呢? Why should all the unpleasant jobs be pushed onto me? 8. 只有在我过于劳累,在我长时间无间断地工作,在我感到内心空虚,需要补充精神营养 的时候,我才感到寂寞。 I am lonely when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. 9. 中国成功地爆炸了第一颗原子弹,在全世界引起了巨大的反响。 The successful explosion of the first atomic bomb in China caused great repercussions all over the world. 10. 我们应该实行国民经济信息化和科研成果产业化。 We should build an information-based national economy and apply scientific research achievements to industrial production. 11. 你说的倒轻巧,你也给我捧个奖杯回来。 You talk as if it were very simple. Why not try yourself and see if you can bring back a trophy, too? 12. 中国应该用实践向世界表明,中国反对霸权主义、强权政治、永不称霸。 China should show the world through actions that she is opposed to hegemonism and power politics and will never seek hegemony. 13. 中国明朝的著名旅行家徐霞客一生周游考察了16个省,足迹几乎遍布全国。 Xu Xiake, a great traveler in China’s Ming Dynasty, visited 16 provinces in his lifetime, leaving his footprints in nearly every corner of the country. 14. 阿Q将衣服摔在地上,吐一口唾沫,说:“这毛虫”! Ah Q flung his jacket on the ground, spat, and swore, “Hairy worm!”

高中英语汉语成语及俗语英译

汉语成语及俗语英译 1.挨家挨户from door to door(作状语)/door-to-door (作定语) 2.爱不释手can’t bear/stand putting sth. down 3.安居乐业live in peace and enjoy work 4.安然无恙safe and sound 5.安于现状be satisfied with the things as they are 6.白手起家from nothing 7.百感交集have mixed feelings 8.百看不厌be worth reading (watching) a hundred times/never get tired of reading (watching) …/never get bored with reading (watching)... 9.摆谱儿/出风头show off 10.半途而废give up half way 11.饱经风霜/历经磨难go through all kinds of hardships/suffer a lot 第1页

12.保平安inform sb. of one’s safety 13.暴饮暴食eat and drink too much 14.备受推崇be highly recommended (by…)/be very popular (among…)/be highly regarded (by…) 15.变幻莫测/变化无常changeable 16.宾至如归feel at home 17.并驾齐驱/齐头并进keep pace with 18.勃然大怒lose one’s temper/burst into anger 19.博览群书read widely 20.不辞而别leave without saying goodbye 21.不辞辛劳take the trouble to do 22.不懂装懂pretend to know when/what one doesn’t know 23.不负盛名/名副其实/名不虚传live up to one’s reputation 24.不攻自破prove to be false 25.不假思索without thinking/without hesitation 26.不尽相同not exactly the same 第2页

汉译英重要句型

43. I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned _____ at the meeting. A. down B. up C. out D. over 44. Contrary _____popular belief,moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite. A. on B. at C. against D. to 45. _____ the storm,we have to postpone the flight. A. Owing to B. Thanks to C. Because D. As 46. By using both ears one can tell the direction _____ a sound comes. A. in which B. from which C. over which D. with which 47. When she worked with the government,she _____ the difficult task of monitoring elections. A. overworked B. overtook C. underwent D. undertook 48. Apparently,it wasn‘t an accident. Someone must have done it on _____. A. intention B. determination C. purpose D. reason 49. _____ conclusion,walking is a cheap,safe and enjoyable form of exercise. A. In B. On C. By D. As

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英译汉句子练习

TEXT 41 The bane ofItaly 祸起意大利(陈继龙编译) Jun29th 2006 FromThe Economist print edition ALEXANDER STILLE'S new book on Silvio Berlusconi, the flamboyant[1]former Italian prime minister, is neither a b________①nor a work of investigative journalism.Its real value is that it represents the first attempt, in English at least, to recount in a readable fashion the story, not of Mr Berlusconi himself, but of Berlusconi-ism. (1)That gives it a wide appeal, for, as its author argues persuasively, Berlusconi-ism is the extrapolation[2]to grotesque[3] extremes of a phenomenon that has gradually, and all too imperceptibly, become widespread. 亚历山大·斯蒂莱的新作写的是个性张扬的意大利前任总理西尔维奥·贝鲁斯科尼,但它并非是一本传记,也不是新闻调查作品。其真正的价值在于,它首次尝试以一种可读性较强的风格,记述了“贝鲁斯科尼主义”而不是贝鲁斯科尼的生平。这也是本书独具魅力之所在,因为诚如作者很有说服力地论证的那样,“贝鲁斯科尼主义”是对某种现象怪诞至极时的推论,这种现象日趋普遍而所有人却都浑然不觉。 Mr Stille is at his best when he describes how a man with a corporation with billions of dollars of d_______②succeeded in less than eight months, between 1993 and 1994, in turning himself into his country's leader. (2)Along the way, he identifies various keysto Mr Berlusconi's success. 斯蒂莱先生最出彩的描写是,一个拥有一家债台高筑的公司的人,如何在1993年至1994年间的短短8个月内,成功地使自己成为国家领导人。他在书中一一揭示了贝鲁斯科尼的成功要诀。 TEXT 40 Selling the sage of Qufu 推销孔圣人(陈继龙编译) Jul6th 2006 | TOKYO FromThe Economist print edition

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