2016年6月18日大学英语四级真题及答案(去听力)

2016年6月英语四级考试完整真题及答案

Part I Writing （30 minutes）

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。

Part III Reading Comprehension （40 minutes）

Section A

Directions：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks。You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage。Read the passage through carefully before making your choices。Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter。Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once。

Questions 26 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard。

Physical activity does the body good，and there?s growing evidence that it helps the brain too。Researchers in the Netherlands report that children who get more exercise，whether at school or on their own，26to have higher GPAs and better scores on standardized tests。In a 27of 14 studies that looked at physical activity and academic28，investigators found that the more children moved，the better their grades were in school，29in the basic subjects of math，English and reading。

The data will certainly fuel the ongoing debate over whether physical education classes should be cut as schools struggle to 30on smaller budgets。The arguments against physical education have included concerns that gym time may be taking away from study time。With standardized test scores in the U.S。31in recent years，some administrators believe students need to spend more time in the classroom instead of on the playground。But as these findings show，exercise and academics may not be 32exclusive。Physical activity can improve blood 33 to the brain，fueling memory，attention and creativity，which are 34to learning。And exercise releases hormones that can improve 35and relieve stress，which can also help learning。So while it may seem as if kids are just exercising their bodies when they?re running around，they may actually be exercising their brains as well。

注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。

A）attendance

B）consequently

C）current

D）depressing

E）dropping

F）essential

G）feasible

H）flow

I）mood

J）mutually

K）particularly

L）performance

M）review

N）survive

O）tend

Section B

Directions：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it。Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs。Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived。You may choose a paragraph more than once。Each paragraph is marked with a letter。Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2。

Finding the Right Home—and Contentment，Too

[A] When your elderly relative needs to enter some sort of long-term care facility—a moment few parents or children approach without fear—what you would like is to have everything made clear。

[B] Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home，or has the industry simply hired better interior designers？Are nursing homes as bad as people fear，or is that an out-moded stereotype （固定看法）？Can doing one?s homework really steer families to the best places？It is genuinely hard to know。

[C] I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed。And that the

characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in。I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add。Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record。But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do。

[D] The most recent of these studies，published in The journal of Applied Gerontology，surveyed 150 Connecticut residents of assisted living，nursing homes and smaller residential care homes （known in some states as board and care homes or adult care homes）。Researchers from the University of Connecticut Health Center asked the residents a large number of questions about their quality of life，emotional well-being and social interaction，as well as about the quality of the facilities。

[E] “We thought we would see differences based on the housing types，” said the lead author of the study，Julie Robison，an associate professor of medicine at the university。A reasonable assumption—don?t families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can?t？

[F] In the initial results，assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture。They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities，for instance，and less likely to be bored or lonely。They scored higher on social interaction。

[G] But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables，such differences disappeared。It is not the housing type，they found，that creates differences in residents? responses。“It is the characteristics of the specif ic environment they are in，combined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are，their age and marital status，” Dr。Robison explained。

Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant。

[H] An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health，therefore，might be no less depressed in assisted living （even if her children preferred it）than in a nursing home。A person who bad input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home，other factors being equal。It is an interaction between the person and the place，not the sort of place in itself，that leads to better or worse experiences。“You can?t just say，…Let?s put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off，” Dr。Robison said。What matters，she added，“is a combination of what people bring in with them，and what they find there。”

[I] Such findings，which run counter to common sense，have surfaced before。In a multi-state study of assisted living，for instance，University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility?s type，size or age；whether a chain owned it；how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness，mental decline，hospitalizations or mortality。What mattered most was the residents? physical health and mental status。What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened one they were there。

[J] As I was considering all this， a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are。As a matter of fact，consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities，the lowest rated，than with the five-star ones。（More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post。）

[K] Before we collectively tear our hair out—how are we supposed to find our way in a landscape this confusing？—here is a thought from Dr。Philip Sloane，a geriatrician（老年病学专家）at the University of North Carolina：“In a way，that could be liberating for families。”

[L] Of course，sons and daughters want to visit the facilities，talk to the administrators and residents and other families，and do everything possible to fulfill their duties。But perhaps they don?t have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees。“Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy，” Dr。Sloane said。And involving the future resident in the process can be very important。

[M] We all have our own ideas about what would bring our parents happiness。They have their ideas，too。A friend recently took her mother to visit an expensive assisted living/nursing home near my town。I have seen this place—it is elegant，inside and out。But nobody greeted the daughter and mother when they arrived，though the visit had been planned；nobody introduced them to the other residents。When they had lunch in the dining room，they sat alone at a table。

[N] The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there，and so she decided to move her into a more welcoming facility。Based on what is emerging from some of this research，that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision。

36。Many people feel guilty when they cannot find a place other than a nursing home for their parents。

37.Though it helps for children to investigate care facilities，involving their parents in the decision-making process may prove very important。

38.It is really difficult to tell if assisted living is better than a nursing home。

39.How a resident feels depends on an interaction between themselves and the care facility they live in。

40.The author thinks her friend made a rational decision in choosing a more hospitable place over an apparently elegant assisted living home。

41.The system Medicare developed to rate nursing home quality is of little help to finding a satisfactory place。

42.At first the researchers of the most recent study found residents in assisted living facilities gave higher scores on social interaction。

43.What kind of care facility old people live in may be less important than we think。

44.The findings of the latest research were similar to an earlier multi-state study of assisted living。

45.A resident?s satisfaction with a care facility has much to do with whether they had participated in the decision to move in and how long they had stayed there。

Section C

Directions：There are 2 passages in this section。Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements。For each of them there are four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre。

Passage one

Questions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage。

As Artificial Intelligence（AI）becomes increasingly sophisticated，there are growing concerns that robots could become a threat。This danger can be avoided，according to computer science professor Stuart Russell，if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code。

Russell argues that as robots take on more complicated tasks，it?s necessary to translate our morals into AI language。

For example，if a robot does chores around the house，you wouldn?t want it to put the pet cat in the oven to make dinner for the hungry children。“You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values，” said Russell。

Some robots are already programmed with basic human values。For example，mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans。Obviously there are cultural differences，but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space，you wouldn?t think that?s the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do。

It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines，if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules。

Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior。They are dangerous only if programmers are careless。

The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficient testing and they?ve produced a system that will break some kind of taboo（禁忌）。

One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation。

If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave，it has the opportunity to stop，send out beeps（嘟嘟声），and ask for directions from a human。If we humans aren?t quite sure about a decision，we go and ask somebody else。

The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral，and how to create a set of ethical rules。But if we come up with an answer，robots could be good for humanity。

46.What does the author say about the threat of robots？

A）It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers。

B）It accompanies all machinery involving high technology。

C）It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language。

D）It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated。

47.What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according

to the author？

A）They are aggressive。

B）They are outgoing。

C）They are ignorant。

D）They are ill-bred。

48.How do robots learn human values？

A）By interacting with humans in everyday life situations。

B）By following the daily routines of civilized human beings。

C）By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior。

D）By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings。

49.What will a well-programmed robot do when facing an unusual situation？

A）keep a distance from possible dangers。

B）Stop to seek advice from a human being。

C）Trigger its built-in alarm system at once。

D）Do sufficient testing before taking action。

50.What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code？

A）Determine what is moral and ethical。

B）Design some large-scale experiments。

C）Set rules for man-machine interaction。

D）Develop a more sophisticated program。

Passage Two

Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage。

Why do some people live to be older than others？You know the standard explanations：keeping a moderate diet，engaging in regular exercise，etc。But what effect does your personality have on your longevity（长寿）？Do some kinds of personalities lead to longer lives？A new study in the Journal of the American

Geriatrics Society looked at this question by examining the personality characteristics of 246 children of people who had lived to be at least 100。

The study shows that those living the longest are more outgoing，more active and less neurotic （神经质的）than other people。Long-living women are also more likely to be sympathetic and cooperative than women with a normal life span。These findings are in agreement with what you would expect from the evolutionary theory：those who like to make friends and help others can gather enough resources to make it through tough times。

Interestingly，however，other characteristics that you might consider advantageous had no impact on whether study participants were likely to live longer。Those who were more self-disciplined，for instance，were no more likely to live to be very old。Also，being open to new ideas had no relationship to long life，which might explain all those bad-tempered old people who are fixed in their ways。

Whether you can successfully change your personality as an adult is the subject of a longstanding psychological debate。But the new paper suggests that if you want long life，you should strive to be as outgoing as possible。

Unfortunately，another recent study shows that your mother?s personality may also help determine your longevity。That study looked at nearly 28，000 Norwegian mothers and found that those moms who were more anxious，depressed and angry were more likely to feed their kids unhealthy diets。Patterns of childhood eating can be hard to br eak when we?re adults，which may mean that kids of depressed moms end up dying younger。

Personality isn?t destiny（命运），and everyone knows that individuals can learn to change。But both studies show that long life isn?t just a matter of your physical health but of your mental health。

51。The aim of the study in the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society

is____。

A）to see whether people?s personality affects their life span

B）to find out if one?s lifestyle has any effect on their health

C）to investigate the role of exercise in living a long life

D）to examine all the factors contributing to longevity

52。What does the author imply about outgoing and sympathetic people？

A）They have a good understanding of evolution。

B）They are better at negotiating an agreement。

C）They generally appear more resourceful。

D）They are more likely to get over hardship。

53。What finding of the study might prove somewhat out of our expectation？

A）Easy-going people can also live a relatively long life。

B）Personality characteristics that prove advantageous actually vary with times。

C）Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity。

D）Readiness to accept new ideas helps one enjoy longevity。

54。What does the recent study of Norwegian mothers show？

A）Children?s personality characteristics are invariably determined by their mothers。

B）People with unhealthy eating habits are likely to die sooner。

C）Mothers? influence on children may last longer than fathers?。

D）Mothers? negative personality characteristics may affect their children?s life spans。

55.What can we learn from the findings of the two new studies？

A）Anxiety and depression more often than not cut short one?s life span。

B）Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health。

C）Personality plays a decisive role in how healthy one is。

D）Health is in large part related to one?s lifestyle。

Part IV Translation （30 minutes）

Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English。You should write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET 2。

功夫（Kong Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯到自卫的需要，狩猎活动以及古代中国的军士训练。它是中国传统体育运动的一种，年轻人和老年人都练。它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素。作为中国的国宝，武术有上百种不同的风格，是世界上练得最多的武术形式。有些风格模仿了动物的动作，还有一些则受到了中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发

四级写作：

第一版

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)

第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.

第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.

Dear Mary,

I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt gratitude to you for your help when I was in difficulty. You have been very kind and helpful since we knew each other.

Last week, I caught a bad cold and had to stay at home for a week. When I was worrying about the lessons, you came to my home after school and helped me with every subject. With your help, I didn’t fall behind others.

Again, thanks so much for your enthusiastic help. Even though you are to about to go abroad for further education I know that I will always stay in touch with you. I wish you every success in the future and I hope we can exchange more viewpoints on study.

Please keep in touch, and drop in and visit us whenever you are in this part of the world.

Very sincerely

Peter

第二版

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your school teachers upon entering college. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)

第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.

第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.

Dear sir,

I am writing to you to express my thanks for your help in learning English. You are one of the best teachers who I have ever met .There are many good points that I learn from you.

During these days in your class, I have acquired much knowledge from you and it really helps me a lot. Firstly, you let me know what the west thinking pattern is —straight thinking pattern. As an English learner, it is important for me to understand the difference between them. There is no denying the fact that this can help me with my examination and interaction with foreigners. What’s more, I’m glad to be your student, and I am very happy to learn the course under your guidance. English is an important tool, through which we

can share our experience with the world. I treasure the chance of learning English, and I enjoy the happiness from your course.

The last not the least, please forgive those mistakes I have made which may upset you. What I have learned from you will help me pass the coming examinations and also be useful for my further education in abroad. It is not only a progress of learning, but also a cultivation of my ability.

May everything go well around you.

Your student,

Li ling

第三版

For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to your parents or any family members upon making memorable achievement. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.

第一段: 写出写信目的. (表达感谢)

第二段: 阐述感谢的原因.

第三段:再次表达感谢,并可表述希望有机会可以给对方回报.

Dear parents,

This letter is to tell you my true feelings from the bottom of my heart. Although we can keep in virtual touch every day, I still feel it not enough to let

you know how much I love you and how much I’ve appreciated what you’ve done for me.

In the past 20 years, you have done a lot for me. Firstly, thank you so much for bringing me up. I know how hard you've being working in the past. I can imagine how many difficulties and obstacles you've conquered. Second, I want to thank you for your good education on me. There is an old saying goes like this “parents are the first teachers to their children”. Both of you are the typical ones. The most important thing that I want to say “thank you” is for your great admiration on my own freedom. You told me to look over the horizons and to pursuit my own dreams without hesitation.

I really feel that my pen fails me when I am writing this thank you letter. The only thing I hope you can do for me is to take good care of yourselves and you will be always proud of me.

Yours beloved

Son

四级翻译（功夫）：

功夫（Kung Fu）是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。中国武术的起源可以追溯自卫的需要,狩猎活动以及古代中国的军事训练，它是中国传统体育运动的一种。年轻人，老年人都练，它已逐渐演变成了中国文化的独特元素，作为中国的国宝，功夫有上百种的风格，是世界上练得最多的艺术形式，有些风格模仿了动物的动作。还有一些则受到中国哲学思想，神话和传说的启发。

Kung Fu is the folk name of Chinese martial arts, which dates back to the need of self-defense, hunting, and military drill in ancient China. It is one of China’s traditional sports, and all people, old and young, would participate in. It has gradually evolved into a unique element of the Chinese culture. As a

national treasure of China, it has hundreds of styles. Meanwhile, it is also the most practiced art form in the world. Some styles imitate the movements of animals, while others are inspired by Chinese philosophy, myth and legend.

四级翻译（木匠）：

在山东省潍坊市，风筝不仅仅是玩具，而且还是这座城市文化的标志。潍坊以“风筝之都”而闻名，已有将近2400年放飞风筝的历史。传说中国古代哲学家墨子用了三年时间在潍坊制作了世界上首个风筝，但放飞的第一天风筝就坠落并摔坏了，也有人相信风筝是中国古代木匠鲁班发明的。据说他的风筝用木头和竹子制作，飞了三天后才落地。

In Weifang, Shandong, kites are not only for entertainment. It also symbolizes the culture of the city. Weifang is known as the “capital of kites” with a history of nearly 2,400 years in flying kites. It is said that the ancient Chinese philosopher Motze took three years to make the first kite right in Weifang. It fell and

broke, however, on its first day of flying. Some also belives that it was the carpenter LuBan that fist invented the kite. It’s said that his kite was made of wood and bamboo and it landed after three days’ flying.

四级翻译（乌镇）

乌镇是浙江的一座古老水镇，坐落在京杭大运河畔。这是一处迷人的地方，有许多古桥、中式旅店和餐馆。在过去一千年里，乌镇的水系和生活方式并未经历多少变化，是一座展现古文明的博物馆。乌镇所有房屋都用石木建造。数百年来，当地人沿着河边建起了住宅和集市。无数宽敞美丽的庭院藏身于屋舍之间，游客们每到一处都会有惊喜的发现。

Wuzhen, an ancient water town of Zhejiang province, is located near the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal. It is a charming place. Many ancient bridges,

Chinese style hotels and restaurants dwell there. In the past one thousand years, the water system and the way of life there haven't changed much, so it is a museum of ancient civilizations. All rooms in Wuzhen are made of stone and wood. Over hundreds of years, the locals have built houses and markets along the riverbank. Numerous spacious and pretty courtyards hide in those houses, serving as surprises and waiting to be found by the tourists.

四级阅读

选词填空

26. 正确选项O tend

27. 正确选项M review

28. 正确选项L performance

29. 正确选项K particularly

30. 正确选项N survive

31. 正确选项E dropping

32. 正确选项J mutually

33. 正确选项H flow

34. 正确选项F essential

35. 正确选项I mood

段落匹配

36. 正确选项E

37. 正确选项L

38. 正确选项B

39. 正确选项H

40. 正确选项N

41. 正确选项J

42. 正确选项F

43. 正确选项C

44. 正确选项I

45. 正确选项G

仔细阅读

Passage one

46. 正确选项C。It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.

47. 正确选项D。They are ill-bred.

48. 正确选项C。By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.

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