英汉翻译一般需经过三个阶段理解阶段
英译汉
英汉翻译一般需经过三个阶段：理解阶段、表达阶段和校对阶段。理解是表达的前提，没有正确的理解就谈不上确切的表达；而在表达的时候，可以进一步加深了对文字的理解；校对则是为了保证译文能准确无误地表达出对原文的理解。三个阶段互为补充，任何一个阶段都不可忽视。
在做翻译题时，考生应该首先读懂句子，把握主要意思之后，再进行翻译。可通过语法关系和词与词之间的语义关系等对英文原句进行透彻理解。第一步是理解词汇的含义、句子结构及惯用法等。在正确分析原文的语言现象和逻辑关系的基础上，确定原文所涉及的内容。翻译的素材通常属一般性题材的内容，在考生的阅历或知识范围之内。理解的第三个层次是译者运用推理机制，对语言现象本身和语言外所隐含的信息加以综合归纳，找出它们之间的内在联系，选择其中最具相关性的解释，也就是摆脱语言表层结构的束缚，透过表面，深入其深层意义。
在理解之后，需要用汉语表达。在表达的过程中，考生应努力用最清晰明了的语言表达原作者所说的内容。在表达时有一些具体的方法和技巧问题需要解决，我们将在以下几节中做一概括性的论述。表达方式在总体上来看可以分为两大类：直译和意译。一般来说，在语言条件许可的情况下，应尽可能用直译，使译文既能保持原文的内容，又能保持原文的形式及风格。
翻译的最后一步是核对。核对是为了保证译文完全符合原文所陈述的内容。在检查译文时，译者必须借助原文才能确认自己最初解释的准确性。另外，核对也包括润饰文字。
翻译的基本技巧
我们接下来将谈到翻译中的一些基本方法，主要是：省略法、增词法、转译法、重复法和分译法。
省略法：
由于英汉两种语言在语法结构、表达方式、修辞手段等方面的不同，在翻译过程中为了使译文更加精炼，更符合汉语的表达习惯，有时需要省略部分词语。所省略部分应是一些在译文中不言而喻的或翻译后反嫌累赘的词。但在省略时，千万不要将原文中的某些主要内容或难于翻译的内容删去。
一般说来，省略，有的是出于句法上的需要，有的是出于修辞上的需要。现分类举例说明。（一）句法性省略
1. 省略代词
（1）省略人称代词
指代关系明确，一般每个句子都有主语和谓语，或有时要有宾语，这是英语句法所要求的，而汉语的表达习惯则往往在指代关系明确的情况下，几个谓语借用上下文提到的一个共同的主语，不必一个一个地重复。因此，作主语的人称代词汉译时往往省略。同样道理，作宾语的人称代词也是如此。例如：
As he lay awake, he realized that he was in trouble.
他醒来，躺在地上，明白自己的处境不妙。（后面两个he 不译）
Through an advertisement, you can learn what product is available.
通过广告可以获悉市面上能买到什么产品。（因为此处为泛指，人称代词you略去不译）（2）省略物主代词
与汉语相比，英语多用物主代词。汉译时往往按照汉语的表达习惯，省略物主代词。如：In my childhood I learned a great deal about Russia.
在童年时，我就听到许多关于俄国的事情。（my 不译）
（3）省略非人称代词
用来表示时间、天气、自然环境或距离的非人称代词it, 用来代替不定式短语或从句作形式主语的先行代词it，以及强调句型中的it, 汉译时往往省略。例如：
It’ll be lovely in the garden tonight.
今晚的花园会是十分宜人的。（it 不译）
2. 省略连词
（1）并列连词and 和or有时可以不译出。例如：
Life for them is still very harsh and cruel.
他们的生活仍然是极其艰辛的。（and 不译）
(2) 省略从属连词。
汉语中的连词不如英语用得多，其上下逻辑关系常常是暗含的，由语序加以体现。因此，汉译时，英语中表示原因、条件或时间的从属连词有时可以省略。例如：
Because everyone uses language to talk, everyone thinks he can talk about language.
人人都用语言交谈，人人也就自认为能够谈论语言。
3. 省略冠词
冠词是英语有而汉语没有的词类。汉译时往往要斟酌，是否把冠词的意思译出来。一般说来，除了带有明显指示意义的定冠词和含有明显的“一个”或“每一个”意思的不定冠词不能不译外，其他情况一般可以省略不译。
On a cold, frosty day an Ant was dragging out some of the corn which he had laid up in the summer time, to dry it.
在一个寒冷刺骨的日子里，一只蚂蚁在向外拖它在夏天储备的粮食，想晒一晒。（后面两个定冠词the都不译）
4. 省略介词
介词的译法比较复杂，有的要译成汉语的动词词组、介词词组、定语或状语词组，有的要译成否定式或汉语成语等，还有的可以省略。一般说来，如果译文中将表示时间或地点的介词短语所充当的状语置于句首，此时介词往往可以省略。
From 1943 to 1945, he was secretary to the commander.
1943年至1945年期间，他任司令的秘书。（句首的from 不译）
(二) 修辞性省略
修辞性省略是从译文的修辞角度考虑，省略英文中某些不言而喻的词，或在译文中虽无其字但已有其意的词，以及省略英文中为了语气而多加的副词。例如：
Perhaps you have overlooked the fact that you have not delivered our goods in July.
也许您忘记了您七月份还没有给我们送货。（名词fact不译）
The Pacific alone covers an area larger than that of all the continents put together.
仅太平洋的面积就比所有的大陆面积的总和还要大。（动词covers不译）
He behaved politely while answering the interviewer’s questions.
他在回答采访者问题时，很有礼貌。（动词behaved不译）
增词法：
增词，亦称补充，是指英译汉时按意义、修辞和句法上的需要在译文中增加某些原文中虽无其字但有其意的词，以便更忠实通顺地表达原文的思想内容。增词决不是无中生有，随意增加原文的意思。例如：
This year the export quantity of black tea increased by 20 percent, and jasmine tea by 30 percent.
今年红茶的出口量增加了20%，花茶的出口量增加了30%。（增加原句中的省略词）
All preparation must be done well before you sign a contact.
在签合同之前，一切准备工作都必须做好。（增加名词）
Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computers.
速度快、可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。（增加形容词）
We have handled textiles for more than 30 years.
我公司经营各种纺织品已有三十多年。（增补表示复数概念的词）
The virus may survive weeks and months.
这种病毒可存活数星期至数月。（增补表示复数概念的词）
转译法：
在英译汉中，有些句子由于英汉两种语言的表达方式不同，就不能采用逐字逐句对译的方法。转换包括词类转换和语态转换等诸多方面。
（一）词类转换
词类转换旨在避免逐词死译或硬译，使译文通顺自然。由于汉语中的动词使用频率大大高于英语，因此英汉翻译中，常把名词、介词等转换成动词。请见下面的例句。
During the half-hour talk, the two sides exchanged views on the choice of terms of payment, but they made no mention of the mode of transportation.
在半个小时的商谈中，双方就付款方式交换了意见，但没提到运输方式。（名→动）
We are fully aware of the gravity of the situation.
我们充分意识到形势的严重性。（形→动）
Are you for or against the plan?
你是赞成还是反对这个计划？（介→动）
还有一些需要词类转换的情况，如名词和副词转译成形容词，副词转译成形容词和名词等。例如：
People in enterprises must be mathematically informed, if they are to make wise decision.
企业管理人员想做出明智的决策就必须懂得数学。（副→名）
He is a stranger to the company’s operations.
他对该公司的经营是陌生的。（名→形）
The computers are chiefly characterized by accuracy and quick computation.
计算机的主要特点是准确性高，运算速度快。（副→形）
（二）语态转换
英语和汉语中都有主动句和被动句，但据统计，英语中被动句出现的次数远远多于汉语，因此，在英汉翻译过程中，常常（但不是总是）将被动句转译成主动句，使译文符合汉语的语言习惯。例如：
It was soon recognized that this approach offered the best solution to the problem.
人们不久就认识到，这种办法提供了最好的解决问题的方法。
The tall building has been practically leveled to the ground by the big fire.
大火几乎把这座高大建筑物夷为平地。
Being invited to dance, she would not very well refuse.
有人请她跳舞，她不好意思拒绝。
有时，英译汉中仍保留原来的被动形式。例如：
He had been fired for refusing to obey the order from the dean.
他因拒绝服从院长的命令而被解雇了。
重复法
重复是英、汉两种语言中不可缺少的表达手法。有时为了加强语气，有时为使句子平衡对称或为求得其他修辞效果，往往要在一个句子或相连的句群中重复使用同一个词语或同一个结构。请见下面的例句：
Chinese people are working hard to build China into a great and powerful country with modern agriculture, modern industry, modern national defense, modern science and technology.
中国人民正努力工作，以把中国建设成一个具有现代农业、现代工业、现代国防和现代科学技术的强大国家。
During his stay in Shanghai, he visited some old friends of his, and visited two universities.
他在上海逗留期间，拜访了几个老朋友，参观了两所大学。
重复翻译法可有以下几个方式：
1. 名词重复
It is our duty to rebuild and defend our home and our land.
重建家园和保卫家园是我们的职责。
We should learn how to analyze and solve problems.
我们应该学会如何分析问题和解决问题。
They would be very reluctant to postpone or cancel the meeting.
他们非常不愿意推迟这个会议或取消这个会议。
2. 动词重复
This requires care and, for difficult problems, great experience.
这就需要细心，而且对一些困难问题来说，还需要丰富的经验。
They were starting from scratch and needed men, equipment, training.
他们白手起家，需要人员，需要设备，需要训练。
Let I be the current, V the voltage and R the resistance.
用I表示电流，V表示电压，R表示电阻。
3. 代词重复
Ignoring a problem does not solve it.
对一个问题置之不理，并不能解决问题。
Big powers have their strategies while small countries also have their own lines.
大国有大国的策略，而小国也有小国的办法。
Each country has its own customs.
各国有各国的风俗。
分译法
由于英汉两种语言的语法结构和表达习惯等方面存在较大的差异，因此在翻译时既要忠实于原文意思，又要保留原文结构，这样往往会有一定的困难。在二者不可兼得时，有时需要改变原文结构，保留原文意思。为达到这一目的，常用的方法之一是分译法，即把原文的某个成分从原来的结构中分离开来，译成另一种成分。例如：
We tried in vain to persuade him to give up his wrong belief.
我们尽力劝说他放弃错误的信念，但没有成功。
处理分译的原则一般是，把原文中较长的句子成分，或者不易安排的句子成分分出来另作处理，一般译成短句或独立结构。分译得当可以使译文在意思上忠实原文，结构上层次分明，语言上简练明确。从分译成分的结构而言，分译大致可以分为单词的分译、短语的分译和从
句的分译三种情况。
1. 单词的分译
即把原文中的一个单词译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。例如下面各句中的划线词就被译为独立成分、从句或并列分句。
He unnecessarily spent a lot of time introducing this book, which the students are quite familiar with.
他花了很多时间介绍这本书，其实没有必要，因为学生对它已经很熟悉。
The proposal was surprisingly criticized by all walks of people.
这条建议受到了各阶层人民的批评，真令人吃惊。
2. 短语的分译
即把原文中的一个短语译成一个独立成分、从句或并列分句。例如下面各句中的划线词就被译为独立成分、从句或并列分句。
The professor entered the laboratory followed by his graduates students.
教授走进实验室，后面跟着他的研究生。
3. 英语从句的分译
英汉两种语言都有长句，但其构成长句的方式却大不相同。英语的长句主要由主从复合句构成，结构严谨、明确，只要理解了其主从关系，就能正确地分译。而汉语的长句往往结构松散，层次不明确。因此英汉互译中，处理长句的方法也不一样。故在这里专讲英语从句的分译，然后再讲汉语从句的分译。
英语从句的分译主要是把原文中的主从复合句分译为并列复合句或者两个或两个以上的独立句子。也可以保留主从复合句的结构，但把一种从句翻译成另一种从句，如把定语从句译成状语从句。
英语从句分译中最多的是定语从句。英语的定语从句翻译成汉语时，在可能的情况下，一般译为“……的”，比如“She is the girl who speaks English best in our class.”（这是我们班英语讲得最好的那个女孩）。然而在很多情况下，生硬地译为“……的”会使句子不通顺，这样就可以把定语从句拆出来，译为并列分句、状语从句，甚至一个单独的句子。例如：
He told me of his experience such as I had never heard before.
他给我讲了他的经历，那些经历我以前从未听说过。
此句若译为“他给我讲了我以前从未听说过的他的经历”，则显得很别扭，若去掉译文中的“他的”二字，即“他给我讲了我以前从未听说过的经历”，则意思含糊，译文没有说明是谁的经历。
The university has enrolled 40 students from the poverty-stricken areas whom they hope will make contributions for their hometown.
大学从贫困地区招收了四十多名学生，希望他们将来为家乡作贡献。（译为并列分句）
当然，除了定语从句以外，其他种类的英语从句也可以根据需要进行分译。处理的方法可以灵活多样，主要是使译文符合汉语的习惯。主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、状语从句、同位语从句等都可以分译。例如：
That you have had words with the manager is no reason to damage the property of the company. （主语从句）
你和经理吵了架，但这并不能成为损坏公司财产的理由。
I’m sorry that you’re ill again. （宾语从句）
你又病了，我很难过。
Our final decision is that Mr. Wang go to the headquarters to give a detailed report. （表语从句）我们最后做出决定，派王先生到总部去作详细的汇报。
You can borrow my car as long as you promise to drive carefully. （状语从句）
你可以借用我的车，不过你得答应我开车时小心点儿。
We will adopt his suggestion that the leading body be reorganized as soon as possible. （同位语从句）
我们将采纳他的建议，尽快改组领导班子。
英语翻译基础期末复习完整
《英语翻译基础》期末复习 13年12月 题型： 一、选择题（每小题2分，共20分） Section A; 选择译文中最符合原文意思的选项（考查翻译实践能力） Section B: 关于翻译理论知识的题目 二、改译句子。（每小题2分，共10分） 三、翻译句子。（每小题3分，共15分） 四、篇章翻译（每小题40分，共40分） 五、案例分析题（每小题15分，共15分） 注意：本门课程为：“闭卷（只允许考生带一本正规英汉词典参加考试，不得携带除此之外的任何查字工具。） I、Multiple Choice Questions (20 points, 2 points each) A : Directions : This part consists of five sentences, each followed by four different versions marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that is the closest equivalent of the original in terms of meaning and expressiveness. 1. I prefer driving to being driven. B A. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢别人开车。 B. 我喜欢开车，不喜欢坐车。 C. 我开车比被开车更喜欢。 D. 我喜欢开车，也喜欢被开车。 2. She had deprived herself of the advice of all but yesmen. C A．她丧失了除了唯唯诺诺的人之外的所有人的劝告。 B．她剥夺了自己的所有人的劝告，唯唯诺诺的人除外。 C．她喜欢唯唯诺诺的人，根本听不进所有其他人的劝告。 D．她剥夺了所有人的劝告，除了唯唯诺诺的人。 3．我第一次听她在晚上唱歌，她的歌声就深深地打动了我。B A．Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her song moved me deeply. B. When I first heard her sing at a party, I was deeply moved. C. I first heard her singing a party, I was deeply moved. D. Because it was the first time I heard her sing at a party, her voice moved me deeply. 4.When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. B
汉英翻译教程
汉英翻译教程
第一章 汉英语言对比 相关参考： 翻译教学和研究的经验表明：翻译理论和技巧必须建立在不同语言和文化的对比分析基础上。英汉互译的几项基本原则和技巧，如选词（Diction）、转换（Conversion）、增补（Amplification）、省略（Omission）、重复（Repetition）、替代（Substitution）、变换（Variation）、倒臵（Inversion）、拆离（Division）、缀合（Combination）、阐释（Annotation）、浓缩（Condensation）、重组（Reconstruction），以及时态、语态、语气、习语、术语等的译法，都集中地体现了英汉的不同特点。机器翻译是让计算机按照人们所制定的程序和指令进行不同语言的对比转换，也离不开对比分析。翻译之所以困难，归根结底是因为语言差异和文化差异。因此，对比、分析和归纳这些差异，便是翻译学的重要任务。 不同语言的对比分析不仅有利于教学和翻译，也有助于语言交际。通过对比分析，人们可以进一步认识外语和母语的特性，在进行交际时，能够有意识地注意不同语言各自的表现方法，以顺应这些差异，防止表达错误，避免运用失当，从而达到交际的目的。 ——连淑能，《英汉对比研究》 纪德是最理解莎士比亚的法国作家之一。在他看来，“没有任何作家比莎士比亚更值得翻译”，但同时，“也没有任何作家比他更难翻译，译文更容易走样”。纪德对莎士比亚的理解是双重的，既是精神的，也是语言的。他在与莎士比亚的相遇与相识中，经历了一系列的考验。对他在翻译中经历的这番历史奇遇，他曾在为七星文库出版的《莎士比亚戏剧集》撰写的前言中作了详尽的描述：描述了两种文化与两种语言之间的遭遇，也揭示了翻译中译者所面临的种种障碍。 纪德首先看到的，是语言与文化层面的逻辑性，这涉及到不同语言的思维方法。他说：“莎士比亚很少考虑逻辑性，而我们拉丁文化缺了逻辑性就踉踉跄跄。莎士比亚笔下的形象相互重现，相互推倒。面对如此丰富的形象，我们可怜的译者目瞪口呆。他不愿意对这种绚丽多彩有丝毫遗漏，因此不得不将英文原本中用仅仅一个词表示的暗喻译成一个句子。原来像蛇一样紧紧盘成一团的诗意，如今成了松开的弹簧。翻译成了解释。逻辑倒是很满意，但魅力不再起作用。莎士比亚的诗句飞跃而过的空间，迟缓的熊虫一瘸一拐才能走完。”在紧密的逻辑与丰富的形象之间，英语与法语的天平有所侧重，在两者的遭遇中，译者的无奈与局限源于文化与语言的巨大差异。 头脑清醒的纪德没有丝毫责备英语或莎士比亚的语言的意思，相反，在翻译莎士比亚的戏剧中，他充分意识到了母语的缺陷。他说：“只有在接触外语时，我们才意识到本国语言的缺陷，因此，只会法语的法国人是看不到缺陷的。”他的这一观点与德国作家歌德的观点几乎是一致的。异之于我，可作一明镜，从异中更清楚地照清自身。在这个意义上，与异语文化的接触，有助于认识母语与母语文化的不足。看清了自身的不足，便有可能从异语异文化中去摄取营养，弥补自身，丰富自身。 在艰难的翻译中，纪德亲历了种种障碍，他结合翻译中的具体例证，作了某
英语翻译期末试卷
黄山学院初等教育学院2008－2009学年度第二学期06级英语班《英语翻译》期末考试卷 班级序号姓名成绩 一、选择题。（请将答案写在序号前面）20% 1. Success in many fields depends on getting the latest information. A. 许多领域的成功都取决于能否得到最新消息。 B. 田里的收成在很多方面依靠获得最新的消息。 C. 从很多方面讲，成功主要依靠在最后的时刻还能得到信息。 D. 在众多领域里，成功是获得最晚信息的保障。 2. At least three persons died in the fire and 23 others were injured. A. 至少3人因这次火灾和另外23次火灾造成死亡。 B. 起码有3个人在大火中丧命，23个以外的人受伤。 C. 火灾造成至少3人死亡，23人受伤。 D. 至少有3人死于火海，23人被火海包围。 3. Not only has he a first-class brain, but he is also a tremendously hard worker. A. 在一班，他不仅是头领，而且，也是一个非常严肃的工作者。 B. 他有一流的头脑，是个非常难对付的家伙。 C. 他不仅头脑好用，而且，还喜欢做极端困难的工作。 D. 他不仅头脑非常聪明，而且，工作上也非常勤奋。 4. It is reported that some areas of Australia have had no rain for more than four years. A. 有报道说，澳大利亚地区已经4年多没下雨了。 B. 据报道，澳大利亚的部分地区有4年多没下雨了。 C. 澳大利亚的个别地方被报道说没下雨的时间已经超过了4年。 D. 报纸报道，某些澳大利亚地区已经有4年多没下雨的时间。 5. The village was named after the high mountain standing in front of it. A. 这个村庄是以矗立在它面前的那座高山命名的。 B. 这个村庄的名字是来自于它面前的那座高山。 C. 这个村庄的名字是在前面的那座高山之后起的。 D. 这个村庄的名字是以站立在它面前的那座高山起的。 6. It was officially announced that the birth rate dropped greatly in the past three years. A. 据官方宣布，出生率在过去的三年中有了大幅下降。 B. 正式宣布，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 C. 正式宣布，出生率大幅下降在过去三年。 D. 据正式声明，过去三年的出生率大幅下降。 7. The introduction of the new technique reduced the cost of the product three times. A. 对新技术的介绍，使产品的成本减少到三分之一。 B. 新技术的引进使产品的成本减少了三倍。 C. 对新技术的介绍使产品的成本减少到原来的三分之二。 D. 新技术的引进使产品成本减少了三分之二。 8. If you are buying a car, you may pay for it out of savings. A. 假使你正在买一辆汽车，你也许会透支购买。 B. 如果你要买一辆汽车，你可以用自己的储蓄存款支付。 C. 假定你打算买一辆汽车，你得花掉你得全部存款。 D. 加入你买一辆汽车，你需要用你的积蓄交此款。 9. Full-service banks can offer services unavailable at smaller financial institutions. A. 全面服务的银行能提供在小财政机构所不能获得的服务。 B. 提供全方位服务的银行能提供较小的金融机构所不能提供的服务。 C. 充满了服务的银行可能提供给较小的财政机构某些无法获得的服务 D. 全面服务的银行可能提供服务，这种服务是较小的金融机构所不能提供的。 10. The following qualifications are required from the candidates for the above position. A. 我们要求应聘高职位的求职者需具备以下资历。 B. 应聘以上职位，需具备下列资格。 C. 候选人为了高职位要求自己具备以下资历。 D. 以下资历是对应聘此职位的候选人的要求。 二、用正反表达法翻译下列句子。20% 1. The teacher found some of the pupils absent. 2. I wonder if he is coming. 3. Your request is beyond my power. 4. You will fail unless you work harder. 5. That lazy boy went to class before he had prepared his lesson. 6. Be sure to lock the door when you leave. 7. Students, with no exception, are to hand in their papers this afternoon. 8. The doubt still unsolved after his repeated explanation. 9. Such flight couldn’t long escape notice. 10. All the articles are untouchable in the museum. 三、用重复法翻译下列句子。20% 1. We should learn how to analyze and solve problems. 2. It's our duty to rebuild and defend our home-land. 3. People forget your face first, then your name. 4. Each had his own business to handle. 5. Big families had their own difficulties.
英语期末考试句子翻译
任何年满18岁的人都有资格投票（vote）.(be eligible to ) Anyone over the age of 18 is eligible to vote. 每学期开学前，这些奖学金的申请表格就会由学校发给每一个学生。(apply for,scholarship) A form to apply for scholarships is sent by the university to each student before the start of each semester . 遵照医生建议，我决定戒烟。（on the advice of） On the advice of my doctor, I decided to give up smoking . 公司位于县城的正中央.(Be located in) The park is located right in the center of town . 这所大学提供了我们所需的所有材料和设备。(Facilities) The university provides all the materials and facilities we desire. 警察们正忙着填写关于这场事故的各种表格。（fill out） The policemen are busy filling out forms about the accident. 我想在还车之前把邮箱（fuel tank）加满（fill up） I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car. 如果你要投诉，最好遵循正确的程序。（follow the procedure） If you want to make a complaint,you would better follow the correct procedure. 要不是约翰帮忙，我们绝不会这么快就完成实验。（without） We could not have finished the experiment so soon without John’s help. 暴风雨之后，岸边的人们焦急地搜索湖面以期待发现小船的踪迹。 After the storm of boat the people on the store anxiously scanned the lake for any sign. 我们需要通过减少道路上的车辆以降低燃料消耗。（consumption） We need to cut down on our fuel consumption by having fewer cars on the road. 电费上涨增加了我们的负担。（add to） The rise in power costs has added to our burden. 你应该自己判断行事，别总是跟在你哥哥后面。（follow the lead） You should fudge by yourself,and not always follow your brother’s. 那种发型今年很流行，但是我想明年就会过时。（in fashion） That hair style is in fashion this year,but I an afraid it will be out of fashion next year. 在追求真理的过程中，我们注定（fate to）要遭受失败的痛苦。（in one’s quest for） In our quest for truth, we are fated to suffer from many failures. 我们得把感情放在一边，从专业的（professinal）角度来对待这件事。（from a```stand point）We have to put aside our emotions and take it from a professional stand point. 这部戏非常精彩，我很快就沉浸于激动人心的剧情之中。（lose oneself in of ） The plan was so wonderful that I soon lost myself in the excitement in of it. 她没有什么爱好——除非你把看电视也算是一种爱好。 She hasn’t got any hobbies---unless you call watching TV a hobby. 他说他是直接从市长本人那里得到这个信息的。（first-hand） He said he had got the information first-hand from the major himself. 既然你不能回答这个问题，我们最好问问别人。（since） Since you can not answer the question, perhaps we would better ask someone else. 那件工作很难做，不过我想试试看。（have a shot） It is a difficult iob but I’d like to have a shot. 这是一本关于商务实践而非理论的书。（as opposed to）
英汉翻译期末考试题 样卷
样卷 广东外语外贸大学国际商务英语学院 《英汉笔译》2011-2012学年上学期期末考试试卷（A） 考核方式：开卷 考核对象：国际商务英语学院法律英语系2009级考试时间：120分钟姓名______________ 班级________ 学号____________________ 分数___________ PART I. LEGAL TERMS (20%, one point for each) 1.outstanding liabilities 2.without prejudice to PART II. Translation Improvement (30%) Directions: There may be one or more errors or inappropriate treatment in each of the following TRANSLATED VERSIONS. Please underline it (or them) and then correct it (or them) in the corresponding space provided on the ANSWER SHEET. If you believe the whole translation is wrong or inappropriate, you are advised to underline the whole translation. Marks will be given if you have identified and properly marked the error(s). (2 points for each save as specified otherwise) 21.His retort was delivered with a strong note of vinegar. 原译：他的反驳是带着强烈的醋意发出的。 改译： 22.The new father wore a proud smile. 原译：那位新父亲面带得意笑容。 改译： PART III. SENTENCES (30%) Directions: Translate the following sentences. Employ the translation skill suggested in the brackets where appropriate. (3 points for each save as specified otherwise) https://www.wendangku.net/doc/aa6507186.html,mission depends on the quantity of goods ordered. (Amplification) 32.We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. (Conversion) PART IV. PASSAGE (20%) Translate the underlined part of the following passage. 1
翻译基础期末试卷A
课程代码：0730090 第 1 页 共 4 页 出卷老师：万小磊 广东******学院 201*-201*学年第二学期期末考核试卷 适用年级、专业或班级：商英****班 考试科目：英汉翻译基础（汉译英） （闭卷）（C 卷） 总分：100分 考试时间：90分钟 一．Fill in the blanks （1 point for each blank ，6 points in total ） 1. 要胜任汉英翻译工作译者必须具备至少三种素养: 深厚的____________,广博的____________和高度的___________。 2. 以下各位分别提出了什么翻译标准? 刘重德___________, 傅雷________, 钱钟书___________。 二. Choose one proper word to fill in the blanks. Use its plural when necessary. （2 points for each blank, 14 points in total ） 1. 心有余而力不足 One’s ability falls short of one’s _________________. 2. 您的建议我会永远铭记在心。I will always bear your advice in_____________. 3. 如果你忘了她的生日她会很伤心的。You’ll hurt her____________if you forget her birthday. 4. 居心叵测 to nurser evil__________________. 5. 得人心者得天下 Those who gain___________________among the people will gain the 系别 班级 学号 姓名 - --------------- ---------- ------- ------- -------- -- - --- - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- ----- - --- - -- -- -装 订 线 - ------- ---- - -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- -- -- - - -- -- -- - - -- ----- ---- - -- -- -- - - -- -- -- -- ----------------
旅游英语期末考翻译题(题目+答案版)
II.20个单词词组翻译，平时讲课强调的词汇和表达。20分 (仅仅是部分，待补充) 等级制度a hierarchy of universal wants and needs 灵感需求aesthetic stimulation 多人关注的运动spectator sports 北京元谋人Peking Man 华北平原the Great North China Plain 战国时期the Warring States Period 天安门城楼Tian’anmen rostrum 紫禁城the grand royal compound of the Forbidden City/the old imperial palace 传统与现代的结合old meets new 人民大会堂the Great Hall of the People 武夷山风景区the Wuyishan Scenic Area 丹霞地貌Danxia landform 文人墨客men of letters 摩崖蚀刻cliff inscriptions 竹筏a bamboo raft 悬棺hanging coffins 云雾缭绕(be) shrouded with clouds and mists 天王殿the Heavenly King Hall 大雄宝殿the Grand Hall 卧佛殿the Hall of the Reclining Buddha 玉佛楼the Jade Buddha Chamber 方丈室the Abbot’s Room 佛光a back halo 观音Goddess of Mercy 弟子disciple 中国共产党the Communist Party of China 国务院the State Council 五星红旗the five-star red flag 义勇军进行曲the March of the V olunteers 社会主义市场经济the socialist market economy 好莱坞大片Hollywood blockbusters 悲惨世界Les Miserable 歌剧魅影Phantom of the Opera 最新技术state-of-the-art 弥漫节日的气氛be permeated with a jubilant atmosphere 身着节日的盛装in their holiday best 灯火辉煌a blaze of light 秋收冬藏autumn harvest and winter storage 春耕夏锄spring plowing and summer weeding 燕窝汤birds nest soup 鱼翅shark’s fin soup
英语期末考试翻译句子
Unit1 A new study shows that dogs can detect if someone has cancer just by sniffing the person’s breath. Ordinary household dogs with only a few weeks of basic training learn to accurately distinguish between breath samples of lung- and breast-cancer patients and healthy subjects.One expert, who led the research, said, “Our study provides compelling evidence that cancers hidden beneath the skin can be detected simply by (dogs’) examining the odors of a person’s breath.” Early detection of cancers greatly improves a patient’s survival chances, and researchers hope that man’s best friend, the dog, can become an important tool in early screening. Unit 2 A research team recently replicated a bacterium’s genetic structure entirely from l aboratory chemicals, moving one step closer to creating the world’s first artificial organism. The researchers said, “It’s the second step of a three-step process to create a synthetic organism. But the final step could prove far more difficult.” Nonetheless, the research is pushing forward at a rapid pace. Last June, the team revealed details of an experiment in which researchers inserted the DNA of one species of bacterium into the cells of another. That process almost magically booted up the inserted genome. The research team hopes to use a similar trick to boot up the artificially created genome, so as to create a man-made living organism. Unit 3 In recent years, the psychologists from many countries banded together to do a research which indicated that continued income growth could make people apply themselves to an ongoing consumption race rather than promote overall happiness. Everyone has to spend more and more money in order to maintain a constant level of happiness. This is because our vanity and jealousy are functioning . The way to sort out them out is to cultivate the noble sentiment of being considerate and serving the society. People shouldn’t pin all their hopes on money. Instead , friends, family and work are also playing a very improtant role . Therefore, hapiness is not an inborn trait, but a talent which everyone can learn. Unit 4 I used to feel excited at teaching my students the elegant economic theories that could supposedly cure societal problems of all types. But what is the good of all my complex theories when people were dying of starvation on the sidewalks and porches across from my lecture hall? My lessons were like the American movies where the good guys always win. But when I emerged from the comfort of the classroom, I was faced with the reality of the city streets. Here good guys were mercilessly beaten and trampled. Daily life ws getting worse, and the poor were growing even poorer. Unit 5 No one thought that shy little Einstein would grow up to a prominent scientist. He was slow in learning to speak, and he often paused to consider what he would say during a conversation.In school, Albert Einstein was singled out by his teachers as a troublesome child because he liked to ask difficult strange questions. He did not like to memorize facts and rules, but was interested in what lay below the surface of things. When he was four or five years old, for instance, his father gave him a compass. Little Einstein was curious about the mysterious force that could keep a compass needle always pointing north, which prompted him to read widely in science. His real studies were mostly done at home by reading books on mathematics, physics, and philosophy. Unit 6 Most Americans have great vigor and enthusiasm. They prefer to discipline themselves rather than be disciplined by others. They pride themselves on their independence, their right to make their own minds. They tend to take the initiatives, even when there is a risk in doing so. They have courage and do not give in easily. They are considered sentimental. When they see a flag on ceremonial occasions, or attend parades celebrating Ame rica’s glorious past, tears may come to their eyes. They tend to be emotional at the reunions with family and friends, too. Sometimes, they can laugh at themselves and their country, while they will always remain intensely patriotic.
(完整版)大学英语翻译全教程(完美版)练习与作业
翻译理论与实践课作业 天津科技大学外语学院 作业一：字词的翻译 一、词的理解 1.一词多义： wet She had a wet nurse for the infant Elliot. If you think I am for him, you are all wet. She wet her pants at the news. State state and revolution, state of the union the united states. 3.词义引申：抽象化、具体化 Every life has its roses and thorns. She stood there chewing over the strange thing. The engine sounds good. At 23, he had first learned what it is to be a Negro. 4.词的褒贬：comment Alice was excited as a child, delighted to be once more the center of the comment. But what a comment, she could not help reflecting, on her own charms. He walked around the room. He then stopped and looked around, “comment” ? 5.词的轻重：看词类、看场合、看句型、看习惯等等。Through；free He slept the night through. There is a through train to Beijing. Through this way, they finished the task. She is free with her money. I made her free of my library. 二、词义的表达 1.直译法 dark horse Hot dog Forbidden fruit 暴发户半边天红卫兵 2意译法 blue jacket the yellow leaf Wet blanket 炒鱿鱼下海白拿 3.直译意译结合法 the apple of one’s eye as dull as a goose Once in a blue moon as cool as a cucumber Black sheep as timid as a rabbit 4.音译法
汉英翻译基础教程期末考试总结
第三章名词的抽象和具体译法第一节名词的抽象译法(p68) 粗枝大叶to be crude and careless (with big branches and large leaves) 海阔天空to talk with random( with a vast sea and boundless sky) 灯红酒绿dissipated and luxurious (with red lights and green wine) 纸醉金迷of life of luxury and dissipation (with drunken paper and bewitched gold) 单枪匹马to be single-handed in doing sth (with a solitary spear and a single horse) 赤胆忠心ardent loyalty (with red gut and heart) 无孔不入to take advantage of every weakness (to get into every hole) 扬眉吐气to feel proud and elated (to raise the eyebrows and let out a breath) 开门见山to come straight to the point (to open the door and see the mountain) 大张旗鼓on a large and spectacular scale (to make a great array of flags and drums) 风雨飘摇(of a situation) being unstable (the wind and rain are rocking) 二．翻译下列句子 （1）这是他们夫妻之间的事情，你去插一脚干吗？ That’s a business of their own, between husband and wife. Why should you get involved in? （2）别人家里鸡零狗碎的事情你都知道得这么全，真是个顺风耳啊！ You know all the bits and pieces of trifles of other families. You are really well informed. （3）这消息让我出了一身冷汗。 I’m extremely terrified by the news. （4）她毛遂自荐来这所小学做老师。 She volunteered for the teaching post in this primary school. （5）我不敢班门弄斧，诚望您发表高见。 I dare not show off in the presence of（在……面前）an expert. I hope you would be kind enough to enlighten（启发，启蒙）us on this matter. （6）敌军闹得全村鸡犬不宁。 The enemy troops threw the whole village into great disorder. （7）敌军军官听说后路已被切断，吓得目瞪口呆。 The enemy officer was stunned by the news that the route of retreat had been cut off. （8）这些问题盘根错节，三言两语说不清楚。 These problems are too complicated to be explained clearly in a few words.
英汉互译教程要略
英汉互译教程总复习 1．Joint military exercises have increased in the region, to the detriment of trust between countries. 联合军事演习在本地区有增无减，不利于国家间建立信任。 2．This old man gets up and goes to bed with the sun everyday. 这位老翁每天黎明即起，日落而息。 3．A nearby object falling into a black hole is never heard of again. 附近的天体一旦落入黑洞，就会销声匿迹。 4．我们应该抢时间赶任务。 We should work against the clock. 5.These hospital expenses made inroads on my savings. 这些住院费耗掉了我大部分积蓄。 6．They killed a bottle of Kaoliang between them. 他们二人对酌，把一瓶高粱酒喝得一干二净。 7．When it came to reading, they were as good as blind. 一拿起书本，他们可都成了睁眼瞎了。 8．Blood is thicker than water. 血浓于水。 9．人们笑贫不笑娼。 People ridicule poverty but not prostitutes. 10. Last night I heard him driving his pigs to market. 昨夜我听见他鼾声如雷。 11．They ran away as fast as their legs could carry them. 他们拼着命地逃跑。 12．People were born survivors. 人的生存能力是与生俱来的。 13．这个环境工程是个“民心工程”。 The environment-friendly project is a “popularity-winning” project. 14. 语言这东西不是随便可以学好的，非下苦功夫不可。 The mastery of a language is not easy and requires painstaking effort. 15. 会议开得冷冷清清，有时甚至开不下去了。 The meetings were marked by such absence of living discussions that at times they were almost on the point of breaking up. 16. They pay lip-service to education but don’t work for better schools. 他们口惠而实不至，口口声声支持教育，却又不肯为改善学校条件做一些实际工作。 17．Unemployment has stubbornly refused to contract for more than a decade. 失业人数高居不下，已经十多个年头了。 18．有些厕所似乎仍是这次卫生大扫除活动的死角。 Some toilets seem immune to the clean-up campaign. 19. 这个摊贩叫卖道：“快来买呀，过了这村可没这个店啦。” The street peddler hawked, “Now or never!” 20. Why carry coals to Newcastle? 何必多此一举？ 21．You’re just teaching your grandmother how to suck eggs. 你这是在班门弄斧。 22．His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness. 主人对他的冷淡使他更加不自在。 23．I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.