初中英语时态与语态
初中英语语法：时态与语态
一、时态
1、一般现在时
一般现在时是英语中应用最广泛的时态之一，是初中英语语法重点。它表示：
1)经常性、习惯性的动作或存在的状态。
e.g（例）. I go to school on foot. He is very busy now.
2)表示主语的特征、性格、能力、爱好等。
e.g. He can swim. I work hard.. I like watching TV.
3)表示客观真理
e.g. There are seven days in a week. The moon moves round the earth.
其结构按正常语序，即“主语+谓语+其它”，有时为了起强调作用，时间状语也可提前.
其句式变化可分为两种情况:
1)表示动作，一般人称作主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词don’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词do。
E.g. They have lunch at 12:00. They don’t have lunch at 12:00. Do they have lunch at 12:00?
2）单三人称做主语的，变否定句须在动词前加助动词doesn’t；变一般疑问句须在句首加助动词does。
E.g. Jenny speaks English very well.
Jenny doesn’t speak English very well.
Does Jenny speak English very well?
含有be动词的要在be上做变化.（am, is, are）(am用于第一人称，is用于第三人称单数，如he,she,are用于第二人称或第三人称复数，如you,they)
E.g. Danny is a good student.
Danny isn’t a good student.
Is Danny a good student?
其时间状语为often、usually、always、sometimes等频率副词，on Saturdays、in the morning(afternoon evening) 、every day 等。
常见错误如下：
一、be动词与行为动词同时出现在句子中
例：We are plant (plant) the trees in spring.
答案：plant
解析：学生往往会用汉语的思维方式去翻译，就成了“我们是在春天植树”。这是学习英语最忌讳的，要看语法是不是正确，在英语中，be是表状态，do是表动作，两种动词不能同时出现在句子中，可记住如下口诀：“英汉语言有差异，be 、do不能放一起，仔细琢磨细分析，语法千万要牢记。”
二、单三人称形式易出错
例：1 He plaies (play) football very well.
2 Danny gos (go) to school at 7:10.
答案：1 plays 2 goes
解析：1以辅音字母加y结尾的动词变单三人称形式才能把y换成i再加es；2与名词变复数不同，变单三人称形式以o结尾的词要加es.
三、在句式变换时易出错
例：1 Does Jenny has (has) a good friend?
2 Brian doesn’t lives (not live) in China.
答案：1 Does have 2 doesn’t live
解析：单三人称做主语的一般现在时做句式变化时，可记住如下口诀：“见助动，用原形”。此口诀也可推广用于一般过去时态中。e.g. He didn't go home yesterday.
四、对do的理解易出错
例：We don’t (not do) our homework in the afternoon.
答案：don’t do
解析：do是一个比较难理解的词，它有三个含义: a)是所有行为动词的总称；b)是助动词，无实义；c)是一个具体的行为动词“做，干”。此句中给出的do指“做，干”，not指把此句变为否定句，故须在do前加助动词do n’t。
五、对主语的数判断有误
例：Li Ming with me are (be) in Beijing.
答案: is
解析:表面一看是“我和李明两个人在北京”，但with在此做伴随状语，不能做主语，故用is.
另外，宾语从句中，从句部分若是表示客观真理，不管主句是何时态，从句都要用一般现在时；在时间和条件状语从句中，主句表将来，从句要用一般现在时。
专项训练：
(一)、单选
1 Jenny _______ in an office. Her parents ______in a hospital.
A work; works
B works; work
C work; are working
D is working; work
2 One of the boys_______ a black hat.
A have
B there is
C there are
D has
3 We will go shopping if it______ tomorrow.
A don't rain
B didn't rain
C doesn't rain
D isn't rain
4 He said the sun ______in the east and ______in the west.
A rose; set
B rises; sets
C rises, set
D rise; sets
5 Wang Mei ______ music and often ______ to music.
A like; listen
B likes; listens
C like; are listening
D liking ; listen
6 Jenny______ English every evening.
A has study
B studies
C study
D studied
(二)、填空
1 I can take Li Ming there when he _______ ( come) to visit.
2 _____your sister_______(know)English?
3 Her home______ _______ ______(远离)her school.
4 The pot_______(not look) like yours very much.
5 Where _______you______(have)lunch every day?
6 Who_______(想要)to go swimming?
7 ________she_______(do) the housework every day?
8 Jenny and Danny usually________(play) games in the afternoon .
2、现在进行时
大家知道，谓语的动词用来表示动作（情况）发生时间的各种形式称为时态。
现在进行时表示
1、现在（说话的瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作，强调“此时此刻”。
E.g. He is reading . They are talking now.
2、当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
E.g. They are working these days.
*3某些动词的现在进行时，表预定的计划或即将发生的动作。
E.g I am coming.
其结构为be+现在分词. 现在分词的变法有
1、一般在动词词尾加上-ing , E.g. jump
2、以不发音字母e结尾的动词，先去e，再加-ing. E.g have write
3、.以重读闭音节末尾只有一个辅音字母结尾的词，它前面是单个元音字母时要先将词尾的辅音字母双写，再加上-ing. E.g. sit put swim stop let begin
其句式变换都在be上做文章。
E.g. He is buying a bike.
Is he buying a bike?
He isn’t buying a bike.
一般由look, listen, now, at this moment等时间状语做标志。
难点易错点：
一、把动词变成现在分词形式易出错
例：1、They are swiming.(swim)
2 、Jenny is plaiing(play)football.
答案：1.swimming 2 .playing
解析：动词变现在分词可有如下口诀:“一添一去y不变”. “一添”指双写规则；“一去去”指去掉不发音字母e规则；“y不变”指要与名词变复数区分开。
二、丢掉be动词或忘记把动词变成现在分词
例：1、Look,two children flying.(fly) a kite in the park.
2 、Li Mingisn’t read ( not read) a book in bed now.
答案：1 are flying 2 isn’t reading
解析:现在进行时肯定句的结构规律为: “be+现在分词,缺一不可”。这一点必须牢记。
三、对动词或动词词组提问时丢掉doing
例：1 、The students are singing in the room.(对划线部分提问)
What are the students in the room?
答案：What are the students doing in the room?
解析:现在进行时态中对动作提问可记住此句式“What +be +主语+doing+其它?”
或简写为“What......doing......”?句式。
四、现在进行时态的选择疑问句中易忽视or后用现在分词形式
例：孩子们在跑还是在跳？
Are the children running or jump?
答案：Are the children running or jumping?
解析: or连接的是两个并列成分，动词形式须一致。
专项训练：
（一）、单选
1、Look! He _______their mother do the housework.
A. is helping
B. are help
C. is help
D. is helpping
2 、_______are the boys doing ? They are singing in the room.
A .Who
B .How C.What D.Where
3、Don’t talk here. My mother _______.
A. is sleeping B .are sleeping C. sleeping D .sleep
4 、Danny ______. Don’t call him.
A. is writeing B .is writing C.writing D .writes
5 、–When_____he_____back?
–Sorry, I don’t know.
A. does,come
B.are coming
C.is come
D.is coming
3、一般过去时
一般过去时：简单地说是表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。
一般过去时的构成：
1）be动词过去式的句式。
否定句是在was/were后面加not，was not (wasn't)/were not (weren't)。
一般疑问句是把was / were提前并放到句首，要求首字母要大写。
2）实义动词过去式的句式。
①肯定式：主语+动词过去式+其它。
如：They had a good time yesterday.
②否定式：主语+did not(didn't)+动词原形+其它。如：They didn't watch TV last night.
③一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+其它？肯定回答：Yes，主语+did.否定回答：No，主语+didn't. 如：Did they have a meeting two days ago? Yes，they did. / No，they didn't.
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+其它？如：What time did you finish your homework?
知道了一般现在时的构成，我们在看看在什么情况下，我们才能使用它。
一般过去时的用法：
①一般过去时的基本用法
A)表示过去某个特定时间发生的动作或存在的状态。
He suddenly fell ill yesterday.
昨天他突然生病了。
The engine stopped because the fuel was used up.
发动机因燃料用光而停机了。
B)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。
I wrote home once a week at college.
我上大学时每周给家里写一封信。
He was already in the habit of reading widely in his boyhood.
他童年时就养成了广泛阅读的习惯。
注：表示过去的习惯性动作，除了用过去时外，还可以用used to或would来表示。
She used to study late into the night when she was in Senior Three.
她上高三时经常学习到深夜。
He would sit for hours doing nothing.
过去他常常一坐几个钟头什么事也不做。
C)表示过去连续发生的一系列动作。
She entered the room, picked up a magazine and looked through it carefully.
她走进房间，拿起一本杂志，认真地翻阅了起来。
The students go up early in the morning, did morning exercises and then read English aloud in the open air.
学生们很早起床，做早操，然后在室外朗读英语。
D)在时间、条件状语从句中表示过去将要发生的动作。
We would not leave until the teacher came back.
老师回来我们才会离开。
She told me she would not go if it rained the next day.
她告诉我如果第二天下雨的话，她就不去了。
②一般过去时的特殊用法
a)在虚拟语气中表示现在或将来时间的动作或状态。
It's time we went.
该是我们走的时候了。
I wish I were twenty years younger.
但愿我年轻20岁。
I would rather you didn't do anything for the time being.
我宁愿你暂时先不要采取什么措施。
b)在口语中，一般过去时往往显示委婉客气。
I wondered if you could give me a hand.
我想请你帮个忙。
Might I come and see you tonight?
我想今晚来看你，好吗？
一般过去时的时间状语表示一般过去时的时间状语有：a moment ago(刚才)，yesterday morning，last night/ week，the day before yesterday(前天)，just now(刚才)等。
我们在前面讲过一般现在时，那一般现在时和一般过去时有什么不同点呢？下面我们来看看两者之间的区别。
一般现在时和一般过去时的比较
一般现在时要和现在的时间相联系，而一般过去时和说话的“现在”没有联系。
His father is a film director.
他父亲是电影导演。(他现在还是)
His father was a film director.
他父亲曾是电影导演。(他现在不是)
How do you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样？(还在看小说)
How did you like the novel?
你觉得这部小说怎么样？(已看完小说)
讲了关于一般现在时的这么多方面，还有一个非常重要的知识我们必须学会，就是动词的一般过去式。因为英语的不同时态主要是通过动词和时间状语来实现的。
动词一般过去式的构成
1.规则动词过去式的变化可速记为直、去、双、改四字诀。
①一般情况下在动词原形后直接加-ed。如：wanted，played。
②以不发音的字母e结尾的动词，去掉e再加-ed。如：hoped，lived。
③重读闭音节单词需双写最后一个辅音字母再加-ed。如：stopped。
④以辅音字母+y结尾的动词变y为i，再加-ed。如：studied，worried。
规则动词过去式的读音也有规律可循。请记住：清后[t]，元浊[d]，[t] [d]之后读[Id]。
①清辅音[p] [k] [f] [s] [F] [tF]等后，ed要读[t]。如：worked，finished。
②元音或浊辅音[b] [g] [v] [z] [m]等后，ed要读[d]。如：lived，called。
③[t]或[d]后，ed读[Id]。如：started，needed。
2.不规则动词变化，要逐一熟记。be动词过去式有两种形式，主语是第一、三人称单数形式使用was，其他人称
用were。
专项训练：
一、Be动词的过去时练习。
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
4. Helen and Nancy ________ good friends.
5. The little dog _____ two years old this year.
6. Look, there ________ lots of grapes here.
7. There ________ a sign on the chair on Monday.
8. Today _____ the second of June. Yesterday ______ the first of June. It _____ Children’s Day. All the students ______ very excited.
二、用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning?
She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.
9. How _________(be) Jim's weekend? It _________(be not) bad.
10. ________ (be) your mother a sales assistant last year? No. she __________.
11. I _________ (have) an exciting party last weekend.
12. _________ she _________(practice) her guitar yesterday? No, she _________.
13. What ________ Tom ________ (do) on Saturday evening?
He ________(watch) TV and __________(read) an interesting book.
14. They all _________(go) to the mountains yesterday morning.
15. She _________(not visit) her aunt last weekend.
She ________ (stay) at home and _________(do) some cleaning.
16. When ________ you _________(write) this song? I __________(write) it last year.
4、一般将来时
一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态以及计划、打算做某事。
E.g. They will have a football match tomorrow. He will be thirty next week. She is going to buy a coat this afternoon.
其结构有如下几种:
1)will + 动词原形(will可以用于任何人称) 需要注意的是当主语是第一人称时will可以换成shall,特别是在以I 或we作主语的问句中,一般用shall.
e.g. Shall we go to the zoo?
2)be going to +动词原形
3)某些动词的现在进行时也可表示将来，前边已经讲过,这里不再重复.
第一种结构的句式变化是: 变否定句在will后边加not. 变一般疑问句把will提前.
E.g. She will be back in three days. She will not be back in three days. Will She be back in three days?
第二种结构的句式变化要在be上做文章.
E.g. They are going to clean their classroom. They are not going to clean their classroom. Are they going to clean their classroom?
其时间状语有如下几种
1）this引导的短语如this year
2）tomorrow及其相关短语如tomorrow morning
3）next引导的短语如next month
4) from now on ; in the future ; in an hour 等。
常见错误如下：
一、易忽视动词用原形形式
例：1 He will is (be) at school next Monday.
2 He is going to does (do) his homework after school.
答案：1 be 2 do
解析：第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is，忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时，很容易把动词丢掉，“英语句子里，动词不能少”的规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形，而不是用单三人称.。
二、be going to +动词原形与will+动词原形用法不清楚
例：我正努力学习，准备参加英语考试。
I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams.
答案：I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.
解析：“be going to”表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g. He is going to visit his friends. 还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.e.g. Look at the clouds. It’s going to rain. 而“Will+动词原形”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g.
I will wait for you until you come. 在单纯预测未来时，二者可以互换，但在此题中只能用be going to，而不能用will。
三、There be结构的一般将来时易出错
例：There_________ a basketball match this afternoon. (B)
A is going to be
B is going to have
C are going to be
D are going to have
答案：A
解析：There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构，又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲，所以选了B，但There be结构就不成立了，此句中is是be going to中的，是由后边的单数名词决定的.
四、be going to结构中易丢掉to
例：I’m going _______(go) school by bike tomorrow. (C)
A to will go
B to go to
C go to
D to go
答案：B
解析：由tomorrow可知是一般将来时，be going to +动词原形，所以先确定用to go , 在B、D当中选，而go to school 是固定词组，不能因为前边有一个to而省略，这是一个易错点，需要注意。
另外，在时间状语或条件状语从句中，若主句用了将来时，从句则用一般现在时，前边已经讲过,这里不在重复.
专项训练：
（一）、单选
1 _____you ____a doctor when you grow up?
A Will; going to be
B Are; going to be
C Are; /
D Will; be
2 I don’t know if his uncle _____. I think he _____ if it doesn’t rain.
A will come; comes
B will come; will come
C comes; comes
D comes; will come
3 He will be back _____a few minutes.
A with
B for r
C on
D in
4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow?
A will
B shall
C do
D are
5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.
A finishes
B doesn’t finish
C will finish
D won’t finish
6 There _____some showers this afternoon.
A will be
B will have
C is going to be
D are going to have
7 It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow. She _____a party.
A is going to be; will have
B will be; is having
C will be; is going to have
D will have; is going to be
8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11.
A is
B is going to be
C will be
D will to be
（二）、填空
1 -“I need some paper.”
- “I ____(bring)some for you.”
2____(be)you free tomorrow?
3 They _________(not leave) until you come back.
4 _____we_____(go) to the party together this afternoon?
5 They want to know when the meeting _____start.
6 I _____(go) with you if I have time.
7 Hurry up! Or we ______(be) late.
8What ____you _______(do) tomorrow afternoon?
9 Jenny ____ _____ (do) an experiment the day after tomorrow.
10 If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take) part in the party.
5、过去进行时
(一）定义
过去进行时，是表示过去某个具体时刻正在进行的事情或动作。
（二）结构
was/were +doing (现在分词）
（三）用法
1、过去进行时表示过去某段时间内持续进行的动作或者事情。常用的时间状语this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：
We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.
昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。
What was he researching all day last Sunday?
上周日他一整天都在研究什么？
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。
It was raining when they left the station.
他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。
2. 过去进行时可以表示在过去某个时间点发生的事情。时间点可以用介词短语、副词或从句来表示。如：
What was she doing at nine o'clock yesterday?
昨天晚上九点她在做什么？(介词短语表示时间点)
When I saw him he was decorating his room.
当我看见他的时候他正在装饰房间。(when从句表示时间点)
3. 在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。例如：
While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.
他边等车边看报。(两个动作都是延续的)
He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.
他擦车时我在做饭。(两个动作同时进行)
4. 通常不能用于过去进行时的动词主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(拥有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：误：I was knowing the answer.
正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。
误：I wasn't understanding him.
正：I didn't understand him. 我不明白他的意思。
典型例题：
1) Mary ___ a dress when she cut her finger.
A. made
B. is making
C. was making
D. makes
答案C. 割伤手指是已发生的事情，应用过去时。同时，when表时间的同时性，“玛丽在做衣服时”提供事情发生的背景，因此用过去进行时。
2) As she ___ the newspaper, Granny ___ asleep.
A. read; was falling
B. was reading; fell
C. was reading; was falling
D. read;fell
答案B.句中的as = when, while，意为"当……之时"。描述一件事发生的背景时，用过去进行；一个长动作发生的时候，另一个短动作发生。句意为"在她看报纸时，奶奶睡着了。"句中的fell (fall的过去时)，是系动词，后跟形容词，如：fall sick。
（四）过去进行时和一般过去时的区别
1．一般过去时叙述旧事，过去进行时描述背景。
Ａ、一般过去时
１）叙述过去状态、动作或事件
He went to Beijing the other day.（带具体时间）
２）表示过去的习惯
a) would ,used to与过去时
would 表间断性不规则的习惯，常带频率时间
used to 表一贯性有规律的习惯
They used to meet and would sometimes exchange one or two words.
He smoked a lot two years ago. （过去行为）
b) Would 用于文中不用于句首，只表过去习惯。
Used to 表今昔对比的含义，叙述习惯动作可与would 换用。
When he was a boy , he would often go there . （叙述过去）
She isn't what she used to be. (今昔对比)
c) 表示状态时一般只用used to
Tom used to be fat /There used to stand a tree there. (状态)
d) was (were) used to +ving表示“合适于，适应于…..”
He used to work at night . (“习惯”表经常)
He was used to working at night. (习惯表适应)
３）表示过去的经历，平行动作，依此事件用一般过去时。
He sat there and listened to the radio.(依此发生)
４）表示客气委婉的语气，用于情态动词，助动词和want , wonder , hope 等
How did you like the film? / Could you help me?
B. 过去进行时
－表示在过去某阶段或某一时刻正在发生
What were you doing at 8:30 last night? (过去某时刻正在发生)
－短暂性动词用过去进行时表示按计划、打算
During that time he was going with us.(表示打算)
－与always ,often ,usually 等连用表喜爱，讨厌等感情色彩。
He was always Changing his mind.
2、过去进行时与一般过去时的区别
A. 进行时表某一行为的“片断”一般时表示行为的“整体”和存在的状态。
I was reading the book at that time. (未读完，“读”的片段)
I read the book yesterday. (已读完，表整个“读”)
B、一般持续时间状语多与进行时连用
It was raining all night.(优先用was raining ,rained 为持续动词，故也可使用)
He was writing a letter the whole of afternoon. (短暂动词与持续时间连用，表反复，连续发生，不可用一般过去时)
C、while 时间状语从句中用短暂动词时只能用进行时。
例：He broke a chair while he was jumping up and down.
D、While 所在主从句动作大致持续相等时主从句一般都用进行时，但若是持续动词可都用一般过去时，两个动作一长一短时短的用一般时，长的用进行时。
I was cooking the dinner while he was playing the piano.(平行)
I cooked the dinner while he played the piano.
I saw him while I was walking to the station.
3、英语中有四类动词一般不用进行时（不用现在进行时和过去进行时）
1)表心理状态、情感的动词，如love ,hate ,like ,care ,respect ,please ,prefer ,know 等，若用进行时则词意改变。
I’m forgetting it . (=beginning to forget )
2)表存在、状态的动词，如appear ,exist ,lie ,remain ,stand ,seem等
3)表感觉的动词，如see ,hear ,feel ,smell ,sound ,taste等.
4)表一时性的动词，如accept ,allow ,admit ,decide ,end ,refuse ,permit ,promise等。
5、例题
考题1 As she ____the newspaper ,Granny ____ asleep .
A. read /was falling B .was reading /fell
C. Was reading /was falling
D. read/fell
分析时间从句的动作长，而“入睡”动作短，故前者用过去进行时，而较短动词用一般过去时，选B
考题2 Tom ___ into the house when no one ___ .
A. slipped/was looking
B. Had slipped /looked
C. slipped/had looked
D. was slipping /looked
分析此题先要理解好when ，表“此时”，说明主句中slipped是较短行为，而look是较长行为的片断，即汤姆溜进房子，此时没人瞧见，故选A为正确。
专项训练：
1 What ______ from three to four yesterday afternoon?
A have you done
B had you done
C did you do
D were you doing
2 – I call you yesterday evening, but there was no answer.
- Oh., I’m sorry I _____ dinner at my friend’s home.
A home
B had
C was having
D have had
3 My mother _____ while my father _____TV.
A cooked; was watching
B was cooking; was watching
C was cooked; watched
D cooked; watched
4 When I got home, my son _____ the music.
A am listening to
B listened to
C was listening to
D was listening
5 We heard a cry when we ______ TV last night.
A were watching
B would watch
C watch
D watched
6 She asked him whether he _____ back for lunch.
A come
B was coming
C came
D had come
7 Could you tell me when ______?
A she is coming
B she was coming
C will be come
D is he coming
8 The teacher ______ when I came into the classroom.
A is drawing
B draws
C has drawn
D was drawing
9 The pizza ______ by my mother. Would you like to have some?
A makes
B was making
C made
D was made
10 Nobody noticed what she ______ at the moment.
A will do
B was doing
C has done
D had done
11 Was it raining hard when you _____ this morning?
A left
B leaves
C was leaving
D would leave
6、现在完成时
现在完成时的用法
主语+have(has)+过去分词(done)
1.现在完成时用来表示现在之前已发生过或完成的动作或状态,但其结果却和现在有联系,也就是说,动作或状态发
生在过去但它的影响现在还存在.
I have lost my wallet.(含义是:现在我没有钱花了.)
Jane has laid the table.(含义是:已可以吃饭了.)
Michael has been ill.(含义是:现在仍然很虚弱)
He has returned from abroad. (含义是:现在已在此地)
2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的情况,常与for,since连用.
Mary has been ill for three days.
I have lived here since 1998.
3.现在完成时往往同表示不确定的过去时间状语连用,如already, yet, just, before, recently, still, lately等:
He has already obtained a scholarship.
I haven't seen much of him recently (lately).
We have seen that film before.
Have they found the missing child yet
4.现在完成时常常与表示频度的时间状语连用,如often, sometimes, ever, never, twice, on several occasion等: Have you ever been to Beijing
I have never heard Bunny say anything against her.
I have used this pen only three times. It is still good.
George has met that gentleman on several occasions.
5.现在完成时还往往可以同包括现在时间在内的时间状语连用,如now, up to these few days/weeks/months/years, this
morning/week/month/year, now, just, today, up to present, so far等:
Peter has written six papers so far.
Man has now learned to release energy from the nucleus of the atom.
There has bee too much rain in San Francisco this year.
The friendly relations and cooperation between our two countries have been enhanced in the past few years.
Up to the present everything has been successful.
6.现在完成时表示现在之前业已完成的动作,虽然其效果或影响仍然存在但已不再继续,但是有一些现在完成时的
句子,在后面加上for+一段时间,则现在完成时的动作就表示延续性.
Thomas has studied Russian. (现在不再学俄语)
Thomas has studied Russian for three years. (=Thomas began to study Russian three years ago, and is still studying it now.(同第2点用法第一个例句)
7.现在完成时还可以用来表示过去的一个时间到现在这段时间内重复发生的动作.
We have had four texts this semester.
现在完成时的“完成用法”和“未完成用法”
1.现在完成时的"完成用法"
现在完成时的"完成用法"指的是动作发生在过去某一时刻并已结束，但该动作对现在产生了影响，与现在情况具有因果关系。
例如：He has turned off the light.他已把灯关了。(动作结束于过去，但说明的是现在的情况--灯现在不亮了。)
现在完成时"完成用法"的特点是动作不延续，因此，该时态只能与表示不定的过去时间状语(如：already，yet，before，recently等)、频度时间状语(如：never，ever，once等)、包括现在时刻在内的时间状语(如：this morning ／month ／year...，today等)连用。
例如：Have you found your pen yet？你已找到你的钢笔了吗？
2.现在完成时的"未完成用法"
现在完成时的"未完成用法"指的是动作开始于过去某一时刻，一直延续到现在，或可能还要继续下去。
例如：He has lived here since 1978.自从1978年以来，他一直住在这儿。(动作起始于1978年，一直住到现在，可能还要继续住下去。)
I have been in the army for more than 5 years.我在部队已经呆了五年多了。(动作开始于5年前，一直延续至今，有可能还要继续下去。)
此种用法的句中常需一个表示一段时间的状语(由since或for引导)，或表示与现在时刻相连的时间状语(如：up to now，so far)等。
例如：I have heard nothing from him up to now.到目前为止我没有他的任何消息。
注意：(1)现在完成时的未完成用法只适用于延续性动词，不可用于终止性动词，即瞬间完成或延续时间很短的动词。如：come，go，arrive，leave，join，become，die等。
现在完成时常见两种句型：
①主语＋have / has been＋for短语
②It is＋一段时间＋since从句
例如：He has been in the League for three years.或It is three years since he joined the League. 他入团已三年了
过去分词的构成：
1 、规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
⑴、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。
work---worked---worked ,visit---visited---visited
⑵、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。
lived---lived---lived ,
⑶、以“辅音字母+ y ”结尾的动词，将"y" 变为"i" ，再加“ ed ”。
study---studied---studied ,cry---cried---cried ,
play---played---played ,stay---stayed---stayed
⑷、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。
stop---stopped---stopped , drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词：不规则动词的过去分词要特别牢记，详见课后附录中的不规则动词表.
两种时态的区分:
(1)、一般过去时的谓语动词用过去式，而现在完成时的谓语基本构成是“助动词have/ has + 过去分词”。
(2) 、一般过去时通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。如：yesterday, last week , two years ago ,just now ,in 2002 等；而现在完成时则常与just ,already ,ever ,never 等副词和these days ,this week ,since ......, for ...... 等表示一段时间的状
语连用。
试比较以下几组句子，有什么区别：
①A:Have you seen the film ?
B:Did you see the film ?
分析：你看过这部电影吗？（A ）句强调的是被问者对剧情是否了解；（B ）句强调的是看这部电影的动作是否发生过，并不强调是否知道其内容。
②A:How has he done it ?
B:How did he do it ?
分析：他是怎么做的这件事？（A ）句强调的是他做着件事的方式对现在产生了某种影响；（B ）句单纯的询问做这件事的方式。
③A:He has lived in Beijing for 8 years .
B:He lived in Beijing for 8 years .
分析：他在北京住了8 年。（A ）句讲的是到目前为止他在北京住了8 年，可能还会继续在北京住下去。（B ）句讲的是他在北京住过8 年，现在已经不在北京了。
专项训练：
1. Li Hong has ________ the army for 2 years.
A. joined
B. joined to
C. been in
D. joined in
2. We have been friends since ______.
A. children
B. five years
C. five years ago
D. five years before
3. Mike ___________ the story for a month.
A. Has bought
B. Has had
C. had had
D. has borrowed
初中英语语法八大时态总结
初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有：always、often、usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如：I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Did+主语+动词原形+其他
(完整word版)初中英语时态和语态专项练习题.pdf
初中英语时态和语态专项练习题 用括号中动词的适当的形式填空。 1．The boy is happy because he ___________(sell) out all the newspapers. 2．The plan _____________(give) up because of rain. 3．If it __________(not rain) tomorrow, we ____________(go )fishing. 4．Where ____________ you ____________(be) these days? 5．Where is Tom? He _________(go) to the post office. He said he _________(come) back soon. 6．Mike says he _________(want )to be a worker after he _________ (finish )school. 7．The last bus ____________ just ________(leave) when they ________(get) to the bus stop. 8．She _________(not go) to bed until she _______(finish) her work. 9．Light ___________(travel )much faster than sound. 10．I __________(feel) much better after I _______(take) the m edicine. park gate.” 11.“Where ________we________(meet)?”“Let's meet outside the 12．I _________(be) afraid Mr Johnson __________(not visit) out school tomorrow. 13．I _________(lost) my bike. _________ you _________(see) it a nywhere? 14．________this kind of car __________(produce) in Shanghai? 15．We __________(see) several members of the family since we ________(arrive) 16．I found that the students _________(play) football on the p layground. 17．The shop ___________(close) at this time of day. 18．Where ________your watch _________(lose)? 19．________the doctor __________(send) for last night? 20．Three children ___________(take) good care by the nurse. 21．Some children ___________(take ) good care by the nurse. 22．Some new houses _________(build) by the villagers themselves. 23．What language ________(speak) in Australia? 24．The colour TV _________(buy) in that shop three days ago. 25．He said he __________(stay) here for another two days. 26．The doctor said Jim must ________(operate ) on at once. the workers _______ 27.“__________the bridge _______(repair) yet?”“Yes, already ___________(repair) it.” 28．We are in Grade One this year, so we _________(teach ) physics next year. 29.“Where _________(be) you last night?”“I _________(ask) to help Tom at home. 30．The big tree ________(blow)down in the storm last night. 31．I________ never ________(eat) such delicious noodles before. 32．When we reached the town, it _______(get) dark. 33．We ________(have) lunch when suddenly someone knocked at the door. 34．Lucy said she ________(visit) the school the next month. 35．I ________(wait) until he comes back. 36．You ________(watch) TV after supper, aren't you? 37．They _________(be) to that small village several times. 39．Can you tell me if it _________(snow) tomorrow?
初中英语语法——动词的时态
动词的时态 一、考点解读 今天我们复习动词的时态，英语的时态是同学们学习英语的难点，在各地的中考题目中许多题型都会有对于动词时态的考查。出现较多的是在单选，完形填空，及其在第二卷中出现的根据汉语意思填词的题目，还包括翻译句子，书面表达。可以说中考题目中大部分都会涉及到动词的时态。既是难点也是重点。在今天的专题中我们复习初中阶段需要掌握的八个时态。 1．一般现在时 2．现在进行时 3．一般过去时 4．过去进行时 5．一般将来时 6．过去将来时 7．现在完成时 8．过去完成时 二、专题梳理 初中阶段所学的英语的时态有8种。英语的时态有很强的表达能力，能使句子的意思明确，能显示细微的差异，能使句子生动逼真。但它们不是相当灵活，在不同的时间中，要用不同的形式，这是与中文大不相同的地方。 1．一般现在时：一般现在时是描述经常性、反复性的动作、性质或状态的时态。 （1）一般现在时的时间状语通常有： ①often ②usually ③always
④seldom ⑤sometimes ⑥every＋时间 ⑦次数＋时间 ⑧on＋时间 ⑨in＋时间 ⑩没有时间，但表示客观存在的事实 （2）一般现在时动词的形式主要用动词原形表示，但如果主语是单数第三人称时，则在动词后加s或es，变成否定句和疑问句时，又将s、es去掉，还为原形。 ①be动词的一般现在时的构成 否定式和疑问否定式如下表所示： ②其他实义动词的一般现在时的构成
其他实义动词一般现在时的构成如下 表所示（以动词work为例） 特别提示： have(has)在表示“有”时，否定形式为haven’t(hasn’t)或have not(has not)，变为疑问句时可直接把have(has)放在句首也可借助于助动词do(does)。当不表示“有”的意思时，其否定句和疑问句只能加助动词do(does)构成。 e.g.Has she any experience in teaching piano lessons？(√) Does she have any experience in teaching piano lessons？(√) 她有教钢琴的经验吗？ Had you a good time going hiking yesterday？(×) Did you have a good time going hiking yesterday？(√) 你昨天徒步旅行玩得开心吗？
中考初中英语语法八大时态总结(附答案)
中考初中英语语法八大时态总结（附答案） 初中英语语法八大时态 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词原形/动词的第三人称单数+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词） don't/doesn't +动词原形+其他 一般疑问句式: Do/Does+主语+动词原形+其他 简略回答: (肯)Yes,主语+do/does (否)No,主语+do/does not 缩写形式: don't = do not doesn't = does not 例句：He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2.用法 1）表示经常的、习惯性的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频度的副词连用。 常用的频度副词有： always、often、 usually、seldom、never、sometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays.频度副词在句中通常放在行为动词之前，系动词、助动词之后。 例如: He often goes swimming in summer. I usually leave home for school at 7 every morning. 2）表示主语具备的性格、特征和能力等。 例如：All my family love football . My sister is always ready to help others . Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 3)表示客观真理、客观存在、自然现象。 例如：The earth moves around the sun. Shanghai lies in the east of China. 4）表示按计划或安排好的，或将要发生的动作，可用一般现在时表将来。 但只限于start,begin,leave,go,come,arrive,return,take place等。 例如：The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. He comes back tonight. 5）在复合句中，当主句是一般将来时，时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。 例如： I'll tell him the news when he comes back. If you take the job , they will talk with you in greater details. 1.结构 肯定句式: 主语+动词过去式+其他 否定句式: 主语+（助动词）didn’t +动词原形+其他
初中英语时态与语态练习
初中英语时态专项练习题及答案 will tell him as soon as he _____ back A. come B. comes C. will come D. came 2. Mary _____ on shoes when she ____ them. A. tries…buys B. tries… buies C. trys… buys D. trys… buies 3. The girl often ______ cold when she ______. A. cathcs…dances B. catches… dances C. catchs…dancees D. catches… dance, 4. _____ he ____ himself there? No, I don't think so. A. Do…enjoy B. Does… enjoies C. Does… enjoys D. Does…enjoy 5. _____ your teacher ____ from them very often? Certainly. A. Do…hear B. Does…hear C. Do… receive D. receive 6. _____ your mother _____ some cleaning on Sunday? A. Does…does B. Do…does C. Does…do D. Do… do 7. _____ Tom _____to work hard to help his family ? Yes, he _____. A. Has… x…does B. Has…x…does C. Does…has…has D. Does… have…does 8. Which teacher _____ lessons to you every day ? A. does …gives B. does… give C. do… give D. gives 9. Smith does not go fishing on weekdays, ____? _____ , he does. A. does he…No B. does he…Yes C. doesn’t he…No D. doesn’t he…Yes Black often _____ fishing on Sundays, _____ he ? A. goes…doesn’t B. goes…isn’t C. doesn’t go…does D. doesn’t go…is usually _____ TV on Sunday evening. A. watch B. watches C. watching D. is watching 12. We’ll go to play with sno w if it ______ tomorrow. A. snow B. snows C. will snow D. snowed 13. Neither I nor he ______ French. A. speak B. doesn't speak C. speaks D. doesn't speak 14. Nobody ______ how to run this machines. A . know B. have known C. knows D. is knowing 15. The Young Pioneer _____ water for the old man every day. A. carry B. bring C. takes D. carries 16. Some are ______ in the river and some are ______ games. A. swimming… playing B. swimming…plaing C. swimming… I playing D. swimming…plaing 17. Look ! The boy students are _____ football while the girls are _____ . A. playing… dance B. playing… dancing C. play… dancing D. play… dance 18. He _____ to do his lessons at eight every evening.
(完整)初三英语中考专题复习：时态和语态
初三英语中考专题复习：时态和语态 ( ) 1. Don’t make so much noise. We _______ to the music. A. listened B. listen C. are listening D. have listened ( ) 2. I must return the camera to Li Lei. I _______ it for two weeks. A. keep B. borrowed C. have kept D. have lent ( ) 3. –When will you tell him the good news? --I will tell him about it as soon as he _______ back. A. comes B. came C. will come D. is coming ( ) 4. –Dad, please open the door, it _______. –OK, dear. I’m coming. A. locks B. locked C. is locked D. was locked ( ) 5. –Did you go to Jim’s birthday party? --No, I _______. A. am not invited B. wasn’t invited C. haven’t invited D. didn’t invite ( ) 6. A talk on Chinese history _______ in the school hall next week. A. be given B. has been given C. will be given D. will give ( ) 7. You may go fishing if your work _______. A. is done B. will be done C. has done D. have done ( ) 8. –What do you think of the football match yesterday? --Well. It’s surprising. The strongest team of our school _______. A. was beaten B. won C. scored D. was failed ( ) 9. –Would your younger brother go for a picnic this Sunday? --If I don’t go, _______. A. so does he B. so he will C. neither will he D. neither does he ( ) 10. The trees must _______ three times a week. A. water B. is watering C. be watered D. waters ( ) 11. –Did you see Tom at the party? -- No, he _______ by the time I got there. A. left B. was leaving C. had left D. has left ( ) 12. –Why not go to see the dolphin show with me? --Because I ______ it. A. saw B. will see C. see D. have seen ( ) 13. –Do you like watching cooking programs on TV? --No, I don’t, but my twin brother _______. He’s very fond of cooking. A. does B. do C. is D. are ( ) 14. Catherin _______ the letter before her mother came into her bedroom. A. has written B. was written C. had written D. is writing ( ) 15. The old man is quite weak after the accident, so he _______. A. must take care of B. must be take care of C. must look after D. must be looked after ( ) 16. The ticket is on the floor. Would you please _______ for me? A. pick it up B. pick up it C. pick up them D. pick them up ( ) 17. He _______ living in the country to the city.
初中英语语法--时态
一、一般现在时： 1. .概念：经常、反复发生的动作或行为及现在的某种状况。 2．用法 1）.表示经常的或习惯性的动作，常与表示频率的时间状语连用。 2）.表示主语具备的性格、能力、特征和状态 3）.表示客观事实和普遍真理。 4）.在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，常用一般现在时代替将来时。 5）表示预先计划或安排好的行为。 6）表示格言或警句中。Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 一般现在时常与下列时间状语连用：always, usually, often, s ometimes, every week (day, year, month…), once a week, on Sundays, He is always ready to help others. Action speaks louder than words. 3.基本结构：动词原形（如主语为第三人称单数，动词上要加- (e)s ） It seldom snows here. 4.否定形式：am/is/are+not;此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词，则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数，则用doesn't，同时还原行为动词。 5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首；用助动词do提问，如主语为第三人称单数，则用does，同时，还原行为动词。 二、一般过去时： 1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。 .基本结构： be动词（was/ were）；行为动词的过去式；情态动词的过去式+动词原形 否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
初中英语动词时态语态练习题
初中英语动词时态语态 练习题 Document serial number【UU89WT-UU98YT-UU8CB-UUUT-UUT108】
1. The sun ________ in the east. A. is always rising B. always is rising C. rises always D. always rises 2. He often ________ his clothes on Sundays. A. washing B. washes C. has washed D. wash 3. I’m Japanese. Where ________ from A. do you come B. you are coming C. you come D. are you coming 4. A mother who ________ her son will do everything for his happiness. A. is loving B. loves C. loved D. has loved 5. ________ at a higher temperature than water A. Has milk boiled B. Is milk boiling C. Does milk boil D. Was milk boiling 6. He signed to us with his hand, “The lesson is over. You ________.” A. dismissed B. are dismissed C. have dismissed D. were dismissed 7. I haven’t met him for ages, but his mother ________ him sometimes. A. had still seen B. still sees C. has still seen D. still saw 8. We will start as soon as our team leader________ . A. comes B. will come C. come D. is coming 9. I think Jack ________ the answer.
初中英语时态总结
（1）一般现在时 基本形式（以do为例）： 第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）； 肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他； He works for us. 否定句：主语＋don‘t/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他； He doesn't work for us. 一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他。 肯定回答：Yes，（＋主语＋do/does）． 否定回答：No，（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.） 特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语 Does he work for us? Yes, he does. No, he doesn't What does he do for us? He works for us. （2）一般过去时 be动词＋行为动词的过去式 否定句式：在行为动词前加didn‘t，同时还原行为动词，或was／were＋not； was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词例如：Did he work for us? He didn't work for us. He worked for us. （3）一般将来时 am／are／is＋going to＋do 或 will／shall＋do am/is/are/about to + do am/is/are to + do; 一般将来时的表达方法 be going to +动词原形 be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形 be able to +不定式 be about to+动词原形 will + 动词原形； 例如：He is going to work for us.
初中英语语法动词时态
初中英语语法总结 ( 动词的时态) 11.1 一般现在时的用法 1）经常性或习惯性的动作，常与表示频度的时间状语连用。时间状语：every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如： I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。 2）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实。例如： The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。 Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。 3）表示格言或警句。例如： Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。 注意：此用法如果出现在宾语从句中，即使主句是过去时，从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例：Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。 4）现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如： I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。 Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错，讲的可不行。 比较：Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。 I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。 第一句用一般现在时，用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作，表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志，表示正在进行的动作的客观状况，所以后句用一般现在时。11.2 一般过去时的用法 1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。例如：时间状语有：yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。例如： Where did you go just now? 刚才你上哪儿去了？ 2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。例如： When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我是个孩子的时候，常在马路上踢足球。 Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
初中英语语法的八种时态的具体用法
初中英语语法的八种时态的具体用法： 一般现在时表示现阶段经常或习惯发生的动作或存在的状态,或说明主语的特征。 ①一般现在时句子中常有的时间状语：often,usually,sometimes,always,every (day等), once/twice,a (week等), on (Sunday等),never,in the (morning等)。如：They go to the Palace Museum once a year.(他们每年去一次故宫)/ They often discuss business in the evening.(他们经常在晚上商谈生意) ②表示客观真理、事实、人的技能或现在的状态时句子里一般不用时间状语。如：The earth turns round the sun.(地球绕着太阳转)/ Light travels faster than sound.(光传播比声音快) ③表示十分确定会发生(如安排好的事情)或按照时间表进行的事情,用一般现在可以表达将来,句子中可以有将来时间。如：The train for Haikou leaves at 8：00 in the morning.(开往汉口的列车上午8点开车) ④在时间状语从句中(以when, after, before, while, until, as soon as等引导)和条件状语从句中(以if,unless引导),用一般现在时代替一般将来时,句子可以有将来时间。如：Please ring me up as soon as you arrive in Germany.(你一到德国就给我打电话) / If it rains tomorrow,we will have to stay at home.(如果明天下雨我们就只好呆在家) ⑤一般现在时用于倒装句中可以表示正在发生的动作,动词以come, go为主。如：Here comes the bus. (车来了) / There goes the bell.(铃响了)。 ⑥一般现在时常用于体育比赛的解说或寓言故事中。Now the midfield player catches the ball and he keeps it.
初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解
初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态讲解 一般现在时态 【展示平台】 １一般现在时态用来表示经常,反复，习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态,常与表示频率的副词ｓomｅtｉmeｓ(有时）, often（经常), usualｌy（通常), aｌw ａys（总是)等连用。时间状语ｉn the ｍorｎｉnｇ/ ａftｅrnoｏｎ/ ｅｖe ｎiｎg（在上午／下午／晚上）, ｅvery day／ weｅk/ ｍoｎtｈ/ yｅａｒ(每天/周/月/年, at nｏｏｎ/nigｈt（在中午／夜里)，on Mondaｙ/Ｔｕｅｓｄay(在星期一/二)等也可用在一般现在时态中。如: Bruce usｕallｙｗalｋs to schｏｏl．布鲁斯通常步行去上学。 We hａve two P．E classeｓ evｅry week. 我们每周上两节体育课。 2 表示现在的特征或状态。如: She is alwａyｓrｅady to ｈelp ｏtheｒs. 她总是乐于助人。 Hｅis １3 yeａrs ｏｌd．他13岁了。 3 表示事实或客观真理,或在谚语中,也用一般现在时。如: Thｅ sun rises in the eａｓt aｎd seｔs in the west ｅveｒｙｄay. 太阳每天东升西落。 When therｅｉs a wiｌl, ｔheｒe is a ｗａy．有志者，事竟成。 4 一般现在时的基本句型 1)肯定句:① 主语+动词原形+其他②主语（第三人称单数）+ 动词-ｓ+ 其他如:Thｅy lｉｖe ｉn Cｈｉna. 他们住在中国。 He lｉkes eatｉｎg ａｐples．他喜欢吃苹果。 2)否定句：① 主语+dｏn’ｔ＋动词原形+其他 ②主语（第三人称单数）+doesn’ｔ＋动词原形+ 其他 如：Tｈey doｎ’t live ｉn Ｃｈｉnａ. 他们不住在中国。 Ｈe ｄoesn’t like eaｔing ａｐｐｌes. 他不喜欢吃苹果。 ３)一般疑问句：①Do+主语＋动词原形＋其他? ② Does＋主语（第三人称单数)＋动词原形+其他？ 如：Do thｅｙ lｉve ｉｎChina? 他们住在中国吗? Does ｈe like ｅaｔiｎg apples? 他喜欢吃苹果吗? 【相关链接】 当主语是第三人称单数时,谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下: １)一般在动词后直接加ｓ。如:tａlk –taｌks， live –lives。 ２）以s, ｘ., cｈ, sh或o结尾的动词在其后加ｅｓ。如: wａｔch –ｗatches, ｗash –ｗasｈes, go –goes。 3)以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如：ｃａrry –ｃarries, fｌｙ–flｉeｓ。
初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态总结
初中英语八大时态语态总复习时态总结 一般现在时态1一般现在时态用来表示经常，反复，习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表示频率的副词sometimes（有时）,often（经常）,usually（通常）,always（总是）等连用。时间状语in the morning/afternoon/evening（在上午/下午/晚上）,every day/week/month/year（每天/周/月/年,at noon/night（在中午/夜里）,on Monday/Tuesday（在星期一/二）等也可用在一般现在时态中。如：Bruce usually walks to school.布鲁斯通常步行去上学。We have two P.E classes every week.我们每周上两节体育课。2表示现在的特征或状态。如：She is always ready to help others.她总是乐于助人。He is13years old.他13岁了。3表示事实或客观真理，或在谚语中，也用一般现在时。如：The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.太阳每天东升西落。When there is a will,there is a way.有志者，事竟成。4一般现在时的基本句型1）肯定句：①主语+动词原形+其他②主语（第三人称单数）+动词-s+其他如：They live in China.他们住在中国。He likes eating apples.他喜欢吃苹果。2）否定句：①主语+don’t+动词原形+其他②主语（第三人称单数）+doesn’t+动词原形+其他如：They don’t live in China.他们不住在中国。He doesn’t like eating apples.他不喜欢吃苹果。3）一般疑问句：①Do+主语+动词原形+其他?②Does+主语（第三人称单数）+动词原形+其他？如：Do they live in China?他们住在中国吗？Does he like eating apples?他喜欢吃苹果吗？【相关链接】当主语是第三人称单数时，谓语动词用第三人称的单数形式。谓语动词的第三人称单数形式的变化规则如下：1）一般在动词后直接加s。如：talk–talks,live–lives。2）以s,x.,ch,sh或o结尾的动词在其后加es。如：watch–watches,wash–washes,go–goes。3）以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变成i再加es。如：carry–carries,fly–flies。4）特殊的，如：have的第三人称单数为has。 二、一般过去时：概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态；过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。时间状语：ago,yesterday,the day before yesterday,last week(year,night,month …),in1989,just now,at the age of5,one day,long long ago,once upon a time,etc.基本结构：①be动词；②行为动词否定形式：①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。一般疑问句：①was或were放于句首；②用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。1一般过去时态场用来表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态。常用时间状语有：yesterday（昨天）,last night（昨晚）,last week（上个星期）,four days ago（四天前）,in2002（在2002年）,just now（刚才）,the day before yesterday（前天）。如：He went to the park yesterday.她昨天去了公园。（表示过去某个时间发生的动作）I was ten years old in2003.我2003年才10岁。（表示过去某个时间存在的状态）2表示过去习惯性的动作也用一般过去时。此时常和表示频率的副词：always（总是），often（经常）,sometimes（有时）等连用。如：He always went to school early last year.他去年总是早早上学。3表达去世的人所做的事往往也用一般过去时。如：Ying Zheng was the first king in China.赢政是中国的第一个皇帝。4一般过去时态的构成1）肯定句：主语+动词的过去式+其他如：
初中英语语法知识—动词时态的解析
一、选择题 1．Don’t turn on the TV. Grandma ________. A．sleeps B．is sleeping C．sleep D．are sleeping 2．—Look, Tom's parents look so sad. —Maybe they what's happened. A．knew B．have known C．has known D．will know 3．— How about going for a drive, Mike? — One moment, please! I __________ cleaning our room soon. A．will finish B．have finished C．finish D．finishes 4．I like this dress very much. It soft and smooth. A．feels B．touches C．is felt D．is touched 5．—________ a remake (翻拍) of the famous Disney movie Lion King in July, 2019. — Really? I can't wait to see it. A．There will have B．There is going to have C．There will be 6．— Morning, Mike! Did you sleep well last night? — Yes. I went to bed at 9:30 because there ______ a math test this afternoon. A．was B．will be C．is going to have 7．Which of the following sentences is correct? A．He came in and sat down. B．We all like