Unit 21Human Biology重点单词短语句型及练习(含答案)

Unit 21Human Biology

分类记单词?填准记牢·快速掌握

写作词汇——写一写

1．swap v i.交换

2．fundamental adj. 根本的；基础的

3．seek v t. 寻找

4．digest v t. 消化

5．violate v t. 违反，违背

6．cater v i. 满足；迎合

7．treat v t. 款待

8．postpone v t. 推迟，延期

9．prohibit v t. 禁止

10．pause n. 停顿；暂停

11．routine n. 常规；惯例

12．decline v i. 下降

13．unite v t. 联合；团结；统一

14．temporary adj. 临时的；短暂的

15．vote v i. 表决

16．circumstance n. 情形；情况

17．abuse v t. 滥用

18．deadline n. 截止日期；最后日期

19．submit v t. 提交

拓展词汇——记一记

1．circulate v i.循环→circulation n．循环

2．rob v t.使丧失；抢劫→robber n．抢劫犯

3．tolerate v t.容忍→toleration n．容忍；忍耐力→tolerant adj.宽容的；容忍的→tolerance n．宽容

4．annual adj.每年的，一年一次的，年度的→annually ad v.每年，一年一次

5．oppose v t.反对→opposition n．反方；对立面→opposite adj.相反的；对面的→opposed adj.反对的

6．equip v t.使有准备→equipment n．装备；装备品

7．fortune n．大笔钱财；巨款→fortunate adj.幸运的→fortunately adj.不幸的

8．concern n．担心；担忧→concerned adj.担心的→concerning prep.关于

9．unite v t.联合；团结；统一→united adj.团结的→union n．联合

10．faith n．信心→faithful adj.守信的；忠实的→faithfully ad v.忠实地，真诚地

11．privileged adj.荣幸的→privilege n．特权

◎语境应用[用所给词的适当形式填空]

1．Our school offers good equipment and you will be well equipped with knowledge and skills for your future job.(equip)

2．As a famous saying goes，union is strength.If united，we can overcome all the difficulties，so let’s unite together.(unite)

3．As we all know，an annual meeting is held annually.(annual)

联想背短语?高效识记·稳固根基

高频短语——写一写

1．in_vain徒然；白费力气

2．at_random 随便地；随意地

3．at_all_costs 不管多大代价；无论

如何

4．straight_away 立刻；马上

5．wipe_out 彻底消灭

6．stop_something_in_its_tracks 终止；消灭

7．at_any_rate 无论如何；至少

8．put_off 推迟

9．get_down_to 开始认真做

10．bring...up 教育；养育；呕吐；引述

11．get_through 通过(考试)；完成

12．clear_up 整理；解释；澄清；放晴

13．focus_on 聚焦；集中；对准

14．for_good_(and_all) 长期地；永远地

15．miss_out 遗漏；遗忘；错过机会

◎语境应用——练一练(选用以上短语填空)

1．There are still many people suffering a lot，and we are to do something to wipe_out poverty.

2．It’s not a easy task for you to bring_up a small child on your own.

3．Had the boy worked harder，he would have got_through the exams.

4．I tried to make his peace with her，but in_vain.

5．It is raining now，but I think it will clear_up soon.

精彩写句式?典句背诵·夯基提能

经典句式——背一背

1．It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at random.(It is＋adj.＋for sb.＋to do...句型)

2．The Olympic spirit—the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning—has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.(rather than并列连词，表示“而不是”)

3．Having killed up to 50 million people in 18 months，with a tendency to strike the young and fit rather than the old，the Spanish Flu is believed to have been the most acute epidemic in history.(sb./sth.be believed to...意为“某人或某物被认为……”)

句式仿写——练一练

1．他这次或许能通过驾照考试。

It’s_possible_for_him_to_pass the driving test this time.

2．作为学生，我们应当通过努力学习而非考试作弊来取得好成绩。

As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard rather_than_cheating_in_the_exam.

3．据说这本书已被翻译成了好几种外国语言。

The book is_said_to_have_been_translated into several foreign languages.

第一板块重点单词

tolerate v t.容忍；忍受

(佳句诵读)I can’t tolerate you speaking to your mother in such a rude manner.

我不容许你用这种无礼的方式和你母亲说话。

(1)tolerate (sb.) doing sth.

容忍/忍受(某人)做某事

stand (sb.) doing sth.

忍受/容忍(某人)做某事

bear sb.doing/to do sth.

忍受/容忍某人做某事

put up with 忍受；容忍

(2)tolerance n. 宽容

tolerant adj. 宽容的

As far as I’m concerned，I won’t tolerate your rudeness any longer.

就我个人而言，我再也受不了你的无礼了。

◎巧学巧练1

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①When neighbours want to get along well with each other，they have to show their tolerance (tolerant)．

②Nobody can tolerate being_cheated (cheat)，and that’s why he has no friend.

能力提升(高考小作文)

③(广东卷写作)在一些专家的眼中，火星上的生活条件非常艰苦，难以忍受。

In some experts’opinion，living conditions on the Mars are_very_hard_to_tolerate.

oppose v t.反对；反抗；与(某人)较量

(佳句诵读)Some don’t agree to the plan，and I’m one of those who oppose it.

有些人不同意该计划，我就是那些反对者中的一个。

(1)oppose doing sth.反对做某事

(2)opposed adj. 反对的；对立的

be opposed to doing sth.

反对做某事

(3)opposite n. 相反的人或事物

adj. 相反的；对立的

(朗文)Most company bosses say they are opposed to employees working a lot of overtime.

大多数公司老板说，他们反对雇员频繁加班。

◎巧学巧练2

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①Good habits always lead to high efficiency，while bad ones bring the opposite (oppose)．

②Many old men are_opposed (oppose) to cutting down the 100-year-old tree for rebuilding a shopping centre.

能力提升(句式升级)

③因为很多人的反对，政府延迟了这项新提案。

The government postponed the new proposal because a lot of people were_opposed_to/opposed it.

④用with复合结构改写句子。

With_a_lot_of_people_opposed_to/opposing_the_new_proposal，the_government_postponed_it.

equip v t.& v i.装备；配备

(全国卷Ⅱ单选)It is often said that human beings are naturally equipped to speak.

人们常说，人天生具有说话的能力。

(1)equip...with...用……装备

equip...for sth. 为了……而装备

be well/poorly equipped

设备精良的/较差的

(2)equipment n. 装备；设备(不可数名词)

a piece of equipment 一件设备

Having equipped himself with necessary knowledge and skills，the young man went to the job market with much confidence.具备了必要的知识和技能后，这个年轻人满怀信心地去了就业市场。

◎巧学巧练3

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①We want our son to have a good education that will equip him for future life.

②Please equip yourself with a sharp pencil and a rubber for the exam.

能力提升(单句改错)

③Equipping with new scienTIFic farming methods，they have been able to use less farmland

than in the past.

答案：Equipping→Equipped

④In addition，they spend money on fishing equipments，fuel and boat repairs.

答案：equipments→equipment

fortune n．财产；大笔的钱；机会；运气

(佳句诵读)In China，children are given money in a red envelope to bring good fortune in the New Year.

在中国过新年的时候孩子们会得到一个里面装着钱的红色信封，这能带来好运。

(1)seek one’s fortune找出路；碰运气

come into a fortune 得到财产

make a fortune 发财

(2)fortunate adj. 幸运的；侥幸的(＝lucky)

(3)fortunately ad v. 幸运地(＝luckily)

Now there are many young men in our society dreaming of making a fortune without hard work.现在在我们社会里，有很多年轻人梦想不通过努力工作就可发大财。

◎巧学巧练4——单句语法填空

①She was fortunate enough to_find (find) a job as soon as she graduated from the university.

②It was fortunate (fortune) to escape from being injured in the accident.

③Fortunately (fortune)，with the help of some local villagers，rescuers were able to gain access to the disaster-hit area soon enough.

④Unfortunately (fortune)，he was caught in the traffic jam and late for the meeting.

circumstance n．环境；情况，通常用作复数形式(佳句诵读)Due to circumstances beyond our control，the lecture was cancelled.

由于我们无法控制的情况，讲座被取消了。

in/under the circumstances

在这种情况下；情况既然如此

in/under no circumstances

决不，无论如何都不

(牛津P344)Under the circumstances，it seemed better not to tell him about the accident.在这种情况下，不告诉他有关这次事故的情况似乎更好。

◎巧学巧练5——完成句子

①My teacher always reminds me that under no circumstances should_I_abandon_my_learning_goals (不应该放弃学习目标) once I set them.

②You must not mention your colleague under_any_circumstances (在任何情况下)．

③Iran and Iraq also have the potential to export more，if_circumstances_allow/permit (如果情况允许)．

seek (sought，sought) v t.寻找；寻求；追求；探求；探索；试图(2014·天津卷单选)Clearly and thoughtfully written，the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.

构思清晰、笔法纯熟，这本书激发了那些希望自己寻找答案的学生的自信心。

seek sth.from sb.向某人请求/寻求某物

seek after/for sb.(sth.) 寻求某人(某物)

seek one’s fortune 寻找成功(致富)的机会

seek out 找出；寻出

seek to do sth. 试图做某事

You should seek advice from your lawyer on this matter.这件事情你应该请求你律师的建议。

◎巧学巧练6

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①They are urgently seeking for the post where they are well paid.

②Faced with danger，she managed to calm down and tried to seek help from her

neighbours. 能力提升(单句写作)

③我们试图找一种方法使我们和周围的人相处融洽。 We seek_to_find_a_way to make us get along well with the people around us.

④他告诉我们他要去北京碰碰运气，我建议这件事情他应该请教他的老师。

He told us that he was going to Beijing to seek_his_fortune and I suggested that he should_seek_advice_from his teacher.

postpone v t .推迟，延期

(教材原句)I decided not to postpone studying (as I normally do ！) and got up early every morning to get down to work straight away.

我决定不推迟学习(就像我平常那样！)，而是每天早上早点起床立刻开始学习。 postpone/delay/put off doing...推迟做……

postpone sth.to/until... 把某事推迟到……

It has been decided the meeting should be postponed until/to next Saturday.

已经决定，会议延期到下星期六举行。

◎ 巧学巧练7 基础练习(单句语法填空)

①Owing to the bad weather ，we decided to postpone leaving (leave)．

②It has been decided the meeting should be_postponed (postpone) until next Saturday. 能力提升(一句多译)

我们学校决定推迟举行运动会。

③Our_school_has_decided_to_postpone_holding_the_sports_meeting.

④Our_school_has_decided_to_delay_holding_the_sports_meeting.

⑤Our_school_has_decided_to_put_off_holding_the_sports_meeting.

prohibit v t .禁止，阻止

(佳句诵读)It was the bad weather that prohibited their going to the science museum.

是糟糕的天气阻止了他们去参观科学博物馆。

(1)prohibit (doing) sth. 禁止(做)某事

(2)

?

????prohibit sb.from doing sth.prohibit sb.’s doing sth. 禁止某人做

某事

(3)prohibition n . 禁止；禁令

a prohibition against/on... ……的禁令

(牛津P1585)The high cost of equipment prohibits many people from taking up this sport.

昂贵的装备令许多人对这项运动望而却步。

◎巧学巧练8

基础练习(单句语法填空)

①The prohibition (prohibit) against drunk driving will save many lives.

②It is my family finances that prohibit my going(go) to college.

能力提升(一句多译)

一些人认为在一些地方很有必要禁止(人们)使用手机。

③Some people think that it’s necessary to_prohibit_people’s_using_mobile_phones in some places.

④Some people think that it’s necessary to_prohibit_people_from_using_mobile_phones in some places.

⑤Some people think that it’s necessary to_prevent_people_from_using_mobile_phones in some places.

⑥Some people think that it’s necessary to_stop_people_from__using_mobile_phones in some places.

⑦Some people think that it’s necessary to_keep_people_from__using_mobile_phones in some places.

第二板块短语·句式

at all costs不管多大代价，无论如何

(2015·浙江卷卷)I decided to try at all costs to rid my students of their fear and dislike of books.

我决定不惜一切代价尽力使学生们摆脱对书籍的恐惧和反感。

at the cost of丧失；牺牲

at a cost of 以……费用/价格

at any cost 以任何代价

Zhang Lili，a brave woman teacher，saved her students at all costs.张丽莉，一位勇敢的女教师，不惜任何代价救了她的学生。

◎巧学巧练1——用cost短语填空

①He is determined to win the match at_all_costs/at_any_cost.

②She saved him from drowning，but only at_the_cost_of her own life.

③He has just built a new house for his family at_a_cost_of $10,000.

It is compulsory for winners to be tested but other participants are only tested at

random.获胜者要强制性地进行检查，而其他参与者只是随意地检查。

(1)“It is ＋adj .＋for sb.to do...”结构中的形容词仅仅描述事物，不是对不定式行为者的品格进行评价。这类形容词有difficult ，easy ，hard ，important ，dangerous ，impossible 等。

(2)“It is ＋adj .＋of sb.to do...”结构中的形容词描述不定式行为者的性格、品质。这类形容词有kind ，good ，right ，clever ，foolish 等。

It’s very dangerous for children to cross the busy street.对孩子们来说，穿过繁忙的街道很危险。

◎ 巧学巧练2——完成句子

①Nowadays it_is_important_for_us students to master a foreign language.

现在对我们学生来说掌握一门外语是非常重要的。

②It’s _clever_of_you to work out the maths problem.

你真聪明，解出了这道数学题。

The Olympic spirit —the spirit of competition which emphasises taking part rather than winning —has been violated by the desire to succeed at all costs.

人们不惜任何代价想获胜的愿望违背了重在参与而不是获胜的奥林匹克精神。

(1)rather than 而不是，前后两部分在成分和形式上应当一致。

(2) ??

???would rather do sth.than do sth.would do sth.rather than do sth.prefer to do sth.rather than do sth.

宁愿……而不愿……

(3)other than 不同于，除了

or rather 更确切地说

more than 超过，不仅仅是

Compared with women ，men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.

与女人相比，男人宁愿待在家里睡觉，也不愿意把时间花在购物上。

◎ 巧学巧练3 基础练习(用than 短语填空)

①Parents are more_than providers for their kids ；they are also their first teachers.

②(2014·浙江卷)Facing up to your problems rather_than running away from them is the best approach to working things out.

③The form cannot be signed by anyone other_than yourself. 能力提升(高考小作文)

(2015·湖南卷)听到班主任说的话，我非常高兴，心怦怦直跳。

④When_I_heard what the headteacher said，I was very glad and my heart beat wildly.(一般表达)

⑤Hearing_what_the_headteacher_said，I was more_than_glad and my heart beat wildly.(分词作状语，高频词汇升级)

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Every year，Tom remembers to have some flowers________(send) to his mother on her birthday.

答案：sent

2．His account of the accident cleared________one or two important facts.

答案：up

3．It can rob you ________your self-confidence if you don’t learn to forgive yourself.

答案：of

4．The College Entrance Examination is approaching.It’s high time for us to get down ________our studies.

答案：to

5．The meeting which is reported________(hold) this month has been put off till the end of next month.

答案：to be held

6．The millionaire passed away，leaving his children with a large________(fortunate)．答案：fortune

7．He said that he had submitted the report on the matter ________the director.

答案：to

8．Her wealthy parents were opposed ________her marrying the boy from a poor family.

答案：to

9．They are seeking ________(attain) the most advanced technological levels in the world.

答案：to attain

10．It was an unpopular decision to postpone________(build) the new school.

答案：building

11．Compared with other newspapers，this newspaper gave a ________(faith) account of the event.

答案：faithful

12．I’m afraid that I can’t attend Tom’s wedding party__________________(hold) next weekend.

答案：to be held

13．He was in poor health，so the doctor prohibited him ________ drinking wine.

答案：from

14．Those who know how to________(tolerance) others can naturally lead a happy life.

答案：tolerate

15．More and more people are tending to read books by computers or phones rather than ________(go) to library to read books.

答案：go

Ⅱ.单句语法改错

1．The little girl always remains silent in class unless asking to answer questions.

答案：asking→asked

2．The manager has made clear that he will retire at the end of this year.

答案：made后加it

3．As long as there is kindness and virtue，the world will become more beauTIFully.

答案：beauTIFully→beauTIFul

4．I think it quite privilege to be invited to attend the meeting.

答案：quite后加a

5．No matter how hard the situation is，you should not lose your heart.

答案：去掉your

6．My deskmate，rather than you，are responsible for the work.

答案：are→is

7．It is nice for you to give us so much help.

答案：for→of

8．He made fortune in his business trade last year.

答案：made后加a

Ⅲ.单句写作

1．As students，we should try to get good results by studying hard____________________(而非考试作弊)．

答案：rather than cheating in the exam

2．We prohibit ____________________(在办公室吸烟) during working hours.

答案：smoking in the office

3．If there hadn’t been the war，people ________________________(会生活得更好) then.

答案：would have lived a better life

4．The number of people ____________________(闯红灯的人下降) since the new traffic

regulations came into effect.

答案：who run the red light is on the decline

5．Before boarding the plane，we should have____________________(检查我们的行李)．答案：our luggage checked

Ⅳ.话题写作

根据提示，利用本单元所学知识，完成下面的小作文并背诵成文。

1．青少年吸毒已成为人们关注的问题。(abuse，concern)

2．为了禁止他们这样做，人们每年都会寻找不同的方法。(prohibit，seek)

3．专家建议青少年用知识武装自己，将学习作为自己的常规事务。(equip，routine) 4．专家还建议青少年在任何情况下都不要失去信心，他们的努力不会白费的。(circumstance，faith，in vain)

参考答案

Drug abuse among teenagers has become a concern of the public.To prohibit them from doing so，people seek various ways annually.Experts suggest that teenagers should equip themselves with knowledge and make it a routine to study hard，adding that under no circumstances should they lose faith in themselves and that all their efforts will not be in vain.选修7Unit 21Human Biology

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七年级上册重点短语及句型归纳Starter Unit1– Unit 3词组 1. in English 用英语 2. what color 什么颜色 3. first name 名字= given name 4. last name 姓氏= family name 5. phone number 电话号码= telephone number 6. an ID card 一张身份证 7. pencil case 铅笔盒,文具盒 8. pencil sharpener 铅笔刀，卷笔刀 9. excuse me 请原谅，打扰了 10.thank you 谢谢你 11. computer game 电子游戏 12. play computer games玩电脑游戏 13. call sb．at … 拨（某电话号码）找某人 14. lost and found 失物招领 15. a set of 一串，一列，一套，一副 16. thanks for 为……感谢= thank you for 17.family photo 全家福照片 18.a photo of your famil你家人的照片= your family photo Starter Us1-3 句型 1.Good morning/afternoon /evening, Bob!早上/下午 /晚上好，Bob! 2.Good morning to you.祝你早上好。 3.--How are you?你好吗？ I’m fine, thanks. How are you?我很好谢谢你好吗---I’m OK.我还好。 4.---What’s this in English?用英语表达这是什么？—It’s an orange.它是一只桔子。 —Spell it, please. 请拼写它。--O-R-A-N-G. ---Thank you.谢谢。 Thank you very much/a lot.-----You are welcome. =That’s all right.=That’s OK.不用谢。 5.--What color is it?它是什么颜色？It’s red.红色。 6.The key is yellow.钥匙是黄色的。 =It’s a yellow key.它是黄色的钥匙。 7.Nice to meet you.很高兴见到你。----Nice to meet you, too. /Me,too. 也很高兴见到你。 8.How do you do? 你好！----How do you do?你好！Unit 1 1.---What’s your name?你的名字是什么？ 2.—My name is Gina.我的名字是吉娜。=I’m Gina. 我是吉娜。 3.What’s his name?---His name’s Tommy. 4.What’s her name?—Her name is Jenny. 5.―Nice to me et you.很高兴认识你。—Nice to meet you,too.也很高兴认识你。 6.－What’s her phone number?她的电话号码是多 少？ 7.—Her telephone number is 535-2375.她的电话号 码是535-2375. 8.－What’s his family/last name?他的姓是什么？—His family/last name is Brown.他的姓是布朗。 9.－What’s her first name?她的名字是什么—Her first name is Linda.她的名字是琳达。 Unit 2 1.Is this/that your pencil?这是你的铅笔吗—Yes, it is.是，它是---No, it isn’t.不，它不是。 2.How do you spell eraser?你怎样拼写eraser? 3.in the lost and found case在失物招领箱里 4.call Alan at 495-3539给艾伦打电话495-3539 5.school ID card校牌 6..a set of keys一串钥匙Unit 3 1.Is this your daughter?这是你的女儿吗—Yes, it is. 是，它是。/No, it isn’t.不，它不是。 2.Those are my two brothers那些是我的两个兄弟。 3.Is she your aunt?她是你的姨母吗？ —Yes she is.是，她是。/No,she isn’t.不，她不是。 4.family tree家谱 5.Thanks for the photo of your family.谢谢你的全 家照 6.Here is my family photo.这儿是我的全家福。 7. 7.This is my mother.这是我母亲。 6.a photo of your family=your family photo你的全 家福 Unit 4 1. under the table 在桌子下 2. on the sofa 在沙发上 3. in the backpack 在背包里 4. math book 数学书 5. alarm clock 闹钟 6. video tape 录象带 7. take … to … 把……拿(去)给…… 8. bring … to … 把……带(来)给…… 9. on the floor 在地板上 1.Where is the backpack?背包在哪里？—It’s under the table.它在桌子下面。 2.Where are my books?我的书在哪里？—They’re on the sofa.他们阿子沙发上。 3.Is it on the floor?它在地板上吗？—No, it isn’t. 不，它不在。 4.Are they in the drawer?他们在抽屉里吗？—Yes, they are.是，他们在。 5.The CDs are in the drawer.激光唱片在抽屉里。 6.take these things to your sister 把这些东西带去 给你姐姐 7.bring it to school把它带到学校来 Unit 5 1. soccer ball 足球 2. tennis racket 网球拍 3. ping-pong ball 乒乓球= table tennis 4. ping-pong bat 乒乓球拍 5. play basketball 打篮球 6. play ping-pong 打乒乓球= play table tennis 7. play volleyball 打排球 8. play soccer 踢足球= play football 9. play baseball 打棒球 10. play tennis 打网球 11. sports club 体育俱乐部 12. play sports做运动，参加体育比赛= do sports 13. watch TV 看电视 14. sports collection 体育收藏 15. watch … on TV 在电视上观看…… 16. every day 每天 1.Do you have a ping-pong ball?你有乒乓球吗？

初中英语短语词汇的专项训练及答案

一、选择题 1．Vivien worked very hard at all her lessons. __________, she became the top student in her class. A．In order to B．As a result C．As usual D．For example 2．—What do you think of your English teacher? —She is a good and caring one. Though her teaching style that of most other teachers, she always has more creative teaching methods than others do. A．is similar to B．is similar as C．the same as 3．The ice hotel built in Canada is _________snow and ice, so it doesn't last long. A．covered with B．made up of C．connected to D．provided with 4．People often make a wish before candles when they celebrate birthday. A．bringing out B．laying out C．finding out D．blowing out 5．—The fire was finally____ in Jilin on June 3. Unfortunately, 119 people lost their lives. —I hope the accident like this won’t happen again. A．put down B．put away C．put out D．put up 6．--All right. I’ll take it. But I tell you, it is the last time I will ______ this kind of work. ---Come on, buddy! Don’t be so serious. A．take out B．take up C．take on D．take off 7．David promised that he would come to the party, but he didn’t ________. A．stay up B．grow up C．wake up D．show up 8．She________live alone. But she________living alone because she feels lonely. A．used to, doesn’t used to B．is used to, was used to C．used to, is not used to D．was used to, doesn’t used to 9．As the road to the airport is under repair, we will have to _______ early to get there in time. A．turn off B．take off C．put off D．set off 10．—Have you heard that there’s a bi g fire near your home last night? — Sure. Luckily, the firemen came quickly and ______ the fire. A．came out B．broke out C．put out D．cut out 11．—Who is your favorite singer, Mike? —TF Boys. They are very ____ boys and girls. A．proud of B．popular with C．strict with D．worried about 12．Because of his mistakes when dealing with the electricity problems, last Friday he was by the company. A．got off B．took off C．kicked off 13．David Burt’s dream in China is to go into the west and ______ an early child hood school there. A．clean up B．look up C．give up D．set up