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句子成分分析精讲教学内容

句子成分分析精讲教学内容
句子成分分析精讲教学内容

句子成分分析精讲

句子成分分析

1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。

The sun rises in the east (名词)

He likes dancing. (代词)

Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)

Seeing is believing. (动名词)

To see is to believe.(不定式)

What he needs is a book.(主语从句)

It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.

(It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语)

① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.

② There is an old man coming here.

③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.

④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

2. 谓语(predicate):放在主语的后面。Be动词/系动词/情态动词/助动词/行为动词

Be动词:is/am/are/was/were

系动词: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉),become, turn, get , grow…

情态动词: can/could/may/might/should/shall/must/…+do 没有人称和数的变化

助动词:do/does/did

3. 宾语:动宾,介宾

A. 动宾 I like China. (名词)

He hates you. (代词)

How many do you need? We need two. (数词)

I enjoy working with you. (动名词)

I hope to see you again. (不定式)

Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句)

B. 介宾

Are you afraid of the snake?

Under the snow, there are many rocks.

C. 双宾语的动词

“七给”一“带”to不少,“买”画“制作”for来了。

1、“七给”(give, pass, lend, write, show, send, hand)和“带”(bring)8个及物动词,在直接宾语前置时,必须在后面加上“to”。即“vt. + sth. + to + sb.”

2、“buy”(买);“draw”(画);“make”(制作)三个动词,在直接宾语前置时,则必须在后边加“for”,构成“vt. + sth. + for + sb.”。

如:Mother bought a new dress for me。

3、 explain,introduce,deliver,等动词后必须跟介词to,不能进行直接宾语与间接宾语的转换。

Could you explain your point of view to us?=Could you explain to us your point of view?

4、易错的动词

rob sb of sth // steal sth from sb

cure sb of illness 治愈某人疾病 accuse sb of// charge sb with sth 指责某人某事warn sb of警告某人某情况 rid sb of sth 从----中除去(不好的东西)

cheat sb of sth 骗取某人某物inform ab of sth通知某人某事 remind sb of sth 是某人想起某事

supply sb with sth 供给某人某物 provide sb with sth 给某人提供某物

4. 表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,(系表) 表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

He is a teacher. (名词)

Five and five is ten. (数词)

He is asleep. (形容词)

His father is in. (副词)

The picture is on the wall. (介词短语)

My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词)

The question is whether they will come. (表语从句)

5.定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。(前置定语和后置定语)

?Yanling is a chemistry teacher.

? He is our friend.

?We belong to the third world.

?He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.

?The man over there is my old friend.

?The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.

?The boys playing football are in Class 2.

?The trees planted last year are growing well now.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.(名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找出下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano.(名词) She went out in a hurry.(代词) Four plus four is eight.(数词) To see is to believe.(不定式) Smoking is bad for health.(动名词) The young should respect the old.(名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。

英语句子成分

句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如:讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。 如:There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如:It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2.谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如:

英语句子成分精讲

一、句子成分 (一)句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;主要成分有主语和谓语;次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 主语(Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。 主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如: 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. (名词) 2.We often speak English in class. (代词)

3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词) 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式) 5.Smoking does harm to the health.(名词) 6.The rich should help the poor. (名词化形容词) 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.(从句) 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it是形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式) (三)谓语 谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下: 1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock. 2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. (2)由系动词加表语构成。如: We are students. 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。 (四)表语 表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词(如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等)之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如: 1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) 2.Is it yours?(代词) 3.The weather has turned cold.(形容词) 4.The speech is exciting.(分词) 5.Three times seven is twenty one?(数词) 6.His job is to teach English.(不定式) 7.His hobby is playing football.(动名词) 8.The meeting is of great importance. (介词短语) 9.Time is up. The class is over.(副词) 10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句) 注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。 1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如: He is a teacher.

(完整word版)英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子基本结构讲解及练习 一、句子的基本结构(5种) 1、主语+谓语(s+v) 2、主语+系动词+表语(s+l+p) 3、主语+谓语+宾语(s+v+o) 4、主语+谓语+间接宾语(指人)+直接宾语(指物)(s+v+io+do) 5、主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(s+v+o+c) 二、句子成分:(主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、宾补、同位语、插足语) 1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east ()He likes dancing. () Twenty years is a short time in history. ( ) Seeing is believing. () To see is to believe.()What he needs is a book.() It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.() (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解和练习试题

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 简单句的五个基本句型 ?主语+不及物动词She came.. ?主语+及物动词+宾语She likes English. ?主语+系动词+主语补语 ?She is happy. ?主语+动词+间接宾语+直接宾语 ?She gave John a book. ?She bought a book for me. ?主语+动词+宾语+宾语补语 ?She makes her mother angry. ?The teacher asked me to read the passage. ?(There +be There lies a book on the desk. 主谓宾 ?名/代--动词--名/代 ?we-- saw --you. ?we-- did --the work. ?主系表 ?名/代-系动词-形容次/名词/代词 ?you are beautiful ?you seems worried. ?you are a stufent.

?相同点都三部分,主语也一样.不同动词和系动词,时态一样,否定式不同.动词加助动词,系动词不用.表语可以是形容词,宾语不行.只有宾语有补足语 2、句子成分:英语句子成分分为七种: ?主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、宾语补足语。 ?1、主语是句子所要说的人或事物,回答是“谁”或者“什么”。通常用名词或代词担任。 ?如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐) ?2、谓语动词说明主语的动作或状态,回答“做(什么)”。主要由动词担任。 ?如:Jack cleans the room every day. (杰克每天打扫房间) ?3、表语在系动词之后,说明主语的身份或特征,回答是“什么”或者“怎么样”。通常由名词、代词或形容词担任。 ?如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 4、宾语表示及物动词的对象或结果,回答做的是“什么”。通常由名词或代词担任。 ?如:He can spell the word.(他能拼这个词) ?有些及物动词带有两个宾语,一个指物,一个指人。指物的叫直接宾语,指人的叫间接宾语。间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面。 ?如:He wrote me a letter . (他给我写了一封信) ?有时可把介词to或for加在间接宾语前构成短语,放在直接宾语后面,来强调间接宾语。如:He wrote a letter to me . (他给我写了一封信) 5、定语修饰名词或代词,通常由形容词、代词、数词等担任。如: Shanghai is a big city .(上海是个大城市) 6、状语用来修饰动词、形容词、副词,通常由副词担任。 如:He works hard .(他工作努力)

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习 1. 主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe.(不定式) What he needs is a book.(主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) (一)指出下列句中主语的中心词 ① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom. ② There is an old man coming here. ③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. ④ To do toda y's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult. 2. 谓语(predicate):是对主语加以陈述,表示主语的行为或状态,常用动词或者动词词组担任,放在主语的后面。 We study English. He is asleep. (二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 ① I don't like the picture on the wall. A. don't B. like C. picture D. wall ② The days get longer and longer when summer comes. A. get B. longer C. days D. summer ③ Do you usually go to school by bus A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus

英语句子成分讲解

句子结构成份讲解及练习题 主语:就是一个句子述的对象,或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如:我看书。谁看书? “我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。(如动词不定式,动名词,代词都可作主语,主语从句)主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 谓语:说明主语是什么,干什么,怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么,是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我” 干什么?“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。一个句子,一般都可分成主、谓两大部分(祈使句是省主句)。再细分又可分成谓语(动词)、宾语,表语,补语(包括宾补和主补),定语,状语,同位语等。如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语(看)和宾语(书)。谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词,要么是行为动词,要么是系动词,不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 宾语:指谓语动词所涉及的对象,由名、代、数,宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当,但人称代词要用 宾格。如:还说上例。谓语动词是“看”,看什么?看“书”,“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象,是“看”的宾语。需要说明的是:只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。宾语:1)动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. (名词)He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式)Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3)双宾语-----间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 表语:是和系动词紧密相连的。在述句中系动词后面的就是表语,这就是“主系表”结构。作表语的也是 名词性的词,也可以是从句。表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. (名词)Seventy-four! You don’t look it. (代词)Five and five is ten. (数词)He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词)The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) (常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来), look(看起来), feel(摸起来,smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来), remain(保持,仍是), feel(感觉)... It sounds a good idea. It sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.

(完整)初中英语句子成分讲解

初中英语句子成分讲解 一概述:句子成分 概念:组成句子的各个部分,即主语、谓语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语,主语和谓语是句子的主体部分。 主语:表示句子所说的是什么人或神秘物,一般由名词、代词或不定式,V-ing和从句充当。谓语:说明主语是什么,做什么或怎么样。由动词充当,主语和谓语在人称和数上必须保持一致。谓语动词存在多种时态,它是句子的核心。 表语:说明主语是说明或怎么样,由名词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、介词短语、句子等充当。 宾语:表示动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式、V-ing、从句充当,和及物动词一起说明主语做什么。 定语:用来修饰名词或代词。由形容词、代词、数词、介词短语、不定式、从句充当。单词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或句子作定语放在被修饰才之后。 状语:用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、条件、目的、方式、程度等等。通常由副词、介词短语、不定式或句子充当。(若在同一句子中出现多个不同状语,常见的4个的顺序为:方式状语、目的状语、地点状语、时间状语。) Eg.I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday 二详解 1.主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物。 1).名词 例如:A moon cake is a delicious, round cake. The first truck is carrying a few baskets. The temperature will stay above zero. The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully. China does not want to copy the USA’s example. 2).代词 例如:It’s a young forest. I don’t know if it will grow. That’s a bit expensive. You’d better buy a new pair. I’m afraid we haven’t got any black shoes. 3).数词 例如:One and two is three. One is not enough for me. I want one more. One of them is English. Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck. Two will be enough. 4).不定式(常以It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现) 例如:To give is better than to receive =Its better to give. I found it difficult to get to sleep.

(建议下载)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解及练习

英语句子成分 1.主语(subject): 句子说明的人或事物, 是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、 名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) 2.谓语(predicate): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 3.表语(predicative): 系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. The cake tastes delicious. He looks tired. He became mad after that. 系动词亦称联系动词(Link Verb),作为系动词,它本身有词义,但不能单独用作谓语,后边必须跟表语,构成系表结构说明主语 的状况、性质、特征等情况。 常见的系动词有: 1)状态系动词:be (am is are was were…) 2)持续系动词:keep, rest, remain, stay, stand, “保持” 3)表像系动词:seem, appear, look.. "看起来像" 4)感官系动词:feel, smell, sound, taste,

英语句子成分精讲(DOC)

VIP一对一个性化学科优化学案 学员姓名谢存龙年级初三科目英语 辅导教师陈小云备课时间4月3日授课时间4月9日 课题英语句子成分构成 教学 目标 重点 难点 教学过程 鹰击长空—基础不丢 英语句子成分详解 把英语作为一门外语来学,对其语法的学习将是一项长期的任务。一定要消除“任务”或“投机”心态。俗话说,兴趣是最好的老师,语法学习是一个长期积累、不断提高的过程,在“任务”的心态之下,语法学习容易变成一种被迫的行为,很难持之以恒;而在“投机”的心态之下,语法学习容易变成一种短期行为,试图在短期内一蹴而就反而会遭遇“欲速则不达”的困境。因此,在语法学习的过程中,要善于发掘或培养自身的兴趣,比如,不妨多看看适合自身水平的英语读物;听听英语歌曲,许多歌词本身就包含着某些语法规则;多写些英语句段等。总的来说,语法的学习应遵循以下两个基本原则: 第一、要记忆,但不要僵化 语法到底是不是一种“规则”?本人认为,语法是规则,但又不完全是规则。对于初学者而言,规则是要去遵守的,比如不同时态的构成形式,各类句式的构成要素等等,如果缺乏对规则的了解,面对零散的单词,是不可能建造起语言的大厦的。这也是为什么很多人面对长难句束手无策,想要表达自己的观点却搜肠刮肚写不出来的原因之一。从这个意义上说,语法是语言运用的规则。 第二、勤练习,能举一反三 语言的掌握和运用,熟能生巧是关键。正如“拳不离手,曲不离口”。语法的规则和理论需要在实践中巩固、消化,乃至举一反三。随着语法学习的深入和英语水平的不断提高,就会发现并不需要刻意去关注语法规则,这并不是说规则消失了,而是潜移默化成了一种思维模式,就像我们运用母语一样。从这个意义上说,语法不完全是规则。 英语的句子成分与汉语相比既有不少相似之处,更有一些较大的差异,它是构成英语语法的框架。要读懂复杂的句子、写出较有深度的句子,了解和掌握英语的句子成分是非常必要的。希望以上的观点对于同学们今后的英语学习有所帮助。 句子成分 概述 英语在其长期发展过程中形成了一种相对固定的句子结构:“主语+谓语”,这与汉语是相似的。“主语”是句子的话题,是信息传递的出发点;“谓语”是对话题所作的说明,是说话人说要传递的信息。试观察下列句子:

英语句子成分讲解(详细)

英语句子成分讲解 一、定义 1.词类: 名词(n.):表示人或事物的名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词;普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词;可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词;不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 动词(v.):表示动作或状态等。动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语,可分为两类,分别是:及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语,若要跟宾语,必须加上某个介词)。 形容词(adj.):用来修饰名词或代词。形容词用来修饰名词或代词,表示人或事物的性质、状态,和特征的程度好坏,与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing结尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。 副词(adv.):用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词,是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 介词(prep.):用在名词、代词等前面,表示与别的词的关系。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词,在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类,短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组,在句中作状语,表语,补语或介词宾语。介词分为:地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。 连词(conj.):用来连接词与词或句与句。连词是一种虚词,它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词,短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类:并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。 冠词(art.):用在名词前帮助说明其词义。冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后,在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词,分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。 代词(pron.):用来代替名词或数词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为:人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 数词(num.):用来表示数量或顺序。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词,序数词表示排列的顺序。 感叹词(int.):表示说话时的感情或口气。 2.句子成分: 主语:主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,主语一般由名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句、某些固定词组等来充当。 谓语:谓语在句子中说明主语的动作,具有的特征或所处的状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语(助动词/情态动词+主要动词)构成。 宾语:宾语是指一个动作的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类,其中直接宾语指该动作的直接对象,间接宾语说明动作是非直接的,但也是受该动作影响的对象。一般而言,及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语,而该宾语通常为直接宾语,有些及物动词要求两个宾语,则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语,另一个为间接宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来充当。 表语:表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句,它常位于系动词(be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词)之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句等来充当。

英语句子成分精讲

英语句子成分精讲精练 英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型,是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型列式如下: 一:SV(主+谓) 二:SVP(主+系+表) 三:SVO(主+谓+宾) 四:SVoO(主+谓+间宾+直宾) 五:SVOC(主+谓+宾+宾补) 基本句型:S V(主+谓) 主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家! 谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。不及物动词(vi.)没有宾语,形成主谓结构,如:We come. 此句型的句子有一个共同特点,即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词,后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。 S│V(不及物动词) 1.The sun│was shining.太阳在照耀着。 2.The moon│rose.月亮升起了。 3.The universe│remains.宇宙长存。 4.We all│breathe,eat,and drink.我们大家都呼吸、吃和喝。 5.Who│cares?管它呢? 6.What he said│does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。

7.They│talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。 8.The pen│writes smoothly这支笔书写流利。 基本句型二:S V P(主+系+表) 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点:句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思,必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语,才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。系动词分两类:be,look,keep,seem等属一类,表示情况;get,grow,become,turn等属另一类,表示变化。be本身没有什么意义,只起连系主语和表语的作用。其它系动词仍保持其部分词义。感官动词多可用作联系动词:look well/面色好,sound nice/听起来不错,feel good/感觉好,smell bad/难闻 S│V(是系动词)│P 1.This│is│an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。 2.The dinner│smells│good.午餐的气味很好。 3.He│fell│in love.他堕入了情网。 4.Everything│looks│different.一切看来都不同了。 5.He│is growing│tall and strong.他长得又高又壮 6.The trouble│is│that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。 7.Our well│has gone│dry.我们井干枯了。 8.His face│turned│red.他的脸红了。 There be结构:There be表示‘存在有’。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词‘there那里’混淆。此结构后跟名词,表示‘(存在)有某事物’。试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词‘那里’。

英语句子成分讲解

英语句子成分讲解 Grammar of Unit 1 Different parts of a sentence 概念 句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接和间接宾语)、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分(在英语中,一般句子必须有主语和谓语),表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类 1.主语 主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当,也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如:讲述“谁” 讲述“什么”

The classroom is very big. 数词作主语 Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语 To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语 What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中,主语的位置在中间。如:▲在 个别句型中,主语在整个句子后面,这时前面用it作形式主语。如: It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. 2.谓语

谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”,谓语必须是动词,谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如:He is very generous. He can speak German. 3.表语 表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当,它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语 Y 名词作表语 副词作表语介词短语作表语 They are at the theatre. 不定式作表语动名词作表语从句作表语’t e to school yesterday. 4.宾语

英语句子成分讲解

英语句子成分讲解 一、主语(subject):句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. (名词) He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式) What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 二、谓语(predicate):说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 We study English. He is asleep. 三、表语(predicative):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征。 He is a teacher. (名词) Five and five is ten. (数词) He is asleep. (形容词) His father is in. (副词) The picture is on the wall. (介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. (形容词化的分词) To wear a flower is to sa y “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. ” (不定式) The question is whether they will come. (表语从句) 常见的系动词有: be, sound(听起来),look(看起来),feel(摸起来),smell(闻起来), taste(尝、吃起来),remain(保持,仍是),feel(感觉) …. It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin. The food smells delicious. The food tastes good. The door remains open. Now I feel tired. 三、宾语: 1)动作的承受者——动宾 I like China. (名词) He hates you. (代词) How many do you need? We need two. (数词) We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. (动名词) I hope to see you again. (不定式) Did you write down what he said? (宾语从句) 2)介词后的名词、代词和动名词——介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3) 双宾语——间宾(指人)和直宾(指物) He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 四、宾补:对宾语的补充,全称为宾语补足语。 We elected him monitor. (名词) We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. (名) We will make them happy. (形容词) We found nobody in. (副词) Please make yourself at home. (介词短语) Don’t let him do that. (省to不定式) His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. (带to不定式) Don’t keep the lights burning. (现在分词) I’ll have my bike repaired. (过去分词) 五、定语:修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。 Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.(名词) He is our friend. (代词) We belong to the third world. (数词) He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.(形容词) The man over there is my old friend.(副词) The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词) The boys playing football are in Cla2. (现在分词) The trees planted last year are growing well now. (过去分词) I have an idea to do it well. (不定式)

英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解

、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解: (一)句子成分 1. 主语(subject ):句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east. (名词)He likes dancing. (代词) Twenty years is a short time in history.(数词) Seeing is believing. (动名词) To see is to believe. (不定式)What he needs is a book. (主语从句) It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. (It形式主语,主语从句是真正主语) 找岀下列句中的主语: Jane is good at playing the piano. (名词)She went out in a hurry. (代词)Four plus four is eight. (数词)To see is to believe. (不定式) Smoking is bad for health. (动名 词) The young should respect the old. (名词化的形容词)What he has said is true. (句子) 2.谓语(predicate ): 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orpha ns. 复合谓语:由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn ' t seem to like dancing. 找岀下列句中的谓语(注:只有动词才可作谓语。): 1. We love Chi na. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3. 表语(predicative ):系动词之后的成分,表示主语的性质、状态和特征

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