高中英语语法：定语从句知识点

高中英语语法：定语从句知识点

在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词，用作定语的从句叫做定语从句(attributive clause)。被定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词(antecedent)。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。引导定语从句的关联词有关系代词who、whom、whose、which、that 和关系副词when、where、why等。

一、关系代词和关系副词的功能

关系代词和关系副词功能有三个：

1）用来引导定语从句，在先行词和定语从句之间起纽带作用，使二者联系起来。2）关系代词和关系副词可作定语从句的一个成分。关系代词可作主语、宾语、定语；关系副词可作状语。

3）关系代词和关系副词在从句中代替在他前面的先行词。

1、作主语

关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句的谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需要的是大量的油。（引导词that在句中作主语）

The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada. 昨天到我班来访的外国人来自加拿大。（引导词who在句中作主语）

2、作宾语

在定语从句里作宾语的关系代词在口语中常被省去

The noodles (that) I cooked were delicious. 我煮的面条美味可口。（引导词that，可省略）

The fish (which) we bought wes not fresh. 我们买的鱼不新鲜。（引导词which，可省略）

3、作定语

关系代词whose在定语从句中作定语用。

This is the boy whose mother is our Chinese teacher. 这就是那个男孩，他母亲是我们的语文老师。

注意：关系代词whose在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语时，可以跟介词放在主语和从句之间。

The boss in whose company Mr. Kang worked called at the hospital. 老板到医院拜访了康先生，康先生在他的公司里工作。

4、作状语

关系副词where, when和why在定语从句中分别作地点状语、时间状语和原因状语。

I'll never forget the time when we worked on the farm. 我将永远不会忘记我们在

The factory where his father works is in the west of the city. 他父亲工作的那个工厂在城市的西部。

This is the reason why he came late. 这就是他来晚的理由。

That和those可作定语从句的先行词，但this和these不能，同时，在作先行词时，只有those可指人，试比较：

(对) He admired that which looked beautiful.

他赞赏外表漂亮的东西。

(对) He admired those who looked beautiful.

他赞赏那些外表漂亮的人。（those指人）

(错) He admired that who danced well.

（that作宾语时不能指人）

(对) He admired those who danced well.

他赞赏跳舞好的人。（those指人）

(对) He admired those which looked beautiful.

他赞赏那些外表漂亮的东西。（those指物）

二、关系代词的用法work

英语中的关系代词有who，whom，whose，which，that和as。它们的用法如下：1、who，whom的用法

who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。

In the beginning, people who bought the tomato often got angry. 起初，买到西红柿的人常常会生气。(作主语)

The person (whom) you should write to is Mr. Ball. 你应该给他写信的人是波尔先生。(whom作宾语能省略)

His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in 1818. 他很爱你的母亲，她于1818年去世了。（whom引导非限制性定语从句，作宾语但不能省略）

2、whose的用法

whose 指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。

I have a friend whose father is a mayor. 我有个朋友，他父亲是市长。

We lived in a house whose window faces south. 我们住在窗口朝南的房子里。3、which 的用法

which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。

They needed a plant which didn't need as much water as rice.他们需要一种不像水

It is used to record the tickets (which) passengers buy.它用来记录乘客所购买的车票。(作宾语，可以省略)

He came late, which we all know. 我们都知道，他来晚了。（作宾语，在非限制性定语从句中不省略）

4、that 的用法

that 多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语或宾语，指物时其用法和which 大致相同，但也有区别。

All the people that come from the country work much harder. 所有来自农村的人工作都更努力。（that指人，在从句中作主语，不能省略）

She is the only person(that) I can trust. 她是我唯一可以依赖的人。（that指人，在从句中作宾语，可以省略）

5、关系代词that和which的区别

（1)相同点

这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。

The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语)

The film that(which) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)

（2）用that，不用which的情况

①当先行词是不定代词all, one, few, little, everything, nothing,any, anything, little 等不定代词或被它们修饰时。

Is there anything that I can do for you?

有什么要我做的事吗?

He answered few questions that the teacher asked.

他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。

②当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。

This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。

③当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。

That’s the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。

Those are the very words that he used.那就是他的原话。

④当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。

They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory.他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。

China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。

⑥当要避免与疑问词which重复时。

Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的?

⑦当先行词为the way, the time, the period等时，关系代词常用that，但通常被省略。

I don't like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。

（3）用which，不用that的情况

①引导非限制性定语从句。

Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。

②直接放在介词后作宾语时。

Language is the most important tool without which people can't communicate with each other.语言是最重要的工具，没有它，人们便无法交流。

教你巧学巧记：that和which的区别：

that，which可互换，下列情况勿照办；that情况比较多，不妨对你说一说；不定代词这路货，全用that准没错；先行词前被限制，千万不要用which；要用which别着急，介词提前逗隔离。

6、关系代词who与that的区别

（1）当先行词是he、people、those，elder等时，引导词常用who。

He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man. 不到长城非好汉。Those who are for me, put up your hands. 同意我的人请举手。

（2）当引导词作定语从句的表语时常用that。

She isn't the little girl that she used to be. 她再也不是过去的那个小姑娘了。

He is the man that I asked for help yesterday.他就是我昨天求助的人。

7、as的用法

（1）as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such...as或the same...as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。

Many of the sports were the same as they are now.过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。(作表语)

Don’t read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand.不要读那些不值得读的书，只去读那些你能读懂的书就可以了。

He lent me as much money as he had.她把所有的钱借给了我。

（2）such…that…与such…as

“such…that…”表示“如此……以致……”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such…as…”表“像……这样的……”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as

He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他。

He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的这种诚实的人。

（3）the same…that…与the same as

“the same…that…”表同一人或物，而“the same…as…”表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：

This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失那本书。（指同一本书）

This is the same book as I lost.这本书跟我丢失那本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）

（4）as 引导非限制性定语从句

as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，可以用来代替一个句子或单词，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。

The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.

As is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.

三、关系副词

英语中的关系副词有where，when，why等。

1、when的用法

when指时间，修饰表时间的先行词，在定语从何中作时间状语。

July and August are the months when the weather is hot. 七八月是天气很热的月份。

2、where的用法

where指地点，修饰表地点的先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语。

She will go home where she can rest. 她要回家了，在家里她可以休息。

注意：先行词为表示时间、地点的名词时，关系词不一定都用when或where。如果关系词在定语从句中作主语或宾语，就要用关系代词whch或that。

This is the factory that/which we visited last year.这是我们去年参观的那家工厂。

I won't forget the time that we spent in the countryside.我永远不会忘记我在农村度过的那段时光。

3、why的用法

why指原因，修饰名词reason，在定语从句中作原因状语。

This is the reason why he did so. 这就是他这样做了的理由。

Do you know the reason why he left early?你知道他为什么早走吗？

定语从句用法巧记顺口溜：

主句型，从句型，两种句子要完整；从句紧靠先行词，系词引导要弄清；定人用who或whom，定物which当先用；关系代词有that，定人定物有本领；定

四、“介词＋关系代词”用法

“介词+关系代词”的结构是一较为复杂的问题，初学英语者对此往往感到棘手。因此，下面仅就几种常见的“介词+关系代词”的结构浅析如下。

1、介词+which在定语从句中分别作时间、地点和原因状语

介词+which在关系分句中分别作时间，地点和原因状语，代替相应的关系副词when，where和why。

I still remember the day on which (=when)I first came to school.我仍然记得初来学校的那一天。

The factory in which (=where) I work is a large one.我工作的工厂是一个大厂子。This is the reason for which(=why)he was put in prison.这就是他为什么被关起来的原因。

2、介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)在定语从句中作地点状语

介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)在关系分句中作地点状语，表示存在关系，关系分句主谓常须倒置。

They arrived at a farm house in front of which sat a small boy.他们来到一处农舍，前边坐着一个小孩。

I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.我看见一个人，他的头上站着一只鸟。

3、不定代词或数词+of+which(指物)/whom(指人)，在定语从句中作主语

不定代词或数词+of+which(指物)/whom(指人)，在关系分句中作主语，说明整体中的部分。

China has a lot of islands, one of which is Taiwan.中国有许多岛屿，其中之一是台湾。

There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.这里有许多学生，他们之中无人喜欢这个电影。

4、介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)，在关系分句中作目的、方式或地点状语

这种结构中的介词一般受动词或介词后的名词所制约。

Could you tell me for whom you've bought this coat?你能告诉我这件衣服是给谁买的吗?

5、介词+which(指物)/whom(指人)，用于被动结构的关系分句中，作状语，说明动作的发出者。

The wolf by which the sheep was killed was shot. 伤害羊的那只狼被打死了。

The man by whom the wolf was shot was a good hunter. 打死狼的那人是一个好猎手。

6、名词+of which，代替whose+名词，在关系分句中作定语。

见一些树，它们的叶子因生病而发黑。

He mentioned a book, the title of which (=whose title )I've forgotten.他提到一本书，书的名我忘了。

7、介词+which(指物)/whose(指人)，修饰后边的名词。

The driver was the man from whose room she had stolen the maps.司机就是她从他的房间偷走地图的那个人。

比较：介词+which+不定式。此种用法多见于正式文体中，相当于一个带有主语和谓语的定语从句。

She had only 1.87 with which to buy(=she could buy)Jim, her husband, a present.她只有一元八角七分钱，用这些钱给他的丈夫吉姆买一件礼物。

At last he had something about which to write (=he could write) home. 他终于有给家写信的内容了。

五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句

1、限制性定语从句

定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。限制性定语从句为先行词不可缺少的定语。如果将这种定语从句省去，主句的意思就会不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。

She has found the necklace that she lost 2 years ago. 她找到了两年前丢失的项链。(限制性定语从句)

This is the man who came to see you yesterday.这就是昨天来看你的那个人。(限制性定语从句)

It happened at the time when I left the office. 这件事发生在我离开办公室的时候。

2、非限制性定语从句

非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词作附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that来引导。

Yesterday, I met Li Ping, who seemed to be busy. 昨天我遇见了李平，他好像很忙。(非限制性定语从句)

In Britain, which has a population of 55. 8 million, 110,000 people die from smoking each year. 英国有5580万人口，每年有11万人口死于吸烟。(非限制性定语从句)

Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14, 1865 at a theatre in Washington, D. C. 领导美国人民经历了这些年的亚伯拉罕·林肯1865年4月14日在华盛顿的一家戏院被枪杀。(非限制性定语从句) 3、限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别

非限制性定语从句在书写时往往用逗号和主句分开，而限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句分开。

Last night I saw a very good film，which was about the Long March.

The man whom I met in the street was a driver.

（2）可否省略的不同

限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义，而非限制性定语从句是对先行词作的附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。

I was the only person in my office who was invited.

They set up a state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves. （3）关系代词的不同

非限制性定语从句不能用that代替who，whom和which，并且关系代词在非限制性定语从句中作宾语时也不能省略，但在限制性定语从句中却恰恰相反。如: This is the best film (that) I have ever seen.

She sang a new song, which we liked very much.

（4）翻译方式不同

限制性定语从句往往译在先行词之前，而非限制性定语从句往往译为一个并列的句子。

She is the nurse who looks after the children.她就是照料这些孩子的阿姨。

This note was left by Xiao Wu, who was here a moment ago.这个条子是小吴留的，她刚才到这儿来过。

比较:

He has a brother, who lives in Beijing. (有一个哥哥。)

He has a brother who lives in Beijing. (可能有几个哥哥，其中一个是住在北京的。)

4、as与which在非限制性定语从句中的用法区别

as和which作为关系代词都可以用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句所表达的内容，在从句中作主语或宾语，但它们在用法上是有区别的，这一点许多学生往往搞不清楚。现就它们引导非限制性定语从句时的用法简述如下：（1）相同之处

当从句位于主句之后，引导词指代整个主句所表达的全部意义时，as和which 可以互换。

The elephant is like a snake, as/which everybody can see.热和人都看得出，这头大象像条蛇。

He is an Englishman, as/which I know from his accent.他是一个英国人，那时我从他的口音上知道的。

①as引导非限制性定语从句时，位置比较灵活，可位于主句之前，也可位于主句之中或之后，而which引导非限制性定语从句只能位于主句之后，不能谓语主句之前。

Robert is good at languages, as we all know. 罗伯特擅长学语言，这我们都知道。As is known to all, China will be an advanced and powerful country in 20 or 30 years’time. 都知道,再过二十到三十年，中国将成为一个强大先进的国家。Air, as we know, is a gas. 我们知道，空气是一种气体。

注意：as引导非限制性定语从句常有“如同……那样”的含义，因此在一些固定结构如as we know/as is known to all(众所周知),as we all can see(正如我们大家都能看到的那样),as has been said before/above(正如前文所述),as has been pointed out(正如所指出的那样),as might be imagined(可以想象得到),as might be expected(正如所预料的那样),as is often the case(情况常常是这样)等中，一般不能用which代替as。

②搭配上，在由the same或such所修饰的名词后通常用as作关系代词引出限制性定语从句。

I have got into the same trouble as he (has).我遇到了与他一样的麻烦。

I've never heard of such a moving story as he is telling.我从未听过像他讲得那么有趣的故事。

③which引导的从句在意义上相当于一个并列句，可以用and this代替，意思是“这件事”；as引导的从句主要起连接上下文的作用，表达说话人的观点、看法，并指出主句内容的根据或出处等。例如：

He sold his bicycle, which surprised me. (=He sold his bicycle, and this surprised me.)他把自行车卖了,这使我感到奇怪。

As is known to all, China is the country with largest population in the world. 众所周知，中国是世界上人口最多的国家。

④当which在从句中指代的是先行词本身而不是主句时，不可用as代替which。The apple tree, which I planted last year, has not borne any fruit.这棵苹果树是我去年种下的，还没有结出任何果实。

The book, which I bought yesterday, is very instructive.我昨天买的那本书很有教育意义。

⑤在从句中作主语时，which既可作系动词be的主语，也可作实义动词的主语，而as只可作系动词be的主语。

He married her, which was natural. (可用as代替which)他和她结婚了，这是很自然的事。

He saw the girl, which delighted him. (不可用as代替which)他见到了那个女孩，

He was late for class again, which made the teacher very angry. (不可用as代替which)他上课又迟到了，这使老师很生气。

⑥as引导的从句在意义上不可与主语相悖，而which引导的从句则不受此限制。例如：

Mummy treats me like a baby, which I can't bear.妈妈把我当小孩看待，这使我不能忍受的。

The result of the experiment was very good, which we hadn't expected.试验结果很好，这是我们没预料到的。

The weather turned out to be very good, which was more than we could expect.天气证明很好，这我们没预料到。

六、特殊的先行词

1、当先行词是way意为：方式、方法，时引导定语从句的关系词有三种情况：1）in which 2)that 3)不填。

Tell me the way （不填；in which; that）you came here.告诉我你是怎么来的。2、当先行词是time意为：次数，时引导定语从句的关系词有两种情况：1）不填2)that。

This is the first time I have been here.这是我第一次来这里。

3、当先行词是one of+复数名词时，定语从句的谓语动词用复数。

He is one of the students who were praised yesterday.他是昨天受到表扬的学生之一。

4、当先行词是the (only) one of+复数名词时，定语从句的谓语动词用单数。

He is the only one of the students who was praised yesterday.他是昨天唯一受到表扬的学生。

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总

定语从句专项知识点总结汇总 - 定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。 被修饰的名词，词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as。 关系副词有：when, where, why, how。 关系代词和关系副词放在先行词和定语从句之间，起连接作用，同时又可做定语从句的一个成分。当关系代词做宾语时可以省略。 定语从句中的谓语动词必须在人称上和数量上和先行词保持一致。 定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1 关系代词引导的定语从句 1) who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下：

Is he the man who/that wants to see you? (who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday. (whom/that在从句中作宾语) 2) whose 用来指人或物，(只用作定语，若指物，它还可以同of which互换). 例如： Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 3) which, that 它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等. 例如： A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. (which / that在句中作宾语) The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. (which / that在句中作宾语) 关系代词that和which 都可以指物，that 和Who 都可以指人，其用法区别：

【初中英语】定语从句知识点总结

【初中英语】定语从句知识点总结 一、定语从句 1．This is the most beautiful picture __________ I have ever seen. A．that B．which C．what D．who 【答案】A 【解析】 句意：这是我见过的最漂亮的画。考查定语从句。先行词被最高级修饰时，引导词应用that。 结合句意和语境可知选A。 点睛：限制性定语从句中只能用that 引导定语从句的几种情况： 当先行词是everything, anything, nothing （something 除外）, all, none, few, little, some等不定代词时，或当先行词受every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等词修饰时。如： Have you set down everything that Mr Li said? There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可用关系代词who。如： Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing. 任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。 All the guests that / who were invited to her wedding were important people. 所有被邀请参加婚礼的 客人都是重要人物。2. 当先行词被序数词修饰时。如：The first American movie that I watched was the Titanic. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如： This is the best museum that I have visited all my life. 4. 当先行词被the very, the only, the first / last等修饰时。如：She is the only person that understands me. 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用关系代词who。如： Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting. 5. 当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时。如：Who is the man that is standing in front of the crowd? 站在人群前 面的那个人是谁？Which is the room that Mr Wang lives in? 哪一间是王先生住的房间？ 当先行词人与物时。如：Look at the man and his donkey that are walking up the street. 当先行词是reason, way（方法）等词时，关系代词常用that代替in which, for which, why, 也常可省略。如：She admired the way （that） they solved the questions. 2．Mr.Brown is a teacher is strict with all is students. A．which B．who C．where 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 句意“布朗是一个对所有的学生都严格的老师”。 本题考查定语从句。A.指物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B.指人，在从句中作主语或宾语；C.表示地方，在从句中作地点状语。本句话中先行词为a teacher，指人，在从句中作主语，故选B。 【点睛】 做定语从句的题时，可先将先行词还原到句中。其次选择关系词，要先看先行词指人、指

高中英语语法最重要知识汇总

按：本套资料省去了名词、代词、形容词等部分，保留了最最核心的句型和动词。希望能有所帮助。 第一章名词性从句 在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。 一．主语从句 主语从句是在复合句中充当主语的从句，通常放在主句谓语动词之前或由形式主语it代替，而本身放在句子末尾。 1. It作形式主语和it引导强调句的比较 It作形式主语代替主语从句，主要是为了平衡句子结构，主语从句的连接词没有变化。而it引导的强调句则是对句子某一部分进行强调，无论强调的是什么成分，都可用连词that。被强调部分指人时也可用who/whom。例如： a) It is a pity that you didn’t go to see the film. 你不去看那场电影真可惜。 - b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.我对你成功与否不感兴趣。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.谋杀案是在早上发生的。（强调句型） d) It is John that broke the window.是John打碎的窗户。（强调句型） 2. 用it作形式主语的结构 (1) It is ＋名词＋从句 It is a fact that …; It is an honor that…; It is common knowledge that… (2) It is ＋形容词＋从句 It is natural that…It is strange that… . (3) It is ＋不及物动词＋从句 It seems that…It happened that…It appears that… (4) It ＋过去分词＋从句 It is reported that…It has been proved that…It is said that… 3. 主语从句不可位于句首的五种情况： （1）if引导的主语从句不可居于复合句句首。 （2）It is said /reported…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It is said that President Jiang will visit our school next week. ( 错误表达：That President Jiang will visit our school next week is said. （3）It happens/occurs…结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 错误表达：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …结构中的主语从句不可提前。例如： 正确表达：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 错误表达：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主语从句的复合句是疑问句时，主语从句不可提前。例如： ； 正确表达：Is it likely that it will rain in the evening 错误表达：Is that will rain in the evening likely 4. what 与that 在引导主语从句时的区别 what 引导主语从句时在句时在从句中充当句子成分，如主语．宾语．表语，而that 则不然。例如：

高中英语定语从句知识点及练习复习过程

高中英语定语从句知识点及练习

高中英语---定语从句 一定义及相关术语 1．定语从句：修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的词之后。 2．先行词：被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。 3．关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等；关系副词有when, where, why等关系词在定语从句中有三大作用 1. 连接作用——连接先行词和定语从句。 2. 替代作用——在定语从句中替代从句所修饰的先行词。 3. 成分作用——在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语或状语。 The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 二关系代词引导的定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, that等。它们分别代替前面的先行词，并在定语从句中作主语、宾语或定语。 1. who 指人，在定语从句中作主语。 That is the teacher who teaches us physics. 2. whom 指人，在定语从句中做宾语，可省略，在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替。 Li Ming is just the boy (whom) I want to see. 3. which 指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略。 Football is a game which is liked by most boys.

4. that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which.。在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door. Where is the man (that/whom) I saw this morning? 、 The season that/which comes after spring is summer. The dress (that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well. 5. whose 指人、物皆可，与后面的名词有所属关系，在定语从句中做定语。 I visited a scientist whose name is known all over the country. 注意：指物时，常用以下结构来代替： The house whose windows are broken is empty. =The house the windows of which are broken is empty. Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? =Do you like the book the cover of which is yellow? 三“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句 关系代词在从句中作介词宾语时，可以跟介词一起放在从句与主句之间（that, who不可以），也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面，使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的先行词。 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous. =The school in which he once studied is very famous. This is the boy (whom/who/that) I played tennis with yesterday. =This is the boy with whom I played tennis with yesterday. 注意：1. 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 2. 介词后的关系代词不可用that和who，若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom指物时只可用which；关系代词是所有格时用whose。

高中英语定语从句知识点归纳

定语从句的连接词不可以用what． 关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等； 关系副词有where, when, why等。 二.关系代词引导的定语从句 指人，在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One. … (2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way. 2. whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。 (1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus. (2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see. 注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend. / 3. which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. (2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. 4. that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million. (6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning @ 5. whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语 (1) He has a friend whose father is a doctor. (2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in. whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired. (4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired. (5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow (6) Do you like the book the color of which is yellow ^ 三.介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，从句常由介词+关系代词引导 (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous. (2) The school in which he once studied is very famous. (3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for. (4) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine for which you asked. (5) We”ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/wh o) we have often talked about. "

(完整版)高中英语语法知识思维导图

什么是语法？ +表语 +宾语 +间接宾语+直接宾语 +宾语+宾语补足语 to/-ing s not

一般现在时vs.一般过去时

一般将来时 将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的 动作或存在的状态，也表示将来经 常或者重复发生的动作，常与表示 将来的时间副词连用，例如：soon, next week, this afternoon, tomorrow We will graduate next year. 我们明年毕业。

进行时(1) (V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing) 现在分词(V+ing)?

进行时(2)

完成时(1) Part1 完成时的句型构成 1-1 陈述句型：S+has/have+过去分词(p.p.) I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业) 1-2 否定句型：S+has/have+not+过去分词(p.p.) Sandy has been a nurse in this hospital for 15 years.(珊蒂已经在这家医院担任护士长达15年了。) 1-3 疑问句型：Has/Have+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Have you ever seen Peter in past 3 months?(过去3个月内，你看见过彼吗？) 2-1 陈述句型：S+had+过去分词(p.p.) This proposal had been deliverde by Eva before Aaron finished it. (这个计划在艾伦完成以前，伊娃就已经提交出去了) 2-2 否定句型：S+had+not+过去分词(p.p.) I had not finished my work when he visited me last week.(上周他来拜访我以前，我还没有完成工作。) 2-3 疑问句型：Had+s+过去分词(p.p.)? Had you ever been to a blind date before you married?(你结婚以前曾经参加相亲吗？) 3-1 陈述句型：S+shall/will+have+过去分词(p.p.) They wll have finished the meeting by now. (他们现在应该已经开完会了) 3-2 否定句型：S+shall/will+have+not+过去分词(p.p.) We will have not made 10 apple pies by the end of today.(我们在今天结束之前不能做完10个苹果派。) 3-3 疑问句型： Shall/Will+ s+have+过去分词(p.p.)? Will they have already left by the time we get there?(我们到的时候，他们会不会已经离开了？ )

定语从句最全面的知识点整理

定语从句整理 定语从句分为限定性和非限定性 1.定语从句修饰先行词 2.关系代词：that, who, whom, whose, which, as 关系副词：where, when, why 3.关系词在句中的作用1. 引导定语从句 2. 代替先行词3.在定语从句中担当一个成分 4.关系代词在从句中做主语或者宾语； 5.关系副词做状语，相当于：介词+which。 when是时间状语，where是地点状语，一些特殊先行词后面也用where，比如 point, situation, part, condition,case 表示到了某种地步，某种程度也用where. * where和when都可以换成介词+which，但是不是所有介词+which都可以换成where或者when。 *不是所有介词都可以放在which或者whom前面，一些动词短语比如：look for, look after，take care of turn in, pay attention to, depend on, listen to就不能拆开使用，且介词后面不能用who或者that 关于关系词的省略 1)who, whom, that, which, 做宾语时可省。 2)that做表语可省 be动词后 3)that做宾补可省 4)*关系副词when在time, year, day后面可省，也可换成that,但不 普遍 5)*关系副词where在place, 和anywhere, somewhere这种--where 的后面时候可以省略，也可换成that但不普遍 6)*关系副词why放在the reason后面，即可换成 for which, that 又可省略，此较普遍。但放在a reason后面可省，但貌似不可以换成that 7)the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 关于that 可以用that的情况； that 在定语从句中的功能非常多 1.可以代词关系代词 who, whom, which, 既可以做主语又可以做宾语，做宾语时可以省略；限从中可以说遇到关系代词就可以换成that， whose除外，因为whose的名词所有格（。。。的）whose= of which 2.关系副词why修饰the reason可换成that,也可省。 Notice:见到the reason不一定非要选why, 做宾语时候选which/that, 也可省。 3.that在某些特殊情况下代替 where， when但不普遍。 4.the way后面可以用in which, that 也可省略 必须用that的情况 (做宾语依旧可省） 1.先行词是不定代词 everything, anything, nothing, 等不定代词 *不含something 2.先行词被every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等限定词修饰 3.先行词被序数词修饰 the first, the second..... 4.先行词被最高级修饰 the best, the most 5.先行词被the very, the most修饰时

定语从句语法知识点基本汇总

定语从句 一、that引导的定语从句 1. that指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which。 在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略。 He is the man that/who lives next door.他就是住在隔壁的那个人。 Where is the man(that/whom) I saw this morning? 我今天早上看到的那个人在哪儿？The person (that/whom) you introduced to me is very kind. 你介绍给我的那个人很友好。The season that/which comes after spring is summer.春天之后的季节是夏季。 I don’t like stories that/which have unhappy endings. 我不喜欢结尾悲伤的故事。 The dress(that/which) Ann bought doesn’t fit her very well.安买的衣服不太合身。 2.限制性定语从句中只能用that引导定语从句的情况 （1）当先行词为all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, few, some, the one等词时。 Everything that he said was true. 他所说的一切都是真的。 There seems to be nothing that is impossible to him in the world. 对他来说似乎世界上没有什么不可能的事。 Is there anything that I can do for you? 有我能为你效劳的事吗？ That’s all that I know. 我知道的就这么多。 （2）当先行词被the very（恰恰,正好）the only, any, few, little, no, all修饰时。 This is the very grammar book (that) I want to buy. 这正是我要买的语法书。 The only thing that is constant is change. 唯一不变的是变化。 There was little that we could do to help her. 我们没有什么能帮助她的。 （3）当先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。 This is the best that has been used against pollution.这是曾经用过的最好的抗污染的办法。This is the most interesting film that I've ever seen. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 （4）当先行词是first，last，next等序数词或被序数词修饰时。 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 在伦敦他们参观的第一个地方是大本钟。 What is the first American film that you have seen? 你看过的第一部美国电影是什么？（5）当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时。 Who that has common sense will believe such nonsense? 有常识的人谁会相信这种无聊的

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总

江苏高考英语语法专题复习知识点汇总 一、冠词The Article 知识要点： 冠词是一种虚词，放在名词的前面，帮助说明名词的含义。冠词分不定冠词（The Indefinite Article）和定冠词（The definite Article）两种。a (an) 是不定冠词，a用在辅音之前：如a book, a man; an用在元音之前，如：an old man, an hour, an interesting book等。the是定冠词。 一、不定冠词的用法 1、指人或事物的某一种类（泛指）。这是不定冠词a (an)的基本用法。如：She is a girl. I am a teacher. Please pass me an apple. 2、指某人或某物，但不具体说明何人或何物。如：He borrowed a story-book from the library. A Li is looking for you. 一位姓李的同志正在找你。 3、表示数量，有“一”的意思，但数的概念没有one强烈。如： I have a mouth, a nose and two eyes. 4、用于某些固定词组中。如： a bit, a few, a little, a lot of, a piece of, a cup of, a glass of, a pile of, a pair of, have a good time, for a while, for a long time等。 5、用在抽象名词前，表具体的介绍——a + 抽象名词，起具体化的作用。如： This little girl is a joy to her parents. 这女孩对她父母来说是一个乐趣。 It is a pleasure to talk with you. 跟您交谈真是一件愉快的事情。 It is an honour to me to attend the meeting. 参加这个会，对我来说是一种荣誉。 二、定冠词的用法： 1、特指某（些）人或某（些）事物。这是定冠词the的基本用法。如： Beijing is the capital of China. The pen on the desk is mine. 2、指谈话双方都知道的人或事物。如： Where is the teacher? Open the window, please. 3、指上文提过的人或事物（第二次出现）。如： There was a chair by the window. On the chair sat a young woman with a baby in her arms. The baby was thin. 4、用在世界上独一无二的事物前。如：

高考英语定语从句知识点知识点

高考英语定语从句知识点知识点 一、选择题 1．Car races are recorded and uploaded to YouTube and other video platforms, ______________ they can be viewed repeatedly. A．which B．where C．when D．there 2．Until now, we have raised 100,000 pounds for the poor children, ___________ is quite unexpected. A．that B．which C．who D．it 3．Optimism is the essential ingredient of top performers,__________we assume separates the high achievers from the rest. A．as B．who C．which D．that 4．The past decades have witnessed China’s many scientific achieve ments, _____ the development of Shenwei supercomputers is a typical example. A．to which B．for which C．at which D．of which 5．John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of are family members. A．them B．that C．which D．whom 6．The president of Harvard pioneered the elective system______ students were able to choose their own courses of study. A．on which B．about which C．to which D．by which 7．5G is an exciting mobile technology, ________ will give a massive boost to smart cities and vehicles. A．where B．when C．that D．which 8．—How did you find your way here？ —It was by following the travel brochure _____ the route is clearly clarified. A．that B．how C．where D．which 9．My brother bought a telescope, ______ he could study the star in the night sky. A．of which B．through which C．in which D．on which 10．The beautiful dress _______ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A．that B．which C．in which D．wearing which 11．We came to a place ______ they had never paid a visit before. A．in which B．to which C．what D．which 12．She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students ________ allows them to communicate freely with each other. A．which B．where C．what D．who 13．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 14．We won’t forget the heroes ________ lost their lives while fighting against a forest fire. A．who B．whose C．when D．why

高中英语语法知识点总结

高中英语语法知识点总结 一、定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解 1、The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains、 A、 which was B、 it was C、 which were D、 them were 【陷阱】 容易误选A或B，将 A、B中的 which 和 it 误认为是其后句子的主语。 【分析】 最佳答案是C，around which were high mountains 是一个由“介词+which”引出的非限制性定语从句，而在该从句中，主语是 high mountains，around which 是表语，所以句子谓语应用复数were，而不是用单数 was。请做以下类例题目（答案均为C）：(1) Yesterday we visited a modern hospital, around _________ some fruit shops、 A、 which is B、 it is

C、 which are D、 them are(2) The murder happened in an old building, beside _________ the city police station、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are(3) Next month we’ll move to a new building, next to _________ a nice restaurants where we can have Chinese food、 A、 which are B、 it is C、 which is D、 them are 2、 A man with a bleeding hand hurried in and asked, “Is there a hospital around _________ I can get some medicine for my wounded hand?” A、 that B、 which C、 where D、 what

高中定语从句知识点汇总

高中定语从句知识点汇 总 标准化工作室编码[XX968T-XX89628-XJ668-XT689N]

定语从句知识点汇总 一、先行词 二、关系词 1.关系代词： 2.关系副词： 三、分类 1.限制性定语从句：对先行词有限制，区分的作用，并与先行词有着不可分割的关系，不能省略 2.非限制性定语从句：对先行词起补充说明的作用，可省略不会影响主句的意思，与主句用逗号隔开 有些既可以做限制性，又可以做非限制性的定语从句，其含义不同 There are 20 students in this class who are from the north of China. There are 20 students in this class,who are from the north of China. 5.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句 四、关系词的用法 ,that which指物，在从句中作主语，宾语 that指人或物，指人可与who，whom互换；指物可与which互换 ,whom 从句中的介词提到关系代词词前，whom作宾语，不能用who代替 In our class there are 46 students, of whom half wear glasses. 先行词为指人的one,ones,anyone或those时，关系代词用who；双重定语从句中一个定语从句的关系代词是that，另一个指人的关系代词用who。 3.whose 表示“……的”。可指人或物。用来指物时， whose+名词=限定词+名词+of which=of which+限定词+名词 The house whose windows face south is ours.

高考英语定语从句知识点知识点训练附答案(4)

高考英语定语从句知识点知识点训练附答案(4) 一、选择题 1．_____ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. A．Which B．When C．What D．As 2．—How did you find your way here？ —It was by following the travel brochure _____ the route is clearly clarified. A．that B．how C．where D．which 3．Liberty, equality, and fraternity are the ideals _______ human beings have been fighting. A．to which B．against which C．with which D．for which 4．Companies should understand the risks _______ they are exposed and monitor their control environments adequately. A．on which B．in which C．to which D．with which 5．The students in Shanghai are using the same textbooks _______ we are now using. A．as B．that C．which D．whose 6．The beautiful dress _______ Miss Jones went to the ball was borrowed from a friend of hers. A．that B．which C．in which D．wearing which 7．She's always suggesting ways ______ I can improve my cooking. I know she means well but this really annoys me. A．that B．which C．how D．when 8．I saw a man shouting at a driver, ________ the car is blocking the street. A．whose B．of whom C．of which D．whom 9．You were really between a rock and a hard place ______ you had to choose between your career and your relationship. A．when B．where C．before D．until 10．Car races are recorded and uploaded to YouTube and other video platforms, ______________ they can be viewed repeatedly. A．which B．where C．when D．there 11．We have entered an age _________ dreams have the best chance of coming true. A．which B．that C．when D．how 12．Try to be a responsible school by not allowing anyone to attend class, ________ has had a fever. A．who B．which C．as D．that 13．The growth of economy is influenced by a number of factors, ________are beyond our control. A．most of them B．most of that C．most of what D．most of which 14．The other two areas ________ the two varieties differ are spelling and pronunciation. A．in that B．from which C．with which D．in which 15．The book has helped me greatly in my daily communication, especially at work ________ a good impression is a must. A．which B．when C．as D．where 16．—Where was the experiment carried out?