非谓语动词最完整版
非谓语动词
一、非谓语动词的概念
动词的基本用法是作谓语。当句中已经有了谓语动词了，要选或要填的动词就只能用非谓语形式了。
二、非谓语形式的三种形式及基本用法：
1、动词不定式：to do 表示目的和将来
2、动词的ing : doing 表示主动和进行
3、动词的过去分词：done 表示被动和完成
非谓语动词（一）——动词不定式
一、不定式（to do）
不定式由“to+动词原形”构成，其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”。不定式可以带宾语或状语构成不定式短语，没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、宾语、状语、表语和定语，但不能单独作谓语。
不定式运用口诀：
本领最多不定式，主，表，宾，补，定和状，样样成分都能干，只有谓语它不敢，大家千万要当心，有时它把句型改，做主宾时用“it”，自己在后把身藏，七个感官三使役，宾补要把to甩开，疑问词后接上它，宾语从句可充当，逻辑主语不定式，不定式前for sb，to前not 是否定，各种用法区别开。
1. I am sorry to ________ you so much trouble. （2008 江苏）
A. have given
B. have been given
C. give
D. giving
答案：A
简析：be sorry to have done sth 意为“已经干了某事而遗憾”，to have done是不定式的完成形式，表示先于谓语动词的动作。B，被动形式，不合题意。
变式训练：
2.The promising young man is said to ______ two novels.
A. have written
B. have been written
C. write
D. writing (A)
2.不定式的句法功能
1）作主语：（谓语动词一般用单数）
To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.在十分钟内完成这项工作很难。
动词不定式短语作主语时，常用it作形式主语，例如上面一句可用如下形式：
It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.
练习：
1. ______( die ) for people is a glorious thing.
2. ______( talk ) with him is a great pleasure.
3. ______( see ) is to believe.
4._____________________ (beat) in the home match was a disgrace to them..
5. 在一个小时之内记住所有这些单词是不容易的。（翻译成英文）
6.It is important ________ to turn off the light when you leave the room.
A. remember B . to remember C. of remembering D. remembering
不定式的复合结构：for / of sb. to do sth.
It's for sb.和It's of sb.
这样的句子中，由于表语形容词性质的不同，导致了不定式逻辑主语标志用for或of的区别。1）for sb. 句型中的形容词一般为表示事物的特征特点，表示客观形式的形容词，如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible等：
例如：
It's very hard for him to study two languages. 对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
2）of sb句型中的形容词一般为表示性格，品德，心智能力，表示主观感情或态度的形容词，如good, kind, nice, clever, foolish, right。
例如：
It's very nice of you to help me. 你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
用for还是用of 的另一种辨别方法：
用介词for或of后面的逻辑主语作句子的主语，用介词前边的形容词作表语，造个句子。如果通顺用of，不通则用for。
例如：
You are nice.（通顺，所以应用of）。
He is hard.（非所表达的意思，不通，因此用for。）
1.It is great honor ________ present at this meeting.
A. for us to be
B. for us to
C. of us to be
D. for your being
2. It?s kind ________ so much of us.
A. for you to think
B. for you thinking
C. of you to think
D. of you thinking
3. It?s clever ________ t o make a mistake and correct it in no time.
A．for her B．of her C．by her D．by herself
2）作表语：
1. Her daughter?s wish is to become a singer.
2. She seems to go with us.
3.The boy seems to have been beaten.
4. Her job is to clean the hall.
练习：
1. Her work is ______( look )after the children.
2. My aim is ______( go ) to Tsinghua University.
3. She seemed ______( think ) about the problem.
4. He appeared _____________________ (wait) for a long time.
5. The box seems _________________ (move).
6.Whether China can launch Shenzhou Ⅷ successfully remains ________.
A.to see
B.seeing
C.to be seen
D.being seen
7.What I would suggest is ________ the job right away.
A. to start
B. starts
C. of staring
D. for staring
3）作宾语：
常与不定式作宾语连用的动词有：
afford aim agree arrange ask decide bother care choose demand desire determine elect endeavor hope fail help learn
long 渴望mean manage offer plan pretend refuse tend undertake expect hate intend
如果不定式（宾语）后面有宾语补足语，则用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语（不定式）后置，放在宾语补足语后面，如：
Eg. Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
练习：
1.They wanted ______( get ) on the bus, didn?t they?
2.He said he wished______(be )a professor.
3.I agreed______ (go ) there with the doctor.
4.They asked __________(send) to work here.
5.He promised ________________(wait) at the door when she came out.
6. I would love _____ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.
A. to go
B. to have gone
C. going
D. having gone
7. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _____ everything.
A. to tell
B. to be told
C. to be telling
D. to have been told
8. —I didn?t hear you come in last night.
—That?s good. We tired _____ noisy.
A. not to
B. to be not
C. to be
D. not to be
9.It?s a new dictionary, he seems ________ this book the other day.
A. to buy
B. buying
C. to have bought
D. to have been bought
（但是要注意，高中阶段有些短语中的to是介词to，现把介词to的短语归纳如下）
be related to和…有联系….
His fear of people is deeply related to his unhappy childhood.
be addicted to沉溺于…对…上瘾.
She is addictaded to drugs.
be opposed to 反对
She is strongly opposed to their plan.
devote oneself to献身于…
She devoted herself to tennis in her teens.
be devoted to 献身于,忠诚于,爱…
She is devoted to here husband.
be admitted to被…录取, 准进入
Li Ming is admitted to Beijing University.
Children under 18 are not admitted to the film.
be attached to附属于,爱慕,爱恋,敬仰
The middle school is attached toQing hua University。这是清华附中。
be adjusted to 适应
She was soon adjusted to his way of life
adjust to适应
She soon adjusted to his way of life.
adsjust onself to 使…适应
She soon adjusted herself to his way of life
be adapted to适应
He is quickly adapted to a new circumstances. 他很快适应新环境。
adapt oneself to 适应
He is quick to adapt himself to a new circumstances 他很快适应新环境。
be known to为…所知
As is known to all,paper was first made in China.
be married to和…结婚
Tom has been married to Mary for 10 years.
be sentenced to被判处
He was sentenced to 10 years in prison. 他被判处10年监禁.。
be connected to和…连在一起
I was connected to the wrong person. 我的电话接错了人。
be exposed to 暴露于/遭受/接触…
The bicycle was exposed to the rain and wind.
I’ve been exposed to English for 20years. 我学英语已经20年了。
be compared to被比喻成
Teachers are often compared to candles. 教师常被比喻成蜡烛。
compare…to…把…比成
People often compare children to flowers.。人们常把孩子们比喻成花朵。
be/become /get accustomed to惯于,有….习惯.
You will soon get accustomed to the job.你很快就会适应这项工作。
be engaged to和…订婚
Jack is engaged to Linda.捷克和林达订婚了。
get down to着手做
Let’s get down to business.我们言归正传。
lead to 导致
All roads lead to Rome.条条道路通罗马。
object to 反对
He objects to beeing treated like a child. 他讨厌被当成小孩看待。
put one’s mind to全神贯注于
You should put your mind to studies.你应专心学习。
give rise to 引起
The dirty enviroment gave rise to diseases. 那肮脏的环境引起了各种疾病。
look forward to盼望
I’m looking forwad to seeing you.我盼望与你见面。
pay attention to注意
Please pay attention to your pronunciotion.请注意你的发音。
stick to坚持
He always sticks to his promise.他总是遵守诺言。
attend to 处理,照料
Attend carefully to what she is saying.注意听她说话。
see to 负责
Will you see to the plants while I’m away. 我不在时请您帮我照料这些植物。
contribute to对…做贡献
The construction of a highway will contribute to the growth of the surburbs.
建造高速公路有助于郊区发展。
make contributions to对…做贡献
He has made great contributions to a space deveiopment programme.
他对太空发展计划有很大的贡献。
apply oneself to致力于
He applied himself to the study of genes.他致力于基因研究。
come close to几乎,将近
He came close to being killed in the accident.他差一点在事故中丧生。
reply to 回答
She never replied to my letter.他从不回复我的信。
add to 增加
The news added to his anxiety.这消息增加了他的忧虑。
add up to加起来
These figures add up to fifty.这些数字总计为50。
in addition to除…之外(还)
He speak s Frensh in addition to English. 他除了讲英语之外还会说法。
turn to转向,求助于
He has turned to keeping sheep.他已转行养羊。
feel up to能胜任
He doesn’t think he feels up to the job.他认为他不胜任这项工作。
look up to向上看,尊敬…
We should look up to our parents.我们应该尊敬父母。
admit to承认
He admmited to having broken the glass..他承认打烂了玻璃。
belong to属于
The computer belongs to me.这台电脑时我的。
take to喜爱,开始
I took to her at once我立刻喜欢上了她。
She has taken to drinking recently.他最近喜欢喝酒。
cling to 附着/坚持
The little boy clung to his mother ’s skirt in fear
那男孩害怕得紧紧抓住他母亲的裙子。
fall to 开始
After supper we fell to discussing politics.。
晚饭后我们开始讨论政治。
respond to回答
He didn’t respond to my question.他没有回答我的问题。
accustom oneself to使习惯于
Children are quick to accustom themselves tonew surroundings. 孩子们很快就会适应新环境。
get to到达某地
When did you get Shanghai?你和时到的上海?
set an example to给…树立榜样
Lei Feng set a good example to us.
雷锋为我们树立了好榜样。
refer to 谈到,参考,查阅
If you have any question please refer to the guidebook.如果你有问题请参阅旅游指南。
take /make a trip to 到….地方去
I’ll make a trip to the seaside tomorrow. 明天我要到海边去。
join…to…把…和…连接起来
The railway has joined Beijing to Zhuhai. 这条铁路把北京和珠海连接起来了
do a kindness to 帮助某人
He did me many kindnesses.他帮过我很多忙。
turn a blind eye to对…视而不见
Don’t turn a blind eye to that.不要对那事视而不见。
turn a deaf ear to对…充耳不闻
He turned a deaf ear to my advice. 他对我的建议充耳不闻。
point to指向
He pointed to the door.他用手指着门.(让人出去)。
show honour to向…表示敬意
We all showed honour to the hero. 我们都向那位英雄表示敬意。
put an end to 结束
They should put an end to that ridiculous war 他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争。
bring an end to结束
They should bring an end to that ridiculous war 他们应该终止那场荒谬的战争。
drink(a toast)to 为…干杯
Let’s drink to Paul’s health.让我们为保尔的健康干杯。
propose a toast to提议为…干杯
I propose a toast to Paul’s health. 我提议为保尔的健康干杯。
set fire to防火烧..
The enemy set fire to the ship.敌人放火烧了那条船。
happen to…发生了…事
What has happened to your mother?你妈妈怎么了?
occur to被想到,被想起
It occurred to me that I had forgotten to take my medicine.我突然想起我忘了吃药了。
total up to总计达
His debt totalled up to 1,000,000.yuan.他的债务总计达一百万元。
get close to接近
It is too hot .He can’t get close to the fire. 太热了他不能接近大火。
hold to 坚持抓住.
Everyone should hold to the rule. 每人都应该遵循这规则。
help oneself to随便用…
Help yourself to the sweets.请随便吃糖。
hold on to抓住, 固守。
The little girl held on to the tail of his coat。那小女孩抓住他外套的下摆。
do harm to 对…有害处
Smoking does harm to health。抽烟有害健康。
do wrong to冤枉…
Great was done to him in the past。过去他受了很大的冤枉。
date back to追朔到
This temple date back to the SongDydasty。这庙宇宋代就有了。
when it comes to…谈到….时
when it comes to studying English，he thinks it easy。谈到学英语时他认为容易。
give an eye to着眼于,注意
Please give an eye to the flowers while I’m away 我不在时请关照一下花。
have an eye to doing打算.
He has an eye to g ing abroad. 他打算出国。
describe to 向…描述
Please describe to me what the girl is like. 给我描述一下那女孩的长相。
treat sb to请某人吃…
I’ll treat you to some beer.我要请你喝啤酒。
pay a visit to参观…
She’ll pay a second visit to Japan.他要再次访日。
the answer to …的答案
Please tell me the answer to the question.请告诉我这个问题的答案。
the key to …的答案,…的钥匙…的关键
This is the kry to solving the problem. 这是解决问题的关键。
access to接近,进入某地的方法
Every student has free access to the library。每个学生都可以自由利用图书馆。
the entrance to…的入口
Have found the entrance to th cave？你找到动穴的出口了吗？
the assistant to…的助手
Mary is the assistant to the heasdmaster。玛丽是校长助理。
the secretary to…的秘书
He was the secretary to the late Premier Zhou。他是已故周总理的秘书。
the ambassador to驻。。。的大使
He is the Chinese ambassador to Japan。他是中国驻日大使。
ons’s attitude to 对…的态度
We should take a positive attitude to work. 我们应对工作报积极的态度。
the note to…的注释
Please pay attention to the notes to the text.请注意课文注释。
on one’s way to在去某处的途中
He is on his way to becoming a doctor. 他即将成为一名医生.。
be a stranger to不习惯…对…陌生
I am a stanger to the way of life. 我不习惯这种生活方式。
a visitor to 到...的参观者
Every year there are many visitors to the park. 每年有很多客人参观这个公园。
the home to 是...的家园（of更常用）
The island is home to many animals. 这个岛屿是很多动物的家园。
be on a journey/trip to在去…旅程中
Now he is on the journey to Shanghai. 此刻他在去上海的旅程。
be kind to 对…和善
The teacher is kind to his students.这位老师对他的学生非常和蔼。
be important to对…重要
English is important to us all.英语对我们所有人都很重要。
be senior to 年龄长于….
He is senior to me他比我年龄大。
be junior to年龄小于
He is junior to me .他比我年龄小。
be equal to和…..相等
Men are equal to women in China now.现在中国男女平等。
be particular to…所特有的
Coconut is particular to the tropics.椰子事热带的特产.
be subject to 服从,隶属,易遭/受/患…
These islands are subject to typhoons.这些岛屿易遭台风侵袭。
All players are subject to the rules of the game. 所有选手均需遵守比赛规则。
be familiar to 为…熟悉
The tall building is familiar to me.我非常熟悉这幢大楼。
be similar to和...相似
His view is similar to yours。他的观点和你的类似。
be open to 对...开放。
The library is open to the public.这个公园对公众开放。
be loyal to 对...忠诚。
We should be loyal to the people and the Party。我们应该忠于人民忠于党。
be helpful to 对…有益处
Early rising is helpful to your health.早起对你的身体有好处。
be useful to对…有用
This book is useful to young students. 这本书对年轻学生有好处。
be good to对…好
His step- mother is very good to him. 他的继母对他非常好。
比较：be good for 对….有益处.
Early rising is good for youe health. 早起对你的身体有益处。
be bad to对…不好
His step- mother is very bad to him. 他的继母对他非常不好。
比较：be bad for对…有害处
Smoking is bad for your health.抽烟对你健康有害处。
be new to对…不习惯，对。。。陌生。
I’m new to the custom. 我对这种风俗不习惯。
next to 几乎…的旁边,
Who stood next to you? 谁站在你的旁边?
It is next to impossible to cure her illness. 治好他的病几乎是不可能的。from…to…从…到…They begged from door to door.他们挨们要饭。
due to 由于
The game was postponeed due to rain.比赛因下雨而延期。
比较:be due to do sth.预定要做某事
He is due to start this evening.他预定今晚出发。
owing to由于The game was postponeed owing to rain.比赛因下雨而延期。
thanks to多亏了,由于
Thanks to your help ,I finished my work on time. 多亏了你的帮助我及时完成了工作。
as to关于
As to money，he is indifferent.至于钱他漠不关心。
In/with regard to关于
I have something to say in/with regard to his conduct. 关于它的行为我有一些意见.。
In/with relation to 关于,就…而论.
I have something to say in/with relation to his conduct.关于它的行为我有一些意见。
according to根据
According to the law,he was sentenced to death.根据法律他被判处死刑。
subject to依照
The plan may change subject to the weather. 那项计划可能会随天气变化而改变。
动词不定式在介词but后面时，如果介词之前有行为动词do的各种形式，那么这些介词后的不定式不带to；否则就要带to。另外在can’t choose but和can’t help but等后面的不定式也省略to。如：
I have no choice but to stay here.我别无选择只有待在这儿。
练习：
1. —I thought you had planned to practice the piano today.
—I did nothing but _____ letters all day.
A.write
B. to write
C. wrote
D. writing
2.Tim cannot but ________ his supervisor to help him solve the difficulty he has in doing his project. (2009安徽)
A. to ask
B. ask
C. asking
D. asked
答案：B
简析：but 后跟不定式是否带to, 按照“前有do后无to”的原则，如，They did nothing
but watch TV all day. 和They had no choice / alternative but to give up. 此外，cannot help but / cannot choose but / cannot but 后均不带to。
3.Lots of empty boots were found under the old man?s bed. He must have done nothing but ______.
A. drink
B. to drink
C. drinking
D. drunk
有些动词或动词词组可以用动词+疑问词+不定式的结构作宾语。例如：
decide know consider forget learn remember show, wonder find out tell inquire explain
例如：
Please show us how to do that. 请演示给我们如何去做。
There are so many kinds of tape-recorders on sale that I can't make up my mind which to buy.
有这么多的录音机，我都拿不定主意买哪一种。
He gave us some advice on how to learn English. 他给了我们一些就如何学英语的建议。
练习：
1. I didn't know ________ him or not. （2009浙江）
A. whether to help
B. if to help
C. to help
D. that if I should help
答案：A
简析：whether to do sth or not是固定搭配，if “是否做某事”后不能跟不定式。
3）作宾语补足语：
Eg.
1. She told her child not to play on the street.
2.I saw her come into the building.
3. We believe him to have gone abroad.
动词不定式作动词feel,hear，see，watch，notice，observe等感官动词以及have,let，make 等使役动词后面的宾语补足语时，不定式符号to要省略。但如果这些句子变成被动结构时，就必须带to符号。如：
I saw him cross the road.我看到他过了街道。
He was seen to cross the road.他被看到过了街道。
练习：
1. I didn?t want my parents ______(help ) me.
2. We?d prefer you _______( take ) the job instead of Zhang.
3. The school ordered all the classroom ______( clean ).
4. My parents expect me _______( go )to a ideal university.
5. Joan promised the dinner ______( cook ) before we returned.
6.Bob?s parents want Bob ________ all the rules at school.
A. obey
B. to obey
C. obeying
D. will obey
7. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but mother told him_____.
A. not to
B. not to do
C. not do it
D. do not to
8. The question asked by the teacher is very difficult ________. （2008 江苏）
A. to be answered
B. answering
C. to answer
D. to answering
答案：C
简析：某些形容词后跟不定式作状语时，只能用主动形式表示被动意思。常用的此类形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, comfortable, nice, good, pleasant, fit,等。
变式训练：
9.Don?t you think the picture on the wall pleasant ______ ?
A. to be looked at
B. looking at
C. to look at
D. to looking at (C)
5）作定语：
作定语的不定式如果是不及物动词，或者不定式修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。如：
There is nothing to worry about.没有什么可担心的。
如果不定式修饰time, place, way，可以省略介词：
He has no place to live.他没有住的地方。
This is the best way to work out this problem.这是解决这个问题的最好的办法。
动词不定式作定语，放在所修饰的名词或代词后。与所修饰名词有如下关系：
当作定语的不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的承受者时，不定式既可以用主动语态，也可用被动语态，但其含义有所不同。试比较：
Have you got anything to send
（你有什么东西要寄吗？——不定式to send的动作执行者是“你”）
Have you got anything to be sent
（你有什么要（我或别人）寄的东西吗？——不定式to be sent的动作执行者是“我”或“别人”）用不定式作定语的几种情况
不定式表将来
I borrowed some books to read during my holiday.我借了几本书在假期里读。
用来修饰被序数词、最高级或no,all，any等限定的中心词。如：
He was the best man to do the job.他是做这项工作的最佳人选。
She was the first woman to win the gold medal in the Olympic Games.
她是在奥运会上获得金牌的第一个女人。
用于修饰的词是抽象名词时，常见的有：ability，chance，idea，fact，excuse，promise，answer，reply，attempt，belief，way，reason，moment，time等。如：
Do you have the ability to read and write English 你具备读、写英语的能力吗？
练习
1. The next train _________(arrive) was from New York.
2. On Sundays, he always has a lot of letters_____________( write) .
3. We students should have the courage ____________(face) any difficulty.
4. She has a child _________(take) care of.
5. He has no friend __________(depend) on.
6. They have found the way (in which)__________ ( solve) the problem.
7. The case ____________________ (investigate) is rather complicated.
8.Pual said, “Give me a chair ____________, please.”
A. to sit
B. sit
C. sit on
D. to sit on
9. Will you attend the meeting ________ next month?
A. to hold
B. being held
C. to be held
D. will be held
10. Most of the officials think the best man ________ the position is Professor Johnson.
A. holding
B. to hold
C. having held
D. will hold
11. ----- Do you know who's file first astronaut _______foot on the moon?
----Neil Armstrong.
A. to set
B. setting
C. having set
D. set
12. My father is often the first person ________ his office.
A．getting to B．to get to C．getting D．to get
6）作状语
表目的
He worked day and night to get the money.为了挣钱，他日日夜夜的工作。
注意不定式放句首时，逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：
为了省钱，能用的方法都用上了。
（×)To save money, every means has been tried.
(√)To save money, he has tried every means.
表结果
He arrived late to find the train gone.他来晚了，结果发现火车开走了。
常用only放在不定式前表示强调：
I visited him only to find him out.我来拜访他，结果发现他出去了。
表原因
They were very sad to hear the news.听到这个消息他们非常伤心。
表程度
It?s too dark for us to see anything.天太黑了，我们什么也看不清。
The question is simple for him to answer.这道问题对他来说太容易回答了。
作独立成分
To tell you the truth, I don?t like the way he talked.
说实话，我不喜欢他说话的方式。
练习：
1. I…m saving up __________ (buy) a computer.
2. He didn't run fast enough ______________(catch) the train.
3. I am glad __________(see ) you.
4. He was very sad _____________ (lose) his puppy.
5.He hurried to the airport only ________ that the flight had just taken off.
A.to be told
B.to tell
C.told
D.telling
6. —Mum, why do you always make me eat egg every day?
—_____ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up.
A. Get
B. Getting
C. To get
D. To be getting
7. _____ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.
A. To sleep
B. sleeping
C. Sleep
D. having slept
8. ________ more gold medals in the 2012 Olympic Games，the Chinese athletes are training hard. A．To win 8B．Win C．Winning D．Won
9. He spoke in such a high voice ____ at the further end of the room.
A. as to be heard
B. to be heard
C. as to hear
D. to hear
10.I?ll do whatever I can ____ my English.
A. improve
B. to improve
C. improving
D. to improving
3.不定式符号to的保留问题
省去to 的动词不定式
1）情态动词（除ought 外）后。
2）使役动词let, have, make后，感官动词see, watch, look at, notice , observe, hear, listen to, smell, feel, find 等后。
注意：被动语态中不能省去to。
例如：
I saw him dance. =He was seen to dance.
The boss made them work the whole night. =They were made to work the whole night.
3）would rather，had better句型后
4）Why…/ why no…句型后
5）help 后可带to，也可不带to, help sb （to）do sth：
6）but和except后。but前是实义动词do时，后面出现的不定式不带to。
比较：He wants to do nothing but go out. 他只想出去玩。
He wants to believe anything but to take the medicine. 除了吃这药，他什么都信。
7）由and, or和than连接的两个不定式，第二个to 可以省去：
8）通常在discover, imagine, suppose, think等词后作宾补时，可以省去to be。例如：He is supposed （to be）nice.他应该是个好人。
练习：
1）---- I usually go there by train.
---- Why not ___ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B.trying to go
C.to try and go
D.try going
答案：D. why not 后面接不带to 的不定式，因此选D。
2）Paul doesn't have to be made ___. He always works hard.
A. learn
B. to learn
C. learned
D. learning
答案：B. make后接不带to 的动词不定式，当其用于被动时，to 不可省略。
4.动词不定式的几种特殊结构
1）for sb.to do 还是of sb.to do
“for+逻辑主语+不定式”结构称为不定式复合结构，介词可用for或of。当形式主语句型中的表语是形容词，来描述不定式动作时，逻辑主语之前使用for；当它描述不定式的逻辑主语，说明其品质、特征或属性时，要用of，常见形容词有good，nice，clever，wise，foolish，stupid，honest，kind，polite，careful，cruel，brave，crazy等。
2)too ... to结构
在英语中，“too+adj./adv.+to do sth.”结构表示否定意义，意为“太……而不能……”。
也可用so...that句型来表示，但that从句必须用否定形式。如：
You?re too young to understand such thing s.你太小了，还不能理解那些事情。
=You?re so yong that you can?t understand such things.
注意：在下列场合下，too... to结构表示肯定意义：
某些形容词与too...to 连用表示肯定意义，too相当于very much。这些形容词多是表示心情的词和描述性的形容词。如：ready，glad，pleased，surprised，delighted，happy，easy，eager，thankful，anxious，willing，good，kind，true等。
在too前加上only，but，all，simply或just时，too...to结构表示肯定意义。如：
I?m only too glad to meet you here again.再次见到你我太高兴了。
【限时训练】
1. --- What' s the matter with Della?
--- Well, her parents wouldn't allow her to go to the party, but she still ________. (09江苏)
A. hopes to
B. hopes so
C. hopes not
D. hopes for
2. The children all turned ________ the famous actress as she entered the classroom. (09全国)
A. looked at
B. to look at
C. to looking at
D. look at
3. We are invited to a party _________in our club next Friday. (09山东)
A. to be held
B.held
C.being held
D.holding
4.I still remember ________ to the Famen Temple and what I saw there . (09陕西)
A to take
B to be taken
C taking
D being taken
5. He told us whether a picnic was still under discussion. (09四川)
A.to have
B.having
C.have
D.had
6. Nobody noticed the thief slip into the house because the lights happened to ________.
A. be put up
B. give in
C. be turned on
D. go out
7. Tom is said ________ abroad, but I don?t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
8. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ________ it more difficult.
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
9. They?re not very good, but we lik e ________. (09四川二模)
A. anyway to play basketball with them
B. to play basketball with them anyway
C. to play with them basketball anyway
D. with them to play basketball anyway
10. I?ve worked with children before, so I know what ________ in my new job.
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
11. ________ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm clock. (09常州二模)
A. To sleep
B. Sleeping
C. Sleep
D. Having slept
12. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ________ whether they will enjoy it. (09杭州二模)
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
13. It is said in Australia there?s more land than the government knows ________.
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
14. She will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role ________ in making the earth a better place to live. (09汕头二模)
A. to have played
B. to play
C. to be played
D. to be playing
15. The bank is reported in the local newspaper ________ in broad daylight yesterday.
A. robbed
B. to have been robbed
C. being robbed
D. having been robbed
16. With the development in science and technology man can make various flowers ________ before their time.
A. be bloomed
B. bloom
C. bloomed
D. blooming
17. The mother didn?t know who ________ for the broken glass.
A. blamed
B. would blame
C. to blame
D. be blamed
18. The project, ________ by the end o f 2008, will expand the city?s telephone network to over 1,000,000 users. (09上海二模)
A. accomplished
B. being accomplished
C. to be accomplished
D. having been accomplished
19. One learns a language by making mistakes and ________ them.
A. correct
B. correcting
C. corrects
D. to correct
20. Ann never dreams of ________ for her to be sent abroad very soon.
A. there being a chance
B. there to be a chance
C. there be a chance
D. being a chance
II. 能力提升
21. She pretended ______ me when I passed by. (2009重庆)
A. not to see
B. not seeing
C. to not see
D. having not seen
22. There are five pairs ______, but I'm at a loss which to buy. (2009上海)
A. to be chosen
B. to choose from
C. to choose
D. for choosing
23. It seems that he has no pen ______. (2009北京)
A. to write
B. to write with
C. writing
D. writing with
24.—Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?
—______ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (2009上海)
A. Get
B. Getting
C. To get
D. To be getting
25. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ______ it more difficult. (2008 四川)
A. not make
B. not to make
C. not making
D. do not make
26. Hurry up, he is sure ______ for us. (2009陕西)
A. to wait
B. to be waiting
C. waiting
D. being waited
27. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving ______ their products more competitive. ( 2009上海)
A. to make
B. making
C. to have make
D. having make
28. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains ______ whether they will enjoy it. (2009北京)
A. to see
B. to be seen
C. seeing
D. seen
29. ---- It?s a long time since I saw my sister. (2008全国I)
---- ______ her this week?
A. Why not visit
B. Why not to visit
C. Why not visiting
D. Why don?t visit
30. I can?t stand ________ with Jane in the same office. She just refuses ________talking while she works. (2009江西)
A. working … stopping
B. to wor k … stopping
C. working … to stop
D. to work … to stop
31. The bad weather discouraged us ________on the picnic and we had no choice but______ at home. (2009安徽)
A. from going …to stay
B. to go …stay
C. go … staying
D. in going … to stav
32. Rather than ________abroad, she prefers ________to university at home after graduation from high school. (2009安徽)
A. to study; go
B. study; go
C. study; to go
D. to study; to go
33. ________finished my homework, I asked my brother _____interrupt me. (2009安徽)
A. Having not; not to
B. Having not; to not
C. Not having; to not
D. Not having; not to
34. Tom is said________ abroad, but I don?t know what country he studied in. (2009浙江)
A. to have studied
B. to study
C. to be studying
D. to have been studying
35. Site will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ in making the earth
a better place to live. (2009上海)
A. to have played
B. to play
C. to be played
D. to be playing
36. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction. (2009北京)
A. seeing
B. having seen
C. to have seen
D. to see
37. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need______. (2009上海)
A. that … to be improved
B. which … to be improved
C. where … improving
D. when … improving
38. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings before firing any shots. (2009上海)
A. to issue
B. being issued
C. to have issued
D. to be issued
39. I've worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.
A. expected
B. to expect
C. to be expecting
D. expects
40. ______ the project as planned, we?ll have to work two more hours a day.
A. Completing B Complete C. Completed D. To complete
答案及解析
I. 基础练习1. ABAAA / DABBB 11. ABCBB / BCCBA
1. 答案A 她依然想去。不定式位于句尾时，可省略动词和其后的连带成分而保留to。
2. 答案B不定式作状语，表示目的，“转过身来看”。
3. 答案A这里不定式作定语，表示将要发生的事，且被动；现在分词表示正在，过去分词表示已经。“下星期五将要举行的晚会”。
4. 答案D remember to do sth 记住要做某事（将要做）；remember doing sth记住做过某事（已经做过）。这里是“我记得曾经被带去过……”，因而选D。
5. 答案Awhether to do sth不定式短语作主语，“是否去野餐”。Whether后只能接不定式。
6. 答案D go out vi 熄灭.
7. 答案A 后半句的studied表明动作发生于过去,因而用to have studied表示过去,曾经.
8. 答案B … be to do A, not to do B是为了A, 而不是B.
9. 答案B to play basketball with them anyway与某人打篮球; anyway adv 无论如何.
10. 答案B I know what to expect知道期待什么.
11. 答案A不定式作状语，表示目的, “为了多睡一会儿”.
12. 答案B remains to be seen有待于观察, 被动动作.
13. 答案C do … with …, 应付, 处理, “土地多得政府不知如何处理”.
14. 答案B has a role to play in …发挥作用, 扮演角色.
15. 答案B is reported to have been robbed完成被动, “据报道银行已被抢劫”.
16. 答案B make various flowers bloom 让各种花卉开发make后接不带to不定式.的作宾补.
17. 答案C who to blame 该责备谁.
18. 答案C to be accomplished 不定式被动形式, 表示未来的被动动作.
19. 答案B by doing sth 通过犯错误和改正错误来学习语言.
20. 答案A dreams of 后接动名词, dreams of there being a chance梦想有机会.
II. 能力提升21. ABBCB / BABAC 31. ACDAB / DAABD
21. 答案A pretend后应接不定式作宾语,其否定式是“not to do”
22. 答案B 从语境可知,该空作定语修饰five pairs,且five pairs为该空所表动作的逻辑宾语, 所以应填不定式to choose from作定语,表示“从……中挑选”。
23. 答案B 从语境可知该空作定语修饰pen, have no pen to write with 没有笔写字
24. 答案C 从语境可知,每天吃一只鸡蛋的目的是给你提供更多的蛋白质和营养,所以应用不定式作目的状语。
25. 答案B 本题句意是“应用新技术的目的是使生活变得更安逸,而非更困难”。通常两个以上不定式并列时,后者的to常省掉;但是如果表示对比或对照关系时,后者的to不可以省掉。
26. 答案B be sure 后应接不定式。根据句意,现在之所以应快点走是因为他正在等我们,所以，应用不定式的进行式。
27. 答案A 从语境可知,许多国营公司正在努力的目的是使他们的产品更具竞争性, 所以应用不定式作目的状语。
28. 答案B 从语境可知,该题第二个分句要表达“他们是否喜欢(去国外旅行), (人们)还不知道”这一意思。Sth remains to be done有待于观察，被动意思。
29. 答案A why not do sth“为什么不。。。。。。呢？”固定句型，不定式不带to
30. 答案C can?t stand doing sth无法忍受做某事，refuse to do拒绝做某事,固定搭配。
31. 答案A discourage sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事; have no choice but to do sth固定搭配。
32. 答案C prefer to do sth rather than do another 宁愿做……而不愿做……
33. 答案D 现在分词完成形式的否定式为not having done, 要某人不要做某事ask sb not to
do sth
34. 答案A 据说曾做过某事be said to have done sth, 下文studied 表明过去。
35. 答案B have a role to play in … 扮演… 角色, each of us 为逻辑主语，主动意思。
36. 答案D as if he wanted to see …的省略
37. 答案A 第一个空是同位语从句，第二个空，sth needfs doing = sth needs to be done
38. 答案A order sb to do sth不定式充当宾语补足语，被动形式是sb be ordered to do sth
39. 答案B know what to do 知道做什么，不定式复合结构wh- + to do 充当宾语。
40. 答案D 不定式to do sth位于居首作
非谓语动词（二）——动词-ing形式
一、动名词
动名词既具有动词的一些特征，又具有名词的句法功能。
1.动名词的形式：
否定式：not+动名词
1）一般式：
Seeing is believing.眼见为实。
2）被动式：
He came to the party without being invited.他未被邀请就来到了晚会。
3）完成式：
We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影。
4）完成被动式：
He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old.
他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过。
5）否定式：not+动名词
I regret not following his advice.我后悔没听他的劝告。
6）复合结构：物主代词（或名词所有格）+动名词
动词ing 形式的复合结构：宾格或所有格+doing (-ing 形式作主语时，用的所有格＋doing) He suggested our trying it once again.他建议我们再试一次。
His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦。
练习：
非谓语动词全面讲解
非謂语动词（一） 一、Done 被动性：过去分词的逻辑主语是分词动作的承受者（receiver）, 而不是发出者，两者构成被动语态或被动意义。 完成性：与句中另一个动作、另一个时间或句子产生的时间相比，分词的动作已经发生、完成。 句法功能 表语：许多动词通过+ed 变成形容词，其本质是过去分词用作形容词The boys were astonished. The door remained locked. They seemed worried. 定语：划出下列句子的定语部分 The broken glass is still lying on the table. The frightened girl was trembling when the police arrived. A grown boy is a boy who has physically and mentally grown up. He sent them his newly-invented devices. She was reading a novel written by Dickens. The people trapped in the big fire were rescued by the firefighters with a helicopter. The radio bought in your shop doesn't work well. 翻译： 他是被经理测试的人员当中最优秀的员工之一。 宾补 1、在感官/ 感知动词后：see, look at, observe, hear, listen to, think, find, imagine, feel, watch等。 We found him greatly changed. 2、在使役动词后：make, have, get, keep, leave等。 He made himself understood in spoken English. 3、在意愿动词后：like, need, want, wish等。 She came into the shop with a package saying: I needn’t it changed but re-wrapped. 翻译：我回到家，发现家里被偷了
(完整word版)2018高考英语非谓语动词专项讲解练习
第五章非谓语动词 【非谓语动词作状语】 一.不定式,分词作状语的基本原则 不定式,分词作状语时,不定式,分词的逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子的主语保持一致,即不定式,分词作状语时必须和句子主语含有逻辑上的主动或被动关系,否则一般不能使用不定式,分词作状语. 二.不定式作状语 1.不定式作目的状语 不定式作目的状语的情况比较多,如果强调目的性时,不定式前还可加in order或so as,构成"in order to do"或"so as to do"结构."in order to do"结构作目的状语时,可以放在句首也可放在句中;"so as to do"结构只能放在句中. Her mother plans to fly to Beijing at least four times a year(so as/in order)to visit her. Bob took down my telephone number so as/in order not to forge t it. 2.不定式作结果状语 不定式作结果状语常用在下列句式中:so...as to;such...as to;...enough to;only to(常表示以外的或事与愿违的结果);too...to等. I'm not so stupid(a fool)as to write it down. Jane hurried back only to find that her mother had left. I'm too tired to stay up longer. 备注:在only too..to结构中,too...to...并非是"太....而不能..."之意.此时,与too..to..搭配的形容词常见的有pleased,ready,willing,glad,happy等. I'm only too glad to have passed the exam. 3.不定式作原因状语 形容词作表语时,后面可接不定式作原因状语,用以说明产生这种情绪的原因.用于这类结构中的形容词常见的有:happy,glad,sorry,anxious,proud,disappointed,angry,surprised,ready,delighted,pleased等. You will never know how happy I was to see her yesterday. 4.在"主语+系动词+表语(形容词)+to do"结构中,句子的主语与动词不定式有逻辑上的被动关系,且形容词表示主语的特征或性质,这时,需用不定式的主动形式表示被动意义.该结构中常用的形容词有:easy,hard,difficult,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,safe,dangerous等. This question is easy to answer. This book is difficult to understand. 三.分词作状语 1.分词作状语时其形式的选择 2.分词作状语的句法功能 分词作状语时,可以表时间,原因,结果，条件,让步，行为方式,伴随状况等.为了强调,还可与 while,when,once,if,unless等连词连用. When offered help,one often says"Thank you"or "It's kind of you".(时间) Separated from other continents for millions of years,Australia has many plants and animals not found in any other
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-非谓语动词(解析版)
2016-2020高考英语试题分类汇总-非谓语动词(解析 版) 【2020年】 1.（2020·新课标I卷）Chinese researchers hope to use the instruments onboard Chang’e-4 66．(find) and study areas of the South Pole-Aitken basin. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：中国的研究者希望使用嫦娥四号上的设备来发现和研究南极艾特肯盆地。此处表示目的，应使用不定式作目的状语。故填to find。 2.（2020·新课标I卷）I like eating frying tomatoes with eggs, and I thought it must to be easy to cook. 【答案】frying改为fried 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我喜欢吃西红柿炒鸡蛋。动词fry与tomatoes之间是动宾关系，所以此处应用过去分词作定语，故将frying改为fried。 3.（2020·新课标I卷）My mom told me how to preparing it 【答案】preparing改为prepare。 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我妈妈告诉我如何准备这道菜。分析句子可知，“how+不定式”作told 的宾语，to是不定式符号，后应接动词原形，故将preparing改为prepare。 4.（2020·新课标II卷）They represent the earth 63．(come) back to life and best wishes for new beginnings. 【答案】coming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们代表着大地的复苏和对新开端的美好祝愿。句中谓语动词为represent，所以这里为非谓语动词。名词earth与come back to之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填coming。 5. （2020·新课标II卷）They make great gifs and you see them many times 65．(decorate) with red envelopes and messages of good fortune. 【答案】decorated 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们是很好的礼物，你会经常看到它们装饰着红包和好运的信息。句中them指代前句中的orange trees，与decorate之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填decorated。 6.（2020·新课标II卷）They are easy 68．(care) for and make great presents. 【答案】to care
非谓语动词用法对比练习
非谓语动词用法对比 1、They knew her very well. They had seen her up from childhood. A．grow B．grew C．was growing D．to grow 2、Tom kept quiet about the accident lose his job. A．so not as to B．so as not to C．so as to not D．not so as to 3、She reached the top of the hill and stopped on a big rock by the side of the path. A．to have rested B．resting C．to rest D．rest 4、The next morning she found the man in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 5、Only one of these books is . A．worth to read B．worth being read C．worth of reading D．worth reading 6、The squirrel was lucky that it just missed . A．catching B．to be caught C．being caught D．to catch 7、Most of the people to the party were famous scientists. A．invited B．to invite C．being invited D．inviting 8、She didn’t remember him before. A．having met B．have met C．to meet D．to having met 9、——Good morning. Can I help you? ——I’d like to have this package, madam. A．be weighed B．to be weighed C．to weigh D．weighed 10、There was a terrible noise the sudden burst of light. A．followed B．following C．to be followed D．being followed 11、The murderer was brought in, with his hands behind. A．being tied B．having tied C．to be tied D．tied 12、On Saturday afternoon, Mrs. Green went to the market, some bananas and visited her cousin. A．bought B．buying C．to buy D．buy 13、The secretary worked late into the night, a long speech for the president. A．to prepare B．preparing C．prepared D．was preparing 14、I can hardly imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A．sail B．to sail C．sailing D．to have sailed 15、John was made the truck for a week as a punishment. A．to wash B．washing C．wash D．to be washing 16、I would appreciate back this afternoon. A．you to call B．you call C．your calling D．you’re calling 17、John was so sleepy that he could hardly keep his eyes . A．open B．to be opened C．to open D．opening 18、 a reply, he decided to write again. A．Not receiving B．Receiving not C．Not having received D．Having not received 19、Charles Babbage is generally considered the first computer. A．to have invented B．inventing C．to invent D．having invented 20、“Can’t you read?” Mary said to the notice. A．angrily pointing B．and point angrily C．angrily pointed D．and angrily pointing 21、Rather than on a crowded bus, he always prefers a bicycle. A．ride, ride B．riding, ride C．ride, to ride D．to ride, riding 22、The missing boys were last seen near the river. A．playing B．to be playing C．play D．to play
非谓语动词讲解及练习题
非谓语动词 非谓语动词的概念: 在句子中不能做谓语的动词形式叫做非谓语动词. 它不受人称和数的限制. 非谓语动词分为三种形式: 不定式：to do 动名词：v-ing 用做名词 分词（现在分词doing和过去分词V-ed）（高考） 考点一：不定式 1.不定式的基本形式是to＋动词原形，它具有动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语，但它没有人称与数的变化，在句中也不能作谓语，动词不定式和自己的宾语和状语构成不定式短语。 动词不定式的基本形式为：to+动词原形（不定式符号to有时可以省略）；其否定形式为：not to+动词原形。如：My father asked me not to read in bed. ) 2.不定式的句法作用动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的作用，它可以作主语、宾语、宾补和状语。 (1)作主语 动词不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末， It＋be＋形容词＋(for sb)＋动词不定式。 It's important (for us) to protect environment. 注: kind，good，nice，clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，不用for而用of。 It's very kind of you to help me. (2)作宾语 He wants to go out with her. 注:①一些谓语动词后只能用不定式作宾语，常见的这类词表示命令、打算或希望，如：would like，want，wish，hope，decide，plan，expect，pretend等。 ？
Would you like to see a film this evening ②当不定式作宾语时，通常还可以用it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式。 在find，think后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。 I find it easy to read English every day. (3)作表语 句型：主语+ be + to do sth . 如：My group’s task is to find out the cost to go by train. （4）作目的状语 > 如：He opened the door for her to come in. 他打开门让她进来。 I get up early to catch the first bus.我早起为了赶上首班车。 (5)作宾语补足语 ①不能省略to： ask. tell . order . force. want. invite. expect . encourage . advise. teach . promise. warn. allow . remind . help. 如：Tina told her sister to turn down the TV.蒂娜让她姐姐把电视机的音量调小点。 My mother asks me not to read in the bed.我妈妈不让我在床上看书。
高考非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解
高考非谓语动词专项练习题及答案详解 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．The woman, when _______ how her husband was injured, began to cry. A．asked B．to ask C．asking D．ask 【答案】A 【解析】 2．In 2012, Sun Yang became the first Chinese man _____ an Olympic gold medal in swimming. A．winning B．to win C．having won D．being won 【答案】B 【解析】 【详解】 考查不定式作定语。句意：在2012年，孙杨成为第一个获得奥运会游泳比赛金牌的中国男运动员。当名词前面有序数词修饰或被修饰的词就是序数词的时候，通常要用不定式作定语。如the first to come and the last to leave，本句中Chinese man前面有序数词the first修饰，所以后面要用不定式作定语。故B项正确。 3．I stopped the car ____ a short break as I was feeling tired. A．take B．taking C．to take D．taken 【答案】C 【解析】 句意：我停下车来休息一会儿，因为我感觉累了。此处动词不定式表目的，故选C。 【考点定位】考查非谓语动词 4．They might just have a place ________ on the writing course—why don’t you give it a try? A．leave B．left C．leaving D．to leave 【答案】B 【解析】 此处left过去分词作定语修饰a place，被留下的留给写作课程的地方（机会）。句意：他们可能还有个学习写作课的机会，你为什么不试一试呢？ 【考点定位】本题考查非谓语动词的用法。 5．After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A．to thank B．thanking C．having thanked D．to have thanked
高考英语非谓语动词知识点真题汇编附答案
高考英语非谓语动词知识点真题汇编附答案 一、选择题 1．His study was a mess with lots of books and magazines __________up everywhere. A．to pile B．having piled C．piled D．to be piled 2．The next morning she found the man ___________ in bed, dead. A．lying B．lie C．lay D．laying 3．By no means ________ when we try to create a global brand. A．the cultural factor is to neglect B．is the cultural factor to neglect C．the cultural factor is to be neglected D．is the cultural factor to be neglected 4．A healthy diet and adequate physical exercises are the keys ______ a better life. A．of having B．to have C．for having D．to having 5．It is easy ________ the consequences of unchecked plant disease: food shortage could kill millions of people and cause unrest in the world. A．imagine B．to be imagined C．imagining D．to imagine 6．Some psychologists suggest that one could improve his performance when mentally imagining himself ________ (perform) well at some back. A．performing B．to perform C．performed D．having performed 7．________ with a roomful of dresses, a woman may easily spend hours going from one dress on another before selecting the dresses she wants to try on. A．Having faced B．Faced C．To face D．Facing 8．________ to a colorful campus culture, students should draw a line between what is their major concern and what is of ________ importance. A．Exposing…the least B．Having exposed...least C．Having been exposed…the less D．Exposed...less 9．Some people are skeptical about the internet, ________ that surfing the Internet is a waste of time. A．claimed B．claiming C．to claim D．having claimed 10．Last night, there were millions of people ______________ the opening ceremony live on TV. A．watch B．to watch C．watched D．watching 11．Bats are surprisingly long lived creatures, some ________ a life span of around 20 years. A．having B．had C．have D．to have 12．The long-lasting war, filled with blood and deaths, ended in people’s sadness, _______no result. A．reached B．to reach C．would reach D．reaching 13．（2015·江苏）Much time ________sitting at a desk, office workers are generally troubled by health problems.
高中的英语非谓语动词讲解-(整理)
非谓语动词 非谓语动词包括不定式(to do)、动名词(－ing)、现在分词(－ing)与过去分词(－ed)。它们不受主语人称和数的限制，在句子中不能充当谓语，但可以充当句子的其他成分，并且有时态和语态的变化。 动词不定式
定义：动词不定式是非谓语动词的一种，它没有人称和数的变化，在句子中不能独立作谓语，但它仍保持动词的特点，可以有自己的宾语和状语。 一、不定式的意义 1. 不定式的一般式：一般式表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。当不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动式(to be done). eg: He seemed to be tired. The building to be finished next month is for our teachers. 2. 不定式的进行式：进行式表示动作正在进行，与谓语的动作同时发生。 . When I went to his home, he happened to be traveling around the world. 3. 不定式的完成式：如果不定式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示动作或状态之前，就用完成式；若是在此基础上的被动含义，就用完成被动式( to have been done).
. He is said to have written a novel about the Long March. He is said to have been taught French when he was a child. 4. 不定式的完成进行式：如果不定式的动作是在谓语所表示的时间之前一直在进行或有可能继续进行的动作，就要用完成进行式. eg: We’re happy to have been working with the experts all the month. 二、不定式的用法： 1. 不定式做主语：不定式做主语一般表示具体的某次动作。而动名词doing 表示习惯的，经常的动作。 1)不定式作主语时,谓语用单数 To do such things is foolish. 2）主系表结构 To see is to believe. 3)it形式主语。当主语较长，谓语较短时，常用it做形式主语，将不定式放到谓语的后面。 常用于下列结构中： (1)It is/was +adj.+(of sb.) to do…（如 good/ kind/ nice/ clever/ foolish/ selfish…） (2)It is +adj.+(for sb.)+to do…（如easy / difficult / hard / / unwise / possible/ necessary…） (3)It is +a/an +名词+ to do...（如a pity/ a shame / a pleasure /one’s duty / an honor …）
非谓语动词讲解及练习
非谓语动词讲解及练习 一、单项选择非谓语动词 1．In response to the citizens’ concern, the government claimed ______ measures to attend to the increasingly serious smog in the past two months. A．taking B．to take C．having taken D．to have taken 【答案】D 【解析】 【详解】 考查固定结构。句意：为了回应市民的担忧，政府声称在过去的两个月里已经采取措施来应对日益严重的雾霾。claim to do声称，该用法是固定用法，“过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成”用现在完成时，故选D。 2．115．______ his love, Chris sent his mom a thank-you note on Mother’s Day. A．Expressing B．Expressed C．To express D．Having expressed 【答案】C 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了表达他的爱，克里斯在母亲节那天给他的妈妈寄了一条感谢信。用不定式表目的，故选C。 3．The airport ________ next year will help promote tourism in this area. A．being completed B．to be completed C．completed D．having been completed 【答案】B 【解析】 试题分析：考查非谓语动词。此处to be completed表将来、被动。句意：将于明年建成的机场会有助于促进这个地区的旅游业。 【名师点睛】这是考查非谓语动词做定语的用法，句中关键词next year说明动作是将要发生。而The airport和complete是被动关系，用不定式的被动做定语。 4．China’s image is improving steadily, with more countries ________ its role in international affairs. A．recognizing B．being recognized C．to be recognized D．recognized 【答案】A 【解析】 【详解】 考查with复合结构。句意：中国的形象正在稳步提升，更多的国家认识到中国在国际事务中的作用。“更多的国家”和“认识”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，故选A。 5．More TV programs, according to government officials, will be produced _____ people’s
高三英语高考非谓语动词专题
非谓语动词专练100题 1. The great hall was crowded with many people, _____ many children _____on their parents’ laps. A. including; seated B. including; seating C. included; sat D. included; sitting 2. It’s said that the Olympic Games _____ in Beiji ng in 2008 will cover more events than any other Olympics did. A. holding B. to be held C. held D. to be holding 3. _____ for a long time, most of the crops in this area died from lacking water. A. Being no rain B. There was no rain C. To be no rain D. There being no rain 4. Yesterday a street-beggar bought a lottery ticket purposelessly, _____ him a millionaire overnight. A. making B. makes C. to make D. made 5. In the face of the big fire in October in California, many people in the fire-stricken areas moved out _____. A. to escape burning B. to escape being burned C. escaping burned D. escaping from burning 6. Taking this medicine, if _____, will of course do good to his health. A. continued B. to continue C. continues D. continuing 7. The little boy still needs the _____ 20 dollars to do with some things _____. A. remaining; remained to be settled B. remaining; remaining to be settled C. remained; remained to settle D. remained; remaining to settle 8. _____ his age, the little boy read quite well. A. Considering B. Considered C. Consider D. Having considered 9. _____ from the appearance, it is very peaceful; but in fact, a war will break out soon. A. Judged B. Judging C. Having judged D. To judge 10. —Tom enjoys _____ basketball on Sunday afternoons, doesn’t he? — Yes, he does. But what his sister enjoys _____. A. to play; dancing B. playing; to dance C. to play; to dance D. playing; is to dance 11. His letter, _____ to the wrong number, reached me late. A. having been addressed B. to have addressed C. to have been addressed D. being addressed 12. The Space Shuttle Columbia broke into pieces over Texas as it returned to the earth on February 1, 2003, _____ all seven astronauts aboard. A. having killed B. killing C. being killed D. killed 13. There are lots of places of interest _____ in our city. A. needs repairing B. needing repaired C. needed repairing D. needing to be repaired 14. — What caused the party to be put off? — _____ the invitations. A. Tom delayed sending B. Tom’s delaying sending C. Tom delaying to send D. Tom delayed to send 15. I was afraid _____ to my customers because I was afraid _____ them. A. of talking back; to lose B. of talking back; of losing C. to talk back; to lose D. to talk back; of losing 16. Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _____ the flowing of the smog
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】
高中英语语法讲解【非谓语动词】【专题要点】 非谓语动词和独立主格结构主要用法如下： 1.动名词和动词不定式作主语、宾语； 2.只跟动名词作宾语的动词或动词短语； 3.只跟动词不定式作宾语的常见动词； 4.既可以跟动名词又可以跟动词不定式作宾语，且意义不同的动词或短语； 5.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作宾语补足语的区别； 6.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作定语时的区别； 7.不定式、现在分词、过去分词作状语时的区别； 8.动名词的复合结构在句中作状语； 9.there be 结构的两种非谓语形式； 10.独立主格结构在句中作状语； 11.with复合结构在句中作状语或定语。 【教法指引】 非谓语动词包括不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词，是高中英语学习的难点，也是高考考查的重点。高中英语非谓语动词是一个重要考点，教师在引导学生复习备考中要注意重点突出、训练得当，尤其是对以下要点的复习： 1.不定式、现在分词与过去分词的用法区别； 2.非谓语动词的主动式与被动式； 3.非谓语动词完成式的用法； 4.非谓语动词用作伴随状语； 5.非谓语动词用作目的状语； 6.非谓语动词用作结果状语； 7.非谓语动词用作宾语补足语；
8.非谓语动词的逻辑主语问题； 9.非谓语动词用作主语的问题； 10.“（be+）过去分词+介词”结构； 11.动名词的复合结构和there be结构的非谓语动词形式。 对于独立主格结构的复习，教师必须要讲清它的构成方式和在句子中的作用以及与with复合结构和分词之间的辨析的关系。 【知识网络】 非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别 （1）动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。 Smoking is prohibited（禁止）here．这里禁止抽烟。（抽象） It is not very good for you to smoke so much．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。（具体）（2）动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。 不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。 Climbing mountains is interesting．爬山很有趣。（经验） Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。（经验） （3）不定式做主语，一般用it当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。 It took me only five minutes to finish the job.我只花了五分钟的时间来完成这项工作。 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别 （1）不定式作表语 1）不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。 To do two things at a time is to do neither．--次做两件事等于未做。 What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库
人教版英语非谓语动词的用法大全及解析百度文库 一、非谓语动词 1．Young people are encouraged to work hard ____their own dreams. A. achieve B. achieves C. to achieve D. achieved 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：鼓励年轻人努力工作，实现自己的梦想。根据句意可知their own dreams是workhard的目的，常用动词不定式来表示目的，故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式的基本用法——作目的状语。 2．Our teacher often advises us the habit of making notes while reading. A. to develop B. develop C. to developing D. developing 【答案】 A 【解析】【分析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的老师经常建议我们培养在阅读时做笔记的习惯。Advise sbto do sth建议某人做某事，所以选A。 3．—Julia, your mobile phone is ringing. —Wait a minute. It's dangerous ______ it while crossing the street. A. answering B. answer C. to answer 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：—-朱丽亚，你的手机响了。—等一下。过马路时接电话是危险的。It + be + adj. for （of） sb to do sth 某人做某事……，是固定句式，it是形式主语，不定式结构做真正主语。故选C。 【点评】考查动词不定式做主语的句式。熟记此句式，并能熟练运用。 4． Whenever we kids come over, Auntie Susan just stands there and watches us ________ sure we don't break anything. A. make B. made C. to make D. making 【答案】 C 【解析】【分析】句意：无论什么时候我们这些孩子们来到这里，Susan姨妈只是站在那里，看着我们以确保我们不打破什么东西。此处是目的状语，故用动词不定式to make。watch sb do/doing sth看着某人做了/正在做某事，但是make sure的意思是“保证；确保”，在本句中不符合逻辑，故排除AD；watch sth done看着某事被做，也不符合句意，故选