英语句子成分讲解
英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
句子成分
英语的句子成分有主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语
1. 主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。
The sun rises in the east. （名词）
He likes dancing. （代词）
Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词)
Seeing is believing. （动名词）
To see is to believe. （不定式）
What he needs is a book. （主语从句）
It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）Ex
Walls have ears.
He will take you to the hospital.
Three plus four equals seven.
To see is to believe.
Smoking is not allowed in public places.
Whether or not they will come depends on the weather.
2. 谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。
谓语由动词的各种时态语态构成或情态动词加上实义动词原形构成
英语时态语态构成
主动语态被动语态
一般现在时Do/does am/is/are am/is/are done
一般过去时did was/ were was/were done
一般将来时will/shall do will/shall be done
现在进行时am/is/are doing am/is/are being done
过去进行时was/were doing was/were being done
将来进行时will/shall be doing will/shall be being done
现在完成时have/has done have/has been done
过去完成时had done had been done
将来完成时will/shall have done will/shall have been done
现在完成进行时have been doing -------
过去将来时would do would be done
We study English.
Action speaks louder than words.
The chance may never come again.
Mary has been working at the dress shop since 1994
Ex
I leave home for school at 7 every morning.
The earth moves around the sun.
Pride goes before a fall.﹝骄者必败。﹞
I don't want so much.。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well.
Now I put the sugar in the cup.
I am doing my homework now.
Where did you go just now?
When I was a child, I often played football in the street.
Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.
It is time for you to go to bed.
It is time you went to bed.
Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）
Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。）
Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years. （含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）
Could you lend me your bike?
Which paragraph shall I read first？
Will you be at home at seven this evening?
The train leaves at six tomorrow morning.
When does the bus star? It stars in ten minutes.
I'll write to you as soon as I arrive there.
I have been to shanghai.
He has n’t given me any more trouble since then.
It is the first time that I have visited the city.
This is the first time （that）I've heard him sing.
We had hoped that you would come, but you didn't.
He said that he had learned some English before.
By the time he was twelve, Edison had began to make a living by himself.
Tom was disappointed that most of the guests had left when he arrived at the party.
They will have been married for 20 years by then.
You will have reached Shanghai by this time tomorrow.
The leaves are turning red.
It's getting warmer and warmer.
My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.
It was raining when they left the station.
When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.
3. 表语: 系动词或be（am, is, are, was, were）之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词）
Five and five is ten. （数词）
He is asleep. （形容词）
His father is in. （副词）
The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语)
My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词）
To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式）
The question is whether they will come. （表语从句）
常见的系动词有:
“变化”类：(变得)get/ become/ turn/grow/go
“感官”类:（…起来）taste/ smell/ feel/look/sound
“持续”类：（保持）stay/ keep/remain
其他：（似乎）Seem appear
(证明是)turn out/ prove(to be)
It sounds a good idea. The sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
The food smells delicious. The food tastes good.
The door remains open. Now I feel tired.
Ex
My father is a professor.
Who's that? It's me.
Everything here is expensive.
The match became very exciting.
The story of my life may be of help to others.
Three times five is fifteen.
His plan is to seek work in the city.
My first idea was that you should hide your feelings.
4. 宾语：动作的承受者
I like China. （名词）
He hates you. （代词）
How many do you need? We need two. （数词）
We should help the old and the poor.
I enjoy working with you. （动名词）
I hope to see you again. （不定式）
Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句）
注意：
双宾语
He gave me a book yesterday.
Give the poor man some money.
Ex
She covered her face with her hands.
We haven't seen her for a long time.
Do you mind opening the window?
Give me four please.
He wants to dream a nice dream.
We need know what others are doing.
We should care more about our friends.
5. 定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。
Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher.（名词）
He is our friend. （代词）
We belong to the third world. （数词）
He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson.（形容词）
The man over there is my old friend.(副词)
The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister. (介词)
The boys playing football are in Class 2. （现在分词）
The trees planted last year are growing well now. （过去分词）I have an idea to do it well. （不定式）
You should do everything that I do. （定语从句）
Ex
They are woman workers.
Tom's father didn't write home until yesterday.
Mary is a beautiful girl..
The play has three acts.
This is her first trip to Europe.
China is a developing country.
I have nothing to eat.
Those who want to go to Tibet are to sign their names here.
6. 状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., 或整个句子。
表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。（以下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow.
The meeting will be held in the meeting room.
The meat went bad because of the hot weather.
He studies hard to learn English well.
I like some of you very much.
If you study hard, you will pass the exam.
He goes to school by bike.
Though he is young, he can do it well.
Ex
The best fish swim near the bottom.
I left the village five years ago.
I arrived late because of the traffic jam .
We'll send a car to fetch you.
The fish can eat a person in two minutes , leaving only bones
The students came into the classroom, singing and dancing.
If he goes, so will I .
Though he is a child, he knows a lot.
7. 宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。
We elected him monitor. （名词）
We all think it a pity that she didn’t come here. （名）
We will make them happy. （形容词）
We found nobody in. ( 副词)
Please make yourself at home. 介词短语）
Don’t let him do that. （省to不定式）
His father advised him to teach the lazy boy a lesson. （带to不定式）
Don’t keep the lights burning. （现在分词）
I’ll have my bike repaired. （过去分词）
Ex
They elected me captain of the team.
We try to make our country strong.
We found everything in good order there.
I should advise you to get the chance.
I saw him going upstairs.
They found the house broken in.
句子结构----简单句的五个基本句型
主语+系+表语
Our city is at the crossing of some important railways. The city will become rich.
Ex
1. This is an English-Chinese dictionary.
2. The dinner smells good.
3. He fell in love.
4. Everything looks different.
5. He is growing tall and strong.
6. The trouble is that they are short of money.
7. Our well has gone dry.
8. His face turned red.
主语+谓语
1. The sun was shining.
2. The moon rose.
3. The universe remains.
4. We all breathe, eat, and drink.
5. Who cares?
6. What he said does not matter.
7. They talked for half an hour.
8. The pen writes smoothly
主语+谓语+宾语
1. Who knows the answer?
2. She smiled her thanks.
3. He has refused to help them
4. He enjoys reading.
5. They ate what was left over.
6. He said "Good morning."
7. I want to have a cup of tea.
8. He admits that he was mistaken.
主语+谓语+双宾
1. She ordered herself a new dress.
2. She cooked her husband a delicious meal.
3. He brought you a dictionary.
4. He denies her nothing.
5. I showed him my pictures.
6. I gave my car a wash
7. I told him that the bus was late
8. He showed me how to run the machine.
主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语
1They appointed him manager.
2. They painted the door green.
3. This set them thinking.
4. They found the house deserted
5. What makes him think so?
6. We saw him out.
7. He asked me to come back soon.
8. I saw them getting on the bus.
注意：
1. 祈使句没有主语但通常情况下隐含的主语是you
2. 常用的英语句子并不都象基本句型这样简短，这些句子除了基本句型的成分不变外，通常是在这些成分的前面或后面增加一些修饰语而加以扩大。这些修饰语可以是单词（主要是形容词、副词和数词），也可以是各种类型的短语（主要是介词短语、不定式短语和分词短语）。
We found the hall full.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers.
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report
We found the great hall full of students and teachers listening to an important report made by a comrade from the People's Daily on current affairs in East Europe.
3.不同的动词使用的句型也不尽一样，因此在学习动词时，应掌握动词的类型。以get 为例：
He's getting angry.
He got through the window.
You'll get a surprise.
He got his shoes and socks wet.
He got himself into trouble.
He got her a splendid present.
4.在句子中词类和词的位置也影响句子的句型和意思:
I found the book easily. I found the book easy.
I have to do something I have something to do.
Ex
一
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
二
1 On the left of my house is an old church.
2 Why could the boiling point of water be lower at the top of a mountain?
3. I am not going to work today.
4. This thing is for peeling potatoes.
5.What time will you arrive?
6.The Genie promised that if anyone should come and set him free, he would make him very rich.
7. What nationality are you?
8. I couldn’t understand why he had decided to retire at 50.
9. I am terribly confused by all this information.
10. We had already reached 9000 feet by then.
11. She reminded me to switch off all the lights.
12. I’ll be able to pass my driving test after I have had a few lessons.
13. I love swimming. It keeps me fit.
14. It is obvious that money doesn’t grow on trees.
三
1.we are working .
2.I can swim very well .
3.The waiter brought a bottle of beer to me .
4.Why does the wind blow .
5.The rain has been pulling down for a whole day .
6.Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music .
7.Jim asked you to give his best wishes to everyone .
8.You must get the car ready by tomorrow .
9.I have a lot of clothes to wash . I have a lot of clothes to be washed .
10.He gave his son some advice on reading .
11.Read me the first paragraph .
12.I’ve ordered some soup for you .
13.He began leaning English ten years ago .
14.My being late worried my teacher .
15.That president himself would visit our school excited all of us .
16.April’Day is the special day of the year when you play a joke on someone .
17.He usually takes a nap after lunch ,as is his habit .
18.I found the book in the corner of the room.
19.he finished lunch and went into the garden .
20.The telephone rang .
21.We study hard .
22.His father might have died .
23.Will you leave the door open when going out .
24.Can you make the dog stand still ?
25.The landlord had them working day and night .
26.I think a sound knowledge of grammar is important to good writing .
27.We all breathe ,eat, drink .
28.I woke up at 6:00 in the morning .
29.The book weighs five kilos .
30.They will be flying to London .
31.The shop assistant found some certain materials for me .
32.He promised me a new English-Chinese dictionary.
33.Please pass a newly- published to me .
34.He lived in Guang Zhou .
35.The father is showing the boy how to plant trees .
36.His uncle left him some money .
37.She is teaching the piano to several of the village children and she has taught us English for 3 years .
38.I like popular music .
39.She knows what to do next .
40.It excited all of us that the president would visit our school .
初中英语句子成分详解
英语句子成分 The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 按句子成分划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. (主语) (定语) (谓语)(状语) (谓语) (宾语) (定语) 按意群划分，此句为： The students of Class Two are seriously reading the book written by Lu Xun. 一、英语各种成分的基本含义及用法 （一）、主语 主语是全句谈论的中心话题。我们在说一句话的时候，首先要明确我们讲的是“哪个人”？或者是一件“什么事”？或者是一件“什么物体”，等。这些代表“哪个人”、“什么事”、“什么物体”等的部分就是句子的主语。 主语是指句子的某个部分，它可能是一个词，也可能是一个词组，还有可能是一个从句，甚至一句话中会有几个并列的主语等等。所以，英语中很多词类(或词组、从句)都可以做主语。另外，英语中还有一种特殊的主语形式叫“形式主语”，例如：It .... that ...句式等。 1. Peter is a well-known pianist. （名词作主语） 2. Two-thirds of the students are boys in our school. ( 数词词组作主语) 3. He likes reading storybooks. (代词作主语) 4. To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure. （不定式短语作主语） 5. What we shall do next is not yet decided. （从句作主语） 6. It took us two hours to travel around the city by subway. (It 是形式主语, to travel...部分是真正的主语) 请指出下列句中主语的中心词。 1. The teacher with two of her students is walking into the classroom. 2. There is a bird flying in the sky. 3. The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year. 4. It is very difficult to do today's homework without your help. （二）、谓语
(完整版)英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解
一、英语句子成分和英语句子结构讲解： （一）句子成分 1.主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 主语可以由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、分词、主语从句和短语等来担任。 The sun rises in the east.（名词） He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式） What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 找出下列句中的主语： Jane is good at playing the piano.（名词） She went out in a hurry.（代词） Four plus four is eight.（数词） To see is to believe.（不定式） Smoking is bad for health.（动名词） The young should respect the old.（名词化的形容词）What he has said is true. （句子） 2.谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。 简单谓语:由动词或动词词组组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill? He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语：由情态动词或助动词+动词; He can speak English well. She doesn’t seem to like dancing. 找出下列句中的谓语（注：只有动词才可作谓语。）： 1. We love China. 2. We have finished reading this book. 3. He can speak English. 4. She seems tired. 3.表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。
英语简单句句子成分分析
英语句子成分分析（简单句） 教学目标 第一，让孩子们认识到学习英语句子成分的必要性和重要性。 第二，让孩子们能够掌握常见的句子结构，能够学会分析简单句子的成分。 教学方式 多媒体教学。每个知识点可与学生互动，由助教辅助演示课程讲解中的例句、知识点，搜集学生问题，并做出解答。 教学内容 句子成分分析中的词性不做此次的讲述重点，而将重点关注到除词性外的句子结构成分分析上，主要包括： 1、句子基本结构：主谓（宾，宾/宾,宾/宾补）结构和主系表结构； 2、句子成分：表语，定语，状语，宾语补足语，同位语等。 讲稿： 简单句的基本概念 只有一个主谓结构的独立句子叫简单句。在简单句中, 主语和谓语可以由一个词或短语充当，也可以由两个或两个以上的词或短语充当，组成并列的主语或并列的谓语。例如：Mary and Jane woke up and got dressed. 除了主语和谓语外，简单句中还可以有宾语、定语、状语、补语等。 简单句的五种基本句型 主语+ 系动词+ 表语(谓语为系动词+ 表语) They are birds of a feather . 主语+ 动词(不及物动词作谓语) The bus came. rise, fall, arise, exist… 主语+ 动词(及物动词作谓语)+ 宾语The early bird catches the worm . 主语+ 动词(谓语) + 宾语+ 补语I heard the birds singing merrily . 主语+ 动词(谓语) + 间宾+ 直宾She bought Mary a bird . 有些动词可以作及物动词,后面带宾语,也可以作不及物动词, 后面不带宾语,意思上没有什么变化。这类动词常用的有:drink, help, change, clean, cook, draw, lend, save, ride, point, steal, marry, shave, drive, smoke, lecture, sing, wash, write, type, study, learn, iron, spend, eat 等。 例如: The weather changed . We changed our plan. 有些动词既可以是及物动词,也可以是不及物动词,使用的场合不同, 意思有所变化,如: sit,stand, fly, work, mind, air, dress, escape, miss, hang, meet, play, pass, move, press, run, shoot, turn, touch, tend, follow, exercise, hold, count, head, show, win, reflect, propose, cheat, beat, blow hurt, fit, manage, spread, stretch, strike 等。例如: The trees moved in the wind . 树在风中摇曳。The tale moved her to tears .这故事使她感动得落泪。 简单句的句子成分 句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。 一．主语（subject） 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，是一个句子陈述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的
高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固
第1讲句子成分 英语的句子成分主要有六种：即主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语和补语。（可以熟记为：主谓宾，定状补） 除了这六种主要成分之外，还有“表语”和“同位语”的说法。但表语和系动词一起作谓语，因此划分成分时，划分在谓语上。同位语分为主语同位语和宾语同位语，属于主语或宾语的一部分。 考点1.划分句子成分时的常用符号 英语中划句子成分的符号 主语在下面划一直线 谓语在下面划曲线 宾语在下面划双横线 定语在下面划虚线（一行点使我们想到一 排钉子，“钉”谐音为“定语” 的“定”） 状语下面为短横线（短横线使我们想到短 木桩，木桩撞（状）钟） 补语上一短横，下一短横（下一短横好像是 为了弥补上面短横间的空隙） 同位语上下双曲线，（虽都有曲折，上下位置 基本相同 考点2.主语 主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首，通常由名词性的词来充当。 可以作主语的词性或语法结构： 1.名词 2.代词 3.数词 4.名词化的形容词（如the rich） 5.不定式 6.动名词 7.主语从句等表示。 练习1.在下面句子的主语下面划横线，并说出由什么充当 1.During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular. 2.We often speak English in class. 3.One-third of the students in this class are girls. 4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure. 5.Smoking does harm to the health. 6.The rich should help the poor. 7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 8.It is necessary to master a foreign language. 9.That he isn’t at home is not true 练习2.改正下列句中的错误，并说明原因 1.He failed the exam is the reason why he dropped out. 2.That why he was late for school was that his mother was ill. 3.Beyond the mountains lie a small village. 4.Gone is the days when I had to go to school on foot. 5.Play basketball is my favorite sport. 6.Give up English is not an option. 考点3.谓语 谓语由动词充当，说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语的构成如下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. He reads newspapers every day. 2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caugh t a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. （2）由系动词加表语构成。系动词不能单独作谓语，要和表语一起作谓语。如： We are students. Your idea sounds great. 考点4.表语 表语多是形容词，用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。 练习3.划出下列句中的表语，并说明有什么充当。 1.Our teacher of English is an American. 2.Is it yours? 3.The weather has turned cold.
英语句子成分分析大全
英语句子成分分析大全 一个句子至少由两部分构成，即主语和谓语，它们是句子的主要成分。 句子的次要成分包括宾语（包括双宾语中的直接宾语和间接宾语）， 表语，定语（包括前置定语及后置定语），状 语，同位语（包括限制性同位语及非限制性同位语）， 补语及呼语。 一.主语：是一句话的中心，整句话都谈它的情况。 如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) Time flies. （时光飞逝。） 这两句话中分别由代词They ，名词Time 作主语。 二.谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或者状态。 谓语必须由动词或动词短语充当，因此动词不定式、动名词、不能作谓语。 且谓语动词可以体现时态，单复数的语法现象。 如：They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He enjoys singing songs. （他喜欢唱歌。） 这两句话分别由动词were （are 的过去式），enjoys singing （enjoy doing动词短语）作谓语。其中were 体现出句子的时态为过去时态，且主语的人称为第一人称，enjoys singing 体现出句子的时态为一般现在时，且主语的人称为第三人称。 三.宾语：表示动作的承受者。宾语放在及物动词或者介词之后。 如： I play with him. (我和他玩。) I like Chinese food.（我喜欢中国菜。） 这两句话中分别由人称代词 him ，名词food 作宾语。 直接宾语与间接宾语： 有的动词能够接双宾语，直接宾语指的是动词所涉及的物,间接宾语是指受益于动词所表示行为的人。 如：He gave me a book.（他给了我一本书） He gave a book to me 这句话中 a book 为直接宾语， me 为间接宾语。 又如：My mother bought a schoolbag to me.(我妈妈买了一个书包给我。) 这句话中schoolbag 为直接宾语， me 为间接宾语。 四.表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。接在系动词之后，其中接在系动词be 后是最常见的情况。 系动词：看起来闻起来听起来感觉起来总是保持三变。 look smell sound feel be keep get seem turn become 如They were teachers.(他们曾是老师。) He is kind.. (他心地善良。) 这两句话分别由名词teachers，形容词 kind 作表语。 五.定语：是用来说明或限制名词的成分，可分为前置定语和后置定语，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，构成前置定语；相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面，构成后置定语。
英语句子成分很详细的分析
英语语法——英语句子成分分析 句子是按照一定的语法规律组成的，表达一个完整的意义。一个句子一般由两部分构成，即主语部分和谓语部分，这两部分也叫做句子的主要成分。句子的次要成分包括宾语，定语，状语，表语等。句子成分是句子中起一定功用的组成部分。 1）主语：是一句的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词，数词或代词担任，一般放于句首。如：Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends.(我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词students是个名词，we是代词，它们在句中做主语。 2）谓语：是对主语加以陈述，表示主语的行为或状态，常用动词或者动词词组担任，放在主语的后面。如： Students study. (学生学习。) We are friends. (我们是朋友) 这两句话中单词study和are都是动词，study叫做实意动词，are叫做be动词，它们在句中作谓语。 3）宾语：表示行为的对象，常由名词或者代词担任。放在及物动词或者介词之后。如： They are teachers. ( 他们是老师。) I play with him. (我和他一起玩。) 这两句话中单词teachers是名词，单词him是带词，它们在句中作宾语。 4）定语：是用来说明或者限制名词的成分，常用形容词或者相当于形容词的短语或从句担任。形容词放在名词之前，相当于形容词的短语或从句放在名词的后面。如： This is a red sun.(这是个红太阳.) He is a tall boy.（他是个高个子男孩。） 这两句话中单词red和tall都是形容词，它们作定语。 ５）状语是用来说明动词，形容词，副词或整个句子的成分。常由副词担任。修饰动词时可以放在动词之前，也可以放在动词之后；修饰形容词或副词时放在它们之前。如： The students study hard. (这些学生学习努力。) I often write to him. (我常给他写信。) The bag is too heavy. (这个书包太重了。) 这三句话中单词hard 和often修饰的都是动词，第三句话中单词too修饰的是形容词，它们都作状语。 ６）表语：用来说明主语的性质或状态。一般由名词或者形容词担任。如：This table is long. (这个桌子是长的。) 通常情况下,主语和宾语前的成分是定语，谓语前的成分是状语，时间词作状语放在句子后面。句子的成分分布如下： （定语）主语（状语）谓语（定语）宾语（状语） 如：(The tall) boy (often) go (to the big) zoo. (The happy) child --- went (his) home yesterday. 请分析下面句子的结构说出各个成分
英语句子成分分析80360
英语句子成分讲座· 1.主语 句子一般要有主语。在简单句中，主语一般由名词、代词、或动词(短语) 来充当。、动词作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。 ■名词作主语 English is very important. 英语是很重要的。 The students all love their English teacher. 这些学生都爱他们的英语老师。 ■代词作主语 They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 ■作主语 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。 It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。 ■动词(短语)作主语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。 2.谓语 谓语必须由动词充当，但动词、、分词为非谓语动词不能作谓语。可作谓语的动词一般为行为动词(表动作)和(表状态)，行为动词根据其后是否可直接接宾语，又可分为和。 ■作谓语 We should help each other. 我们应该互相帮助。
They respect one another. 他们互相尊重(对方)。 All of the students like the novel. 所有这些学生都喜欢这本小说。 Did you see many people there? 你在那儿看见许多人了吗? ■作谓语 He left here yesterday. 他昨天离开这儿。 You’re driving too fast. 你开车开得太快了。 The teacher came in, book in hand. 老师走进教室，手里拿着书。 He went abroad in the September of 1988. 他于____年9月出国。 ■连系动词表状态 He is an excellent teacher. 他是位优秀的教师。 Her son is a friend of ours. 她的儿子是我们的朋友。 Ours is a great country. 我们的国家是一个伟大的国家。 The box itself is not so heavy. 箱子本身并不重。 3.表语 表语与连系动词连用，构成，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、、动词、分词等充当。如： They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
英语句子成分讲解(详细)
英语句子成分讲解 一、定义 1.词类： 名词(n.)：表示人或事物的名称。名词分为专有名词和普通名词；普通名词分为可数名词和不可数名词；可数名词分为个体名词和集合名词；不可数名词分为物质名词和抽象名词。 动词(v.)：表示动作或状态等。动词根据其后是否可直接跟宾语，可分为两类，分别是：及物动词(可直接跟宾语)、不及物动词(不能直接跟宾语，若要跟宾语，必须加上某个介词)。 形容词(adj.)：用来修饰名词或代词。形容词用来修饰名词或代词，表示人或事物的性质、状态，和特征的程度好坏，与否。形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing结尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后。 副词(adv.)：用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。副词是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词，是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为：地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。 介词(prep.)：用在名词、代词等前面，表示与别的词的关系。介词是一种用来表示词与词、词与句之间的关系的虚词，在句中不能单独作句子成分。介词后面一般跟名词代词或相当于名词的其他词类，短语或从句作它的宾语。介词和它的宾语构成介词词组，在句中作状语，表语，补语或介词宾语。介词分为：地点(位置、范围)介词、方向(目标趋向)介词、时间介词、方式介词、涉及介词、其他介词。 连词(conj.)：用来连接词与词或句与句。连词是一种虚词，它不能独立担任句子成分而只起连接词与词，短语与短语以及句与句的作用。连词主要可分为两类：并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用来连接平行的词、词组和分句。从属连词用来引导名词性从句和状语从句。 冠词(art.)：用在名词前帮助说明其词义。冠词是位于名词或名词词组之前或之后，在句子里主要是对名词起限定作用的词。冠词是一种虚词，分为定冠词the和不定冠词a、an。 代词(pron.)：用来代替名词或数词等。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词，按其意义、特征及在句中的作用分为：人称代词、物主代词、指示代词、反身代词、相互代词、疑问代词、关系代词、连接代词和不定代词九种。 数词(num.)：用来表示数量或顺序。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词；表示顺序的数词叫序数词，序数词表示排列的顺序。 感叹词(int.)：表示说话时的感情或口气。 2.句子成分： 主语：主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物，主语一般由名词、代词、名词化了的动词、形容词、分词、副词或数词等、动词不定式或不定式短语、从句、某些固定词组等来充当。 谓语：谓语在句子中说明主语的动作，具有的特征或所处的状态。一般放在主语之后。谓语是由简单动词或动词短语（助动词/情态动词+主要动词）构成。 宾语：宾语是指一个动作的接受者。宾语分为直接宾语和间接宾语两大类，其中直接宾语指该动作的直接对象，间接宾语说明动作是非直接的，但也是受该动作影响的对象。一般而言，及物动词后面最少要有一个宾语，而该宾语通常为直接宾语，有些及物动词要求两个宾语，则这两个宾语通常一个为直接宾语，另一个为间接宾语。宾语一般由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来充当。 表语：表语是说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的词或从句，它常位于系动词（be、become、appear、seem、look、sound、feel、get、smell等词）之后。表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动名词、不定式、从句等来充当。
英语句子成分分析 完整版
英语句子成分 主语 主语一般由名词、代词、动名词或动词不定式(短语) 来充当。动名词、动词不定式作主语时通常用it 作形式主语。 ■名词作主语English is very important. 英语是很重要的。 ■代词作主语They go to school by bus. 他们乘公共汽车上学。 ■动名词作主语It’s no use regretting it. 后悔是无用的。 Watching TV too much is bad for your eyes. 看电视太多对你的眼睛是有害的。■动词不定式(短语)作主语To see is to believe. 眼见为实。 It is very hard to get to sleep. 入睡很难。 ■主语从句What we can’t get seems better than what we have. 表语 表语与连系动词连用，构成系表结构，说明主语的身份或特征，一般由形容词、名词、动名词、动词不定式、分词等充当。如： They are brother and sister. 他们是兄妹。 What I want to say is this. 我想说的就是这点。 Her father is sixty-five. 她父亲65岁。 John is captain of the team. 约翰是足球队的队长。 The poor boy was myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。 The ones who really want it are ourselves. 真正想要它的是我们自己。 All you need do is to take a taxi from the airport. 你只需从机场打个的即可。 My favourite sport is swimming. 我最喜爱的运动是游泳。 The fact is that she never knew the secret. 宾语 宾语是行为动作的对象，一般可分为动词宾语和介词宾语，充当宾语的可以是名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或整个句子。如： I like Chinese food. 我喜欢中国菜。 I bought a ticket for Milan. 我买了一张去米兰的车票。 I enjoyed talking to you. 我和你谈话很高兴。 Have you finished dressing? 你衣服穿好了吗? He certainly did not want to join them. 他确实不想参加他们的活动。 They decided to close the border. 他们决定封闭边境。 We hoped that all would come well. 我们希望一切都会好转。 We expected that you would stay for a few days. 我们预计你会待几天的。 定语 定语为句子的次要成分，起修饰限制名词或代词的作用，可分为前置定语和后置定语。一般由形容词性物主代词、数词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词(短语) 或句子充当。 His father is a doctor. 他父亲是一名医生。 Mr. Green has two sons. 格林先生有两个儿子。 The girl under the tree is Kate. 在树底下的那个女孩是凯特。 The man downstairs couldn’t sleep w ell. 楼下的那个人不能睡好觉。 I bought a new dictionary. 我买了本新字典。
(完整版)初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解 英语句子与汉语句子一样，都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此，只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分，才能正确分析、理解句子的含义，并能准确地遣词造句，逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。 【问】什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分? 【答】组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。 1.主语：是句子要说明的人或事物，是句子的主体，一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当.位于动词之前 The car is running fast.(名词) We are students.(代词) One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词) It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式) Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词) 【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。 2.谓语：说明主语的动作或状态，也是句子的主体部分，一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语，连系动词与表语一起构成谓语，情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语，助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如： He works in a factory.(实义动词) I felt cold.(系动词+表语) How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词) Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词) They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词) 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。 3.宾语：是及物动词所涉及的对象问什么谁。如： He is doing his homework.(名词) They did nothing this morning.(代词) She wants to go home.(不定式) We enjoy playing football.(动名词) 【注意】①有的动词可接双宾语，间接宾语指人，直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有：give，buy，lend，pass，tell，leave等。如： He bought me a book. Pass me the ball，will you?(间宾+直宾) 直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后，但若把直接宾语放在前面，则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for等。如： Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾) Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾) 4.定语：用于修饰名词或代词，一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如： What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词) She is a chemistry teacher.(名词) There are two students in the classroom.(数词) We have something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
英语句子成分分析及练习
英语句子成分分析菜鸟自学版 此讲义为leon老师辛苦成果 要的是真“功夫”——句子成分的分析 这一节我们专门侃侃句子成分的分析，句子的成分主要有：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、宾语补足语，其中，主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语是句子的主干，定语、状语是句子的“枝叶”） 的， （一只黑色的豿） a和 black 都是定语，来修饰限定dog.，是一只（a）不是两只、三只，是黑色（black）不是白色的、黄色的等等 介词短语在这里是作定语修饰book，课桌上（on the desk）上的那本书，不是房间里的、凳子上的等等. 经常作定语的有哪些呢？主要有：形容词、介词短语、冠词、代词（比如：his book 中his 是来作定语来修饰book的）数词。其中，形
容词、介词短语作定语最常见，而且要注意其位置，形容词作定语一 般在修饰词之前（前置定语），介词短语一般在修饰词之后（后置定 语）。 在句子分析实践过程中我们可能常遇到的疑难问题。 1）是状语还是定语？区别是定语还是状语关键是看修饰什么词的，一般来讲，定语是来修饰名词或代词的，状语是来修饰谓语动词的。 例如； I like the book on the desk . 你说这里的划线部分是作定语的还是作状语的呢？显然，是作定语的，因为如果是作状语的，那么就是来修饰动词like的，他在课桌上喜欢那本书，显然讲不通。也就是说到底是定语还是状语一是根据它修饰的词二是根据句子意思看能否讲的通。 2）是状语还是宾语补足语？有时区别是状语还是宾语补足语会有一定的困难,大家看下面的例子： I found a book on the desk. 大家可以试着分析分析这个句子，你会发现你把划线部分理解为句子的状语还是理解为宾语补足语都是讲的通滴，理解状语则为：我在课桌上发现了一本书。理解宾补则为：我发现一本书在桌子上。那到底是什么成分呢，要知道像这样的句子连语法学家整天都在争吵个不休，这个说是宾补，那个说是状语，所以遇到这种情况的话，就不要非的找出个结果来，不过这样的句子如果放到具体的上下文中，就只有一种理解了。 3)对于不及物动词后面加介词或副词之后带宾语的处理 在分析句子过程中，我们可能遇到这样的句子： I am looking for Jack. 上面这个句子我们把它分析为主谓合适呢，还是分析为主谓宾合适呢？大家知道：look是个不及物动词，但是如果在它后面加上介词for就相当于及物动词了，所以说这个句型你可以把它看作主谓句型，也可以把它看作主谓宾句型 I am looking for Jack 主谓状
英语句子成分讲解
句子结构成份讲解及练习题 主语：就是一个句子述的对象，或是动作的执行者。它回答的是“谁”“什么”的问题。如：我看书。谁看书？ “我”。“我”就是这句子的主语。主语由名词或相当于名词的词充当。（如动词不定式，动名词，代词都可作主语，主语从句）主语（subject）: 句子说明的人或事物。 The sun rises in the east. （名词）He likes dancing. （代词） Twenty years is a short time in history. (数词) Seeing is believing. （动名词） To see is to believe. （不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句） It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree. （It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语） 谓语：说明主语是什么，干什么，怎么样。它回答的是主语“干什么，是什么”的问题。如上句中主语“我” 干什么？“看书”。“看书”就是谓语。一个句子，一般都可分成主、谓两大部分（祈使句是省主句）。再细分又可分成谓语（动词）、宾语，表语，补语（包括宾补和主补），定语，状语，同位语等。如第一例中谓语部分可划分成谓语（看）和宾语（书）。谓语部分中心词一定要是一个动词，要么是行为动词，要么是系动词，不同的动词构成不同的句子类型。句子的各种时态、人称和数的变化都在谓语动词上变。谓语（predicate）: 说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English. He is asleep. 宾语：指谓语动词所涉及的对象，由名、代、数，宾语从句等相当于名词的词句充当，但人称代词要用 宾格。如：还说上例。谓语动词是“看”，看什么？看“书”，“书”是动词“看”所涉及的对象，是“看”的宾语。需要说明的是：只有及物动词和介词或相当于及物动词和介词的短语才可带宾语。宾语：1）动作的承受者-----动宾 I like China. （名词）He hates you. （代词） How many do you need? We need two. （数词） We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you. （动名词） I hope to see you again. （不定式）Did you write down what he said? （宾语从句） 2）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-----介宾 Are you afraid of the snake? Under the snow, there are many rocks. 3）双宾语-----间宾（指人）和直宾（指物） He gave me a book yesterday. Give the poor man some money. 表语：是和系动词紧密相连的。在述句中系动词后面的就是表语，这就是“主系表”结构。作表语的也是 名词性的词，也可以是从句。表语（predicative）: 系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特征。He is a teacher. （名词）Seventy-four! You don’t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten. （数词）He is asleep. （形容词） His father is in. （副词）The picture is on the wall. ( 介词短语) My watch is gone / missing / lost. （形容词化的分词） To wear a flower is to say “I’m poor, I can’t buy a ring. （不定式） The question is whether they will come. （表语从句） （常见的系动词有: be, sound（听起来）, look（看起来）, feel(摸起来，smell（闻起来）, taste（尝、吃起来）, remain（保持，仍是）, feel（感觉）... It sounds a good idea. It sound sounds strange. Her voice sounds sweet. Tom looks thin.
高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固
高中英语句子成分分析讲解即时练习巩固 文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]
第1讲句子成分
英语句子的基本结构可以归纳成五种基本句型及其扩大、组合、省略或倒装。掌握这五种基本句型，是掌握各种英语句子结构的基础。 英语五种基本句型结构如下： 主语谓语 用符号表示为： ①ＳＶ（主＋谓） ②ＳＶＯ（主＋谓＋宾） ③ＳＶｏＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） ④ＳＶＯＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） ⑤ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 主语（subject）谓语 （predicate）、 宾语（object）定语 （attribute） 状语(adverbial) 补语 （complement） 表语（predicative） 考点1.基本句型一：ＳＶ（主＋谓） 这类句子的谓语动词都是不及物动词，都不带宾语，但可以带状语，常见的不及物动词有： act, come, go, work, last, fall, cry, disappear, appear, smile, rise, ring，live, look, listen, laugh, hurry, talk, sleep, retire, graduate, die, care, agree, jump, fail, wait, succeed, stay, sit, lie, shine, happen, take place, rain, snow, ect. 如: It is raining now. (ＳＶ) We've worked for 5 hours. (ＳＶ) The meeting lasted half an hour. (ＳＶ) Time flies. (ＳＶ) 练习1.分析下列句子成分，并在后面括号内标明属于五种基本句型中的哪一种 1.Dark clouds hung overhead. ( ) 2.Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( ) 3.He is smiling all over his face. ( ) 4.I did well in English. ( ) 5.He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( ) 考点2.基本句型二：ＳＶＰ（主＋系＋表） 系动词主要是be. 但还有一些动词有些时候 也可作系动词，有人称之为半系动词。 I.如何辨别系动词 有些动词既可作连系动词，又可以作实义动词。如何来辨别呢有一个最简便的方法，即用连系动词be替换句子中的这些动词，句子仍然成立就是连系动词；反之，不能替换 的，就是行为动词。如： vi. vt. . 宾语 宾语（间）宾语（直）宾语宾语补足语 表语 ① ⑤ ② ④ ③
英语句子成分划分详解
概念句子是由词按照一定的语法结构组成的。组成句子的各个部分叫做句子的成分。句子的成分包括：主语、谓语、表语、宾语（直接和间接宾语）、宾语补足语、定语和状语。主语和谓语是句子的主体部分（在英语中，一般句子必须有主语和谓语），表语、宾语和宾语的补足语是谓语里的组成部分。其他成份如定语和状语是句子的次要成分。 ▲句子成分分类1．主语主语是谓语讲述的对象，表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。一般由名词、代词、不定代词或相当于名词的单词或短语来充当，也有从句充当的现象。大多数主语都在句首。如： 讲述“谁”We work in a big factory. 讲述“什么”The classroom is very big. 数词作主语Three are enough. 三个人就够了 不定式作主语To operate on the blind is one of the ORBIS Doctor’s job. 从句作主语What we need is food. 我们最需要的是食物. ▲在“There be …”句型中，主语的位置在中间。如：There are some bottles of milk in the box. ▲在个别句型中，主语在整个句子后面，这时前面用it作形式主语。如： It is very interesting to play the game called “treat or trick”. It took two workers about three months to build the house. 2．谓语谓语时用来说明主语“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”，谓语必须是动词，谓语和主语在“人称”和“数”两方面必须一致。如： He is very generous. She looks very smart and cool We have finished the job. He can speak German. 3．表语表语说明主语“是什么”或“怎么样”，由名词、形容词、介词、副词、不定式及相当于名词的词或短语来充当，它的位置在系动词后面。 形容词作表语You look younger than before. 名词作表语My father is a teacher. 副词作表语Everyone is here. 介词短语作表语They are at the theatre.不定式作表语My job is to teach them English. 动名词作表语Her job is training the nurses.从句作表语That is why he didn’t come to school yesterday. 4．宾语▲宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词、代词、不定式、或相当于名词的词或短语或从句来充当，它和谓语动词一起说明主语是什么，通常放在谓语动词后面。有时，会有双宾语。如： 名词作宾语He never forgives others for their mistakes. 代词做宾语He often helps me. 不定式作宾语He likes to sleep in the open air .动名词作宾语The Americans enjoyed living in China. 从句做宾语I believe that they can finish the work in time. ▲直接宾语和间接宾语及物动词作谓语时，后面要跟宾语，宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。直接宾语是及物动词的对象。但有些动词除了直接宾语外，还需要有一个间接宾语，间接宾语表语动作是对谁做的，所以只能用名词或代词来充当。如：We brought them some food.主谓间宾直宾 间接宾语可以放在直接宾语后面，但必须加to 或for。 5．宾语的补足语在英语的句子中有些句子里只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思，还必须在宾语后面加上宾语的补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语＋宾语补足语”合起来称为复合宾语。复合宾语所表达的意