ASTM D3359-09 标准试验方法 胶带法测量附着力

Designation: D 3359 – 02

名称： D 3359-02

Standard Test Methods for

Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test1

ASTM D3359-09 标准试验方法胶带法测量附着力

This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3359; the number immediately

following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

这个标准是D 3359确定了以后发行的。数字代表名称最初通过的时间，或者修订情况，和最新版本。括号内的数字代表最新重新审批时间。上标代表最新版本的变化或重新审批。

This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense.

该标准已经被国防机构部门批准使用。

1. Scope 范围

1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing the adhesion of coating films to metallic substrates by applying and removing pressure-sensitive tape over cuts made in the film.

本标准提出的试验方法是规定通过在漆膜切割区施加和撕离压敏胶带的方式，对漆膜与金属底材之间的附着力进行评定的程序

1.2 Test Method A is primarily intended for use at job sites while Test Method B is more suitable for use in the laboratory. Also, Test Method B is not considered suitable for

films thicker than 5 mils (125μm).

试验方法A主要是供工作场所用，而试验方法B更适合实验室使用。试验方法B被视为不适合厚度超过 5毫英寸（125微米）的漆膜。

NOTE 1—Subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller,Test Method B can be used for thicker films if wider spaced cuts are employed.

注 1-根据买卖双方的协议，如果切割间距较宽，漆膜较厚时可采用试验方法B。

1.3 These test methods are used to establish whether the adhesion of a coating to a

substrate is at a generally adequate level. They do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measurement are required.

本标准规定的试验方法用于总体判定涂层与底材之间的附着力是否达到足够的水平。如果附着力较高，本标准规定的试验方法无法精确地区分附着力的差别，需要使用更精确的测量方法。

NOTE 2—It should be recognized that differences in adherability of the coating surface can affect the results obtained with coatings having the same inherent adhesion.

注2-应该注意到，涂层内在附着力相同的情况下，涂覆面附着性的差别会影响测量结果。

1.4 In multicoat systems adhesion failure may occur between coats so that the adhesion of the coating system to the substrate is not determined.

多层涂层体系可能出现层间脱落，无法确定涂层体系与底材之间的附着力。

1.5 The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard. The values given in parentheses are for information only.

SI单位的数值被视为标准，括号内的数值仅供参考.

1.6 This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations

prior to use.

本标准并没有指出与其使用相关的所有安全事项。本标准的用户应负责在使用之前采取适当的安全和卫生措施，并确定各项管理限制条件的适用性

2. Referenced Documents 参考文件

2.1 ASTM Standards: 美国材料与试验协会标准

D 609 Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint, Varnish, Conversion Coatings, and Related Coating Products2

D609-涂料,清漆,转化涂层和相关覆层产品的测试-用冷轧钢板制备的标准实施规范

D 823 Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint, Varnish, and Related Products on Test Panels2

D823-色漆,清漆,喷漆及有关产品制成厚度均匀漆膜试片的方法

D 1000 Test Method For Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applications3

D1000-电气设备用压合敏感胶粘剂涂覆带的试验方法

D 1730 Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting4

D1730- 涂漆用铝和铝合金表面预处理标准实施规范

D 2092 Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated (Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for Painting5

D2092-用于涂漆的镀锌钢材表面预处理的标准指南

D 2370 Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings2

D2370-有机涂层抗拉性能的标准试验方法。

D 3330 Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape 6

D3330- 压敏胶带剥离强度测试标准

D 3924 Specification for Standard Environment for Conditioning and Testing Paint, Varnish, Lacquer, and Related Materials2

D 3924-色漆,清漆,喷漆和相关物质状态调节和试验用标准环境规范

D 4060 Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser2

D 4060 -用泰伯尔磨蚀机测定有机涂层耐磨性的标准试验方法

3. Summary of Test Methods 试验方法摘要

3.1 Test Method A—An X-cut is made through the film to the substrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the cut and then removed, and adhesion is assessed qualitatively on the 0 to 5 scale.

试验方法A：一个X切口贯通漆膜和底材，在切口处施加和移除压敏胶带，粘附力按照0-5等级进行评估。

3.2 Test Method B—A lattice pattern with either six or eleven cuts in each direction is made in the film to the substrate, pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the lattice and then removed, and adhesion is evaluated by comparison with descriptions and illustrations. 试验方法B：在涂层与底材之间切割出六道或十一道格形状的切痕，在格之间施加和移除压敏胶带，通过图表描述对比来评估粘附力。

4. Significance and Use 意义和用途

4.1 If a coating is to fulfill its function of protecting or decorating a substrate, it must adhere to it for the expected service life. Because the substrate and its surface preparation (or lack of it) have a drastic effect on the adhesion of coatings, a method to evaluate adhesion of a coating to different substrates or surface treatments, or of different coatings to the same substrate and treatment, is of considerable usefulness in the industry.

如果涂层能保护或装饰底材，必须要达到预期的服务寿命。因为涂层的附着性对底材和其表面处理（或

缺乏）有强烈的影响，用同一种方法来评估不同底材涂层或表面处理，或同一底材和表面处理但不同涂层被视为无用

1 These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01 on Paint and Related Coatings, Materials, and Applications and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee

D01.23 on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films.

Current edition approved Aug. 10, 2002. Published October 2002. Originally published as

D 3359 – 74. Last previous edition D 3359 – 97.

2Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.01.

3Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 10.01.

4Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 02.05.

5Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 06.02.

6 Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 15.09.

此测试方法在美国材料与试验协会D01是关于油漆和相关涂层、材料、应用软件和关于油漆涂层的物理性能D01.23的权限下进行的。

最新版本在2002年8月10号被认可。2002年10月出版。最初出版是D3359-74，上一个版本是D3359-97。4.2 The limitations of all adhesion methods and the specific limitation of this test method to lower levels of adhesion (see1.3) should be recognized before using it. The intra- and inter-laboratory precision of this test method is similar to other widely-accepted tests

for coated substrates (for example, Test Method D 2370 and Test Method D 4060), but this is partly the result of it being insensitive to all but large differences in adhesion. The limited scale of 0 to 5 was selected deliberately to avoid a false impression of being sensitive.

在使用前，应承认所有附着力方法的局限性和这个试验方法对较低级附着力（见1.3）的特殊限制。内部多个实验室所进行的精密度的这种测试方法类似于其他已被广泛接受涂层测试(如测试方法D2370及测试方法D4060),为避免敏感的假象而刻意限定0-5等级范围。

TEST METHOD A—X-CUT TAPE TEST试验方法A：划X法胶带测试

5. Apparatus and Materials 仪器和材料

5.1 Cutting Tool—Sharp razor blade, scalpel, knife or other cutting devices. It is of particular importance that the cutting edges be in good condition.

切削刀具：——锋利的刀片、手术刀、刀或者其他切削设备。

5.2 Cutting Guide—Steel or other hard metal straightedge to ensure straight cuts.

引导切割——钢制或其他金属制的直尺或夹具来保证直线切割。

5.3 Tape—25-mm (1.0-in.) wide semitransparent pressure sensitive tape7 with an adhesion strength agreed upon by the supplier and the user is needed. Because of the variability in adhesion strength from batch-to-batch and with time, it is essential that tape from the same batch be used when tests are to be run in different laboratories. If this is not possible， the test method should be used only for ranking a series of test coatings.

胶带——经供应商和用户同意的25mm宽的半透明的透明具有粘合力压敏胶粘带。因为粘合力是随着时间和批次不同是变化的，故各个实验室进行测试时所使用的胶带要是同一批次的。如果无法做到这一点，此测试方法应仅适用于一系列涂层测试的排名。

5.4 Rubber Eraser, on the end of a pencil.

铅笔一头的橡皮擦

5.5 Illumination—A light source is helpful in determining whether the cuts have been made through the film to the substrate.

照明灯源（如手电筒）——当在漆膜与底材之间开有切割时，光源是有很有帮助的。

6. Test Specimens 试样

6.1 When this test method is used in the field, the specimen is the coated structure or article on which the adhesion is to be evaluated.

当这个试验方法在实地使用时，被测试的结构或物品上的粘附力都将要被评估。

6.2 For laboratory use apply the materials to be tested to panels of the composition and surface conditions on which it is desired to determine the adhesion.

实验室使用申请材料进行试验,通过测试板的成份的和表面情况来评估附着力。

NOTE 3—Applicable test panel description and surface preparation methods are given in Practice D 609 and Practices D 1730 and D 2092.

备注3：——适用的测试板描述和表面处理方法见D 609和D 1730、D 2092。

NOTE 4—Coatings should be applied in accordance with Practice D 823, or as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.

备注4：——涂层应按照D 823，或者买方和卖方之间所达成的协议。

NOTE 5—If desired or specified, the coated test panels may be subjected to a preliminary exposure such as water immersion, salt spray, or high humidity before conducting the tape test. The conditions and time of exposure will be governed by ultimate coating use or shall be agreed upon between the purchaser and seller.

备注5：——如需要或已列明，规定，涂层测试板在进行测试前可能需先暴露于/ 如：浸在水中，盐雾或高湿度中。浸泡的时间和条件应取决于涂层产品的最终用途或者买方和卖方之间达成的协议。

7. Procedure 程序

7.1 Select an area free of blemishes and minor surface imperfections. For tests in the field, ensure that the surface is clean and dry. Extremes in temperature or relative humidity may affect the adhesion of the tape or the coating.

在实地做此试验时，需确保试样涂层表面要清洁干燥。高温和高湿会影响胶带附着力。

7.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: After immersion, clean and wipe the surface with an appropriate solvent which will not harm the integrity of the coating. Then dry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.

根据买方和卖方之间双方达成的协议，对于被浸泡的样件，浸泡完以后用适当的溶剂（不能损害涂层）擦净表面，然后让其干燥

7.2 Make two cuts in the film each about 40 mm (1.5 in.) long that intersect near their middle with a smaller angle of between 30 and 45°. When maki ng the incisions, use the straightedge and cut through the coating to the substrate in one steady motion.

用刀具沿直线稳定地切割漆腊至底材，夹角30-45°，划线40mm长，交叉点在线长的中间

7.3 Inspect the incisions for reflection of light from the metal substrate to establish

that the coating film has been penetrated. If the substrate has not been reached make another X in a different location. Do not attempt to deepen a previous cut as this may affect adhesion along the incision.

用灯光照明查看钢质基底的反射，确定划痕是否到底材，如果没有，在不同位置再划一个X。不要试图加深以前切口的深度，这样可能影响切口处的附着性。

7.4 Remove two complete laps of the pressure-sensitive tape from the roll and discard. Remove an additional length at a steady (that is, not jerked) rate and cut a piece about 75 mm (3 in.) long.

除去压敏胶带上面的两圈，然后以稳定的速率拉开胶带，剪下长约75mm胶带。

7.5 Place the center of the tape at the intersection of the cuts with the tape running in the same direction as the smaller angles. Smooth the tape into place by finger in the area of the incisions and then rub firmly with the eraser on the end of a pencil. The color under the transparent tape is a useful indication of when good contact has been made.

把胶带中间放在切割处的交叉点上，用手指压平，为了保证胶带与涂层接触良好，再用铅笔顶端的橡皮

擦用力摩平胶带，透过透明胶带析颜色可以帮助我们看出与漆膜接触的状态密实程度

7.6 Within 90 ±30 s of application, remove the tape by seizing the free end and pulling it off rapidly (not jerked) back upon itself at as close to an angle of 180° as poss ible.

在贴上胶带90±30 秒内，扯住胶带悬空的一端，快速地并尽可能确保拉力沿180的方向进行撕离胶带。

7.7 Inspect the X-cut area for removal of coating from the substrate or previous coating and rate the adhesion in accordance with the following scale:

按照下列标准进行检查底材涂层脱落的X切口面积情况:

5A No peeling or removal,没有脱皮或脱皮

4A Trace peeling or removal along incisions or at their intersection,

沿刀痕或在其交叉口处有脱皮或脱落的痕迹

3A Jagged removal along incisions up to 1.6 mm (1/16 in.) on either side,

刀痕两边都有缺口状脱落达1.6mm

2A Jagged removal along most of incisions up to 3.2 mm (1/8 in.) on either side,

刀痕两边都有缺口状脱落达3.2mm

1A Removal from most of the area of the X under the tape,

胶带下的X区域内大部分脱落

0A Removal beyond the area of the X.

脱落面各超出X区域。

7.8 Repeat the test in two other locations on each test panel. For large structures make sufficient tests to ensure that the adhesion evaluation is representative of the whole surface.

在每个测试板的另外两个地方重复测试。对大型结构需充分试验以保证了粘合力评估以代表整个表面。

7.9 After making several cuts examine the cutting edge and, if necessary, remove any flat spots or wire-edge by abrading lightly on a fine oil stone before using again. Discard cutting tools that develop nicks or other defects that tear the film.

切割了几个切口以后，检查切口边，如果需要，使用以前用油石轻微磨擦去除斑点、除尖角

Report 报告

8.1 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, and for coating systems, where the failure occurred that is, between first coat and substrate, between first and second coat, etc.

记录试验的数次及相关意思和范围，对于涂层系统，失效发生在哪里，发生在第一个涂层和基体之间，

还是在第一与第二涂层之间。

8.2 For field tests report the structure or article tested, the location and the environmental conditions at the time of testing.

实地测试时，报告需注明涂层系统、施工时间、固化情况。

8.3 For test panels report the substrate employed, the type of coating, the method of cure, and the environmental conditions at the time of testing.

记录测试板所用的底材，涂层的类型，处理的方法，和试验时的环境情况。

8.4 If the adhesion strength of the tape has been determined in accordance with Test Methods D 1000 or D 3330, report the results with the adhesion rating(s). If the adhesion strength of the tape has not been determined, report the specific tape used and its manufacturer.

如果胶带的附着力已确定符合D 1000 或者 D 3330，记录附着力等级的结果。如果胶带附着力大小未确定，记录所使用的胶带细节及其生产厂家。

8.5 If the test is performed after immersion, report immersion conditions and method of sample preparation.

如果试验在浸泡以后再进行，记录浸泡的条件和试样准备方法。

9. Precision and Bias 8 精度和偏差

9.1 In an interlaboratory study of this test method in which operators in six laboratories made one adhesion measurement on three panels each of three coatings covering a wide range of adhesion, the within-laboratories standard deviation was found to be 0.33 and the between-laboratories 0.44. Based on these standard deviations, the following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidence level:

在多个实验室进行的测试方法。操作者在6个实验室内的3个平板上（各涂层上进行一系列附着力测量，做同一个附着力测试。在同一个实验室的标准偏差为0.33,在不同实验室发现偏差为0.44.以这些标准偏差为基础，以下标准应该用来确定结果的可行性有95%的可信度。

9.1.1 Repeatability—Provided adhesion is uniform over a large surface, results obtained by the same operator should be considered suspect if they differ by more than 1 rating unit

for two measurements.

重复性：假定在一个大表面的附着力是一致的，同一个操作者两次测量得到的结果差异超过一个单位等级，那麽将被认为是不可信的。

9.1.2 Reproducibility—Two results, each the mean of triplicates, obtained by different

operators should be considered suspect if they differ by more than 1.5 rating units.

再现性：取每个操作者3次测量的均值，如果得到的两个结果超过1.5个单位等级，那麽将被认为是不可

信的。

9.2 Bias cannot be established for these test methods.

用这些测试方法不能确定偏差。

TEST METHOD B—CROSS-CUT TAPE TEST 测试方法B：划格法胶带测试

10. Apparatus and Materials 器具和材料

10.1 Cutting Tool9—Sharp razor blade, scalpel, knife or other cutting device having a

cutting edge angle between 15 and 30° that will make either a single cut or several cuts

at once. It is of particular importance that the cutting edge or edges be in good condition. 切割刀具：——锋利的刀刃、手术刀、刀或者其他切削设备（刀刃在15-30度之间），切削单个切口或多

个切口。切割边缘情况良好是特别重要的。

10.2 Cutting Guide—If cuts are made manually (as opposed to a mechanical apparatus) a

steel or other hard metal straightedge or template to ensure straight cuts.

切割指南：如果是手动切削，钢制或其他金属制的直尺或夹具来保证直线切割。

10.3 Rule—Tempered steel rule graduated in 0.5 mm for measuring individual cuts.

尺子：用刻度为0.5mm间距的尺子

10.4 Tape, as described in 5.3.

胶带：见5.3

10.5 Rubber Eraser, on the end of a pencil.

铅笔一头的橡皮擦

10.6 Illumination, as described in 5.5.

照明描述见5.5

10.7 Magnifying Glass—An illuminated magnifier to be used while making individual cuts and examining the test area.

放大镜——照明放大器。

11. Test Specimens 试样

11.1 Test specimens shall be as described in Section 6. It should be noted, however, that multitip cutters10 provide good results only on test areas sufficiently plane that all

cutting edges contact the substrate to the same degree. Check for flatness with a straight edge such as that of the tempered steel rule(10.3).

试样要求需同第6部分。应当记录，只有当试验区域足够平使切口在同一程度接触底材时，得到好的结

果。

12. Procedure程序

12.1 Where required or when agreed upon, subject the specimens to a preliminary test before conducting the tape test (see Note 3). After drying or testing the coating, conduct the tape test at room temperature as defined in Specification D 3924, unless D 3924 standard temperature is required or agreed.

当需要或已达成协议时,进行试验以前样本要经过初步测试（见注3）。经过烘干或涂层检验，按照D3924（如需要或达成协议）中要求的室温进行胶带试验。

12.1.1 For specimens which have been immersed: After immersion, clean and wipe the surface with an appropriate solvent which will not harm the integrity of the coating. Then

dry or prepare the surface, or both, as agreed upon between the purchaser and the seller.

根据买方和卖方之间双方达成的协议，对于被浸泡的样件，浸泡完以后用适当的溶剂（不能损害涂层）

擦净表面，然后让其干燥

12.2 Select an area free of blemishes and minor surface imperfections, place on a firm base, and under the illuminated magnifier, make parallel cuts as follows:

选择一个无瑕疵和表面无小缺陷的区域，平稳地放在照明放大镜下，按如下所示平行切割：

12.2.1 For coatings having a dry film thickness up to and including 2.0 mils (50 μm) space the cuts 1 mm apart and make eleven cuts unless otherwise agreed upon.

使涂层漆膜表面干燥，包括50um的空间切口距离1mm，有11个切口，或者协商确定。

12.2.2 For coatings having a dry film thickness between 2.0 mils (50 μm) and 5 mils (125

μm), space the cuts 2 mm apart and make six cuts. For films thicker than 5 mils use Test Method A.11

漆膜厚度2.0 mils (50 μm)-5 mils (125 μm)之间，划6个切口，每个切口间距2mm，涂层漆膜厚度大于5 mils用测试方法A11.

12.2.3 Make all cuts about 20 mm (3.4 in.) long. Cut through the film to the substrate in one steady motion using just sufficient pressure on the cutting tool to have the cutting edge reach the substrate. When making successive single cuts with the aid of a guide, place the guide on the uncut area.

切口长20mm。匀速的切割漆膜，刀刀见铁(直透底材表面)

12.3 After making the required cuts brush the film lightly with a soft brush or tissue to

remove any detached flakes or ribbons of coatings.

切完切口以后，用软刷子或薄纸轻扫，去除剥落的薄片或剥落的涂层。

12.4 Examine the cutting edge and, if necessary, remove any flat spots or wire-edge by abrading lightly on a fine oil tone. Make the additional number of cuts at 90° to and centered on the original cuts.

检查切口边缘，如果需要，使用以前用油石轻微磨擦去除斑点、除尖角；并重复以上操作，以90°角再

次平行等数切割漆腊，形成井字格

12.5 Brush the area as before and inspect the incisions for reflection of light from the substrate. If the metal has not been reached make another grid in a different location.

像之前一样用刷子轻刷表面，检查切口基底的反射，确定划痕是否到底，如果没有，在另一个地方重新

切割。

12.6 Remove two complete laps of tape and discard. Remove an additional length at a steady (that is, not jerked) rate and cut a piece about 75 mm (3 in.) long.

除去压敏胶带上面的两圈，然后以稳定的速率拉开胶带，剪下长约75mm胶带。

12.7 Place the center of the tape over the grid and in the area of the grid smooth into place by a finger. To ensure good contact with the film rub the tape firmly with the eraser on the end of a pencil. The color under the tape is a useful indication of when good

contact has been made.

把胶带中间放在切割处的格子上，用手指压平，为了保证胶带与涂层接触良好，再用铅笔顶端的橡皮擦

用力摩平胶带，透过透明胶带析颜色可以帮助我们看出与漆膜接触的状态密实程度

12.8 Within 90±30 s of application, remove the tape by seizing the free end and rapidly (not jerked) back upon itself at as close to an angle of 180° as possible.

在贴上胶带90±30 秒内，扯住胶带悬空的一端，快速地并尽可能确保拉力沿180的方向进行撕离胶带

12.9 Inspect the grid area for removal of coating from the substrate or from a previous coating using the illuminated magnifier. Rate the adhesion in accordance with the following scale illustrated in Fig. 1:

用照明放大镜检查漆膜，根据脱漆部位与网格区的关系按下列说明评定等级

5B The edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the squares of the lattice is detached.

切边非常光滑，没有一个网格方块脱落

4B Small flakes of the coating are detached at intersections; less than 5 % of the area is

affected.

在网格切入点，有微小的鳞片状漆膜脱落，影响面积为5%。

3B Small flakes of the coating are detached along edges and at intersections of cuts. The area affected is 5 to 15 % of the lattice.

漆层沿切入点脱落或在网格线的切入点上有部分或全部脱落，影响面积为5%-15%

2B The coating has flaked along the edges and on parts of the squares. The area affected is 15 to 35 % of the lattice.

漆层沿切入点大块脱落或全部脱落或是网格方块部分或全部脱落。影响面积为15-35%

1B The coating has flaked along the edges of cuts in large ribbons and whole squares have detached. The area affected is 35 to 65 % of the lattice.

漆层沿切入点大块脱落或全部脱落或是网格方块部分或全部脱落，影响面积为35-65%

0B Flaking and detachment worse than Grade 1.

剥落离比等级1更严重。

12.10 Repeat the test in two other locations on each test panel.

在每个测试面板上，另两个不同的位置重复试验。

13. Report 报告

13.1 Report the number of tests, their mean and range, and for coating systems, where the failure occurred, that is, between first coat and substrate, between first and second coat, etc.

报告试验的数量，意义和范围，涂层系统失败发生在哪，第一涂层与底材之间还是第一涂层与第二涂层之间等等。

13.2 Report the substrate employed, the type of coating and the method of cure.

报告使用的底材，涂层的类型和处理的方法。

13.3 If the adhesion strength has been determined in accordance with Test Methods D 1000 or

D 3330, report the results with the adhesion rating(s). If the adhesion strength of the tape has not been determined, report the specific tape used and its manufacturer.

如果附着力已根据测试方法D 1000 或者 D 3330 确定一致，记录附着力等级的结果。如果胶带附着力大小未确定，记录所使用的胶带详细细节及其生产厂家。

13.4 If the test is performed after immersion, report immersion conditions and method of sample preparation.

如果测试是在在浸泡以后再进行，记录浸泡的条件和测试样品的准备方法。

14. Precision and Bias 8 精度和偏差

14.1 On the basis of two interlaboratory tests of this test method in one of which operators in six laboratories made one adhesion measurement on three panels each of three coatings covering a wide range of adhesion and in the other operators in six laboratories made three measurements on two panels each of four different coatings applied over two other coatings, the pooled standard deviations for within and between laboratories were found to be 0.37 and 0.7. Based on these standard deviations, the following criteria should be used for judging the acceptability of results at the 95 % confidence level:

在多个实验室进行的测试方法。操作者在6个实验室的3个平板上的涂层上覆盖一系列附着力，做同一个附着力测试。在两块板上的4个不同涂层试用2个其他的涂层，汇集试验室之间的标准偏差为0.37和0.7。以这些标准偏差为基础，以下标准用来判定结果的可行性有95%的可信度。

14.1.1 Repeatability—Provided adhesion is uniform over a large surface, results obtained by the same operator should be considered suspect if they differ by more than one rating

unit for two measurements.

重复性：假定在一个大表面的附着力是一致的，同一个操作者两次测量得到的结果差异超过一个单位等级，那麽将被认为是不可信的。

14.1.2 Reproducibility—Two results, each the mean of duplicates or triplicates, obtained

by different operators should be considered suspect if they differ by more than two rating units.

再现性：取不同的操作者3次或2次测量的均值，如果得到的两个结果差异超过2个单位等级，那麽将被认为是不可信的。

14.2 Bias cannot be established for these test methods.

不能用这些测试方法确定偏差。

15. Keywords 关键字

15.1 adhesion; crosscut adhesion test method; tape; tape adhesion test method; X-cut adhesion test method

附着力、交叉切口附着力试验方法、胶带，胶带附着力试验方法、X切片附着力测试方法

FIG. 1 Classification of Adhesion Test Results 图表1：附着力试验结果的分类

D 3359 – 02

Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=daimlerchyrsler account/5957216001

Not for Resale, 12/09/2005 00:34:54 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS

APPENDIX 附录

(Nonmandatory Information) 非强制信息

X1. COMMENTARY 注释

X1.1 Introduction 介绍

X1.1.1 Given the complexities of the adhesion process, can adhesion be measured? As Mittal (1)12 has pointed out, the answer is both yes and no. It is reasonable to state that at the present time no test exists that can precisely assess the actual physical strength of an adhesive bond. But it can also be said that it is possible to obtain an indication of relative adhesion performance.

鉴于粘附过程的复杂性。附着力能被测量吗？Mittal指出答案既是肯定的又是否定的。其很合理的指

出，现阶段没有试验可以确切的评估出物理粘合剂的大小，但是可以认为，是有可能获得相对粘附性

能。

X1.1.2 Practical adhesion test methods are generally of two types: “implied” and “direct.” “Implied” tests include indentation or scribe techniques, rub testing, and wear testing. Criticism of these tests arises when they are used to quantify the strength

of adhesive bonding. But this, in fact, is not their purpose. An “implied” test should be used to assess coating performance under ac tual service conditions. “Direct” measurements, on the other hand, are intended expressly to measure adhesion. Meaningful tests of this type are highly sought after, primarily because the results are expressed by a single discrete quantity, the force required to rupture the coating/substrate bond under prescribed conditions. Direct tests include the Hesiometer and the Adherometer (2). Common methods which approach the direct tests are peel, lapshear, and tensile tests.

实际应用的测试方法一般有两种：含蓄的和直接的。含蓄方法包括刻痕法或画线法、摩擦试验和磨损试验。当这些试验被用来量化粘附强度时候，关于这些试验的批评就会出现。但实际上这并不是他们的目的。含蓄的试验应当被用来评估实际情况下涂层的性能。另一方面，直接测量用来测量附着力。这些类

型试验的重要意义值得探索，主要因为结果是一个离散量，涂层在指定的压力条件下割裂。直接测试包括：常用的接近直接测试方法，剥，剪和拉力测试。

X1.2 Test Methods 测试方法

X1.2.1 In practice, numerous types of tests have been used to attempt to evaluate adhesion by inducing bond rupture by different modes. C riteria deemed essential for a test to warrant large-scale acceptance are: use of a straightforward and unambiguous

procedure; relevance to its intended application; repeatability and reproducibility; and quantifiability, including a meaningful rating scale for assessing performance.

在实践中，很多的试验方法被用于评估附着力用不同的模式，其中包括附着力破坏。标准认为试验的本

质大部分是可被接受的，运用明确的程序，预定相关应用，重复性和在线性，可定量的状态，对于评估

性能包括一个有意义的评分表。

X1.2.2 Test methods used for coatings on metals are: peel adhesion or “tape testing;” Gardner impact flexibility testing; and adhesive joint testing including shear (lap joint) and direct tensile (butt joint) testing. These tests do not strictly meet all the criteria listed, but an appealing aspect of these tests is that in most cases the

equipment/instrumentation is readily available or can be obtained at reasonable cost.

用在金属涂层上的测试方法有：附着力的剥落或胶带测试。加德纳影响弹性测试和附着力结合测试，包

括剪切力和拉伸试验。这些试验并不是严格的满足所列出的标准，但这些试验是一个有吸引力的方面,在

大多数情况下,设备/仪器是现成或可在合理的成本。

X1.2.3 A wide diversity of tests methods have been developed over the years that measure aspects of adhesion (1-5).

广泛的多样性的测试方法已经被发展多年来测量方面的附着力(1 - 5)。

There generally is difficulty, however, in relating these tests to basic adhesion phenomena. 一般很难，但是和基本的附着力现象有关的。

X1.3 The Tape Test 胶带试验

X1.3.1 By far the most prevalent test for evaluating coating “adhesion” is the tape-and-peel test, which has been used since the 1930’s. In its simplest version a piece of adhesive tape is pressed against the paint film and the resistance to and degree of film removal observed when the tape is pulled off. Since an intact film with appreciable

adhesion is frequently not removed at all, the severity of the test is usually enhanced by cutting into

the film a figure X or a cross hatched pattern, before applying and removing the tape. Adhesion is then rated by comparing film removed against an established rating scale. If an intact film is peeled cleanly by the tape, or if it debonds just by cutting into it without applying tape, then the adhesion is rated simply as poor or very poor, a more precise evaluation of such films not being within the capability of this test.

到目前为止，评估涂层附着力最普遍的试验是胶带——涂层脱落试验，从1930年就开始应用。最简单的

胶带测试是在涂层上加压，当胶带被移走以后，观察涂层的抵抗程度。在涂层表面加可评估的附着力，

在使用胶带前，在切X槽或者交叉的槽在工件表面。附着力根据评估等级评估。如果完整的涂层被胶带干

净的脱落，这样附着力被评定很弱，在这个试验中没有更精确的评估方法。

X1.3.2 The current widely-used version was first published in 1974; two test methods are covered in this standard. Both test methods are used to establish whether the adhesion of a coating to a substrate is at an adequate level; however they do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measurement are required. Major limitations of the tape test are its low sensitivity, applicability only to coatings

of relatively low bond strengths, and non-determination of adhesion to the substrate where

failure occurs within a single coat, as when testing primers alone, or within or between coats in multicoat systems. For multicoat systems where adhesion failure may occur between or within coats, the adhesion of the coating system to the

substrate is not determined.

当前广泛运用的版本是1974年第一次出版的。在这个标准中包括两种测试方法。两种方法用来确定涂层对底材的附着力是否足够，但是不能测量那种附着力更精密。胶带测试的局限是低灵敏度，只适用于相对低的附着力。当只用初级试验，不能确定对底材的附着力失效在涂层上，或者在涂层之间。对于多层系统，附着力失效发生在涂层之间或涂层与底材之间是不能确定的。

X1.3.3 Repeatability within one rating unit is generally observed for coatings on metals for both methods, with reproducibility of one to two units. The tape test enjoys

Wide spread popularity and is viewed as “simple” as well as low in cost. Applied to metals, it is economical to perform, lends itself to job site application, and most importantly, after decades of use, people feel comfortable with it.

金属涂层在同一级别的重复性有两种方法。两个级别用再现性。胶带试验使用范围很广，被认为是唯一的低成本。适用于金属，很经济，用了十年以后，人们觉得很舒适。

X1.3.4 When a flexible adhesive tape is applied to a coated rigid substrate surface and then removed, the removal process has been described in terms of the “peel phenomenon,” as illustrated in Fig. X1.1.

当弹性的胶带粘在刚硬的涂层表面然后再去除，移动的过程已经在剥落现象中描述过，见X1.1插图。

X1.3.5 Peeling begins at the “toothed” leading edge (at the right) and proceeds along the coating adhesive/interface or the coating/substrate interface, depending on the relative bond strengths. It is assumed that coating removal occurs when the tensile force generated along the latter interface, which is a function of the theological properties of the backing and adhesive layer materials, is greater than the bond strength at the

coating-substrate interface (or cohesive strength of the coating). In actuality, however, this force is distributed over a discrete distance (O-A) in Fig. X1.1, which relates directly to the properties described, not concentrated at a point (O) in Fig.

剥落从锯齿状的前沿开始，延续到涂层相交处或底材相交处，这要依靠相对附着力的大小。假定当拉力沿着后面的分界面时，涂层表面就要分离，附着力层的材料要比涂层与底材的附着力大。实际上，压力分布在不连续的距离（O-A），见图X1.1,图中相对直接地描述性能，没有集中在图中的O点。

X1.1 as in the theoretical case—though the tensile force is greatest at the origin for both. A significant compressive force arises from the response of the tape backing material to being stretched. Thus both tensile and compressive forces are involved in adhesion tape testing.

在理论中，在两种方法中胶带拉力最初是最大的。当胶带被拉伸时，会产生压力。拉力和压力都被包括在胶带附着力试验中。

X1.3.6 Close scrutiny of the tape test with respect to the nature of the tape employed and certain aspects of the procedure itself reveal several factors, each or any combination of which can dramatically affect the results of the test as discussed

仔细检查胶带测试中与胶带天然性质有关和过程本身的某些方面揭示性质的几个因素，单个或任意组合，可以显著地影响测试作为讨论的结果。

X1.4 Peel Adhesion Testing on Plastic Substrates 塑料垫片的表皮附着力测试

X1.4.1 Tape tests have been criticized when used for substrates other than metal, such as plastics. 胶带测试已经被排斥当垫片使用的是塑料而不是金属

The central issues are that the test on plastics lacks reproducibility and does not

relate to the intended application. 核心问题是，塑料测试缺乏重复性和不

涉及到预期的应用。

Both concerns are well founded: poor precision is a direct result of several factors intrinsic to the materials employed and the procedure itself.

两个关注点都被找到：精度差是使用的材料和过程本身固有的一些因素的直接的结果。

More importantly, in this instance the test is being applied beyond its intended scope. These test methods were designed for relatively ductile coatings applied to metal substrates, not for coatings (often brittle) applied to plastic parts

更重要的是，在这种情况下的适用的测试超出其预定范围。这些测试方法比较适用于金属基体的韧性涂料，不适用涂料（通常脆）及塑料部件的设计

(7). The unique functional requirements of coatings on plastic substrates cause the usual tape tests to be unsatisfactory for measuring adhesion performance in practice.

塑料基板上的涂料的独特功能要求导致通常的胶带测试不能使在实践中测试附着性能令人满意。

X1.5 The Tape Controversy 有关胶带的争论

X1.5.1 With the withdrawal from commerce of the tape specified originally, 3M No. 710, current test methods no longer identify a specific tape.

从3M 710号最初指定的胶带的取消，目前的测试方法不再确定一个特定的胶带。

Differences in tapes used can lead to different results as small changes in backing

stiffness and adhesive rheology cause large changes in the tension area.

使用胶带的差异可以导致不同的结果因为刚度和胶粘剂流变学导致在张力区域的巨大变化。

Some commercial tapes are manufactured to meet minimum standards. 一些商业胶带被生产以满足

最低的标准。

A given lot may surpass these standards and thus be suitable for general market

distribution; 一个给定的批次可能会超过这些标准，因此是适用于一般市场分布;

however, such a lot may be a source of serious and unexpected error in assessing adhesion. 然而，这样很多在评估附着力方面可能是一个严重和出乎意料的错误

One commercially available tape test kit had included a tape with adhesion strength variations of up to 50 % claimed by the manufacturer. Also, because tapes change on storage, bond strengths of the tape may change over time

一种市场上可买到的胶带测试装备包括了制造商声称的50%的粘付强度范围。此外，因为胶带上存储的改变，胶带的粘结强度可能随时间而改变

X1.5.2 While there are tapes available that appear to deliver consistent performance, a given tape does not adhere equally well to all coatings.

虽然有胶带可以提供一致的性能，一个给定的胶带不同等的适用所有涂料。

For example, when the peel removal force of the tape (from the coating) used earlier by

Task Group D01.23.10 to establish precision of the method, by 3M No. 710 was examined with seven different electromagnetic interference/radio frequency interference (EMI/RFI) coatings, it was found that, while peel was indeed consistent for a given coating, the

value varied by 25 % between the highest and lowest ratings among coatings.

例如，当胶带表面剥离去除力（涂层面）使用早期工作组D01.23.10建立精确的方法，由3M710号检测与七个不同的电磁干扰/射频干扰（EMI /RFI）的涂料，它被发现，而剥离确实是一个给定的涂层一致，由25％之间的涂料之间的最高和最低的评分值变化。

Several factors that contribute to these differences include coating composition and topology: as a result, no single tape is likely to be suitable for testing all coatings. 导致这些差异的几个因素包括涂层的组成和拓扑结构：结果，没有一个单一的胶带适合测试所有涂料。

Further, the tape test does not give an absolute value for the force required for bond rupture, but serves only as an indicator that some minimum value for bond strength was met or exceeded。

此外，胶带测试不给一个键断裂所需的力的绝对值，但仅作为一些粘结强度的最低值，达到或超过指标。

X1.6 Procedural Problems 程序问题

X1.6.1 The tape test is operator intensive. By design it was made as simple as possible to perform, and requires a minimum of specialized equipment and materials that must meet certain specifications.

胶带测试是运营商密集。按照设计，它是尽可能简单执行并且需要专门的设备和材料，必须符合最低一定的规范。

The accuracy and precision depend largely upon the skill of the operator and the

operator’s ability to perform the test in a consistent manner.

准确性和精度很大程度上取决于运营商和运营商的能力，以一致的方式执行测试的技能。

Key steps that directly reflect the importance of operator skill include the angle and rate of tape removal and the visual assessment of the tested sample. It is not unexpected that different operators might obtain different results

关键步骤直接反映了操作者的技能的重要性，包括胶带的拆卸和视觉评估测试样品的角度和速度。这是意料中事，不同的运营商可能会得到不同的结果

X1.6.2 Peel Angle and Rate: 剥落角度及速率

The standard requires that the free end of the tape be removed rapidly at as close to a 180° angle as possible.

该标准要求在接近180°尽可能迅速，自由端的胶带被揭掉。

If the peel angle and rate vary, the force required to remove the tape can change dramatically.

如果剥离的角度和速度各不相同，取出胶带所需的力可以显著改变。

ASTM D 3359 涂层附着力粘胶带法测试

Designation:D3359–02 Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test1 This standard is issued under the?xed designation D3359;the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or,in the case of revision,the year of last revision.A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.A superscript epsilon(e)indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 1.Scope 1.1These test methods cover procedures for assessing the adhesion of coating?lms to metallic substrates by applying and removing pressure-sensitive tape over cuts made in the?lm. 1.2Test Method A is primarily intended for use at job sites while Test Method B is more suitable for use in the laboratory. Also,Test Method B is not considered suitable for?lms thicker than5mils(125μm). N OTE1—Subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller, Test Method B can be used for thicker?lms if wider spaced cuts are employed. 1.3These test methods are used to establish whether the adhesion of a coating to a substrate is at a generally adequate level.They do not distinguish between higher levels of adhesion for which more sophisticated methods of measure-ment are required. N OTE2—It should be recognized that differences in adherability of the coating surface can affect the results obtained with coatings having the same inherent adhesion. 1.4In multicoat systems adhesion failure may occur be-tween coats so that the adhesion of the coating system to the substrate is not determined. 1.5The values stated in SI units are to be regarded as the standard.The values given in parentheses are for information only. 1.6This standard does not purport to address the safety concerns,if any,associated with its use.It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appropriate safety and health practices and determine the applicability of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2.Referenced Documents 2.1ASTM Standards: D609Practice for Preparation of Cold-Rolled Steel Panels for Testing Paint,Varnish,Conversion Coatings,and Related Coating Products2 D823Practices for Producing Films of Uniform Thickness of Paint,Varnish,and Related Products on Test Panels2 D1000Test Method For Pressure-Sensitive Adhesive-Coated Tapes Used for Electrical and Electronic Applica-tions3 D1730Practices for Preparation of Aluminum and Aluminum-Alloy Surfaces for Painting4 D2092Guide for Preparation of Zinc-Coated(Galvanized) Steel Surfaces for Painting5 D2370Test Method for Tensile Properties of Organic Coatings2 D3330Test Method for Peel Adhesion of Pressure-Sensitive Tape6 D3924Speci?cation for Standard Environment for Condi-tioning and Testing Paint,Varnish,Lacquer,and Related Materials2 D4060Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Organic Coatings by the Taber Abraser2 3.Summary of Test Methods 3.1Test Method A—An X-cut is made through the?lm to the substrate,pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the cut and then removed,and adhesion is assessed qualitatively on the0 to5scale. 3.2Test Method B—A lattice pattern with either six or eleven cuts in each direction is made in the?lm to the substrate,pressure-sensitive tape is applied over the lattice and then removed,and adhesion is evaluated by comparison with descriptions and illustrations. 4.Signi?cance and Use 4.1If a coating is to ful?ll its function of protecting or decorating a substrate,it must adhere to it for the expected service life.Because the substrate and its surface preparation (or lack of it)have a drastic effect on the adhesion of coatings, a method to evaluate adhesion of a coating to different substrates or surface treatments,or of different coatings to the 1These test methods are under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee D01on Paint and Related Coatings,Materials,and Applications and are the direct responsibility of Subcommittee D01.23on Physical Properties of Applied Paint Films. Current edition approved Aug.10,2002.Published October2002.Originally published as D3359–https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ad13748666.html,st previous edition D3359–97. 2Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol06.01. 3Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol10.01. 4Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol02.05. 5Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol06.02. 6Annual Book of ASTM Standards,V ol15.09. 1 Copyright?ASTM International,100Barr Harbor Drive,PO Box C700,West Conshohocken,PA19428-2959,United States. Copyright ASTM International Reproduced by IHS under license with ASTM Licensee=daimlerchyrsler account/5957216001 Not for Resale, 12/09/2005 00:34:54 MST No reproduction or networking permitted without license from IHS --` ` , , , , ` , , , ` ` ` ` ` ` , , ` ` ` , , , ` , ` ` ` -` -` , , ` , , ` , ` , , ` ---

油漆涂层附着力检测方法(百格测试)

油漆涂层附着力检测方法 ——百格测试 含义及测试方法 含义：一般而言是测试对象在经过涂装之后测试其附着度的工具,按照日本工业标准(JIS),分为1~5级，级数越高，要求越严格，当客户规范当中要求是第5级时，表示完全不能有脱落。参考标准：《GBT9286-1998 色漆和清漆漆膜的划痕实验》 测试方法：用百格刀在测试样本表面划10×10个(100个)1mm×1mm小网格，每一条划线应深及油漆的底层；用毛刷将测试区域的碎片刷干净；用3M600号胶纸或等同效力的胶纸牢牢粘住被测试小网格，并用橡皮擦用力擦拭胶带，以加大胶带与被测区域的接触面积及力度；用手抓住胶带一端，在垂直方向（90°）迅速扯下胶纸，同一位置进行2次相同试验。实验条件及标准 规定利用3M600或610的胶带黏贴于百格中,快速拉起3M胶带,其面漆或电度层被胶带黏起的数量依照百格的百分比： ISO等级：0 =ASTM等级：5B 切口的边缘完全光滑，格子边缘没有任何剥落。 ISO等级：1 =ASTM等级：4B 在切口的相交处有小片剥落，划格区内实际破损≤5% 。 ISO等级：2 =ASTM等级：3B 切口的边缘和/或相交处有被剥落，其面积大于5%～15% 。 ISO等级：3 =ASTM等级：2B 沿切口边缘有部分剥落或整大片剥落，或部分格子被整片剥落。剥落的面积超过15%～35% 。 ISO等级：4 =ASTM等级：1B 切口边缘大片剥落/或者一些方格部分或全部剥落，其面积大于划格区的35%～65% 。 ISO等级：5 =ASTM等级：0B 在划线的边缘及交叉点处有成片的油漆脱落，且脱落总面积大于65%。 依照客户要求B数测试是否通过百格实验，一般手机业界客户要求在4B以上。 正式的话是使用百格刀,横向与纵向各划1刀及型成100各细小方格.如无百格刀利用美工刀也可以. 利用3M600或610的胶带黏贴于百格中,快速拉起3M胶带,测试脱落数量。 操作步骤： 用划格器在涂层上切出十字格子图形，切口直至基材； 用毛刷对角线方向各刷五次，用胶带贴在切口上再拉开； 观察格子区域的情况，可用放大镜观察。 划格结果附着力按照第二项的标准等级。 相关测试工具产品参数 百格测试仪（漆膜划格仪,漆膜划格器） 产品说明： 根据ISO2409-1992标准设计制造的。 适用于GB/T9286-98、BS 3900 E6/ASTM D3359。 特点： 用于均匀划出一定规格尺寸的方格，通过评定方格内涂膜的完整程度来评定涂膜对基材附着程度，以‘级’表示。它主要用于有机涂料划格法附着力的测定，不仅适用于实验室，也可用于各种条件下的施工现场。 用途:

ASTM-D3359-09-标准试验方法-胶带法测量附着力

Designation: D 3359 – 02 名称： D 3359-02 Standard Test Methods for Measuring Adhesion by Tape Test1 ASTM D3359-09 标准试验方法胶带法测量附着力 This standard is issued under the fixed designation D 3359; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval. A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval. 这个标准是D 3359确定了以后发行的。数字代表名称最初通过的时间，或者修订情况，和最新版本。括号内的数字代表最新重新审批时间。上标代表最新版本的变化或重新审批。 This standard has been approved for use by agencies of the Department of Defense. 该标准已经被国防机构部门批准使用。 1. Scope 范围 1.1 These test methods cover procedures for assessing the adhesion of coating films to metallic substrates by applying and removing pressure-sensitive tape over cuts made in the film. 本标准提出的试验方法是规定通过在漆膜切割区施加和撕离压敏胶带的方式，对漆膜与金属底材之间的附着力进行评定的程序 1.2 Test Method A is primarily intended for use at job sites while Test Method B is more suitable for use in the laboratory. Also, Test Method B is not considered suitable for films thicker than 5 mils (125μm). 试验方法A主要是供工作场所用，而试验方法B更适合实验室使用。试验方法B被视为不适合厚度超过 5毫英寸（125微米）的漆膜。 NOTE 1—Subject to agreement between the purchaser and the seller,Test Method B can be used for thicker films if wider spaced cuts are employed. 注 1-根据买卖双方的协议，如果切割间距较宽，漆膜较厚时可采用试验方法B。

涂层附着力检测(划格法)实施细则

钢构作业指导书涂层附着力检测(划格法) 文件编号： 版本号： 编制： 批准： 生效日期：

涂层附着力检测(划格法)实施细则 1. 目的 为使测试人员在进行钢结构涂层附着力检测时有章可循，并使其操作合乎规范。 2. 适用范围 适用于建筑物及构筑物钢结构涂层附着力的检测。 3. 检测依据 GB50205-2001钢结构工程施工质量验收规范 TB/T1527-2011铁路钢桥保护涂装及涂料供货技术条件 GB/T10610-2009色漆和清漆漆膜的划格试验 4．检验器材 4.1切割刀具 单刃切割刀具适用于硬质或软质底材上的各种涂层; 多刃切割刀具不适用于涂层厚度(>120μm)或坚硬涂层，或施涂在软底材质上的涂层。 4.2导向和刀刃间隔装置 4.3软毛刷 4.4胶粘带：透明，宽25，粘着力(10±1)N/25mm。 4.5手把式放大镜：2倍或3倍。 5. 工作程序 5.1检测准备 5.1.1测试前可由项目负责人或有关人员前往现场踏勘，了解现场基本情况以及检测数量等。 5.1.2现场测量前防腐涂层应已涂装完毕且干透。 5.1.3测量前应确认构件的底材材质、涂层类型、涂层设计厚度等参数。

5.1.4检测人员应能熟练操作仪器。 5.2现场检测 5.2.1切割：切割数量为每个方向6条； 切割间距，每个方向切割间距应相等，其间距取决于涂层厚度和底材的类别 5.2.2刷扫：用软毛刷沿网格图形第一条对角线，轻轻地向后扫几次，再向前扫几次。 5.2.2粘贴胶粘带：匀速拉出胶带，去除最前面一段，剪下约75mm长，粘贴在网格上方，方向与一组切割线平行，用手指把网格上方的胶带压平，保证胶带与涂层紧密接触，且胶带长度至少超过网格20mm，如图1所示。 5.2.3撕离胶粘带：在贴上胶粘带5min以内，拿住胶带悬空的一端，并在尽可能接近60°的角度，在0.5～1.0s内平稳撕离胶粘带，如下图2所示。 图 1 图 2

胶带法测试涂层结合力

用胶带测试测量附着力的标准方法 ASTM D 3359 方法A. （划X法），油漆的干膜厚度大于5 Mils (127 u) 方法B. （划方格法），油漆的干膜厚度为2—5 Mils(50--127 u)时，划6线方格（线距2mm）。 油漆的干膜厚度为0—2Mils(0--50 u)时，划11线方格（线距1mm）。METHOD A（方法A） - X-CUT TAPE TEST（划X法胶带测试） 5A No peeling or removal无剥落或涂层去除 4A Trace peeling or removal along incisions 沿着切口有剥落或涂层去除的痕迹 3A Jagged removal along incisions up to 1/16 in. (1.6mm) on either Side 每一边沿着切口有长达1.6毫米（1/16英寸）的锯齿状去除 2A Jagged removal along most of incisions up to 1/8 in. (3.2mm) on either side 每一边沿着绝大多数切口有长达3.2毫米（1/8英寸）的锯齿状去除 1A Removal from most of the area of the X under the tape 胶带下X形的绝大多数区域都有涂层去除 0A Removal beyond the area of the X X形区域下涂层（全部）去除 METHOD B（方法B）- CROSS CUT TAPE TEST（划方格法胶带测试）

5B The edges of the cuts are completely smooth; none of the squares of the lattice is detached.切口边缘完全光滑；没有一个四方格子出现剥落。 4B Small flakes of the coating are detached at intersections; less than 5% of the area is affected. 交叉点处有少量涂层的剥落，但受影响面积不到5%。3B Small flakes of the coating are detached along edges and at intersections of cuts. The area affected is 5 to 15% of the lattice. 沿切口边缘和切口的交叉点处，有少量涂层剥落，受影响面积为5- 15%的 格子。 2B The coating has flaked along the edges and on parts of the squares. The area affected is 15 to 35% of the lattice. 沿切口边缘和四方格子内，涂层有剥落，受影响面积为15- 35%的格子。 1B The coating has flaked along the edges of cuts in large ribbons and whole squares have detached. The area affected is 35 to 65% of the lattice. 沿切口边缘，涂层有长条状剥落，且整个四方格子也有剥落。受影响面积为 35- 65%的格子。 0B Flaking and detachment worse than Grade 1. 剥落和剥离状况比1B更糟。以下摘自技术服务培训模块六（其图片指导为剖面图） 测试方法的目标是为了尽早发现层间结合力问题，以尽量防止可能会在以后产生更大的问题。 1．测试的进行–何地与何时--分段阶段 当涂料系统已施工完毕且涂层已完全硬干，就应进行结合力测试。每个分段进行两处测试。一处在通风良好处，如分段的边缘；一处在通风受到限制，很少有空气流动的区域。 除非系统是单道涂层加预涂的施工，否则不得在有预涂的部位进行测试。 2．整舱涂装 待整个系统施工完毕，你应在上部或底部区域进行测试。同样，如可能，你也应选择有良好通风和不良通风的区域进行。应在修补和最终检验以前进行测试，以便有机会对测试所损坏的区域进行修补。 所检测的点数取决于舱室的尺寸。应根据常识进行。作为指导，你可以每500 m2测一点，但在大于2000 m2的舱室，你可以少检测几点。 3. 检测设备-- 需要的唯一设备是带刀刃的锋利小刀。 4．测试方法 。 (i) 在涂层上划一个30? - 45?

油漆附着力测试

油漆附着力测试－百格刀测试法 A 方案 测割工具：剃须刀片(解剖刀,以及其它刀具皆可) . 胶带：25mm宽的压力敏感型胶带,粘性强度根据供货商和消费者的实际需要来确定(实验室一般采用9 N/25mm(+/-1)强度的胶带). 切割导向条：如果是手工切割(针对机械切割来说),则需要一长直且坚硬横条以保证切口呈直线. 照明系统：良好的照明系统有助于检查切口是否穿透至底材以及测试结果的查验。放大镜：放大镜用来帮助进行单个切口切割和测试结果的查验。 测试样本：选取所要测试材料上的合适区域(要求该区域无明显瑕疵，污点，且表面干净，干燥)；且该测试区域要平坦.而且保证一个样本至少有三个以上这样的区域，以便重复实验 橡皮擦：橡皮擦来回擦拭胶带以使胶带很好地粘着切口区域 测试方法: 选取所要测试材料上的合适区域(要求该区域无明显瑕疵污点，且表面干净，干燥)：在样品上用刀划两条交叉长约40MM的切口,注意切口深度以见到底材为宜，两交叉切口的角度为30°--45°,交叉位置在两切口中心。 测试方法 刀片要沿着硬横条划且只能朝一个方向划也不能反复在切口上划。检查切口是否见到底材，如果没则另选取一区域重新划。切一宽25MM 长75MM的胶带.将胶带中心靠近切口交叉处，并沿着切口方向贴上胶带，用手指弄平胶带并用橡皮擦来回擦拭胶带以使胶带很好地粘着切口区域。在90+/-30 S后，以尽可能与 水平成180°的方向迅速拉开胶带,该过程手不要晃动。 结果判定 5A 无剥落或分离 4A 细微的剥落或沿切口/交叉处分离 3A 沿切口锯齿状凸起达1.6MM 2A 大部分沿切口锯齿状凸起达3.2MM 1A 剥落或分离的大部分是沿X区域 0A 剥落或分离的部分不在X区域内 要求详细记录测试结果，包括测试次数;测试点的位置，涂装方式，测试失败发生的地方(如在涂层与底材之间还是两涂层之间)

漆膜附着力检测方法

漆膜附着力测定法 GB 1720-79 本标准适用于漆膜附着力的测定。漆膜对底材粘合的牢度即附着力，按圆滚线划痕范围内的漆膜完整程度评定，以级表示。 ?一般规定 材料和仪器设备： 马口铁板：50 × 100 × 0.2~0.3 毫米； 四倍放大镜； 漆刷：宽 25~35 毫米； ?测定方法 按《漆膜一般制备法》（ GB 1727 － 79 ）在马口铁板上（或按产品标准规定的底材）制备样板 3 块，待漆膜实干后，于恒温恒湿的条件下测定。测前先检查附着力测定仪的针头，如不锐利应予更换：提起半截螺帽曙（ 7 ），抽出试验台（ 6 ），即可换针。当发现划痕与标准回转半径不符时，应调整回转半径，其方法是松开卡针盘（ 3 ）后面的螺栓、回转半径调整螺栓 (4) ，适当移动卡针盘后，依次紧固上述螺栓，划痕与标准圆滚线图比较，如仍不符应重新调整回转半径，直到与标准回转半径 5.25 毫米的圆滚线相同为调整完毕。测定时，将样板正放在试验台 (6) 上，拧紧固定样板调整螺栓 (5) 、 (8) ，和调整螺栓（ 10 ），向后移动升降棒（ 2 ），使转针的尖端接触到漆膜，如划痕未露底板，应酌加砝码。按顺时针方向，均匀摇动摇柄（ 11 ），转速以 80~100 转 / 分为宜，圆滚线划痕标准图长为7.5 ± 0.5 厘米。向前移动升降棒（ 2 ），使卡针盘提起，松开固定样板的有关螺栓（ 5 ）、（ 8 ）、（ 10 ），取出样板，用漆刷除去划痕上的漆屑，以四倍放大镜检查划痕并评级。 三、评级方法 以样板上划痕的上侧为检查的目标，依次标出 1 、 2 、 3 、 4 、 5 、 6 、7 等七个部位。相应分为七个等级。按顺序检查各部位的漆膜完整程度，如某一部位的格子有 70% 以上完好，则定为该部位是完好的，否则应认为坏损。例如，部位 1 漆膜坏损而部位 2 完好，附着力次之，定为二级。依次类推，七级为附着力最差。

M胶带附着力测试

M胶带附着力测试公司内部编号：（GOOD-TMMT-MMUT-UUPTY-UUYY-DTTI-

3M附着力测试胶带 原装思高(Scotch)高级透明工业胶带 型号：500#，600#，610#，810# 规格：18mm * 15m 1/2 IN(12mm) * 1296 IN(32.9m) 3/4 IN(19mm) * 1296 IN(32.9m) 测试胶带用途:广泛应用于丝印、彩印、喷印等工艺中，检验其油墨附着性，是标准测试手段。如：印刷线路板，塑料制品丝印，喷印，电子产品丝印、喷印。 测试胶特点:粘性稳定、贴强度大，国际标准测试胶带；透明度高，日久不变黄；独立纸盒包装、方便保存、办公用规格、易于使用。 3M 600 和610都是用来测量附着力比较常用的胶带，与810的区别在于其粘力的大小，记忆中810比600和610的粘力都小。 测试方法简单的说就是： 用刀在产品上面划格子（面积大小1mm*1mm），格子的数量与产品的面积有关，能多划尽量多划，划完格子后用胶带紧紧的粘贴在产品表面，过大约2-5分钟后以一定的角度（60,90,180都可以）迅速把胶带剥离产品。 判断附着力有以下6个等级，一般的要求是3B： 5B 切割线条边缘非常光滑,方网格无任何脱落 4B 在切割线条交叉点有细粉脱落,受影响面少于5% ?

3B 在切割线条的边缘和交叉点,有细粉脱落,受影响的网格在5%?-15%? 2B 在切割线条的边缘和方格内,有薄片脱落,受影响的网格在15%?-35%? 1B 在切割线条的边缘有带状土层脱落和整个方格脱落，受影响的网格在35%?-65%? 0B 比1B更严重的涂层脱落

涂层附着力检测方法的详细介绍

涂层附着力的检测方法 摘要：介绍了防腐蚀涂料涂层附着力的机理，并对附着力检测的标准划格法、划X法以及拉开法的测试方法和程序，作了详细说明。 关键词：涂层、附着力、划格法、拉开法 1．涂层附着力 涂装工程中，对于防腐蚀涂料的涂层附着力检测是涂层保护性能相当重要的指标，越来越被业主和监理所重视。除了在试验室内的检测外，防腐蚀涂料的选用过程中，对涂料产品进行的样板附着力测试，以及施工过程中现场附着力的检测，也越来越普遍。 有机涂层与金属基底间的附着力，与涂层对金属的保护有着密切的关系，它主要是由附着力与有机涂层下金属的腐蚀过程所决定的。有机涂层下金属的腐蚀主要是由相界面的电化学腐蚀引起的，附着力的好坏对电化学腐蚀有明显的影响。良好的附着力能有效地阻挡外界电解质溶液对基体的渗透，推迟界面腐蚀电池的形成；牢固的界面附着力可以极大地阻止腐蚀产物——金属阳离子经相间侧面向阴极区域的扩散，这些阳离子扩散是为了平衡阴极反应所生成的带负电荷的氢氧根离子，这虽然是一个相当缓慢的过程，但是一旦附着力降低，阳离子从相间侧面向阴极扩散的扩散则容易得多。 有机涂层的附着力，应该包括两个方面，首先是有机涂层与基底金属表面的黏附力（adhesion），其次是有机涂层本身的凝聚力（Cohesion）。这两者对于涂层的防护作用来说缺一不可。有机涂层在金属基底表面的附着力强度越大越好；涂层本身坚韧致密的漆膜，才能起到良好的阻挡外界腐蚀因子的作用。涂层的不能牢固地黏附于基底表面，再完好的涂层也起不到作用；涂层本身凝聚力差，漆膜容易开裂而失去保护作用。这两个方面缺一不可，附着力不好，再完好的涂层也起不到作用；而涂层本身凝聚力差，则漆膜容易龟裂。这两者共同决定涂层的附着力，构成决定涂层保护作用的关键因素。 有关涂层附着力的研究有相当多的理论学说，影响涂层附着力有基本因素主要有两个，涂料对底材的湿润性和底材的粗糙度。涂层对金属底材的湿润性越强，附着力越好；一定的表面粗糙度对涂层起到了咬合锚固（Anchor Pattern）的作用。 检测涂层与底材之间的附着力有多种方法，很多机构制订了相应的标准，同时也制备了很多的仪器工具来进行附着力的检测。 适用于现场检测附着力的方法主要有两大类，用刀具划X或划格法，以及拉开法。这两种方法除了可以在实验室内使用外，更适合于在施工现场中应用。主要的应用标准如表1。 表1 涂层附着力的检测方法和标准 美国材料试验协会制订的ASTM D3359－02是目前最新版的有关划X法的标准。它适用于干膜厚度高于125微米的情况，对最高漆膜厚度没有作出限制.而相对应的划格法通常适用于250微米以下的干膜厚度。 测试所要有的工具比较简单，锋利的刀片，比如美工刀、解剖刀；25mm（1in.）的半透

电镀锌、镉钝化膜附着力测试方法辨析

电镀锌、镉钝化膜附着力测试方法辨析 钢铁零件当受到锌或镉镀层保护，尤其是镀层经过铬酸盐钝化成膜处理后，附着力强的钝化膜可使镀层的抗腐蚀性能提高5～8倍。如何合理检查钝化膜附着力的强弱，是文章重点阐述的内容。 标签：电镀；钝化；附着力 钢铁零件受构成元素电化学电位的影响，在大气环境中容易发生电化学腐蚀，当零件表面经过电镀锌或电镀镉后，抗腐蚀性能得到极大改善，如果再将锌、镉镀层经过铬酸盐溶液的钝化处理，则其防护性能与不进行钝化处理相比较可以提高5～8倍，可见，钝化膜对提高镀层的抗腐蚀性极其重要。在实际生产中，一般是将有锌、镉镀层的零件，采用铬酸盐钝化溶液浸泡方式形成钝化膜，若钝化溶液成份不当或人员操作不当，容易造成钝化膜疏松或老化等缺陷，使膜层附着力降低，严重时当用干净的手指触摸，膜层将粘附在手指上，钝化膜层包括镀层的防护性能都将显著下降。因此，要使钢铁零件电镀锌、镉后经过钝化处理，以获得高质量的钝化膜层以提高抗腐蚀性能，对镀层高质量钝化膜层形成过程的控制以及钝化膜层附着力大小的监控都极为重要。 1 钝化膜层附着力测试方法 HB5035-1992《电镀锌质量检验》和HB5036-1992《电镀镉质量检验》[1]中对钝化膜附着力的检查都没有做出明确要求，经过调研，了解到目前对钝化膜的检查方法通常有两种：“橡皮擦拭法”和“胶带粘贴法”。 （1）橡皮擦拭法：GB/T9791-2003《锌、镉、铝-锌合金和锌-铝合金的铬酸盐转化膜试验方法》之5.9条“用擦拭法测试附着力用白纸（如40号Whatman 滤纸）或无粒软橡皮擦，轻擦表面10次，以试验铬酸盐膜的附着力。摩擦后，如果在白纸上没有比肉眼可见更大的非常轻微的沾染物和不存在因转化膜脱落而露出基体金属表面的痕迹，则应判定转化膜具有满意的附着力”[2]。GB/T9791中规定使用的橡皮为“无粒软橡皮擦”，而中华人民共和国轻工行业标准QB/T2309-2010《橡皮擦》之3.1条“橡皮擦按其所采用材料可分为：塑料橡皮擦和橡胶橡皮擦”，该标准并没有提到“无粒软橡皮擦”。塑料橡皮擦是用PVC材料所制，并添加了ATBC作为增塑剂。塑料橡皮种类较多，通过添加不同有机成分可得到较强的去污能力；而橡胶橡皮是传统意义上的橡皮，其主要成分是由橡胶制成，质地较软。之前我公司用擦拭法对同一制件上电镀锌、镉的钝化膜使用不同的橡皮擦，得到的结果截然不同：使用橡胶橡皮使劲擦拭二十次，钝化膜层完好，当使用塑料橡皮轻擦七次则钝化膜脱落露出金属镀层。由此可见，GB/T9791中所提的“无粒软橡皮擦”指的是传统的橡胶橡皮擦，而不是合成塑料橡皮擦。 （2）胶带粘贴法没有在相关的标准中提及，有些厂家采用600号3M胶带进行测试，这种方法主要来自波音标准BSS7225，该标准是针对涂层的结合力进行“胶带结合力检查”方法，该试验方法共3型5类。3型分别为Ⅰ型干附着力、

油漆检验标准

术语 1 油漆涂层缺陷用语 起泡涂层表面呈现鼓包的现象 针孔漆膜表面呈现针状小孔或毛孔的现象 起皱漆膜表面呈现凹凸不平且无规则线状褶皱的现象 桔皮漆膜表面呈现桔皮状纹路的现象 缺陷（露底）漏涂或未能完全覆盖前道涂层或材料色泽的现象 遮盖不良涂敷过薄或涂料遮盖力差使底色隐约可见的现象 裂纹漆膜表面呈现不规则，深浅不同断裂纹路的现象漆膜表面呈现 脱落漆膜从涂面呈现片状脱离的现象 麻点（凹陷）涂层表面因水，油等异物影响致使涂料不能均匀附着，产生抽缩形式泡疤而呈现凹坑的现象 流痕（流漆）喷涂在垂直面上的涂料向下流动，使漆面产生条痕的现象。严重时称为流挂 杂漆（发花）漆膜表面呈现不相溶的色点或块状的现象 颗粒漆膜表面附着颗粒状物质的现象 锈痕漆膜中产生锈点或接缝处呈现锈斑的现象 砂纸纹涂装干燥后，面漆仍可清楚地见到砂纸打磨纹的现象 碰划伤漆膜表面受外力碰伤而呈划痕的现象 2 表面油漆涂层质量 表面油漆涂层质量检验包括：缺漆（露底）、起泡、裂纹、脱落、锈痕、麻点、流痕、起皱、桔皮、针孔、杂漆、颗粒、脏污、划伤、砂纸纹、遮盖不良、涂层光滑平整度等缺陷，并检验漆膜硬度、厚度、附着力、鲜映性、光泽度参数等

注：漆膜厚度、漆膜附着力、漆膜光泽、漆膜鲜映度等项目可酌情进行考核

注：漆膜厚度、漆膜附着力、漆膜光泽、漆膜鲜映度等项目可酌情进行考核

漆膜硬度铅笔检验方法 铅笔检验法是以一定硬度的铅笔刻划漆层，以目测漆膜划痕的深浅程度表示漆膜硬度。 1检验工具 1.1 中华牌高级绘图铅笔，规格为H、HB、B三种。 1.2绘图用橡皮或绒布 2检验条件 2.1被检产品涂层表面漆膜必须干燥、洁净（被检表面应尽量避免选择醒目及影响外观的部位）。 2.2铅笔芯直径为1.8mm以上，长度为3mm左右，笔尖圆平。 3检验方法 用手握住铅笔，铅笔与被检漆膜表面保持45度角，推进速度约8mm/s，推力要保持均匀，用力以不折断铅芯为限。在被检部位往返进行5次后，用橡皮或绒布将铅笔炭灰擦去，以目测检验漆膜划痕的深浅及明显程度。

油漆附着力测试

附着力：adhesion；adhesive force 两种不同物质接触部分的相互吸引力。分子力的一种表现。只有当两种物质的分子十分接近时才显现出来。两种固体的一般不能密切接触，它们之间的附着力不能发生作用；液体与固体能密切接触，它们之间的附着力能发生作用。例如涂料与所涂敷的物体之间具有附着力。 指漆膜与被涂物表面结合在一起的坚牢程度而言的。这种结合力是由漆膜中聚合物的极性基团(如羟基或羧基)与被涂物表面的极性基相互作用而形成的。被涂物表面有污染或水分；漆膜本身有较大的收缩应力；聚合物在固化过程中相互交联而使极性基的数量减少等。这些均是导致漆膜附着力下降的因素。漆膜的附着力只能以间接的手段来测定。目前专门测定漆膜附着力的方法分为叁大类型，即以划格法、划圈法为代表的综合测定法，、以拉开法为代表的剥落试验法和用溶剂和软化剂配合使用的测试水试验法。百格测试一般而言是测试对象在经过涂装之后测试其附着度的工具。按照日本工业标准(JIS),分为1~5级，级数越高，要求越严格，当客户规范当中要求是第5级时，表示完全不能有脱落。 参考标准：《GBT9286-1998 色漆和清漆漆膜的划痕实验》 百格刀，刀口宽度约为10mm~12mm，每1mm~1.2mm为间隔，共有10格，直线划下时会出现10条间隔相同的直线刀痕，于直线刀痕的垂直位置划下，便成为10*10的100格的正方形，百格刀划下去的时候应该割到见到底材，不可只割在涂料上，否则测试便不成立。当百格刀划完之后，还必须用胶带测试会不会脱落，首先，胶带贴于百格位置，以手指压下将胶带紧密贴附，再以瞬间的力道将胶带撕起，目视素材上的涂料是否有脱落现象此外，胶带并非随便一种都可以，以JIS标准而言，是必须指定厂牌与型号的。例如3M的Transparent Tape 600，此种胶带宽度为3/4inch，长度有1296inch和2592inch两种。 １其实验目的为何？ 目的为负着力的测试实验如针对(喷漆,电镀..) ２其实验条件及标准 规定利用3M600或610的胶带黏贴于百格中,快速拉起3M胶带,其面漆或电度层被胶带黏起的数量依照百格的百分比： ISO等级：0 ＝ASTM等级：5B 切口的边缘完全光滑，格子边缘没有任何剥落。 ISO等级：1 ＝ASTM等级：4B 在切口的相交处有小片剥落，划格区内实际破损≤5% 。 ISO等级：2 ＝ASTM等级：3B 切口的边缘和/或相交处有被剥落，其面积大于5%～15% 。 ISO等级：3 ＝ASTM等级：2B 沿切口边缘有部分剥落或整大片剥落，或部分格子被整片剥落。剥落的面积超过15%～35% 。 ISO等级：4 ＝ASTM等级：1B 切口边缘大片剥落/或者一些方格部分部分或全部剥落，其面积大于划格区的35%～65% 。ISO等级：5 ＝ASTM等级：0B 在划线的边缘及交叉点处有成片的油漆脱落，且脱落总面积大于65％。 依照客户要求B数测试是否通过百格实验，一般手机业界客户要求在4B以上。３其实验方式为何？ 正式的话是使用百格刀,横向与纵向各划1刀及型成100各细小方格.如无百格刀利用美工刀也可以. 利用3M600或610的胶带黏贴于百格中,快速拉起3M胶带,测试脱落数量。 4 操作步骤： -用划格器在涂层上切出十字格子图形，切口直至基材； -用毛刷对角线方向各刷五次，用胶带贴在切口上再拉开； -观察格子区域的情况，可用放大镜观察。划格结果附着力按照第二项的标准等级。 相关测试工具产品参数

油漆检验标准

术语 1油漆涂层缺陷用语 起泡涂层表面呈现鼓包的现象 针孔漆膜表面呈现针状小孔或毛孔的现象 起皱漆膜表面呈现凹凸不平且无规则线状褶皱的现象 桔皮漆膜表面呈现桔皮状纹路的现象 缺陷（露底）漏涂或未能完全覆盖前道涂层或材料色泽的现象 遮盖不良涂敷过薄或涂料遮盖力差使底色隐约可见的现象 裂纹漆膜表面呈现不规则，深浅不同断裂纹路的现象漆膜表面呈现 脱落漆膜从涂面呈现片状脱离的现象 麻点（凹陷）涂层表面因水，油等异物影响致使涂料不能均匀附着，产生抽缩形式泡疤而呈现凹坑的现象 流痕（流漆）喷涂在垂直面上的涂料向下流动，使漆面产生条痕的现象。严重时称为流挂 杂漆（发花）漆膜表面呈现不相溶的色点或块状的现象 颗粒漆膜表面附着颗粒状物质的现象 锈痕漆膜中产生锈点或接缝处呈现锈斑的现象 砂纸纹涂装干燥后，面漆仍可清楚地见到砂纸打磨纹的现象 碰划伤漆膜表面受外力碰伤而呈划痕的现象 2表面油漆涂层质量 表面油漆涂层质量检验包括：缺漆（露底）、起泡、裂纹、脱落、锈痕、麻点、流痕、起皱、桔皮、针孔、杂漆、颗粒、脏污、划伤、砂纸纹、遮盖不良、涂层光滑平整度等缺陷，并检验漆膜硬度、厚度、附着力、鲜映性、光泽度参数等

注：漆膜厚度、漆膜附着力、漆膜光泽、漆膜鲜映度等项目可酌情进行考核

漆膜硬度铅笔检验方法 铅笔检验法是以一定硬度的铅笔刻划漆层，以目测漆膜划痕的深浅程度表示漆膜硬度。 1 检验工具 中华牌高级绘图铅笔，规格为H、HB、B 三种。 绘图用橡皮或绒布 2 检验条件 被检产品涂层表面漆膜必须干燥、洁净（被检表面应尽量避免选择醒目及影响外观的部位）。 铅笔芯直径为以上，长度为3mn左右，笔尖圆平。 3检验方法 用手握住铅笔，铅笔与被检漆膜表面保持45度角，推进速度约8mm/s推力要保持均匀，用力以不折断铅芯为限。在被检部位往返进行 5 次后，用橡皮或绒布将铅笔炭灰擦去，以目测检验漆膜划痕的深浅及明显程度。

油漆附着力的测定方法

油漆附着力的测定方法 测定附着力的方法有：划圈法、划格法、拉开法、扭开法及美国ASTM中的划X法等数种，国家标准标准GB1720-89（79）规定了划圈法测定漆膜附着力的方法，而GB9286-88规定了采用划格法测定附着力，GB5210-85规定了采用拉开法测定涂层附着力的方法。其中应用最简便的是划圈法测定漆膜附着力，现场最为常用的是划格法。 1、划圈法测定附着力 划圈法所采用的附着力测定仪是按照划痕范围内的漆膜完整程度进行评定，以级表示。是按照制备好的马口铁板固定在测定仪上，为确保划透漆膜，酌情添加砝码，按顺时针方向，以80-100r/min均匀摇动摇柄，以圆滚线划痕，标准圆长7.5cm，取出样板，评级。实验中需要注意以下几点： （a ）测定仪的针头必须保持锐利，否则无法分清1，2级的分别，应在测定前先用手指触摸感觉是否锋利，或在测定若干块试板后酌情理换。 （b）先试着刻划几圈，划痕应刚好划透漆膜，若未露底板，酌情添加砝码；但不要加得过多，以免加大阻力，磨损针头。 （c）评级时可以7级（最内层）开始评定，也可以1级（最外圈）评级，按顺序检查各部位的漆膜完整程度，如某一部位的格子有705以上完好，则认为该部位是完好的，否则认为坏损。例如，部位1漆膜完好，附着力最佳，定为1级；部位1漆膜坏损而部位2完好的，附着力次之定为2级。依据类推，7级附着力最差。通常要求比较好的底漆附着力应达到1级，面漆的附着力可在2级左右。 2、划格法测定附着力 划格法附着力标准主要有ASTMD3359、ISO-2409和GB9286-98。其测试方法和描述基本相同，只是对于附着力级别的说明次序刚好相反。ASTMD3359是5B-OB 级由好到坏，而ISO-2409是0-5为由好到坏。实验工具是划格测试器，它是具有6个切割面的多刀片切割器，切刀间隙1mm、2mm和3mm（刀头可以更换）。将试样涂于样板上，干燥16小时后，用划格器平行拉动3-4cm，有六道切痕，应切穿漆膜至底材；然后用同样的方法与前者垂直，切痕同样六道；这样形成许多小方格。对于软底材，用软毛刷沿网格图形成每一条对角线，轻轻向前和后各扫几次，即可评定等级；而对于硬质底材，先清扫，之后贴上胶带（一般使用3M 胶带），且要保证胶带与实验区全面接触，可以用手指来回摩擦使之接触良好，然后迅速拉开，使用目视或者放大镜对照标准与说明附图进行对比定级。其分级的标准描述为： 级别描述 0切割边缘完全平滑，无一格脱落 1交叉处有少许涂层脱落，受影响面积不能明显大于5% 2在切口交叉处或沿切口边缘有涂层脱落，影响面积为5%-15% 3涂层沿切割边缘部分或全部以大面积脱落受影响的交叉切割面积在15%-35% 5沿边缘整条脱落，有些格子部分或全部脱落，受影响面积35%-65% 6剥落的程度超过4级