茶花女
杜十娘与茶花女的形象比较《茶花女》和《杜十娘怒沉百宝箱》向我们讲述了两个女人的故事。茶花女玛格丽特的悲剧上演在19世纪的法国巴黎，而杜十娘的悲剧发生在明代中国的京城。这两处无疑是当时最具有诱惑力的地方，当时风流云集，车马喧嚣，即使一切的罪恶和虚伪在背地里泛滥成灾，繁华掩盖过处依然是歌舞升平，一派富贵温柔景象。我们的女主人公就在这样的环境下粉墨登场，悲剧的序幕也由此拉开。之所以在众多的塑造女性形象为主的故事里选择这两位作比较是因为她们身上有许多惊人相似的地方，比如说，她们的身份都是社会底层的妓女，她们貌美出众，她们是富人贵公子猎艳的对象，她们都过着与下等身份极不相称的奢侈而又如众星捧月般的生活，更重要的是，她们厌倦了这样的生活，在她们内心深处，有强烈的对于自由生活的向往，一旦她们遇上了心仪的男子，她们便会毫不眷念地离开这纸醉金迷的生活，而将爱情写满整个生命。然而，在二人看似相同的命运背后，我们又分明体味出不同的人生滋味，一种悲壮，一种凄美，一种是绝望掀起的震撼，一种是宽恕带来的感动。一、对爱情的向往。爱情是人类亘古不变的永久话题。爱情让人痴、让人狂。正如"黑格尔曾讲过这样一段话：“爱情在女子面前显得最美,因为她把全部的精神生活与现实生活都集中在爱情里和推广成爱情，她只有在爱情里才找到生命的支持力。”也就是说爱情对于女性来说，要比男性更显重要的多,女性把爱情等同于她的生命意义，爱情往往成为女性生活的重要支柱力量。也难怪会有人会说：“爱情让女人变的美丽,更让女人变的坚强。”爱情、爱无疑是主动付出，而情是这所付出情感在内心深处的自我体味，无论付出的情感有没有得到回报，对情的自我认定就是心灵的一种慰藉。玛格丽特和杜十娘都生活在纸醉金迷的风流场，但纵情声色并不是她们真正所向往的生活。玛格丽特本是一位贫穷的乡下姑娘，为谋生来到巴黎，不幸落入风尘，做了妓女，染上了挥霍钱财的恶习。她以疯狂的寻欢作乐来麻痹自己，但内心去厌恶这种空虚的生活，是一个依旧保持天真性情的沦落女子，她对阿尔芒说：“您可能会感到奇怪吧，我的朋友。这种看来似乎使我十分幸福的巴黎生活，一旦不能激起我的热情，就会使我感到厌烦，因此我突然向往起能使我想起童年时代的那种安静生活.....” 她向往真正的爱情生活，所以当玛格丽特把阿尔芒对她的爱慕当成了真正的爱情之后，就毫不犹豫地不顾一切地献出了她的一切。彼此深深相爱，在远离巴黎市区的乡间过
了一段她一生中最美好的时光。杜十娘也是“可怜一片无瑕玉，误落风尘花柳中”，她并非情愿当妓女，她一直立志从良，找一个与之“情好的郎君”过正常人的生活。后来她发现“李公子忠厚老实，甚有心向他”，与李公子“朝欢暮乐，终日相守，如夫妇一般，海誓山盟，各无他志”。爱情赋予了这两个女子无穷的勇气和力量，玛格丽特决心彻底改掉过去的习惯，永远和阿尔芒在一起，享受一个女人真正的幸福；而杜十娘则不惜自拿一半银子赎身，并与鸨母周旋，可以说为了未来，她费尽了苦心，也历尽了艰难。 妓女以出卖肉体和感情为职业，但她们也有自己不愿意出卖的爱情，或许正是因为她们看够了人间的虚情假意，反而更加看重、也更加渴望真正的爱情。面对玛格丽特的一片真情，阿尔芒却始终不肯相信妓女也会有真正的爱情，“我的这位姑娘和其他妓女没有什么两样，以前我太抬举她了，她把我当小学生。为了欺骗我，她耍了一个简单的手段来侮辱我。”所以从占有玛格丽特的第二天起，就让猜疑占据了他的心头，第三天就认定玛格丽特欺骗了他而发出了一封羞辱和谴责她的绝交信。然而，当他听到朋友祝贺他得到了“可以替他争面子的不容易到手的漂亮情妇” 玛格丽特之后，在虚荣心的作用下，立刻后悔起来，并给玛格丽特发出了请求宽恕的信。所以我们有理由相信，在阿尔芒心目中，占有巴黎名妓的虚荣心的分量要比对玛格丽特的爱情的分量重得多。也就是说他真正想要的是一份拥有名妓的虚荣而不是一个普通女人的爱情。正如书中玛格丽特当面怒斥阿尔芒时所说的那样：“ 你，你不愿意让我知道你的景况，你要我保留我的虚荣心来满足你的虚荣心，你想保持我过去的奢侈生活，你想保持我们思想上的差距，你，总之，不相信我对你的无私的爱情，不相信我愿意和你同甘共苦，有了你这笔财产我们本来可以一起生活得很幸福，但你宁愿把自己弄得倾家荡产，你这种成见真是太根深蒂固了。你以为我会把虚荣当着幸福吗？一个人心中没有爱情的时候可以满足于虚荣，但是一旦有了爱情，虚荣就变得庸俗不堪了。”人们常说，“真正的爱情往往能使人变得崇高 ”，然而阿尔芒在得到了玛格丽特之后不但没有变得丝毫崇高起来，反而变得更加堕落了。他整天除了享受拥有巴黎名妓的虚荣和快乐之外，就是去地下赌场赌博来增加一点用于挥霍的金钱，全然不顾玛格丽特维持巴黎名妓排场的费用其实是来自其他几个男人的供养这一事实，也丝毫没有考虑应该怎样尽快让玛格丽特过上正常人的生活。由此我们可以更加清晰
地看出，阿尔芒对玛格丽特的所谓爱情是多么地微不足道。李甲对待杜十娘的“爱”是一种猎艳式的，“未逢美色，自遇了杜十娘，喜出望外，把花柳情怀一担儿挑在他身上。”他的心理有的只是十娘的美色与温情，但是他并没有把十娘当成一个妻子、一个人看待，只不过把十娘看成自己的尤物、一件商品。李甲对十娘的追求是为了满足自己的新奇，满足自己的虚荣心，炫耀自己的能力罢了。在与孙富的交谈中他毫不掩饰的向孙富买弄道：“此乃北京名妓杜十娘也。”为了自己能够体面的归家，他听从了孙富的唆使，用一千两把 十娘给卖了，重新把十娘仍回火坑。阿尔芒与李甲在整个爱情里，他们始终扮演着消极、被动的角色。对于爱情，这两个女子是绝对忠诚而坚决的，所不同的是玛格丽特始终在声色中沉醉，直到爱情复苏了她的心灵，爱情是把她从昏睡中唤醒的一剂良药，因此她对这爱情充满了感恩，“她爱我，她生活里不能没有我，不论发生什么事她都不会放弃和我朝夕相处的幸福，还说谁要看不惯，尽可以不再到这里来。”“我决不离开阿尔芒，我也不再隐瞒我和他的同居生活。这样做可能很傻，但是我爱他！有什么办法呢？而且他现在毫无顾虑地爱我已经成了习惯。” 他对阿尔芒说：“我爱你爱得简直连我自己都不能相信。我们会幸福的，我们要安静的生活，我要和那种使我 现在感到脸红的生活告别。”为了阿尔芒她愿意牺牲一切，甚至愿意去死。而杜十娘从一开始就有着从良的愿望，有着追求纯洁、自由、幸福生活的强烈要求。爱情对于她来说，是她自己努力抓住的一根救命稻草，虽然那么容易折断。爱情一旦折翼，她会坚强地承受，用死来抗争。从某种程度上说，玛格丽特比杜十娘幸福，爱情始终在她心中活着，而杜十娘的爱情彻底死去，沉入深深江底。二、对人生态度的积极与消极。 杜十娘聪明能干，有心计，会安排。她虽然误落风尘多年，但对未来、对人生仍抱有希望，很早就有跳出火坑从良嫁人的打算。为此，她瞒着鸨儿，把自己出卖肉体得宋的金银首饰和珍宝古玩私藏起来，既在百宝箱里藏匿金银珠宝，又在被褥花絮中藏有碎银，以便日后遇到意中人作为终身相托的物质基础。当她发 现李甲“忠厚志诚，甚有心向他”时，并没有马上许以终身，而是设法考验李甲对她的爱情是否忠贞。杜十娘深知旧礼教的力量，估计和李甲一起回乡会遭到李甲父亲的反对，所以她对日后也作了种种安排。为了应付李甲之父——李布政的阻挠她和李甲的结合，她想了一条妙计“父子天性，岂能终绝。既然仓卒难犯，不若
与郎君于尊大人面前劝解和顺，然后携妾于归，彼此安妥。”这些都说明杜十娘是个精明能干，识大体，会思考，为追求正常的爱情生活费尽心计的人，虽然最后仍然没有冲破封建礼法的罗网，但这种聪明、冷静和沉着的性格令人赞叹。此外，杜十娘对享乐放荡的生活十分厌恶，一旦有了意中人以后，就不顾鸨儿的责骂威逼，坚决不再接客，把自己的爱情全部寄托在李甲身上。茶花女的性格和表现却不尽相同。她在放荡之中有忠贞，任性之牛有善良。 日日夜夜的奢华淫荡生活，使她的精神极度疲劳、烦闷和空虚。生活里到处是虚情假意，冷酷自私，使她感情容易冲动，反复无常，狂热任性。她狂欢纵乐，没有积蓄，过着今朝有酒今朝醉的生活。她玩世不恭，游戏人生，“她的谈笑粗鲁得就像一个脚夫，别人讲的话越下流，她就笑得越起劲”。作者满怀同情的说， “可怜的姑娘在放荡、酗酒和失眠中逃避生活的现实”，这是“比痛苦还更痛苦、还更悲愁的一种欢欣”。即使当茶花女遇见了阿尔芒，同意成为阿尔芒的情人后，为了应付每年十万法郎的巨额花费，她仍然不得不强装欢笑接待其他情人，因此，她的内心比起杜十娘来更为痛苦。三杜十娘身上具有强烈的反抗精神。当李甲筹足赎身钱而鸨儿有翻悔之意时，杜十娘坚决告诉鸨儿，如果不同意自己赎身从良，就立即自杀，使鸨儿人财两失。杜十娘刚烈的斗争态度，迫使鸨儿让了步。反抗精神在她投江自杀之前更为突出集中地表现出来。当杜十娘得知李甲把自己卖给孙富的交易已成定局，命运已无可挽回时，她不是用眼泪和昔日的恩情来哀求李甲回心转意，也不用巨额财富去诱使李甲重过夫妻生活，特别是偷偷地看到李甲的脸上还“欣欣似有喜色”，更使她伤心绝望。于是她毅然当着众人之面，把无数贵重珠宝一件件投入江心，在怒斥孙富诡计多端，“破人姻缘，断人恩爱”，痛斥李甲有眼无珠，见利忘义以后，纵身跳入江心。杜十娘用自己投江自尽和怒沉百宝箱的悲烈场面，向迫害自己的势力作了最激烈的控诉和抗争，这种不妥协的斗争精神令人感愤惊叹。与杜十娘相比，茶花女显得忍辱负重的牺牲精神有余，坚决反抗的斗争精神不足。她能摆脱公爵、伯爵和纨绔子弟的控制和威胁，坚决卖去一切奢侈品而和阿尔芒隐居乡下，这是她反抗精神的表现。但是茶花女心肠太软，过于舍己为人，对于门第等级观念又太忍让屈从，当阿尔芒的父亲用自己的儿子和一个妓女私混，会使自己的儿子去豪赌，使自己的女儿无法嫁给她心爱的男人去劝茶花女时玛格丽特想：“我只不过是一个妓女
，不管我讲得多么有理，这种关系看起来总是像一种自私的打算，我过去的生活已经使我没有权利来梦想这样的未来，那么我必须对我的习惯和名誉所造成的后果承担责任......我要赢得的这个正直的老人对我的尊敬，我相信以后也必定会得到您对我的尊敬，所有这一切都在我的心里激起了一个崇高的思想，这些思想使我在自己心目中变得有了价值，并使我产生了一种从未有过的圣洁自豪感。我的思想境界就与过去截然不同了，我的内心充满了骄傲。”阿尔芒的父亲的两滴泪水让玛格丽特感到“这两滴泪珠就像对我过去所犯的错误的洗礼就在我刚才同意委身于一个男人的时候，一想到用这个新的错误所赎回的东西时我自豪得满脸生光。”为了这种所谓的“人生价值”，所谓的“圣洁的自豪感 ”。玛格丽特在作牺牲爱情、牺牲理想、牺牲未来的抉择后，为了使自己不再痛苦，不再发狂，为了在自己投入的那种醉生梦死生活中去自我陶醉，她求助于肉体上的疲劳，参加所有的舞会和宴会。以至在跳出火坑之后重又折回，最后，用慢性自杀的方式含恨而死。这种懦弱性格只能引人怜悯，却缺乏杜十娘那种壮烈刚强的鼓舞人们起来抗争的力量。
Marguerite
’
s Character in
Camille
Name: Zhu Keling
Number: 20095061821
Department
: School of Foreign Languages
Major: English
Supervisor: Zhao Qin
Title: Associate professor
Thesis statement: This is my analysis about the chief personality---The lady of the camellias and her character.
Outline:
I. An introduction to the author and the novel
A .The importance of Alexandre Dumas Fils and
Camille
B .The brief introduction to Alexandre Dumas Fils
C .The content of Camille
II .Personalities of Marguerite
A .Her noble soul and great courage
1 .She is different from other kept-woman and yearns for uprightness
2 .The braveness she possessed
B .Her qualities of wisdom, kindness and staunchness
1 .Marguerite’s choice of leaving her lover
2 .She always lives for others
3 .She bears all of things alone and firmly
C .My thought about other characters and the whole society of the moment
III.Conclusion: Marguerits’s lighting out for pursuing real love Marguerite’s Character in Camille Part I,
A
The
lady
of
the
camellia
is
based
on
a
French
tragic
play
based
on
Alexandre
Dumas
Fils
’
s
novel
Camille
.
The
play
was
adapted
for
the
theater
in
1852
and
then
for
the
opera
in
1853.
The
play
became
a
favorite of audiences in the late 19th century.
Part I, B
Alexandre Dumas Fils is a famous French playwright and novelist and
one
of
the
founders
of
the
“
problem
play
”
---that
is,
the
middle-class
realistic
drama
which
threats
some
contemporary
illness
and
offers
suggestions
for
its
remedy.
He
is
the
son
of
Alexandre
Dumas.
He
was
raised by
his
seamstress
mother
until
his
father
legally
realized
him.
He
inherited
his
father
’
s
literary
fecundity.
But
the
style
of
the
two
men
is
different. His
first success was a
novel---
Camille
. His
father
’
s
illicit
love
affairs had a big effect on him and he devoted his plays to sermons on the
sanctity
of
the
family
and
marriage.
Modern
audiences
usually
find
his
work and drama sententious, but
in
the
late 19th century eminent critics
praised his plays for their moral seriousness.
Part I, C
The story
Camille
is
set
in Paris during the
mid 1800
’
s. The
lead
is
Marguerite
Gautier,
a
young
beautiful
courtesan.
She
felt
used,
abused
and
unloved.
The
marquis
regarded
her
as
merchandise.
Later,
Armand
Duval came into her life and showed her that he loved her as a person and
not
for
what she could do
for
him.
It
must
have taken
great courage
for
Marguerite to leave the life she had lived for so long, knowing that it was
probably
too
good
to
be
true
and
wouldn
’
t
last
indefinitely.
And
it
also
shows
that
Marguerite
really
loved
Armand
Duval,
because
she
could
even
change
herself
for
him.
In
her
fragile
physical
state,
she
moved
to
the
country
with
Armand
Duval.
In
the
countryside,
she
was
happy
and
free.
Armand
became
depressed
for
his
career
seems
doomed
by
the
intolerance
of
French
society,
and
knowing
that
he
can
not
support
Marguerite
to
the
level
she
used
to
have.
In
order
to
relieve
Armand
Duval
’
s
financial
pressure,
Marguerite
sold
her
jewels
at
a
low
price
secretly.
However,
happiness
didn
’
t
last
for
long.
When
Mr.Duval,
Armand
’
s
father came to
her, pleading
her to
leave Armand to save both
Armand
’
s reputation and
his
younger
innocent
sister,
who
is also
tainted
by
the scandal. Marguerite
felt
it was
her duty to save both
Armand and
his
sister
even
it
means
that
she
had
to
give
up
her
own
happiness
and
hurt
her
lover. She
had
no choice but
to do so because she
loved
him so
much
that
she
didn
’
t
want
to
influence
his
prospect.
She
reluctantly
returned
to
Paris
where
despairingly
threw
herself
int
o
her
old
lifestyle.
Armand
didn
’
t
know
the
reason
and
hated
her.
Time
passed.
They
accidentally
met
again
in
public.
Armand
insulted
her
severely.
Sadly,
she
died
in
debt
and
basically
alone,
except
for
her
one
female
friend,
who helped her during her illness. She had her diary sent to Armand after
her death, explaining why she had left him. Armand realized his fault and
was bitterly remorseful.
Part II, A, 1
When I
first began
to read
the book,
I didn
’
t care
for
Marguerite or
her attitude toward life, but as I went further into the novel, I realized that
her
saucy
attitude
was
a
front
to
cover
her
inner
heart.
There
were
also
other women who give up
their social status and dignity and work on the
lowest
job to
meet
their
material demand. People often
look down
upon
them, and I
have the
same
feeling,
too.
But
when
I came to know
about
Marguerite,
I was astonished and changed
my opinion.
Because she
was
different
from other kept-women and she
was a
noble and pure at
heart.
Marguerite
is
just
like
the
camellia,
and
the
erosion
is
its
nourishment.
However,
compared
to
other
camellias,
this
camellia
is
more
beautiful
and different. In order
to pursue
uprightness and
her real
love, she
could
abandon
the
luxurious
life,
but
other
kept-women
couldn
’
t
do
it
firmly.
This
flower
longed
for
the
sunlight.
She
tried
her
best
to
touch
the
sunlight.
Unfortunately,
she
ended
up
with
breaking
off
the
branch.
However, her soul obtained the purification. She possessed a holy soul!
Part II, A,2
Marguerite
’
s love tragedy is same as the delicate flower. She lived a
non-goal and dissipated life for a long time until she encountered her real
love
finally. She considered the
fine
love as a great beacon of courage to
kill
all
her bad
habits
in the past and
make a
firm determination to seek
for a peaceful but
fantastic
life
with
her
love one. And she gave up all of
these
which could bring
her joy temporarily
so
as
to stick with
her
love
one.
It
may
take
great
effort
and
determination
to
crawl
from
the
depth
mire
and
Marguerite
did
it
successfully.
She
was
bravely
enough
to
pursue her real
love and struggle
for
it
in spite of all
kinds of difficulties.
What
’
s
more,
once
she
decided
to
leave
her
old
bad
life
to
the
country,
she is decisive. She quarreled with the marquis and drove him away from
her
family,
because
she
hated
and
refused
to
be
treated
as
merchandise.
At
the
last of
the story, she
faced
her own death bravely.
Her cour
age
is
far beyond my description.
Part
II,
B
Lingering
between
the
words,
we
could
completely
feel
how
kind,
dignified and rational
she was. At
first she
refused
Armand although she
knew
he
was
really
loved
her
with
his
soul.
Because
of
her
gloomy
despair
of
life,
she
was
afraid
that
she
may
influence
him.
She
didn
’
t
want to bring him stain. As soon as Armand
’
s father came to pleaded her
to
leave
Armand,
actually
she
was
sad.
But
soon
she
was
calm
and
rational. In fact, she wasn
’
t indulged in the sadness as well as lost in their
love. On
the contrary,
she considered
toward Armand and
thought
about
it
carefully
at
Armand
’
s
place.
In
order
to
save
Armand
’
s
prospect
and
his sister
’
s
marriage, she
made a sacrifice. How considerate and kind she
was! She lived all her life for others. However, no one can understand her,
even
Armand
misunderstood
her
for
a
short
span
of
time.
We
have
to
admit that what a
hopeless torture she
tolerated and what a disappointed
suffering she endured at the last part of her life. It was really too much to
her. She put
up
with
these suffering all
the time. What she experienced,
what
she
faced and
what she did
made
her a real
rational, kind,
sublime
and eternal ideal woman in people
’
s heart.
Part II, C
As far as other characters in the book, I think Marguerite was right in
saying that no one truly cared about her, but only wanted something from
her,
the
only
exceptions
being
Armand
and
Julie
Duprat.
Of
course,
the
marquis wanted
her body and
appearance; the Duke
needed to
“
wake
up
and
smell
the
coffee
”
and
realized
that she could
never replace
his dead
daughter.
And
lastly,
Prudence
was
greedy.
Camellia
couldn
’
t
escape
from
the destiny of
withering. But
it wasn
’
t
her
fault;
it
’
s because of
the
evil of capitalism and the hideousness of the society.
The society was so
cold that
it would
never show any
mercy
for a kept-woman. She was too
delicate to struggle against this cold and heartless society.
Part III
Through the whole story, I cannot
help deeply touched by the bitterly
sweet
love,
which
provided
us
a
comprehensive
understanding
of
love.
Marguerite
really
lives
an
abundant
life,
for
she
really
appreciated
an
impressive love in her limited life journey. I have sympathy for her bitter
fate and show
my respect
for
her qualities. She also
told
us to seek after
our real love bravely. So love strongly, although you may be hurtful, it is
the only way to make your life completely!
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