翻译三级笔译综合能力2004年05月
2004年5月英语三级《笔译综合能力》试题
Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)
This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.
Part 1 Vocabulary Selection
In this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
1. Grover Cleveland was the first president ______ in the White House.
A. got married
B. to get married
C. has got married
D. was married
2. If cauliflowers are not ______ from extreme temperatures, the heads get discolored.
A. protected
B. shelter
C. shade
D. saved
3. The gas ______ from the tank is dangerous.
A. given off
B. giving out
C. giving away
D. given up
4. When it started to snow, we turned round and ______ the hotel.
A. got by
B. searched for
C. made for
D. cleared up
5. Since writing home to their parents for money, they had lived ______ hope.
A. in
B. for
C. on
D. through
6. Rice is the ______ food of most Southeast Asians.
A. common
B. general
C. staple
D. popular
7. William Byrd was the owner of the largest library in colonial ______.
A. period
B. time
C. times
D. periods
8. Exobiology is the study of life ______ other planets.
A. in
B. at
C. on
D. to
9. The Declaration of Independence, ______ the Constitution of the United States, was drawn up with the help of Benjamin Franklin.
A. and
B. also
C. as well as
D. so too
10. It was from the Lowell Laboratory that the ninth ______ Pluto, was sighted in 1930.
A. planet
B. constellation
C. stardom
D. satellite
11. The rodent, ______ the mouse, rat, guinea pig, and porcupine, are mammals with incisor-like teeth in both jaws.
A. made up
B. including
C. consisting
D. constitute
12. ______ into oceans and rivers is a serious form of pollution.
A. Pouring sewage
B. Emptying litter
C. Throwing garbage
D. Dumping sewage
13. Products which are made from dirts and are ______ high temperatures are known as ceramics.
A. tempered in
B. subjected to
C. exposed to
D. baked in
14. A pigment called melanin protects the ______ layers of skin from sun rays.
A. under
B. below
C. underlying
D. underneath
15. Oranges are a ______ source of vitamin C.
A. well
B. better
C. good
D. very
16. Even after having their grandchildren live with them for ten years, the couple felt that ______ children these days was the most difficult of all family matters.
A. rising
B. raising
C. caring
D. taking care
17. The most important ______ of the farmers in Iraq is dates, of which Iraq is the world's leading exporter.
A. economic crop
B. cash crop
C. money crop
D. staple
18. More has been learned about the Moon than any other of the Earth's neighbors in space because of the Apollo program, which enabled men to walk on the Moon and bring back hundreds of pounds of ______.
A. rocks
B. rock
C. stone
D. stones
19. ______ the variety that the average family has in bear, fish, poultry, and vegetarian recipes, they find most meals unexciting.
A. In spite
B. Inspite
C. Despite of
D. Despite
20. The speaker ______ have criticized the paraprofessionals, knowing full well that they were seated in the audience.
A. should not to
B. must not
C. ought not to
D. may not
Part 2 Vocabulary Replacement
This part consists of 15 sentences in which one word or phrase is underlined. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part without causing any grammatical error or changing the basic meaning of the sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
21. Iceland has the oldest parliament, which goes as far back to 930 A.D. when Althing, the legislative organization, was established.
A. office
B. adobe
C. assembly
D. building
22. The only problem with the debate last week was that the beginning sounded more like a personal attack than a dispassionate, intellectual arguing.
A. discussion
B. argument
C. talk
D. speech
23. Susan Jones was at the bus stop well on time to take the 7:01 bus, but she had to miss her breakfast to do it.
A. catch up with
B. catch
C. run up to
D. be catching
24. Since her father could not drive her to the airport, she requested her uncle to drive her instead.
A. take
B. bring
C. dispatch
D. deliver
25. A famous collection of Persian, Indian, and Arabian folktales, the Arabian Nights was supposedly told by the legendary, queen Scheherazade to her husband every night for 1,001 days.
A. imaginary B imagery
C. fabled
D. legend
26. What may be the oldest fossil footprint yet found was discovered in June 1968 by William J. Meister, a non-professional fossil collector.
A. a part-time
B. a spare-time
C. an untrained
D. an amateur
27. Most of us think of sharks as dangerous, owing to lack of information rather than fear.
A. due to
B. because
C. as
D. for
28. Double Eagle II, the first trans-Atlantic balloon, was greeted by avid crowds in France.
A. eager
B. surging
C. appreciative
D. vigorous
29. The discovery of the connection between aspirin and Reyessyndrome, a rare and deadly ailment, is a recent example of the caution with which drugs must be used, even for medical purposes.
A. disease
B. sick
C. ill
D. illness
30. My parents moved out of their old home sometime last year after they had celebrated their 50th year there.
A. anniversary
B. years old
C. age
D. wedding
31. The library she worked in lent books, magazines, audio-cassettes and maps to its customers, who could keep them for four weeks.
A. borrowers
B. lenders
C. patrons
D. clients
32. A common question that people ask a story writer is whether or not he has experienced what he has written about.
A. fiction
B. science
C. imaginary
D. literary
33. At the World Literacy Center, an organization that works to help people read, the helpers work hard, enabling them to successfully reach their goals..
A. assistants
B. volunteers
C. part-timers
D. amateurs
34. The officers made it clear that they were letting her go only because that she was old and not because she was above suspicion.
A. for reason
B. due to
C. because of
D. on the grounds
35. The book, which is a useful guide for today's young people, deals with many questions and problems that face them at school and at home as well as in society.
A. are faced
B. confront
C. in opposition
D. meet.
Part 3 Error Correction
This part consists of 15 sentences in which there is an underlined part that indicates a grammatical error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the
corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.
36. All don't have a free ticket must pay the admission fee.
A. Everyone who doesn't have a free ticket
B. No one who doesn't have a free ticket
C. No one who has free tickets
D. Anyone who has free tickets
37. When I last saw them, the police had chased the robbers down Columbus Street.
A. were chasing
B. was chasing
C. chased
D. were on a chase
38. Erosion that is a slow process, but it constantly changes the features on the surface of the earth.
A. which is
B. although
C. being
D. is
39. When an organism is completely encapsulated and preserved, it becomes a fossil, therefore turning into evidence of things that once lived.
A. thereby
B. as a result of
C. so
D. in the end
40. The pictures of the Loch Ness Monster show a remarkable resemblance to a plesiosaur, a large water reptile of the Mesozoic era presuming extinct for more than 70 million years.
A. supposed
B. presumably
C. presumptuous
D. is presumed
41. In our own galaxy, the Milky Way, there are perhaps 200 billion stars, a small part of them probably have planets on which life is feasible.
A. a small fraction in which
B. a small fraction of which
C. a small fraction which
D. which a fraction of
42. "But you'll be able to come, won't you?" "Yes, I think such."
A. that
B. it
C. so
D. this
43. The professor is quite difficult pleased.
A. to please
B. to be pleased
C. for pleasing
D. pleasing
44. Because everyone knows, facts speak louder than words.
A. Since
B. That
C. It
D. As
45. The trapeze artist who ran away with the clown broke up the lion tamer's heart.
A. broke away
B. broke down
C. broke
D. broken down
46. His heavy drinking and fond of gambling, makes him a poor role model.
A. and fact that he gambles
B. and that he gambles
C. and he gambles which
D. and gambling
47. Depression that inflicts people who believe their lives lack content when the rush of the busy week stops referred to by a prominent psychiatrist as Sunday Neurosis.
A. has been referred to by a prominent psychiatrist
B. has been referred to as by a prominent psychiatrist
C. a prominent psychiatrist has referred to it
D. it has been referred to by a prominent psychiatrist
48. Just as there are occupations that require college degrees also there are occupations for which technical
training is necessary.
A. so to there are
B. so too there are
C. so there are
D. so too are there
49. Most of the older civilizations which flourished during the fifth century B.C. are died out.
A. they have died out
B. has died out
C. have died out
D. they had died out
50. The student asked her professor if he would have gone on the space ship he did know earlier.
A. if he knew
B. if he knows
C. he had known
D. had he known
Section 2 Reading Comprehension (55 points)
In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 75 minute.
Awarded the Nobel Prize for physics in 1918, German physicist Max Planck is best remembered as the originator of the quantum theory. His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community's understanding of atomic and subatomic processes.
Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory, which became the foundation of twentieth century physics. In December 1900, Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies. He had developed a theory which depended on a model of matter that seemed very strange at the time. The model required the emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles. These particles were later called quantums. The energy associated with each quantum is measured by multiplying the frequency of the radiation, v, by a universal constant, h. Thus, energy, or E, equals by. The constant, h, is known as Planck's constant. It is now recognized as one of the fundamental constants of the world.
Planck announced his findings in 1900, but it was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized. Throughout his life, Planck made significant contributions to optics, thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, physical chemistry, among other fields.
51. In which of the following fields did Max Planck NOT make a significant contribution?
A. Optics.
B. Thermodynamics.
C. Statistical mechanics.
D. Biology.
52. The word "revolutionary" as used in Line 16 means ______.
A. radical
B. extremist
C. momentous
D. militaristic
53. It can be inferred from the passage that Planck's work led to the development of which of the following?
A. The rocket.
B. The atomic bomb.
C. The internal combustion engine.
D. The computer.
54. The particles of electromagnetic radiation given off by matter are known as ______.
A. quantums
B. atoms
C. electrons
D. valences
55. The implication in this passage is that ______
A. only a German physicist could discover such a theory
B. quantum theory, which led to the development of twentieth century physics, is basically a mathematical formula
C. Planck's constant was not discernible before 1900
D. radiation was hard to study
56. "An idea" as used in Line 5, refers to ______.
A. a model of matter
B. emission of electromagnetic radiation
C. quantums
D. the equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies
There has been much speculation about the origin of baseball. In 1907 a special commission decided that the modem game was invented by Abner Doubleday in 1839. One hundred years later the National Baseball Museum was opened to honor Doubleday. Historians, however, disagree about the origin of baseball. Some say that baseball comes from bat-and-ball games of ancient times. It is a matter of record that in the 1700s English boys played a game they called "baseball". Americans have played a kind of baseball since about 1800. At first the American game had different rules and different names in various parts of the country -- "town ball", "rounders", or "one old cat". Youngsters today still play some of these simplified forms of the game.
Baseball did not receive a standard set of rules until 1845, when Alexander Cartwright organized the Knickerbocker Baseball Club of New York City. The rules Cartwright set up for his nine-player team were widely adopted by other clubs and formed the basis of modem baseball. The game was played on a "diamond" infield with the bases 90 feet apart. The first team to score 21 runs was declared the winner. By 1858 the National Association of Baseball Players was formed with 25 amateur teams. The Cincinnati Red Stockings began to pay players in 1869.
57. Which of the following is true about the origins of baseball?
A. Historians agree that baseball was invented by Abner Doubleday.
B. Baseball, as played in the early 19th century, differed very little from today's game.
C. As early as the 1700s, English boys played a game called "baseball".
D. The first standard set of baseball rules was established at the turn of the century.
58. What was the first professional baseball team called?
A. New York Knickerbockers.
B. Milwaukee Braves.
C. Cincinnati Red Stockings.
D. Brooklyn Dodgers.
59. Who first gave baseball a standard set of rules?
A. Abner Doubleday.
B. Alexander Cartwright.
C. Albert Spalding.
D. Babe Ruth.
60. Which of the following was NOT a predecessor of baseball?
A. Rounders.
B. Town ball.
C. Cricket.
D. One old cat.
61. The tone of the passage is ______.
A. persuasive
B. informative
C. biased
D. argumentative
62. The passage implies that until 1869, baseball was played for all of the following reasons EXCEPT ______
A. exercise
B. leisure
C. profit
D. socializing
The blue of the sea is caused by the scattering of sunlight by tiny particles suspended in the water. Blue light, being of short wavelength, is scattered more efficiently than light of longer wavelengths. Although waters of the open ocean are commonly some shade of blue, green water is commonly seen near coasts, especially in tropical or subtropical regions. This is caused by yellow pigments being mixed with blue water. Phytoplankton are one source of the yellow pigment. Other microscopic plants may color the water brown or brownish-red. Near the shore, silt or sediment in suspension can give water a brownish hue. Outflow of large rivers can often be observed
many miles offshore by the coloration of suspended soil particles.
Marine phytoplankton (Greek for "plant wanderers") are microscopic single-celled plants that include diatoms, dinoflagellates, coccolithophorids, green algae, and blue-green algae, among others. The growth of these organisms, which photosynthesize light, depends on a delicate balance of nutrient enrichment via vertical mixing, which is often limited by the availability of nitrogen and light. Diatoms are one-celled plants with patterned glass coverings. Each glass, or silicon dioxide box, is ornamented with species-specific designs, pits, and perforations making them popular with microscopists and, more recently, electron scanning microscopists.
63. Green water near coastlines is almost always caused by ______.
A. sand color
B. red pigments in coastal waters
C. blue pigment
D. reflected light and yellow pigment from plant life
64. Phytoplankton are the source of which color pigment?
A. Red.
B. Green.
C. Yellow.
D. Blue.
65. What can give waters a brownish hue near the shore?
A. Sediment.
B. Phytoplankton.
C. Blue pigment.
D. Diatoms.
66. Which of the following is NOT a type of phytoplankton?
A. Green algae.
B. Diatoms.
C. Blue-green algae.
D. Amoeba.
67. The growth of phytoplankton is often limited by the availability of ______.
A. oxygen
B. hydrogen
C. nitrogen
D. carbon dioxide
68. The main idea of this passage is that ______.
A. light causes sea color
B. sea coloration is varied because of a combination of length of light waves and micro- scopic plant life and silt
C. microscopic plant life causes sea color
D. water composition causes sea color
The United States government publishes guidelines for appropriate nutrient intakes. These are known as the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) and are updated regularly based on new research in nutrition. RDAs are suggested amounts of calories, protein, and some minerals and vitamins for an adequate diet. For other dietary substances, specific goals must await further research. However, for the U.S. population as a whole, increasing starch and fiber in one's diet and reducing calories (primarily from fats, sugar, and alcohol) is sensible. These suggestions are especially appropriate for people who have other factors-for chronic diseases due to family history of obesity, premature heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol, or for those who use tobacco.
Snacks can furnish about one-fourth of the calorie requirements among teenagers. Those snacks should also provide much of the day's allowances for protein, minerals, and vitamins. Sandwiches, fruit, and milk make good snacks for active teenagers. Food from the food pyramid may be part of any meal. A grilled cheese sandwich or a bowl of whole-grain cereal is just as nutritious in the morning as it is at noon. In addition, a good breakfast consists of any foods that supply about one-fourth of the necessary nutrients for the day.
69. The passage directly states that most of the U.S. population should increase their intake of ______.
A. protein
B. fats
C. starch and fiber
D. sandwiches
70. A good breakfast should supply about what percentage of the necessary nutrients for the day?
A. One-half.
B. One-third.
C. One-fourth.
D. Less than one-fourth.
71. The passage implies which of the following?
A. The time of day when food is consumed affects its nutritive value.
B. Different foods can be combined to increase total nutrition value.
C. It can be detrimental to your health to eat breakfast foods later in the day.
D. When food is eaten has no bearing on its nutritive effects.
72. Why are RDAs regularly updated?
A. New discoveries in the science of nutrition are constantly being made.
B. Americans' diets are constantly changing.
C. As people age, their nutritional needs change.
D. Very little is currently known about nutrition.
73. In this passage RDAs refers to ______.
A. types of vitamins
B. types of protein
C. types of minerals
D. amounts of energy, protein, vitamins, and minerals
74. One implication in this passage is that ______.
A. all RDAs have been established
B. not all RDAs have been established yet
C. it's not important to know RDAs
D. RDAs are necessary only for sick people
75. The reduction of calories in the diet is particularly good for people who suffer from
A. obesity
B. premature heart disease and diabetes
C. high blood pressure and cholesterol levels
D. all of the above
The most popular organic gem is the pearl. A pearl is the response of a marine mollusk to the presence of an irritating impurity accidentally introduced into its body; a cultured pearl is the result of the intentional insertion of a mother-of-pearl bead into a live mollusk. Whether introduced accidentally or intentionally, the pearl-making process is the same: the mollusk coats the irritant with a substance called nacre. Nacre is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate. Because very few natural pearls are now on the market, most pearls used in fine jewelry are cultured. These include "Biwa" pearls and most other freshwater pearls. Cultured pearls are not easily distinguished from natural pearls except by an expert.
76. Which of the following people could tell the difference between a cultured pearl and an organic pearl?
A. Scuba diver.
B. Fisherman.
C. Jeweler.
D. Clerk.
77. What is the chief component of nacre?
A. Sand.
B. Bead.
C. Calcium carbonate.
D. Biwa.
78. The difference between a pearl and a cultured pearl is the nature of the ______.
A. color
B. introduction of the irritating impurity
C. coating material
D. irritating impurity
79. Nacre is a substance that is ______
A. mechanically manufactured
B. the result of laboratory testing
C. organically secreted by the mollusk
D. present in the chemical composition of freshwater pounds
80. The main idea in this passage is that ______
A. most marketable pearls are cultured because nature does not produce enough of its own to satisfy the market
B. cultured pearls are of a higher quality than natural pearls
C. there are two major methods of pearl-making
D. a natural "drought" of pearl production is taking place
81. Cultured pearl is formed by ______.
A. insertion of a pearl into a live mollusk
B. an oyster into which a piece of grit has been placed
C. putting in a live mollusk
D. placing a bead into culture
Stress is with us all the time. It comes from mental or emotional activity as well as physical activity. It is unique and personal to each of us. So personal, in fact, that what may be relaxing to one person may be stressful to another. For example, if you're a busy executive who likes to keep occupied all of the time, "taking it easy" at the beach on a beautiful day may be extremely frustrating, nonproductive, and upsetting. You may be emotionally distressed from "doing nothing." Too much emotional stress can cause physical illnesses such as high blood pressure, ulcers, or even heart disease. Physical stress from work or exercise is not likely to cause such ailments. The truth is that physical exercise can help you to relax and to better handle your mental or emotional stress.
82. Which of the following people would find "taking it easy" stressful?
A. Construction workers.
B. Business executives.
C. Farm workers.
D. Truck drivers.
83. Which of the following would be a determinant as to what people find stressful?
A. Personality.
B. Education.
C. Marital status.
D. Shoe size.
84. This article, published by the Department of Health and Human Services, probably came from the ______
A. Federal Bureau of Investigation
B. Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration
C. Education Administration
D. Communicable Diseases Administration
85. A source of stress NOT specifically mentioned in this passage is ______
A. educational activity
B. physical activity
C. mental activity
D. emotional activity
86. Physical problems caused by emotional stress can appear as all of the following EXCEPT ______
A. ulcers
B. pregnancy
C. heart disease
D. high blood pressure
87. One method mentioned to help handle stress is ______
A. physical exercise
B. tranquilizers
C. drugs
D. taking it easy
With the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms, the individual is said to be experiencing acute schizophrenia (精神分裂症). "Psychotic" means out of touch with reality, or unable to separate real from unreal experiences. Some people have only one such psychotic episode. Others have many episodes during a lifetime but
lead relatively normal lives during interim periods. The individual with chronic (continuous or recurring) schizophrenia often does not fully recover normal functioning and typically requires long-term treatment, generally including medication, to control the symptoms. These symptoms may include hallucinations (幻觉), incoherence, delusions, lack of judgment, deterioration of the abilities to reason and feel emotion, and a lack of interaction between the patient and his environment. The hallucinations may be a visual, auditory, or tactile. Some chronic schizophrenic patients may never be able to function without assistance of one sort or another.
88. Which of the following is NOT a symptom of schizophrenia'?
A. Hallucinations.
B. Delusions.
C. Incoherence.
D. Vertigo.
89. It can be inferred from the passage that a person experiencing acute schizophrenia most likely ______
A. cannot live without medication
B. cannot go on living
C. can hold a full-time job
D. cannot distinguish real from unreal
90. According to this passage, thinking that one can fly might be an example of ______
A. medicine overdose
B. being out of touch with reality
C. recovering normal functioning
D. symptom control
91. The passage suggests that the beginning of severe psychotic symptoms of acute schizophrenia may be any of the following EXCEPT ______
A. debilitating
B. sudden occurrence
C. occurring after a long period of normalcy
D. drug-induced
92. The passage implies that normal life may be possible for the chronic schizophrenic with the help of ______
A. medicines
B. neurotic episodes
C. psychotic episodes
D. time
Aspirin is one of the safest and most effective drags invented by man. The most popular medicine in the world today, it is an effective pain reliever. Its bad effects are relatively mild. It is also cheap.
For millions of people suffering from arthritis, it is the only thing that works. Aspirin, in short, is truly the 20th-century wonder drug. It is also the second largest suicide drug and is the leading cause of poisoning among children. It has side effects that, although relatively mild, are largely unrecognized among users.
Although aspirin was first sold by a German company in 1899, it has been around much longer than that. Hippocrates, in ancient Greece, understood the medical value of tree barks and leaves which today are known to contain a chemical found in aspirin. During the-19th century, there was a great deal of experimentation in Europe with this chemical, and it led to the introduction of aspirin. By 1915, aspirin tablets were available in the United States.
A small quantity of aspirin relieves pain and inflammation. It also reduces fever by affecting some of the body's reactions. Aspirin is very irritating to the stomach lining. The best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water, but few people can stand the bitter taste. Some people suggest crushing the tablets in milk or orange juice.
93. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Aspirin is good to arthritis sufferers.
B. Aspirin may be used as suicide drug.
C. Aspirin is dangerous to small children.
D. Aspirin has unrecognizable side effects.
94. The second paragraph points out that ______
A. aspirin is always safe
B. aspirin can be dangerous
C. aspirin has been long used
D. aspirin is not truly effective
95. Aspirin was invented in ______
A. the 20th century
B. the 19th century
C. ancient Greece
D. ancient Germany
96. The third paragraph describes the ______ of aspirin.
A. uses
B. value
C. effects
D. history
97. Which of the following statements is NOT true?
A. Aspirin can relieve pain.
B. Aspirin can reduce fever.
C. Aspirin can relieve inflammation.
D. Aspirin can reduce stomach lining.
98. According to this passage, ______ may NOT be the right way to take aspirin.
A. chewing the tablets
B. swallowing the tablets
C. crushing them in milk
D. putting them in dishes
99. The author of this passage seems to be ______.
A. against aspirin
B. in favor of aspirin
C. ignorant of aspirin
D. disinterested in aspirin
100. A good title for this passage would be:
A. Why Do We Take Aspirin?
B. How Do We Take Aspirin?
C. Aspirin: The Unknown Side Effects.
D. Aspirin: The Most Popular Medicine.
Section 3: Cloze Test (20 points)
In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers' on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes.
A good translator is by definition bilingual. The opposite is not (1) tree, however. A born and bred bilingual will still need two (2) to become a translator: first, the skills and experience necessary for (3) ; second, knowledge of the field in which he or she will (4) . The skills and experience for translation include the ability to write (5) in the target language, the ability to read and understand the (6) language material thoroughly, and the ability to work with the latest (7) and communication hardware and software.
Does a born and bred bilingual (8) a better translator than someone who learned language B later in (9) ? There is no definite answer, but the following issues are important. (10) , a born and bred bilingual often suffers from not truly knowing (11) language well enough to translate, with some even suffering from what (12) known as a lingualism, a state in which a person lacks (13) full, fluent command of any language. Second, born and bred bilinguals (14) don't know the culture of the target language well enough to (15) top-quality translations, or cannot recognize what aspects of the source language (16) its culture need to be treated with particular care, as they (17) in a sense too close to the language. And last, they often (18) the analytical linguistic skills to work through a sticky text.
On (19) other hand, the acquired bilingual may not have the same in-depth (20) of colloquialisms,
slang, and dialect that the born bilingual has. Also, the acquired bilingual will not be able to translate as readily in both directions (from B to language A and A to language B). Finally, born bilinguals often have a greater appreciation of the subtleties and nuances of both their languages than someone who learns their B language later in life can ever hope to have.
参考答案
Section 1
Part 1
1. B
2. A
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. C
7. C
8. C
9. C 10. A
11.B 12. D 13. B 14. C 15. C 16. B 17. B 18. A 19. D 20. C
Part 2
21. C 22. B 23. B 24. A 25. C 26. D 27. A 28. A 29. A 30. A
31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. B
Part 3
36. A 37. A 38. D 39. A 40. B 41. B 42. C 43.A 44. D 45. C
46. D 47. A 48. B 49. C 50. D
Section 2
51. D 52. C 53. B 54. A 55. B 56. D 57. C 58. A 59. B 60. C
61. B 62. C 63. D 64. C 65. A 66. D 67. C 68. B 69. C 70. C
71. B 72. A 73. D 74. B 75. D 76. C 77. C 78. B 79. C 80. C
81. B 82. B 83. A 84. B 85. A 86. B 87. A 88. D 89. D 90. B
91.D 92. A 93. C 94. B 95. B 96. D 97. D 98. D 99. B 100. D
Section 3
1. necessarily
2. things
3. translation
4. translate
5. well
6. source
7. word-processing
8. make
9. life 10. First
11. any 12. is 13. a 14. often 15. provide 16. and 17. are 18. lack 19. the 20. knowledge
综合解析
Section 1
Part 1
1．B [分析] 非谓语动词用法。
此处所填内容应是修饰表语the first president的后置定语，且此句已有系动词was，而选项A、C、D 均为完整的谓语动词，所以为避免谓语动词罗列，只能选择选项B．to get married这一动词不定式(非谓语动词)来作定语。
2．A [分析] 固定搭配。
此处注意不同的动词词组含义不同：protect sb．/sth．保护，防卫，如：protect a person from harm保护某人免受伤害；shelter from躲避，避难，如：shelter from trouble避开麻烦；shade from为……遮光，遮蔽，如：She shaded her eyes from the sun with her hands．她用手遮在眼睛上方挡住阳光。save from救助，拯救，保全(以免损失、伤害)，如：save sb．from drowning拯救某人免于溺毙，其中protect既指防御现实的危险、危害，又指防御将来的或可能的危险、危害；既可用于自然现象，又可用于社会现象。此处用来表示保护花椰菜免受极端气温的侵害，防止菜花脱色。
3．A [分析] 习语辨析；
Ａ．given off发出(蒸汽、光等)，长出(枝、杈等)，B．giving out分发，发出(气味、热等)，精疲力竭；C．giving away赠送，泄漏，告发；D．given up停止，放弃。此处应填过去分词短语(因表被动)，所以选项B、C不对：而选项A、D中只有A符合题意。
4．C [分析] 习语辨析。
此句意为“天开始下雪，我们转身……旅馆”；get by通过，过得去，(勉强)过活，search for搜寻，探
求：make for(匆匆)走向，有助于，clear up清理，收拾，消除，(天气)放晴，因此应选C．转身向旅馆走去。
5. A [分析] 固定搭配。
live in hope生活在希望中：live for为……而生活，盼望；live on继续生活，以……为主食，靠……生活：live through度过，经受过，根据句意应填A。
6．C [分析] 近义辨析。
A．common共同的，共有的：普通的，常见的；主要指共有的或共同享受的，B．general一般的，普通的，全面的，主要指普遍性，C．staple主要的，常用的：staple food指主食；D．popular通俗的，流行的；因此答案为C。
7．C [分析] 近义辨析。
A．period时代(可指历史上任何一段时间，这段时间可长可短)，期间(适用于任何目的或任何长短的时间范围)；B．time时间，时机，时期，期限；C．times时期(历史上的时代或时期)；D．period周期；因此C是答案。
8．C [分析] 介词辨析。
介词at，in，on都可以表示地点，但用法有区别：at通常指小地方；in通常指大地方；on通常指一个物体在另一物体的表面上，意指两物体相互接触，如：on earth(1and，sea)在地(陆、海)上，因此应填C。9．C [分析] 结构辨析。
此句意为：《独立宣言》和美国宪法都是在本杰明·富兰克林的协助下起草的。A. and，(连接并列的名词、代词或数词)同，和，与；B．also也(在句中作状语，只能用于肯定句中，通常放在主要动词之前，助动词之后)；C．as well as除……之外，和(强调的重点在前面)，不但……而且；注意：用and连接一般不需要逗号隔开，且此处后面的系动词是was，不是were；因此答案只能是C。
10．A [分析] 近义辨析。
A．planet行星(尤指太阳系)；B．constellation恒星群，星座；C．stardom明星的身份，演员们；D．satellite 人造卫星，又知Pluto是冥王星；答案应为A。
11．B [分析] 近义辨析。
made up of由……组成，构成(着重指有许多构成成分及组件等，常用被动语态)，如：Life is made up of bobs，sniffles and smiles．生活是由啜泣，抽噎和微笑组成的。include包含，包括(侧重包含的只是整体的一部分；用分词时，常引入一个解释性短语)，如：The tour included a visit to the Science Museum．旅游项目中包括参观科学博物馆。consist of由……组成，如：Our school consists of 20 classes．我们学校是由20个班级组成的。Constitute组成，构成，如：Seven days constitute a week．七天为一星期。因此答案应为B。句意为：包括耗子、老鼠、天竺鼠和豪猪在内的啮齿类动物是哺乳动物，它们的上下颚都长有切牙。12．D [分析] 近义辨析。
用pour表“倒掉”之意时，应用pour away；empty litter倒空垃圾；throw garbage扔垃圾；dump sewage 倾倒污水，排污；这里指“排污到江河海洋中”，因此D为答案。
13．B [分析] 近义辨析。
temper使金属回火后有适当韧度；be subjected to易遭受，使经历：expose to使暴露在……下；bake 烘焙，烤；在此意为：由泥土制成并经受高温后形成的产品被称为陶器。
14．C [分析] 近义辨析。
此题需辨清词性，本题空白处应填形容词，而选项，A．under作介词或副词；B．below作介词或副词，C. underlying在下面的，下层的，为形容词；D．underneath作介词或副词；因此只有C正确。15．C [分析] 近义辨析。
此题需辨清词性，本题空白处应填形容词。A．well好，有利地(adv．)，健康的，可取的，令人满意的(adj．)，B．better较好的(adj．)，但应用在上下文有比较之时，C．good优良的，好的(adj．)；D．very 很，非常(adv．)，因此C为答案。
16．B [分析] 近义辨析。
A. rising是不及物动词，不能带宾语；B．raising抚养，饲养：C. caring关心；D．taking care照料，照顾，但后面要用of，因此B为答案。
A. economic crop不这样用，“经济作物”应为cash crop；C．money crop不符合英语习惯，D．staple 主要产品(或商品)，原材料。另：a food crop粮食作物，an oil-bearing crop油料作物。
18．A [分析] 近义辨析。
stone是最常用词，可指任何石头，rock指岩石，具有可研究价值，可作可数名词，也可作不可数名词，在此应用可数名词的复数。
19．D [分析] 习语辨析。
despite(后面不加of)与in spite of (后面不能省of)同义，常可换用。在此只有选项D正确。
20．C [分析] 近义辨析。
此处需注意情态动词的用法；ought(not)/to与should(not)后接完成时态意思相同，表示为本应做某事儿而未做(或本不应做而做了)感到遗憾，因此应选C。
Part 2
21．C [分析] 名词辨析。
A. office办公室：(英)政府机关，部；B．adobe指砖坯砌成的房子，C．assembly集合，集会；a legislative assembly指立法机关：D．building建筑物；因此C为答案。
22．B [分析] 名词辨析。
arguing 是argue的动名词，表辩论，争论(强调提出事实、理由、证据来支持或驳斥某一观点)；discussion 讨论(主要表慎重地谈论，融洽地交流)，argument争论，辩论，论点；talk讲话，会谈，speech演说，讲话，这里用名词替换动名词，所以答案是B。
23．B [分析] 动词辨析。
A. catch up with赶上(尤指原本落后，努力追上)；B．catch捕获，赶上(车船等)，感染(疾病)；C. run up to跑到，达到，积累到；因此答案为B。
24．A [分析] 动词辨析。
A. take表示将人或物从说话人所在的位置“拿开，带离”；强调由近而远；B．bring表示将人或物从别处“带到”说话人所在的或将在的位置，强调由远而近，与take相反；C．dispatch分派，派遣：D．deliver 递送，交付，所以答案为A。
25．C [分析] 形容词辨析。
legendary传说中的，而A. imaginary假想的，想象的，虚构的，B．imagery肖像，比喻，C．fabled 寓言中的，虚构的(指有寓意的故事，在一个寓言里，动物能像人一样说话和行动)；D．legend传说(是名词，一般指基于真实事情的故事，但是夸张且不可能得到证实的)，因此答案为C。
26．D [分析] 形容词辨析。
A．apart-time部分时间的，非全日的，兼职、兼任的；B．a spare-time；C．an untrained未经训练的；D．an amateur业余爱好者；而non-professional非专业的，非职业的，因此D是答案。
27．A [分析] 近义词辨析。
这几个词均有“因为”之意，但短语owing to和due to，because of常用来引出简短的原因：而because 常用来引导原因状语从句：as和for做连词时，常用作书面语，起解释主句的作用，如：As this problem is of great interest，we will discuss it once again．因为这个问题很有意义，所以我们决定再讨论一次。He was rewarded for his bravery．他由于勇敢而受到嘉奖。所以答案为A。
28．A [分析] 形容词辨析。
A．eager热心于，渴望着；B．surging急剧上升，冲击，波动；C．appreciative欣赏的，有欣赏力的，表示感激的：D．vigorous精力旺盛的，健壮的；而avid表示“渴望的”，因此A是答案。
29．A [分析] 名词辨析。
ailment疾病(尤指微恙)，不宁，不安(常指慢性的恼人病痛)；A. disease疾病，弊病(指各种具体的疾病；也指严重的、病期较长的、足能使人体发生变化的疾病)；B．sick有病的，恶心的，C．ill有病的，生病D．ill- ness疾病，生病(表抽象的疾病或生病状态，主要强调身体或精神上不健康的状态和时期)，因此A为答案。
此句中的year意为“年”，而久anniversary周年纪念(前面需用序数词)；B．years old岁(指年龄)；C．age 年龄，使用年限，时代；D．wedding婚礼，婚宴；因此A为答案。
31．C [分析] 名词辨析。
customer，patron，client均指客户，顾客，但customer常指购买有形的商品，即指付钱后得到货物的顾客；client指长期客户，购买的是无形的服务(如付钱后让人为自己服务的客户)，patron指老顾客，老主顾；如：a special offer for our regular patrons为老主顾而定的特别价；所以答案为C。而borrower借用人，剽窃者；lender出借人，贷方。
32．A [分析] 近义词辨析。
story故事，小说，传说：fiction小说(更指文学性小说)，虚构；science科学，自然科学，imaginary 假想的，虚构的，literary文学的，因而A是答案。
33．B [分析] 近义词辨析。
help和assist都有“帮助”之义，但assist强调起协助、辅助性的作用；而本句话中的helper并不仅仅指普通的帮手，而是帮助人们掌握阅读能力的志愿者，因此选项B．volunteers志愿者更符合题意。注意此类题型不要只看表面意思，要理解其语篇含义。
34．D [分析] 近义词辨析。
because因为(引导原因状语从句)；for reason应为for the reason that；be- cause of和due to后应接名词性短语：on the grounds根据，以……为理由；(如后跟短语，用on the grounds of；如跟从句，用on the grounds that)：因此D为答案。
35．B [分析] 动词辨析。
face面对，面向(涵盖面广)；confront使面临(特指面对或正视令人不快或头痛之人或事)，in opposition 相对；meet遇见，和……会面，因此B为答案。
Part 3
36．A [分析] 代词应用。
此句考查的是带有定语从句的代词作主语，要表达的是：所有没有免票的人都要付入会费。选项B是双重否定，与要表达的意思相反；选项C的定语从句中的ticket不应用复数；选项D也与要表达的意思相反，而选项A意为“任何一个没有免票的人都要付入会费”。因此A为答案。
37．A [分析] 时态应用。
在由when引导的时间状语从句的句子中，主句和从句的谓语动词的动作是有先后次序的：如状语从句的时态是一般过去时，主句应用过去时，本句表示过去正在做的动作所以应用过去进行时，又因主语the police即状语中的them，所以谓语为复数，答案应为A。
38．D [分析] 结构应用。
本句是由but连接的并列结构，前后均应有完整的主谓结构，划线部分中的that使前句成为一个从句，去掉它则句子成立，因此D为答案。
39．A [分析] 副词应用。
Therefore和thereby均为副词，表“因此”，但therefore后通常跟一个句子：而thereby后常接现在分词作状语。as a result of由于(as a result才表“因此”)，因此A为答案。
40．B [分析] 副词应用。
Suppose和presume均表“假定，认为”，但presume更侧重“猜想”；presuming作形容词时，与presumptuous 是同义词，表“专横的”，但在本句中presuming不是形容词，而是分词，修饰形容词extinct，表“假定的”，故选项B．presumably“大概”是答案。
41．B [分析] 结构应用。
英语的定语从句(不论是限定性或非限定性)中，当关系代词作介词宾语时，介词前置，其中whom指人，which指物；而介词of表示整体中的一部分，比用in准确，所以B为答案。
42．C [分析] 习惯搭配。
I think so．是固定搭配。Think后面可以用so来避免重复已经表达过的想法。所以答案是C。与此用
法相同的动词还有：hope，believe，suppose，imagine。
43．A [分析] 结构应用。
此句是用动词不定式作主语：To please the professor is difficult．此句常写作：It is difficult to please the professor．因此答案为A。
44．D [分析] 连词应用。
根据句意，从句不应是原因状语从句，而是方式状语从句；而as在此作连词，引出方式状语从句，表示“正如，按照……方式”，所以D是答案。
45．C [分析] 动词搭配。
break up打碎，终止，驱散；break away突然离开，放弃(习惯等)；break down毁掉，制服，中止：而本句要表达的意思是：……令训狮员非常伤心；所以应用break one's heart，选项C正确。
46．D [分析] 结构应用。
本句考查的是平行结构的用法。(并列连词and，but，as well as，or等连接的应是两个或几个同类的结构，语法上称为平行结构)本句中and连接的是两个动名词，所以选项D是答案。
47．A [分析] 结构应用。
本句是个复合句：Depression是主语，后面是that引导的定语从句that inflicts people who believe their lives lack content when the rush of the busy week stops，而其中斜体部分又是一个修饰people的定语从句，之后还有一个由when引导的时间状语从句；因此划线部分应是谓语动词，因此选项A正确。
48．B [分析] 习惯搭配。
此句意为：正如有些职业需要大学学历一样，有些职业也需要专门的技术训练。just as…，so表示“正像……一样，也”，so在此作also解，应放在句首，后面的句子不倒装，too在此表强调。所以B是答案。49．C [分析] 结构应用。
本句是个复合句：Most of the older civilizations是主语，后面是which引导的定语从句which flourished during the fifth century B．C．因此划线部分应是谓语动词；根据主语，谓语应用复数形式；因此选项C正确。
50．D [分析] 虚拟语气。
本句是对过去事实的假设，条件从句的谓语应用过去完成时(had known)，而if条件句中如有were，should，had，可将if省去，而把were，should，had放在句首。因此选项D是答案。
Section 2
51．D [分析] 是非题型。
文中最后一句(Throughout his life，Planck made significant contributions to optics，thermodynamics and statistical mechanics，physical chemistry, among other fields．)提到马克斯·普朗克在光学、热力学、统计力学、物理化学等领域作出了巨大贡献。其中提到A、B、C三个选项，只有D没有提及，故选项D正确。52．C [分析] 词义题型。
Planck announced his findings in 1900，but is was years before the full consequences of his revolutionary quantum theory were recognized，此句意为：普朗克在1900年公布了量子理论，但直到多年后他的划时代(革命性)的量子理论才整体得到承认。A．radical根本的，激进的；B．extremist极端主义(者)；C．momentous重大的，重要的；D．militaristic军国主义的，尚武的，因此C为正确选项。
53．B [分析] 推断题型。
见第一段：His work helped usher in a new era in theoretical physics and revolutionized the scientific community's understanding of atomic and subatomic processes．他的工作引导理论物理进入了一个新的时代并使科学界对原子、亚原子的理解有了彻底改变。由此可推断他的工作推动了B．The atomic bomb原子弹的发展。
54．A [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第二段第四、五句：The model required the emission of electromagnetic radiation in small chunks or particles．These particles were later called quantums．由此可看出发出电磁辐射的微粒应为quantums(量子)，选项A正确。
55．B [分析] 推断题型。
见文章第二段的第一和第二句：Planck introduced an idea that led to the quantum theory，which became the foundation of twentieth century physics，In December 1900，Planck worked out an equation that described the distribution of radiation accurately over the range of low to high frequencies．可推出：导致20世纪物理学发展的量子论基本上是一个数学公式，所以选项B正确。
56．D [分析] 细节题型。
从文章第二段的第一和第二句(见上题)中可看出an idea指的即是“描述辐射从低频到高频精确分布的一个方程式”，所以选项D正确。
57．C [分析] 是非题型。
见文章第一段：尽管在1907年，一个特别委员会认定棒球是Abner Doubleday在1839年发明的，但历史学家们却对此持有不同看法。有案可查的是在17世纪英国孩子打一种他们称之为“棒球”的游戏。美国人从大约1800年起玩一种棒球，而这种棒球有着不同的规则和名字，文章第二段第一句指出棒球第一套规则的出台是在1845年；因此选项A、B、D均不对，选项C正确。
58．A [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第二段：Alexander Cartwright在1845年成立了纽约市Knickerbocker棒球俱乐部，出台了标准的比赛规则，所以选项A正确。
59．B [分析] 细节题型。
见上题解释，正确选项为B。
60．C [分析] 是非题型。
见文章第一段倒数第二句At first the American game had different rules and different names in various parts of the country—“town ball”，“rounders”，or“one old cat”．
61．B [分析] 态度题型。
阅读全文发现，本文既没有就某一观点展开劝说或论证，也没有发表带有个人偏见的主观看法；只是客观地讲述了棒球运动的起源及发展。因此选项A、C、D均不对，选项B正确。
62．C [分析] 推断题型。
见文章最后一句The Cincinnati Red Stockings在1869年开始付球员工资，因此棒球运动自此除了能起到锻炼、休闲和社交作用外还有收益。所以在1869年前棒球运动只起到锻炼、休闲和社交作用，选项C 正确。
63．D [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第一句：The blue of the sea is caused by the scattering of sunlight by tiny particles suspended in the water．蓝色的海水是由于阳光对悬浮于水中的微粒造成散射形成的。第四、五句：This is caused by yellow pigments being mixed with blue water．Phytoplankton are one source of the yellow pigment．海水呈绿色是由于蓝色的海水和呈现黄色的浮游生物混合形成的。所以选项D正确。
64．C [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第一段第五句，选项C正确。
65．A [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第一段倒数第二句：Near the shore，silt or sediment in suspension can give water a brownish hue．靠近岸边的地方，水中悬浮的淤泥和沉淀物使得海水呈褐色。选项A正确。
66．D [分析] 是非题型。
见文章第二段第一句：Marine phytoplankton(Greek for“plant wanderers”)are microscopic single-celled plants that include diatoms, dinoflagellates，coccolithophorids，green algae，and blue-green algae，among others．说明海洋浮游生物包括：A. Green algae绿藻：B．Diatoms硅藻属；C．Blue-green algae蓝绿藻；等等。选项D．“Amoeba阿米巴虫”不包括在内，所以是答案。
67．C [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第二段第二句：The growth of these organisms，which photosynthesize light，depends on a delicate balance of nutrient enrichment via vertical mixing，which is often limited by the availability of nitrogen and
light．所以选项C正确。
68．B [分析] 主旨题型。
阅读全文得知，海水颜色的变化是由许多因素决定的；包括选项A、C、D，而选项B是它们的综合，所以是答案。
69．C [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第一段倒数第二句：However，for the U．S．population as a whole，increasing starch and fiber in one's diet and reducing calories(primarily from fats，sugar and alcohol)is sensible．选项C正确。
70．C [分析] 细节题型。
见文章最后一句：…good breakfast consists of any foods that supply about one- fourth of the necessary nutrients for the day．选项C正确。
71．B [分析] 推断题型。
本文第一段第一和第三句介绍：美国政府公布了饮食中合理摄入营养的指导，且建议要有合理的热量、蛋白质、矿物质和维生素的摄入量；文章第二段第四句Food from the food pyramid may be part of any meal．说明每顿饭都是由食物金字塔里的食物构成的。由此推出摄取不同的食物可增加营养价值，选项B 正确。
72．A [分析] 细节题型。
从文章第二句(These are known as the Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDAs) and are updated regularly based on new research in nutrition．)得知RDAs会根据营养学上的新发现经常更新推荐的日摄食量。所以“推荐的日摄食量经常更新的原因是营养学上经常有新的发现”，选项A正确。
73．D [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第三句：RDAs are suggested amounts of calories，protein，and some minerals and vitamins for an adequate diet．选项D正确，选项A、B、C都不全面。
74．B [分析] 推断题型。
见文章第二句：These are known as the Recommended Dietary Allowances(RDAs) and are updated regularly based on new research in nutrition．可知RDAs要经常更新，所以选项A不对；选项C、D也被排除；只有选项B正确。
75．D [分析] 细节题型。
见第一段最后一句：These suggestions are especially appropriate for people who have other factors for chronic diseases due to family history of obesity, premature heart disease, diabetes, high blood pressure, and high blood cholesterol, or for those who use tobacco．选项A、B、C三个选项都提及到，但只有选项D最全面，所以D正确。
76．C [分析] 细节题型。
见文章最后一句：Cultured pearls are not easily distinguished from natural pearls except by an expert．只有专家才能区分出天然珍珠和人工培育的珍珠。珠宝商当然应是这类专家，所以选项C正确。A．Scuba diver 戴水肺的潜水员B．Fisherman 渔民和D．Clerk职员当然不是鉴别珠宝的行家了。
77．C [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第四句：Nacre is composed chiefly of calcium carbonate．选项C．Calcium carbonate(碳酸钙)正确。78．B [分析] 细节题型。
文章第二句(A pearl is the response of a marine…a live mollusk．)指出：天然珍珠中的刺激性的杂物是偶然进入体内的(accidentally introduced into its body)；而人工培育的珍珠中的杂物是人为加入的(the intentional insertion)；所以选项B正确。
79．C [分析] 推断题型。
文中第三句(Whether introduced accidentally or intentionally，the pearl-making process is the same：the mollusk coats the irritant with a substance called nacre．)说明无论是天然珍珠还是人工养殖的珍珠，它们的形成过程是一样的：贝类用一种被称之为珍珠质的物质将刺激性的杂物包裹住。由此推断出珍珠质nacre是贝类the mollusk滋生分泌出的，所以选项C正确。
80．C [分析] 主旨题型。
阅读全文可知本文介绍了珍珠有天然和人工养殖两种形成方式；所以选项C正确。
81．B [分析] 细节题型。
文章第二句(…a cultured pearl is the result of the intentional insertion of a mother- of-pearl bead into a live mollusk．)指出：人工培育的珍珠是在活的贝类中人为加入珍珠母珠(the intentional insertion of a mother-of-pearl bead)：所以选项B．an oyster into which a piece of grit(粗沙)has been placed正确。
82．B [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第五句：For example，if you're a busy executive who likes to keep occupied all of the time，“taking it easy”at the beach on a beautiful day may be extremely frustrating，nonproductive，and upsetting．选项B．Business executives是答案。
83．A [分析] 推断题型。
由文章第三句(It is unique and personal to each of us．压力是独特且因人而异的。)和第五句的举例来看，因人而异不是指B．Education所受教育；C．Marital status婚姻状况；D．Shoe size鞋的尺寸，由此可推论出“因人而异”指的是个性不同对压力的感受有所不同，所以选项A．Personality正确。
84．B [分析] 推断题型。
由于本文是由the Department of Health and Human Services(人类健康和公共事业部)发表的谈论压力问题的文章，应当不属于A．Federal Bureau of
Investigation(联邦调查局)；C．Education Administration(教育部)；D．Communicable Diseases Administration(传染病管理部门)负责的范围，而是B．Alcohol，Drug Abuse，and Mental Health Administration(酗酒、滥用毒品和精神健康管理部门)负责的范围。所以选项B正确。
85．A [分析] 是非题型。
由文章第二句(It comes from mental or emotional activity as well as physical activity．)可知没有明确提及的压力来源只有选项A．educational activity。
86．B [分析] 细节题型。
从文章倒数第三句(TOO much emotional stress can cause physical illnesses such as high blood pressure，ulcers，or even heart disease．)看出太大的情感压力可能导致身体疾病，包括A．ulcers溃疡：C．heart disease 心脏病；D．high blood pressure高血压；选项B．pregnancy没在其中，所以是答案。
87．A [分析] 细节题型。
文章最后一句(The truth is that physical exercise can help you to relax and to better handle your mental or emotional stress．)强调：体育锻炼能有助于人们放松且更好地应对精神或情感压力。
88．D [分析] 细节题型。
见文章倒数第三句：These symptoms may include hallucinations．(幻觉)，incoherence(语无伦次)，delusions(错觉)，lack of judgment，deterioration of the abilities to reason and feel emotion，and a lack of interaction between the patient and his environment．其中提到精神分裂症的症状，选项D．Vertigo(眩晕)不是，所以是答案。
89．D [分析] 推断题型。
见文章前两句：With the sudden onset of severe psychotic symptoms，the individual is said to be experiencing acute schizophrenia(精神分裂症)．“Psychotic”means out of touch with reality，or unable to separate real from unreal experiences．一个人如突发严重的精神病则患有急性精神分裂症，而患有精神病则意味着与现实脱节或无法区分真实和虚幻的体验。由此可推论出选项D．cannot distinguish real from unreal正确。90．B [分析] 推断题型。
因为人不会飞，由此可推论出：“thinking that one can fly”的人一定是与现实脱节的，所以选项B正确。
91．D [分析] 推断题型。
见文章第四句：Others have many episodes during a lifetime but lead relatively normal lives during interim periods.……但在发作间歇过着相对正常的生活。由此可推论：发病时人体的机能不能正常发挥，处于虚弱
状态即选项A。明显的症状是与C相符，间歇发作。文章第一句With the sudden onset of暗示疾病是突发的，即选项B。关于药物是否会引发疾病发作没有任何信息提示，故选项D应为答案。
92．A [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第五句：The individual with chronic(continuous or recurring)schizophrenia often does not fully recover normal functioning and typically requires long-term treatment，…。慢性精神分裂症患者常无法完全恢复正常的机能且需要长期的治疗，……。四个选项中A．medicines药物：B．neurotic episodes神经病的发作；C．psychotic episodes精神病的发作；D．time。只有A符合题意：慢性精神分裂症患者常要借助于药物(治疗)。
93．C [分析] 是非题型。
见文章第二段：For millions of people suffering from arthritis，it is the only thing that works．Aspirin，in short，is truly．．．It is also the second largest suicide drug．．．are largely unrecognized among users．对于数百万关节炎患者来说，阿司匹林是唯一有效的药，简言之，它是20世纪真正的灵丹妙药。它还是第二大的自杀用药和儿童中毒的主要原因。尽管它的副作用很小，用药者却对之不甚了解。由此可知：选项A、B 均有提及，虽然文章提及阿司匹林是儿童中毒的主要原因，却没谈及中毒原因，所以不能简单认定它对小儿危险，则选项C未被捉及应是答案。而选项D的内容本段最后一句有所提及。
94．B [分析] 推断题型。
第二段谈到：阿司匹林是第二大自杀性药物，会引发儿童中毒，还有一些未被确认的副作用，所以可推论出选项B。
95．B [分析] 细节题型。
见文章第三段首句：Although aspirin was first sold by a German company in 1899，it has been around much longer than that．和同段倒数第三句：During the 19th century，there was a great deal of experimentation in Europe with this chemical，and it led to the introduction of aspirin．选项B正确。
96．D [分析] 主旨题型。
第三段的主旨是叙述阿司匹林的历史：追溯到古希腊的医药之父希波克拉底的发现，19世纪面世，1899年首次出售，1915年片剂在美国诞生。选项D正确。
97．D [分析] 是非题型。
见最后一段的第一、二两句：A small quantity of aspirin relieves pain and inflammation．It also reduces fever by affecting some of the body's reactions．Aspirin is very irritating to the stomach lining．少量的阿司匹林可消炎止痛，还可通过刺激人的机体反应来退烧；但它对胃粘膜有刺激。所以选项D是答案。
98．D [分析] 细节题型。
文章最后两句(The best way is to chew the tablets before swallowing them with water，but few people can stand the bitter taste．Some people suggest crushing the tablets in milk or orange juice．)说明正确的服药方法中只有选项D未被提及，是答案。
99．B [分析] 态度题型。
从作者在文中所用的词(safest，most effective，most popular，effective，cheap，the only thing that works)可看出作者对阿司匹林是持肯定态度的，所以选项B正确。
100．D[分析] 主旨题型。
文章开篇就强调了本文的主旨：阿司匹林是现今世界上人类发明的最安全、有效，最受欢迎的药物之一；它还是有效的去痛剂。它的副作用相对较小而且价格便宜。因此选项D是正确答案。
Section 3
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