高中英语人教版必修二Unit-3知识点汇总及强化练习

Unit 3 Computers 单元要点预览

Ⅰ词语辨析

Ⅱ词性变化

Ⅲ重点词汇

1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和

[典例]

1). He was fined the sum of 200. 他被处以200英镑罚金。

2). The sum of 5 and 3 is 8. 5加3的和是8。

[重点用法]

in sum简言之; 总而言之

sum sb/sth up形成对某人[某事物]的看法

[练习] 中译英

1). 总之, 计划告吹了。

______________________________________________________________________ 2). 我认为她是个很能干的经理。

______________________________________________________________________

2. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件

[典例]

1). He has the advantage of a steady job. 他有工作稳定的有利条件。

2). They took full advantage of the hotel's facilities. 他们充分利用旅馆的设备。

[重点用法]

take advantage of 对……加以利用；欺骗

to sb.’s advantage 对某人有利

have /get/win an advantage over （of）胜过；优于

[练习] 中译英

1).协议对我们有利。

______________________________________________________________________ 2).她利用了我的慷慨。

______________________________________________________________________

3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标

[典例]

1). He headed the ball into an open goal. 他乘虚把球顶入球门

2). We won by three goals to one 以三比一获胜。

3). You’d better set a goal before you start. 开始前最好设定一个目标。

[重点用法]

score/kick a goal 得[踢进一球得]一分

keep goal守球门

life goal/ one’s goal in life生活目标

achieve / realize one’s goal实现目标

[练习] 中译英

1).他已经实现了他的目标。

______________________________________________________________________ 2).我的人生目标是帮助他人。

______________________________________________________________________

4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与……通讯[典例]

1). A red light is usually a signal for/of danger. 红灯通常是危险的信号。

2). He signaled (to) the waiter to bring the menu. 他示意要服务员把菜单拿来。[重点用法]

signal to sb/sth for sth 用信号传达（某信息）; 用信号与（某人）通讯

signal with…用……发信号

[练习] 中译英

1).铁路红灯亮了, 所以火车停下了。

______________________________________________________________________ 2).他用红旗发信号。

______________________________________________________________________

5. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现；发生

[典例]

1). A new difficulty has arisen.出现了新的困难。

2). Accidents arise from carelessness.疏忽大意往往会引起事故的发生。

[重点用法]

arise from /out of由……引起；由……产生

[练习] 中译英

1). 夜间起风暴了。

______________________________________________________________________ 2). 由于缺乏交流而产生了问题。

______________________________________________________________________ Ⅳ重点词组

1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的

[典例]

I have nothing in common with Jane. 我和简毫无共同之处。

[短语归纳]

have nothing in common 无共同之处have little in common 几乎无共同之处have something in common 有一些共同之处

have a lot in common 有许多共同之处

[练习] 中译英

1). 这个词常用吗?

______________________________________________________________________ 2). 她已和许多人一起申请参加训练。

______________________________________________________________________

2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说

[典例]

1). In a way, his English has improved. 从某种程度上来说, 他的英语有进步。

2). She's been through a bad patch recently. 她最近经历了一段困难时期。

[短语归纳]

in the way 造成阻碍on the/one’s way (to) 在(去…)的路上

by the way 顺便提一下in no way 决不

all the way 自始自终;完全地in this way 用这种方法

与in a way同义的词组有in one way 和in some ways。

[练习] 中译英

1). 从某种程度上说, 我很喜欢这本新教材。

______________________________________________________________________ 2). 看来你的自行车挡着道了。

______________________________________________________________________ 3.watch over 看守; 监视; 照看

[典例]

1). Could you watch (over) my clothes while I have a swim?

我游泳时你看着我的衣物行吗?

2). He felt that God was watching over him. 他感觉到上帝保佑着他.

[短语归纳]

watch out (for) 当心; 注意watch for sb./sth. 观察等待

keep a watch on 监视under the close watch 在严密的监视下

[练习] 中译英

1). 他们等待着进一步的发展。

______________________________________________________________________ 2). 小心! 汽车来了。

______________________________________________________________________ 4. make up 化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）

[典例]

1). She spent an hour making (herself) up before the party. 她在聚会前化妆用了一个小时。

2). Stop making things up! 不要胡编了!

[短语归纳]

make up for补偿be made up of = consist of由……组成

make for有利于……，有助于……；走向；冲向

make it及时赶到，办成功make it up和解；讲和

make known使知晓；传达make out理解；懂得；辨认出

[练习] 中译英

1).社会是由能力迥异的人组成的。

2).她总是浓妆艳抹的。

Ⅴ重点句子

1. By the1940s工had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any

larger!

到20世纪40年代，我已经长到一个大房间那么大，我不知道我会不会继续长大。[解释] 1). as large as．．．“有……大”，后面常加数词．例如：

This playground is as large as 500squaremeters．

这个操场有500平方米那么大。

2). I wondered if．．“我不知道(奇怪)是否……”，是一个常见句式，常用于口语，表示一种委婉或客气的语气。例如：

I wondered if you would mind giving me a hand.

[练习] 中译英

1). 我也不知道他们能不能准时到。

______________________________________________________________________

2). 那个男子的体重比他重一倍。

______________________________________________________________________

2. However，this reality also worried my designers．

可是这个现实也困扰着我的设计者们。

[解释] however adv．尽管；尽管如此，可是；仍然。表示转折；可放在句首、句中或句尾，但用逗号隔开。例如：

I meant to go abroad last year. However, I changed my mind later.

我本打算去年出国，但是后来改变了主意。

[练习] 中译英

1). 她仍然在等，尽管没有任何回音。

______________________________________________________________________ 2). 他说事情就是那样，不过他错了。

______________________________________________________________________

课文要点

1课文词汇等填空

根据课文内容完成下面语法填空，注意单词拼写和词语用法：

Over time I have been changed a lot. I could 1 (简化) difficult sums when I began 2 a calculating machine. After I was programmed by an operator, I could 3 (logic) produce an answer quicker than any person. At that time it 4 (consider) a 5 ( 技术的) revolution. In 1936, I could solve difficult problems as a 6 (universe) machine. From then on, my memory has developed so much 7 I never forget 8 I have been told. Since the 1970s, many new applications have been found for me. For example, I have been sent to explore the Moon. 9 , my goal is 10 (provide) humans with a life of high quality.

3课文佳句背诵与仿写

1.【课本原句】As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。自二十世纪七十年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又做成便携式。

[模仿要点] 句子结构: first…+ then…+later….

【模仿1】毕业以后，他先是做一名工人，接着做了一个商店的经理后来做了一个工厂的老板。

______________________________________________________________________【模仿2】从那时开始，他先在一家车厂工作，然后在一家钢厂任工程师，当其时那是一家最大的钢厂，后来又到了一家生产电脑的公司任总裁。

______________________________________________________________________

2．【课本原句】I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移动手机，并且用来帮助作医疗手术。

[模仿要点] 句子结构: as well as

【模仿1】通过上网，人们可以获得知识和乐趣。

______________________________________________________________________ 【模仿2】随着经济的快速发展，越来越多的家长能够负担得起培训课，从中他们的孩子既可以获得一些技能也可以丰富他们的生活。

______________________________________________________________________ 单元自测

1完形填空

阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从21—30各题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

I made a promise to myself on the way down to the vacation beach cottage. For two weeks I would try to be a loving husband and father. Totally 21 . The idea had come to me as I listened to a commentator (解说员) on my car's tape player. He was 22 a passage about husbands' being 23 of their wives. Then he went on to say,

"Love is an act of will. A person can 24 to love."

To myself, I had to admit that I had been dulled by my own insensitivity ( 感觉迟钝). So I would like to 25 . And it did. Right from the moment I kissed Katherine at the door and said, "That new yellow sweater looks 26 on you." "Oh, Tom, you noticed." She said, surprised and 27 .

After the long drive, I wanted to sit and read. Katherine suggested a walk on the beach. I started to refuse, but then I thought, "Katherine's been 28 here with the children the year round." We walked on the beach while the children flew their kites. We visited the shell museum though I usually hate museums. Relaxed and happy, that's how the whole 29 passed. I made a new promise to keep on 30 to choose to love.

21. A. loved B. lovely C. lovable D. loving

22. A. thinking B. writing C. reading D. believing

23. A. helpful B. useful C. thoughtful D. hopeful

24. A. want B. choose C. remember D. ask

25. A. happen B. change C. develop . D. forbid

26. A. great B. big C. small D. old

27. A. frightened B. anxious C. pleased D. disappointed

28. A. asleep B. alone C. alive D. awake

29. A. morning B. year C. festival D. vacation

30. A. reminding B. requiring C. repaying D. remembering

2语法填空

阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空，并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。

When I was in my first year of college, I felt hopeless, lonely and very depressed.

31 one such day, I was walking from class across campus to catch my bus home, head down, fighting tears of despair, when 32 old man came along the sidewalk

toward me. I had never seen him before. Embarrassed at 33 (see) in such an emotional mess, I turned my head away and tried to hurry past. I thought he would walk on by, but he moved 34 he was directly in front of me, waited, and then smiled.

35 (look) into my eyes, this stranger spoke in a quiet voice, " 36 is wrong will pass. You're going to be OK. Just hang on." I cannot explain the impact of that moment. He gave me one thing I had lost 37 (complete): hope. I looked for him on campus 38 thank him, but never saw 39 again.

That was thirty years ago. I have never forgotten that moment, 40 taught me to give hope to others wherever I see them in distress.

3阅读理解

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Women should not drink any alcohol during pregnancy. A report released by NICE says. It says if they must drink, they should not do so in the first three months and should limit to one or two ounces once or twice a week afterwards. It replaces previous guidance of saying small daily amounts were fine.

NICE decided to tighten its guidance partly because of the concern that people are now drinking more than in the past. Previous draft guidance suggested women should drink an ounce of alcohol a day once they were past the first three months of pregnancy. The Department of Health in England changed its guidance last year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant.

Drinking heavily in pregnancy can cause fetal alcohol syndrome (胎儿酒精综合症), which can leave children with features like small heads, widely spaced eyes and behavior or learning problems,

The experts said there was no evidence that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but could not categorically rule out (排除) any risk.

National Childbirth Trust agreed women should limit their drinking during pregnancy. "Pregnant women who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal

about whether they have harmed their baby. In general, it is believed that if a light infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small."

NICE also made a number of other recommendations for the care of women in the UK who were pregnant or planning to get pregnant. It said vitamin D and folic acid (叶酸) supplements should be offered by health staff to help avoid conditions such as rickets (软骨病) and spina bifida (脊椎裂). Officials also called for local health officials to ensure equal support plans where mothers encourage new parents to breastfeed are set up. NICE also called for improvements in the care of pregnant women with diabetes. About 20;000 pregnancies each year are affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry, higher risk of miscarriage (流产) and still birth. The guidance said women should get access to advice and support, in particular to achieve good blood sugar control before they get pregnant.

41. What is the advice made by the Department of Health on drinking alcohol during

pregnancy?

A. Little in the first three months and a gradual increase afterwards.

B. An ounce a day after the first three months.

C. No drinking for pregnant women.

D. Those who drink regularly need not worry about the harm to their babies.

42. What's the meaning of the underlined word "categorically'' in Paragraph 3 ?

A. Honestly.

B. Absolutely.

C. Physically.

D. Doubtfully.

43. According to the passage, miscarriage is caused most probably by __________.

A. the lack of vitamin D and folic acid

B. rickets and spina bifida

C. the lack of doctors' advice and support

D. diabetes carded by pregnant women

44. National Childbirth Trust found that __________.

A. a pregnant woman drinking alcohol infrequently has little risk to her baby

B. pregnant women who drink a little occasionally are always afraid of the effects

C. there is no evidence that a pregnant woman drinking alcohol might harm her

baby

D. getting drunk once won’t harm t he baby

45. In this passage, the author mainly intends to ___________.

A. show NICE's new guidance on pregnant women's alcohol drinking and its

advice for the care of pregnant women

B. warn pregnant women against any alcohol during pregnancy

C. show the present situation of pregnant women's drinking limit

D. call for more care for pregnant women in society

Unit 3 Computers答案

Ⅰ词语辨析

Ⅱ词性变化

Ⅲ重点词汇

1. sum n. 金额; 款项; 总数; 总和

[练习] 中译英

Keys: 1). In sum, the plan failed.

2). I summed her up as a competent manager.

2. advantage n.优点；优势；有利条件

[练习] 中译英

Keys: 1). The agreement is/works to our advantage.

2). She took advantage of my generosity.

3. goal n. 球门；进球得的分；目标

[练习] 中译英

Keys: 1). He has achieved his goal.

2). My goal in life is to help others.

4. signal n. 信号, 手势, 声音, 暗号v. 发信号; 用信号传达; 用信号与……通讯[练习] 中译英

Keys: 1). The railway signal was on red, so the train stopped.

2). He was signaling with a red flag.

5. arise vi.（arose, arisen）出现；发生

[练习] 中译英

Keys: 1). A storm arose during the night.

2). Problems have arisen out of the lack of communication

Ⅳ重点词组

1. in common 共同的；共有的；共用的

[练习] 中译英

Keys: 1). Is this word in common use?

2). In common with many others, she applied for a training place.

2. in a/one way 在某种程度上, 从某种意义上说

[练习] 中译英

Keys: 1). In a way, I like this new textbook very much．

2). I’m afraid your bike is in the way．

3.watch over 看守; 监视; 照看

[练习] 中译英

Keys: 1). They are watching for further developments.

2). Watch out! There's a car coming.

4. make up 化妆；化装；捏造，虚构（故事，诗等）

[练习] 中译英

Keys;

1). Society is made up of people of widely differing abilities.

2). She's always very heavily made up.

Ⅴ重点句子

1. By the1940s工had grown as large as a room, and I wondered if I would grow any larger!

到20世纪40年代，我已经长到一个大房间那么大，我不知道我会不会继续长大。[练习] 中译英

Keys:

1). I wonder whether they will arrive on time.

2). That man is twice as heavy as him.

2. However，this reality also worried my designers．

可是这个现实也困扰着我的设计者们。

[练习] 中译英

Keys:

1). She waited, however, for no answer.

2). He said it was so, he was mistaken, however.

课文要点

1课文词汇等填空

答案：1. simplify 2. as 3. logically 4. was considered

5. technological

6. universal

7. that

8. anything 9. Anyhow 10. to provide

3课文佳句背诵与仿写

1.【课本原句】As time went by, I was made smaller. First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s.随着时间的推移，我被弄得越来越小。自二十世纪七十年代以来，我一直被用在办公室和家庭里，先是用作个人电脑，后来又做成便携式。

[模仿要点] 句子结构: first…+ then…+ later….

【模仿1】毕业以后，他先是做一名工人，接着做了一个商店的经理后来做了一个工厂的老板。

答案：After graduation, he first worked as a worker, then as a manager of a store and later as a boss of a factory.

【模仿2】从那时开始，他先在一家车厂工作，然后在一家钢厂任工程师，当其时那是一家最大的钢厂，后来又到了一家生产电脑的公司任总裁。

答案：From then on, he first worked in a car factory, then as an engineer in a steel factory, which was the biggest one at that time and later as president of a company producing computers.

2．【课本原句】I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations.我还被放在机器人里面，被用来制作移动手机，并且用来帮助作医疗手术。

[模仿要点] 句子结构: as well as

【模仿1】通过上网，人们可以获得知识和乐趣。

答案：People can get a lot of fun as well as useful knowledge through the net

【模仿2】随着经济的快速发展，越来越多的家长能够负担得起培训课，从中他们的孩子既可以获得一些技能也可以丰富他们的生活。

答案：With the rapid development of economy, more and more parents are able to afford training classes, in which their children can acquire some skills as well as enrich their life.

单元自测

1完形填空

答案：

21. D 。重复前面的loving，表示强调。

22. C。分析文章语境可知：在汽车里的磁带播放机中解说员在读一篇文章。

23. C。根据下文来看，应是：关心，体贴(thoughtful) 才对。

24. B。上一句讲到爱是出于自愿的行为，那么就应choose to love了。文章最后一句也有呼应。

25. B。由文章可知，作者决心在海滨度假的这两个星期内，这一切都要改变。

26. A。吹捧人常用great一词。

27. C。由前文“Oh, Tom, you noticed.” She said, surprised... 可知，妻子听了之后“又惊又喜”。

28. B。由文章第一句及全文可知，妻子经常和孩子们待在一起。

29. D。文章开头提到的vacation。

30. D。结合文章开头I made a promise...可知，此时作者许诺会永远记住choose to love的。

2语法填空

答案：

在“我”上大学一年级的时候，“我”觉得生活是没有希望的，“我”感到孤单，抑郁。有一天，当“我”又一次沉浸在自己的痛苦中，一位老年人走到“我”的面前告诉“我”一切都会过去的，生活会好起来的，只要“我”坚持住，不放弃。“我”深受触动，终于走出了生活的阴影。“我”试图感谢他，但是再也没有看到他。在此后的三十年间，“我”一直都没有忘记那一刻，从那时起当“我”看到人们处于痛苦中，“我”也会帮助他们看到希望。

31. On。前面有修饰词such，表明这是特定的一天，所以用on。

32. an。old是以元音开始的，所以用an。

33. being seen。at介词后动词用-ing形式，此处I 和see之间构成逻辑上的被动关

系，故用seeing的被动形式being seen。

34. until / till。他一直走到“我”的面前来。until / till“直到……”

35. Looking。this stranger是动词look into的发生者，所以这里用looking into表示

逻辑的主动关系。

36. Whatever。Whatever引导主语从句，表示“无论什么不对的事情都会过去的”。

37. completely。completely 副词修饰动词lost。

38. to。“我”在校园找他的目的是为了感谢他，此处是不定式作目的状语。

39. him。承接上句，“我”满校园找他，但是从此以后都没有见过他。him作宾语。

40. which。定语从句，先行词是that moment并且在后面的部分作主语，而且此处

是非限制性定语从句，关系代词只能用which。

3阅读理解

答案：

NICE建议孕期女士不要饮酒。文中涉及到了英国不同健康机构以及英国政府对孕妇饮酒事宜的不同规定，但是同时指出了孕妇饮酒会对胎儿有不良的影响，从而呼吁孕妇限制饮酒甚至不要饮酒。同时，NICE还对怀孕和准备怀孕的女士保健工作提出了一些其他的建议，提倡社会各方面来关注孕妇的健康。

41. C。事实细节题。题干考查the Department of Health关于孕妇喝酒的建议，文

中第二段说到“The Department of Health in England changed its guidance last

year, calling for no drinking while pregnant or while trying to get pregnant.”可

以看出，该机构现在呼吁孕妇在怀孕期间不要喝酒，因此C项正确。

42. B。词义猜测题。根据词汇所在的句子“The experts said there was no evidence

that several ounces once or twice a week would do any harm to the baby but

could not categorically rule out any risk.”的句意：专家认为没有证据表明一

周内喝一次或两次几盎司的就会对胎儿造成伤害，但是不能(categorically)

排除任何危险。根据下段的最后一句the risk to her baby is small可知少量

的饮酒对胎儿会造成比较微小的伤害，所以categorically在这里意为“完全

地”，也就是说，专家认为没有证据表明一周内喝一次或两次几盎司的就会

对胎儿造成伤害，但是不能完全排除危险。

43. D。事实细节题。根据文章第五段的“About 20,000 pregnancies each year are

affected by diabetes and, therefore, carry higher risk of miscarriage and still

birth.”可以看出，患有糖尿病的孕妇有着很高的流产风险，所以应该选D。

44. B。推理判断题。文中的第四段是National Childbirth Trust的发现，根据“...

agreed women should limit their drinking during pregnancy. ‘Pregnant women

who have had a few drinks often worry a great deal about whether they have

harmed their baby.’”可以看出，即使喝酒不多的孕妇也会很担心喝酒会对胎

儿不利，所以B正确。A项是不完整的，文中说“In general, it is believed that

if a light, infrequent drinker, in good health, drinks to the point of drunkenness

on one occasion, the risk to her baby is small.”可知对胎儿造成比较微小的危

险的怀孕妇女有以下特征:light, infrequent drinker, in good health, on one

occasion，而此选项只是断章取义，所以错误，同理，D项也由此判断为

错误选项。

45. A。作者意图猜测题。作者刚开始介绍了NICE关于孕妇饮酒的新的规定，然

后第五段NICE提出了一些关爱英国怀孕妇女的建议，所以应该选A。

- 20 -

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Teaching Plan Unit1 Friendship 教材人教版高中英语必修一 试讲者李瑶单位新疆师范大学 适用年级高中一年级单元第一单元 课题Anne’s Best Friend 课时共五课时，第二课时 （ Reading） 一．教材分析 Analysis of the Teaching Materials This unit is the first unit of the senior English studying which talks about friendship.As for the students, at the beginning of senior school life, making new friends is one of important things for them now,so the topic of this unit is appropriate at the present time. It can easily stimulate students’interests in English learning and help students think how to choose friends and the meaning of the friendship. The reading passage is the center of the unit. It mainly talks about the Anna , a Jewish girl , during the world war II, regarded the diary as her best friend to express her happiness, sorrow and missing to her hometown. 二．学情分析 Analysis of the Students As the students, grade1of senior high school,they have the basic abilities of listening,speaking,reading and writing,but they still need more chances to practice what they have learnt and improve their ability of communicating with others and expressing their ideas fluently and accurately. Meanwhile,it is also necessary to develop their autonomous learning ability and cooperative learning ability, as well cultivate the awareness of cultural differences. 三. 教学目标 Teaching Aims 1.Knowledge Objectives 1.Get students to know the main content of this article. 2.Learn about the formats of a diary. 2.Ability Objectives 1.Develop their reading ability and learn to use some reading strategies such as guessing, key sentences, skimming and so on. 2.Summarize different paragraphs. 3.Emotion Objectives

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