大学英语精读第四册教案U2

Unit 2 Deer and the Energy Cycle

Lead-in

1.Word Web

Before Reading_1_1

Directions: What words will occur to you whenever we mention the word “energy”？Write down as many words as possible about it.

2.Warm-up Exercises

Directions: Watch the video and write down the kinds of energy mentioned.

Tips: flowing water, wind, fossil, solar, chemical reaction, nuclear

MICRO-HYDRO:Small-scale systems tap the energy of flowing water. These are not to be confused with big dam projects which totally transform ecosystems, wreaking environmental havoc.

WINDPOWER :An ancient source undergoing a revival with modern turbine technology FOSSIL FUELS :Derived from long-dead organic and animal matter. Oil, coal, and natural gas are all fossil fuels.

SOLAR ENERGY:The sun’s power can be harnessed in various ways: by using photovoltaic cells to generate electricity directly; by using thermal collectors to make steam to generate electricity; by using passive solar materials that maximize or retain the sun’s heat.

BIOMASS:Biomass is vegetal or organic material －including dung and plants －and biofuels are the solid or liquid or gaseous fuels that derive from it. Wood, methane and alcohol are all biofuels.

NUCLEAR ENERGY:Currently produced by “fission”. An atom is split －using uranium －and the heat produced drives steam turbines to generate electricity.

3. A Quiz

4.An English Song

Directions: Listen to the song and fill in the blanks.

Green, Green Grass of Home

The old home town looks the same,

As I step down from the train.

And there to meet me is my mamma and my papa.

Down the road I look, and there runs Mary,

Hair of gold and lips like cherries ,

It’s good to touch the green green grass of home.

Yes, they’ll all come to meet me, Arms a-reachin’smiling sweetly ,

It’s good to touch the green, green grass of home.

The old house is still standing,

Though the paint is cracked and dry,

And there's that old oak tree,

That I used to play on.

Down the lane, I’ll walk with my sweet Mary,

Hair of gold and lips like cherries.

It’s good to touch the green, green grass of home.

Then I awake and look around me,

At the four gray walls that surround me,

And I realize.

Yes I was only dreaming ,

For there’s a guard and there’s a sad old padre,

Arm in arm, we’ll walk at daybreak,

Again I’ll touch the green, green grass of home.

Yes they’ll all come to see me in the shade of that old oak tree,

As they lay me meet the green, green grass of home.

Background Info

1.Deer

Directions: Listen to the following passage，write down the words you think important, then retell the story according to what you’ve heard.

There are about 100 different kinds of deer. Some live in grasslands. Others live in forests. The female deer becomes pregnant annually in late autumn, producing one to three young in late spring or early summer. The normal lifespan is 15 to 20 years.

2. Energy Crisis

Directions: Listen to the following passage，write down the words you’ve heard.

Energy crisis refers to a critical shortage in the supply of energy-producing fuels, such as gas, oil, and coal. During the early 1970’s, the demand for petroleum increased sharply, and Western countries depended heavily on imported supplies . The situation became worse during the Arab-Israeli War of 1973, when the Arab nations reduced to the United States and other countries that supported Israel, causing an acute energy shortage in these countries during the winter of 1973 to 1974.

3. Ecological System (Ecosystem)

Directions: Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the help of the words

the relationship between them. A pond, a lake, a forest or an ocean may be an ecosysem . An ecosystem includes such factors as food supply, weather and natural enemies .

Any change in environment has far-reaching effects on living things. The clearing of a forest, for example, may drive away birds and affect drainage (排水). Without birds to keep harmful insects under control, the insects multiply and may do serious damage to crops. Without trees to hold back rain water, erosion may set in and ruin farmland. Scanning

Directions: Scan the text and discuss in pairs, list the facts about the life of deer in four seasons.

1.summer: eat as much as they can, storing the excess in the form of fat; active in

growing, reproducing or storing fat

adult males: grow antlers and get fat

adult females: give birth to young; produce milk

fawns: become less dependent on their mother’s milk and begin to search for growing plants as food

2.fall: continue to eat high quality food in order to deposit fat for the winter

3.winter: reduce their activity, grow a winter coat of hair, and lower their metabolism;

use the reserves of fat to survive the cold winter

4.spring: become active again

and white-tailed deer in North America, the author wants to lead us to pay more attention the importance of conserving the energy. And also the author develops the article by using the writing techniques such as exemplification (LL.18~70), cause and effect (LL.7~17, LL.51~62, LL.71~74), comparison (LL.51~62), classification (LL.29~37), etc. The last paragraph is a conclusion, i.e. “Life depends on energy, thus the cycle continues.”

Blank Filling

Some persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn’n of love; it’s money. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive. On this cycle all life depends. Questions and Answers

1. How do wild animals survive the hard times in winter?

They eat as much as they can during times of plenty, the summer and the fall, storing the excess, usually in the form of fat, and then using these reserves of fat to survive during the hard times in winter when food is scarce.

2. What is the best time for milk production?

The best milk production occurs at the same time that new plant growth is available.

3. What is the use of fat deer accumulate in summer and fall?

Fat reserves are like bank accounts to be drawn on in the winter when food supplies are limited and sometimes are difficult to reach because of deep snow.

4. What changes take place in deer when winter draws near?

Fawns lose their spotted coat. Hair on all the deer becomes darker and thicker.

5. What further safeguard does nature provide to help deer survive the winter?

They have an internal physiological response which lowers their metabolism, or rate of bodily functioning, and hence slows down their expenditure of energy.

6. What changes take place in deer’s behavior when they lower their metabolism? Their behavior changes from more activities in summer and fall to less as winter progresses.

7. What will happen to deer if deep snows come and the weather remains cold for a long time?

Some will die.

8. What is the fundamental rule of life for wild, free wandering animals?

Only the largest and strongest are likely to survive －the survival of the fittest.

What conclusion does the author supply?

Life depends on energy, and thus the cycle continues.

TEXT

Is there anything we can learn from deer? During the “energy crisis” of 1973－1974 the writer of this essay was living in northern Minnesota and was able to observe how deer

survive when winter arrives. The lessons he learns about the way deer conserve energy turn out applicable to our everyday life.

Deer and the Energy Cycle

Some persons say that love makes the world go round. Others of a less romantic and more practical turn of mind say that it isn’t love; it’s money（另一些并不那么罗曼蒂克而更为注重实际的人则说，不是爱情，而是金钱。）. But the truth is that it is energy that makes the world go round. Energy is the currency of the ecological system and life becomes possible only when food is converted into energy, which in turn is used to seek more food to grow, to reproduce and to survive.（能量是生态系统的货币，只有当食物转变为能量，能量再用来获取更多的食物以供生长、繁殖和生存，生命

After Reading

https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a414283821.html,eful Expressions 1. 能源危机energy crisis

2. 金融危机financial crisis

3. 节能conserve energy

4. 更重实际的人people of a more practical mind

5. 生态体系ecological system

6. 反过来in turn

7. 转化成convert into

8. 一个相关的好例子 a good case in point

9. 富含营养的食物nutritious food

10. 生理上成熟physically mature

11. 生育give birth to

12. .搜寻search for 13. 满足需求meet one’s needs

14. 储存脂肪deposit fat

15. 银行帐户bank accounts

16. 充足的食物供给abundant food supply

17. 内在生理反应internal physiological response

18. 减缓新陈代谢lower metabolism

19. 冬眠hibernation

20. 度过难关pull sb. through

21. 生命的基本规律pull sb. through

22. 慢下来slow down

2.Spot Dictation

Ecology is the science of how living creatures and plants exist together and depend on each other and on the local environment. Where an environment is undisturbed, the ecology of an area is in balance, but if a creature is exterminated or an alien species introduced, then the ecology of the district will be upset . In other words, the balance of nature will be upset. Man is a part of the environment and has done more to upset the ecology during the short span on earth than any other living creature. He had poisoned the atmosphere and polluted both land and water. He has squandered the earth’s natural resources with no thought for the future, and has thought out the most devastating ways of killing his fellow men and every other sort of life at the same time.

Even at this moment many of the earth’s natural treasures are being destroyed, many valuable animals and plants are being killed. Besides, it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food to preserve much of the earth’s population from starvation.

3.Multiple Choice

1. As I’m short of money I must draw on my ______.

A) resources B) reserve C) conservation D) currency

2. He couldn’t join the army, because he was below the ______ height allowed by the rules.

A) maximum B) minimum C) smallest D) lowest

3. The small furniture shop has been ______ into a big business.

A) expended B) expanded C) extreme D) extracted

4. The unusually cold weather this winter gave birth to a larger ______ of heaters.

A) consume B) consuming C) consumption D) consumers

5. He is not able to earn enough salary, so he has to ______ economy.

A) do B) make C) reserve D) practice

6. In this country, husbands are adored by their wives ______ an absurd extreme.

A) to B) at C) with D) on

7. The car ______ as it approached the parking lot.

A) speeded up B) slowed down C) broke down D) caught up with

8. There are various ______available which the students can use alone or in a small group.

A) sources B) material C) resources D) causes

9. A fresh idea has just ______ to me.

A) occurred B) happened C) come D) sparked

10. The sweater is hand-knitted and ______ expensive.

A) since B) also C) hence D) in consequence

4.Summary Writing

Wild animals survive from year to year by eating as much as they can in summer and fall, (以脂肪的形式储存多余的食物) storing the excess in the form of fat , and then use their stored fat to survive (冬季的艰难时期)the hard times in winter when food is scarce. But, even with their (脂肪储备) stored fat/fat reserves, wild animals spend less energy to live in winter than in summer. (一个恰当的例子) A good case in point is the white-tailed deer. In summer, after they (生下小鹿) have given birth to fawns , physically mature female deer must search for (处于生长旺期，可转换成能量的植

物)growing plats which can be converted into energy, because milk production is (一个消耗能量的过程) an energy-consuming process. Both males and females continue to eat high quality food in the fall in order to (储存冬季可利用的体内脂肪)deposit body fat which can be drawn on in winter. As fall turns into winter, hair on all the deer becomes thicker, which (提供了一个外部保护层) provides an external safeguard to help deer to survive the winter. In addition, and most important of all, deer have (一种内部生理反应) an internal physiological response which helps to (降低能量消耗) slow down their expenditure of energy by lowering their metabolism. If the winter has deep snow, which means the deer has to spend more energy to (四处走走) move about. they must then be (更多地依靠脂肪储备来度过难关)more dependent on fat reserves to pull through. Even if some small and weak deer die in the freezing winter, their bodies become food for other life forms. (至于能源危机) in the case of energy crisis, we still can (多穿衣服保暖) put on more clothes to stay warm; deer (降低新陈代谢水平) lower their metabolism while we can turn the thermostat on the furnace down.

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(完整版)大学英语精读第一册课后练

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大学英语精读4英译汉练习答案

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大学英语精读第一册课 文翻译 Pleasure Group Office【T985AB-B866SYT-B182C-BS682T-STT18】

第一单元 课程开始之际，就如何使学习英语的任务更容易提出一些建议似乎正当其实。 学习英语的几种策略 学习英语决非易事。它需要刻苦和长期努力。 虽然不经过持续的刻苦努力便不能期望精通英语，然而还是有各种有用的学习策略可以用来使这一任务变得容易一些。以下便是其中的几种： 1．不要以完全相同的方式对待所有的生词。你可曾因为简直无法记住所学的所有生词而抱怨自己的记忆力太差其实，责任并不在你的记忆力。如果你一下子把太多的生词塞进头脑，必定有一些生词会被挤出来。你需要做的是根据生词日常使用的频率以不同的方式对待它们。积极词汇需要经常练习，有用的词汇必须牢记，而在日常情况下不常出现的词只需见到时认识即可。你会发现把注意力集中于积极有用的词上是扩大词汇量最有效的途径。 2．密切注意地道的表达方式。你可曾纳闷过，为什么我们说“我对英语感兴趣”是“I’m interested in English”，而说“我精于法语”则是“I’m good at French”你可曾问过自己，为什么以英语为母语的人说“获悉消息或密秘”是“learn the news or secret”,而“获悉某人的成功或到来”却是“learn of someone’s success or arrival”这些都是惯用法的例子。在学习英语时，你不仅必须注意词义，还必须注意以英语为母语的人在日常生活中如何使用它。 3．每天听英语。经常听英语不仅会提高你的听力，而且有助你培养说的技能。除了专为课程准备的语言磁带外，你还可以听英语广播，看英语电视和英语电影。第一次听录好音的英语对话或语段，你也许不能听懂很多。先试着听懂大意，然后在反复地听。你会发现每次重复都会听懂更多的东西。

现代大学英语精读第六册课文翻译

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Unit 1 When Dad told us about the delivery work it sound easy,just a piece of cake.The trouble was,we di dn’t take care to inquire just how much material was involved.Before long trucks seemed to be pul ling up outside our house all day long,leaving stacks of advertsing.It seemed we would have no ch ance of meeting the deadline.Then we had this mavelous idea.Hiring local kids to help would enab le us to get the job done on time.True,it would cut into our profits,but there was no alternative.Thi ngs seemed to be going well ,but then we had trouble over a pay claim .Our workers demanded fiv e dollars an hour,but fortunately for us they were ready to settle for less.As for us,when we finally settle our account we ended up earning less than the minimum wage for all our efforts.I guess we s hould have know better than to believe that big bucks come easy. Unit 2 While it is often said that love makes the world go round,scientists take a less romantic view.To t hier minds,energy is the fundamental force at work.All animal life is demending on obtaining suffi cuent energy from food.Deer,like other wild animals,do htis through eating as much food as possib le in the summer,when food reserve are abandant.Any excess of energy over thier current needs is despoited in the body in the form of fat.Then when food become scarce in the winter,they can live off the fat.In addition,nature help them to survive the winter by slowing down thier metabolism,as sisting them to pull through the cold weather.However,when the winter is particularly harsh,deer may have to draw on the fat they have bulit up more heavily.Under such conditions,only deer in g ood condition are able to survive to give brith to a new generation Unit 3 In his essay George Orwell starts off by citing Bernard Shaw’s remark that people are more supers titious today than they were in the Middle Ages.They promptly accept the opinions of experts with out asking any questions themselves.Obviously Shaw exaggerates just in order to prove his point t hat we should not always fall back on the theories of well-known authorities.Rather,we should aim at finding out some things for ourselves.By way of illustration,Orwell outline arguments against t he Flat Earth and the Oval Earth theories,thus throwing light on the fact that much of our knowled ege actually rests on authority rather than on reasoning or on experiment.Finally,Orwell draws his conclusion that ours is acredulous age partly because we have such an exceptionally heavy burden of knowledge. Unit4 The last time Lyz saw her husband was as he waved goodbye to her from the steps of their house. He was due to fly off on business later that day.Unluckily for him his flight was collided and he fo und himself having to take United Flight 93the following day.It was from on board that ill-fated fli ght that he telephoned with the news that hijackers had threatened to blow up the airfraft.Cursing his bad luck,he nonetheless realized that his fate was in the rear of.Hoping that the terrorists were bluff when they claimed to have a bomb,he and some other passengers decided to act.Without hun ging up,he set off with others to attack the hijackers.From the telephone came the sound of scream s.Then silence.Lzy still finds it hard to make sence of what happened that day,what lady behind th e terrorist’ mission.All that she is certain of is how enormously proud she is of her husband how bl ess she was tohave been his wife. Unit 5 Whether or not to tell the seriously ill abous their true condition has long been a dilemma for medi cal professionals.Many doctors believe that concealing the facts from those patients will benefit th