Technology in Society
Thermoplastic elastomer/polyaniline blends: Evaluation of mechanical and electromechanical properties Original Research Article
Polymer Testing
Preparation of novel nano-adsorbent based on organic–inorganic hybrid and their adsorption for heavy metals and organic pollutants presented in water environment Original Research Article
Journal of Hazardous Materials
Self-trapped holes in pure-silica glass: A history of their discovery and characterization and an example of their critical significance to industry Original Research Article
Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids
It has long been assumed that hole self-trapping should take place in amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO2). However, no spectroscopic evidence for this was claimed before 1989, when the author used electron spin resonance (ESR) to identify self-trapped holes (STHs) in bulk samples of low-OH pure fused silica X
irradiated 100 K, and Chernov et al. reported a low-temperature infrared absorption near 1600 nm in irradiated pure-silica-core fibers, which they ascribed to STHs. Based on g values and 29Si and 17O hyperfine coupling constants measured by ESR, Griscom [D.L. Griscom, Phys. Rev. B 40 (1989) 4224;
D.L. Griscom, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 149 (1992) 137] deduced the existence of two types of STHs: STH1 (a hole trapped on a single bridging oxygen) and STH2 (a hole delocalized over two equivalent bridging oxygens of the same SiO4tetrahedron). The validity of Griscom’s models for STH1 and STH2 are supported by the ab initio calculations of Pacchioni and Basile [G. Pacchioni, A. Basile, Phys. Rev. B 60 (1999) 9990] and Gabriel [M.A. Gabriel, PhD dissertation, Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, in preparation]. In 1984, Nagasawa et al. reported that low-OH-pure-silica-core optical fibers γ irradiated at 300 K exhibit metastable optical absorption bands at 660 and 760 nm. Griscom [D.L. Griscom, J. Non-Cryst. Solids 349 (2004) 139] recorded these same bands in
low-OH-pure-silica-core fibers γ irradiated at 77 K, showing their isochronal annealing behaviors to correlate with his earlier ESR data for STHs in bulk silica and also with Harari et al.’s data [E. Harari, S. Wang, B.S.H. Royce, J. Appl. Phys. 46 (1975) 1310] for trapped positive charges in silica thin films following X irradiation at 77 K. Sasajima and Tanimura [Y. Sasajima, K. Tanimura, Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003) 014204] established direct correlations of an induced band at 574 nm with STH2 by performing both ESR and a variety of optical measurements on three types of high-purity bulk silicas following pulsed electron
irradiations at 77 K; however, these authors did not detect the 660 or 760 nm bands. Yamaguchi et al. [M. Yamaguchi, K. Saito, A.J. Ikushima, Phys. Rev. B 68 (2003) 153204] demonstrated that the yield of
ESR-detected STHs photoinduced in bulk pure-silica samples at 77 K depends exponentially on fictive temperature (T f). The present paper recounts the forgoing history in greater detail, while attempting to reconcile some seemingly disparate findings into a unified picture of STHs in silica. In the fall of 1998, a number of satellites in orbit were tumbling out of control due to failure of their HeNe ring-laser-gyro (RLG) attitude control systems. The author, acting in the capacity of pro-bono US government consultant, proposed the correct solution to this problem (replace Al-contaminated silica mirror coatings with
high-purity ones). However, accelerated tests (short operation times at much-higher-than-normal laser powers) of the corrected devices failed to corroborate this fix. Thus, all further launches of satellites employing these RLGs remained grounded until the author was able to convince industry troubleshooters that (1) the accelerated test failures were due to the 660-nm STH band (which is induced even in the highest-purity silica coatings by 20-eV photons emitted by the laser plasma), (2) the strength of this band is initially proportional to ionizing dose rate (inevitably giving false positives in accelerated tests), and (3) this band eventually disappears after several months of irradiation, even at dose rates as low as
0.15 Gy/s. All of these insights derived from curiosity-driven components of the author’s researc h. Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. Self-trapped carriers in crystalline and glassy insulators
1.2. If there are self-trapped holes in SiO2, where have they been hiding?
1.3. Story of the discovery of self-trapped holes in a-SiO2
1.4. Self-trapped holes in a-SiO2 have visible-range optical bands
1.5. Self-trapped holes in a-SiO2 have practical relevance – unforeseen by US science management
2. ESR spectra of STHs in a-SiO2
2.1. g-Value theory of STH1 in a-SiO2
2.2. g-Value theory of STH2 in a-SiO2
2.3. STH g-value distributions as probes of the valence-band density of states of a-SiO2
3. Recent evidence that strained bonds favor STH formation
4. Optical bands attributable to STHs
4.1. Optical bands recorded in γ-irradiated optical fibers
4.2. Optical bands recorded for pulse-electron-irradiated bulk silica samples
5. Relevance to industry
5.1. The mystery of the tumbling satellites
5.2. What went wrong?
6. STHs in a-SiO2: Where do we go from here?
6.1. Uncertainties about the optical bands
6.2. How pervasive are reactions of STHs with interstitial atoms?
6.3. Does F2 laser irradiation create STH/self-trapped-electron pairs?
6.4. What is the mechanism of the radiation-stimulated reconfiguration?
6.5. Pulsed radiolysis of pure-silica core fibers
6.6. Theoretical calculations are dearly needed – and they are coming soon!
6.7. How and why to calculate STHs in a-SiO2
6.8. Why should industry care?
References
Experience of design and optimization of multi-effects desalination systems in Iran Original Research Article
Desalination
Hybrid porous resist with sensing functionality Original Research Article Microelectronic Engineering
Perioperative Workflow: Barriers to Efficiency, Risks, and Satisfaction Original Research Article
AORN
Synthesis and optical characterization of Ag0nanoparticles Original Research Article
Microelectronics Journal
Structure and optical properties of - and -cerium sesquisulfide Original
Research Article
Journal of Alloys and Compounds
Long period grating-based humidity sensor for potential structural health monitoring Original Research Article
Sensors and Actuators A: Physical
Science and the humanities: the case for state humanities councils
Technology in Society
Using the “revealed competitive advantage indices” for exports and imports, the pa per is devoted to the analyses of the vulnerability of selected developing countries if China's competitive position is improved due to its entry to World Trade Organization (WTO). In contrast to the existing literature, which concentrates on labour-intensive products as a group, this paper considers products at a disaggregate level because products in the same group are not often homogeneous. It is argued that the competitive effects of China's accession on developing countries are exaggerated in the literature.
In labour-intensive manufactured goods, China competes mainly with South Asian countries (e.g., India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, and Nepal) and a few Latin American and African countries. However, it also provides them with little demand complementary effects. Nevertheless, some Latin American and African countries may benefit from the expansion of China's imports of foods and agricultural raw materials. In the final market for capital goods, China competes with Asian newly industrializing economies (NIEs) and Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) countries and in a limited number of goods with Mexico and Costa Rica. For NIEs, unlike others, such competition involves complementary effects through the import of parts and components, which will overoffset the competition effects in the short and medium run. As China develops its capacity to produce components, however, the “competition” effect may dominate.
China's export structure is similar to that of the Republic of Korea and Malaysia in the final market for a number of “finished” capital goods. By contrast, Thailand is vulnerable in clothing, miscellaneous household equipment, and electric machinery. Indonesia has little to worry except for furniture. India
concentrates mainly on undergarments and China in outer garments. Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Pakistan, Viet Nam, and Nepal have similar export structure with China in some clothing items; however, overall, they (particularly Viet Nam) have been aggressive in exportation of these products. Sri Lanka and Pakistan also compete with China in toys and sporting goods, but both have shown some strength in their exports.
Except Mexico, Costa Rica, Haiti, and to some extent Uruguay, the export structure of the Latin American countries is mostly different from that of China. Mexico has a strong competitive position vis-à-vis China in a number of clothing items but weaker in a few assembly operations. Costa Rica's competitive advantage has noticeably improved for a number of clothing items and a few assembly operations. Haiti competes with China in eight products, mostly clothing. It has a strong competitive position in footwear, one clothing item, and some base metal. Uruguay's relative competitive position is weak in a number of labour-intensive products. The export structure of African countries is different from that of China, except for Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia, and Malawi. These countries have improved their competitive position in their clothing.
China's entry into the WTO will not change, for some time, its market access for textiles and clothing for it to be a threat to other developing countries. Nevertheless, if China attempts devaluation, the situation could change radically. China's devaluation is, however, unlikely. Over a longer term, much depends on what policy China will pursue in its trade and industrialization. China's attempt in increasing domestic value added in exports could lead to improvement in its competitiveness in technology/skill-intensive products of interest to NIEs and the ASEAN.
Article Outline
1. Introduction
1.1. The theme and the analytical framework
2. China's labour cost advantages
3. China's changing competitive advantage at product level
3.1. Market share in export items
3.2. Assembly operation and potential for production and exports of parts and components
4. Competition and complementary effects of the accession
4.1. Competition effect
4.2. China's imports from developing countries: “complementary effect”
4.3. NIEs and ASEAN: the main beneficiaries of processing trade
4.3.1. Office machine and automatic data processing
4.3.2. Textiles and clothing
5. Competition on main export products
5.1. Similarities in export product structure: rank correlation
5.2. Product analysis
5.2.1. Asia
5.2.2. Latin America
5.2.3. Africa
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
References
Is China's accession to WTO threatening exports of developing countries?Original Research Article
China Economic Review
Background context
Although total disc replacements have been performed in Europe since the 1980s, this type of surgery is still new in the United States. The clinical performance of polyethylene in total disc replacements is still not well understood.
Purpose
To describe the wear, surface damage, oxidation and mechanical properties in an explanted polyethylene total disc replacement component.
Study design/setting
Case report, analysis of retrieved implant.
Patient sample
Case report.
Outcome measures
Analysis of wear, oxidation and mechanical properties in the retrieved total disc replacement.
Methods
A 49-year-old female patient was implanted at L5–S1 with an S
B Charité total disc prosthesis (DePuy Spine, Raynham, MA). After 1.6 years, the patient underwent a posterior, instrumented fusion because of intractable low back, left buttock and radicular left leg pain. Preoperative diagnostics revealed loosening at the bone implant interface at L5 and S1, anterior migration of the L5 base plate and severe degeneration of the L5–S1 facet joints. The retrieved polyethylene core showed evidence of damage around the periphery or rim. Transverse, subsurface cracks in the polyethylene, which initiated near the rim and penetrated into the interior of the component, were imaged using thin-film optical microscopy and micro-computed-tomography imaging. Analysis using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (American Society for Testing and Materials [ASTM] F2102) documented low levels of oxidation within 1 mm of the articulating surface. Miniature specimen mechanical testing (ASTM F2183), conducted near the surface where the oxidation was greatest, demonstrated that the mechanical properties were not substantially degraded.
Conclusion
In this case, the anterior revision surgery was difficult and potentially life-threatening. The revision strategy of an instrumented posterior fusion to salvage a failed SB Charité disc replacement may be unpredictable and, in this case, ultimately unsuccessful. Despite the small size of the retrieved
polyethylene core, ASTM standard test techniques developed for analysis of retrieved hip and knee replacements were readily adapted for the total disc prosthesis.
évaluation des enseignements et des enseignants par les externes lors d'un stage clinique dans un service de gynécologie–obstétrique Original Research Article
Journal de Gynecologie Obstetrique et Biologie de la Reproduction
Article Outline
Introduction
Case report
Retrieval analysis
Wear surface analysis methods
Micro-CT analysis
Optical micrography
Oxidation profile
Mechanical properties
Discussion
References
Coastline extraction from SAR images and a method for the evaluation of the coastline precision
Pattern Recognition Letters
大学英语六级作文范文30篇
英语六级作文预测范文30篇 热点作文1 .. 1)目前社会上有许多人喜欢购买彩票 2)分析产生这种现象的原因 3)提出你的建议 【思路点拨】 本题属于提纲式文字命题。提纲第1点指出一种现象，提纲第2点要求分析产生这种现象的原因，提纲第3点要求“我”针对该现象给出建议，由此可判断本文应为现象解释型作文。 根据所给提纲，本文应包含以下内容：描述当前社会上人们热衷于购买彩票的现象;分析导致人们购买彩票的原因;针对购买彩票提出一至两点“我”的建议。 【参考范文】 Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries? Nowadays, there exist all kinds of lotteries in our society, such as welfare lottery, sports lottery, computer lottery, and so forth. Anyone, whether men or women, the young or the old, may buy lottery tickets. But why do so many people like buying them? The following reasons can account for the popularity of lotteries. First of all, most people are trying their luck on lottery tickets. They have a long-cherished dream of making big money overnight. In addition, there are some people who want to make donation to public welfare by buying lottery tickets. Besides, some people buy them just for fun.
英语六级作文范文
●The Internet—A Blessing or Curse？ ●Nowadays college students often use the Internet for study，shopping，entertainment， and many other things. Some people say that the Internet facilitates students’ lives，but others worry that it might affect students’study. In my opinion，the Internet is good for college students when it is used appropriately. ●The Internet is good for college students. First，students can collect many kinds of information via the Internet. (linkage) When students find something interesting in the book，but their teacher cannot give them more details or answer all their questions in class，they can search the Internet after class to find the details or answers by themselves. Second，the Internet keeps students updated with what is happening all over the world. (linkage) Just by browsing the web-page，students can read a lot of news. They can also type on some key words to search and follow any affair on the Internet. They don’t have to search piles of newspapers and thus save much time for study. ●In one word，the Internet facilitates students’lives when it is used reasonably. Now more and more college students are becoming aware of the convenience and the importance of using the Internet. ●Is it wise to buy or borrow books? ●In the past, people used to hold a kind of thought that people would certainly fail to read a book effectively unless it was borrowed. Although a lot of people want to borrow the books they like from their friends or public libraries, I prefer buying a book to borrowing one. ●Buying books has some advantages. Firstly, you needn’t care about the deadline. You are enjoying the book, especially some reference books, because you can certainly keep the book. Whenever you want to read it, you can get it from your bookshelf. Secondly, if you borrow some books from the public libraries and your friends, you aren’t allowed to write on the books. You have to spend a lot of time in copying down the information which you need in your own note book. In addition, if you unfortunately make some mistakes during copying, these mistakes may mislead you. Finally, the public libraries are open to all people, but the books in library are limited. If different readers want to borrow the same book at the same time, some of the readers can’t get the book until other readers return the book to the library. As a result, some of the readers have to spend time in waiting for two or three weeks. ●All in all, in my opinion, nowadays people can easily buy (some) books from book stores. I consider that buying books is much more convenient than borrowing books. ●Will Electronic Dictionaries Kill Printed Dictionaries ●Many people today prefer to use electronic dictionaries rather than printed ones, because electronic dictionaries are much lighter and smaller and easier to be taken everywhere. Some people worry that printed dictionaries may disappear one day. But I believe that electronic dictionaries will not kill printed ones. ●First, printed dictionaries are much cheaper than the electronic ones. Many students, who use dictionaries most often, can hardly afford an expensive electronic dictionary. Therefore, the printed ones are exactly what they need. Second, scholars prefer printed
2013年6月英语六级作文范文及点评
2013年6月英语六级作文范文及点评 考试采取“多题多卷”模式，试题顺序不统一，请依据试题进行核对 1、Good Habits Result from Refusing Temptation 2、Smile is the shortst distance between two people 3、earth provided you enought thing to satisify someone's needs but not someone's greed Good Habits Result from Refusing Temptation It is not exaggerating to say that habits determine how much a person can achieve. This is due to the magical power that habits have. It can redouble the effort of our daily behavior. Take this for example: if you recite one word every day, you will add 365 words to your vocabulary by one year, and 700 words by two years, and 1400 words before graduation which is by far beyond the curricular of CET-6. While if you spend two hours on playing computer games—which is far less than how much time is spent in reality for college students—you will probably get addicted to it and fail your study. This phenomenon can be easily found in the college that it is high time for us to be aware of the importance of habits. We should cultivate good habits and get rid of the bad habits such as staying up late, being addicted to games, consuming extravagantly, etc as soon as possible. Rome was not built in one day. We can accumulate a great fortune by the tiny efforts we made every day. From now on say good bye to the bad habits and stick to the good ones, we will enjoy a profitable return in the future. 2013年6月英语六级作文高分版 Keep Our Hearts Strong As the proverb goes, constant drops wear out the stone. Good habits help pave our way to success. However, during the cultivation of good habits we are frequently bewildered and baffled by temptations from the world around us. Only when we are alert and determined enough to resist these temptations can we take a right and unswerving road to success. In our daily life, it is essential for us to be self-disciplined. A healthy lifestyle, which may consist of regular exercise and balanced diet, is what most people are pursuing in contemporary society. Yet many people cannot resist the coziness of staying in and temptation of tasty but fatty food, thus giving up half way cultivating healthy habits and getting decreasingly robust. In addition, our progress in academic performance depends on good habits. We must restrain ourselves from endless entertainment. Otherwise, distracted and indulged, we can never maintain a good learning habit, let alone achieve academic excellence. In summary, good habits rely on strong hearts that are not disturbed by temptations. With persistence ——河北工程大学英语协会监制——1
2005-2012历年英语六级作文真题及范文
2005 年-2012 年六级作文真题及范文 2012 年6 月英语六级作文题 题目：The impact of the Internet on interpersonal communication 要求：commenting on "Dad：Hi sweetie, how was school, today? Daughter: You can read all about it on my blog, Dad" The impact of the Internet on interpersonal communication In contemporary society, our life is filled with a variety of anecdotes or stories, and the following is no exception: "Dad：Hi sweetie, how was school, today? Daughter: You can read all about it on my blog, Dad." Funny as it seems, this conversation can be naturally associated with the impacts of Internet on our life: In an era of Internet, the time for interpersonal communication is impaired by online chats or blogs. Apparently, the impacts of the Internet on interpersonal communication are diverse. For one thing, as a vital invention, Internet brings great convenience to our communication, eliminates the barrier of distance, and helps humans to keep in touch wherever and whenever. For another, it is Internet that does not enables family members, friends or classmates to communicate more in a face-to-face way. One case in point is that youngsters may spend hours chatting with acquaintances through QQ or MSN, but rarely do they talk with other face to face. Unfortunately, it we let this trend to continue as it is, the interpersonal relationship will, definitely, become alienated. To my understanding, it is advisable for people to communicate more with their families, friends and acquaintances in real life instead of merely through the Internet. Do bear in mind: Internet is just a tool. 2011 年12 月英语六级作文题 Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay entitled The Way to Success by commenting on Abraham Lincoln s famous remark, "Give me six hours to chop down a tree, and I will spend, the first four sharpening the axe." You should write at least 150 words but no more than 200 words. The Way to Success What is success? In fact, success is a positive feeling, it is a state of confidence after we achieve our ideals So all of us will try our best to get success."If A is a success in life, then A equals x plus y plus z..Hardworking is x; y is good methods and z is stop talking and get down to work."It is said by Einstein, who is used to be a winner of the Nobel Prize. According to this Wisdom, we known that if we want to do everything successful, we must follow these ways. When we begin to study, our parents and teachers always told us to study hard. Hardworking, which is an useful way to success, is necessary for us. Hardworking, which means we should try our best to do the things. Besides, if you want to get success, we not only need hardworking, but also have some useful methods. If you have some useful methods, you will feel that it is easier to achieve your goals. What ' s more, we must stop talking and get down to work. Success is base on the actions. Actions, may not let we get success. But if we not action, it can never be successful. Regardless of the dream is big or small, the goal is high or low, from now on, swing it into action. In my opinion, if you follow these important ways to do every things, you will get success at last. 2011 年6 月英语六级作文题 1.现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试 2.其目的各不相同
全国大学英语六级作文范文(一)
全国大学英语六级作文范文（一） 热点作文1 1)目前社会上有许多人喜欢购买彩票 2)分析产生这种现象的原因 3)提出你的建议 【参考范文】 Why Do People Like to Buy Lotteries? Nowadays, there exist all kinds of lotteries in our society, such as welfare lottery, sports lottery, computer lottery, and so forth. Anyone, whether men or women, the young or the old, may buy lottery tickets. But why do so many people like buying them? The following reasons can account for the popularity of lotteries. First of all, most people are trying their luck on lottery tickets. They have a long-cherished dream of making big money overnight. In addition, there are some people who want to make donation to public welfare by buying lottery tickets. Besides, some people buy them just for fun. As far as I am concerned, there are some risks in buying lotteries. People never should count on making big money by buying lotteries. Furthermore, lotteries to some extent are similar to gambling, so people should not spend too much money and energy on them. In a word, people should keep a clear head when buying lotteries. 热点作文2
经典必背英语六级作文16篇
Topic 1: My View on the Post-graduate Craze Every year, millions of college students sit in for the post-graduate entrance examination. More and more students regard the pursuing of a master's degree as an indispensable part of their education. Why are students so enthusiastic about obtaining a post-graduate diploma? First, it is the demand of the time. In an age of knowledge updating and information explosion, what we have learned in college can hardly meet the demand of society. Whereas, those equipped with the latest knowledge and skills, especially those with a master degree, are badly needed. Second, we all recognize that the more education we have, the more likely we are to succeed. Compared with those without a master degree, post-graduates enjoy more preferential treatment, for example, better salaries, or more opportunities for training and promotion. A post-graduate degree can sometimes guarantee a more promising career. Last but not least, with the graduation of a large number of college students, competition for jobs becomes more and more fierce. One way to gain some advantage over others is to have a higher academic degree. So no wonder millions of students will consider pursuing a post-graduate degree. As for me, I would like to join them to study for a higher degree, taking the above-mentioned advantages into consideration. Topic 2: Should We Help Strangers? Helping strangers has always been considered a treasured virtue of human kind. On the one hand, we need help from others throughout our life, no matter when we travel to other places or stay at home. On the other hand, helping others brings us tremendous happiness. We feel great joy when we are trusted and needed by others. Therefore, it is highly recommended that we help strangers when possible. However, some people are cautious and would rather not help strangers because it can sometimes put us into trouble. They say some strangers are just cheats who pretend to be pitiful in order to take advantage of our sympathy. Helping them would put us in danger. Furthermore, sometimes we are not able to provide the help needed. For example, if we can't swim, it is dangerous to help someone being drowned. In my opinion, we should still try our best to help strangers if possible, though we should also learn to protect ourselves from being harmed in the process.
英语六级写作必背范文20篇
英语六级写作必背范文20篇 范文赏析(一) View on Fake Commodities 1. 假冒伪劣商品的危害。 2. 怎样杜绝假冒伪劣商品。 My View on Fake Commodities Nowadays fake commodities have flooded almost every inch of the market. Wherever you are, whatever you do, it seems that you can hardly have fallen prey to them. In other words, it is highly probable that you have bought some of those fake goods or products of inferior quality. Needless to say, fake commodities have already done great harm to our society. On the one hand, they will ruin the good reputation of genuine products and disturb the balance of the market. On the other hand, the prevalence of such products has hindered interpersonal relationship and resulted in the decline of public morality. As a consequence, they have wasted exhaus tible resources, endangered people’s precious life and health, and in the long run eroded public trust. Then, what should be done to do away with fake commodities To start with, the government needs to tighten its inspection program and strengthen its enforcement policies. Secondly, honest businessmen should modify some long-accepted practices at the protection of their intellectual property right. Most important of all, we consumers will have to do a better job of learning how to distinguish between the genuine and the phoney and definitely say no to the fake ones. In one word, the coordinated effort of the whole society will put an end to fake commodities. in the Ownership of Houses 要求：1、根据上图描述该市住房产权的变化; 2、分析产生这些变化的原因; 3、说明这些变化对个人和社会产生的影响。 Changes in the Ownership of Houses As is shown in the chart, great changes have taken place in the ownership of houses in the city. There has been a steady decline in the percentage of state-owned houses from 75 in 1990 to 20 in 2000. On the contrary, the percentage of private houses has been on the rise. Several factors may account for the trend. For one thing, owing to the policy of reform and opening to the outside world, the past decade witnessed significant improvement in people’s standard of living.In other words, they have had the means to purchase houses of their own. For another, people’s ideas about consumption have undergone some radical changes. In the past, they were reluctant to spend, but now they are willing to buy. Anyway, it is much more comfortable to
历年六级作文范文网络版仅供参考
1112 The Way to Success Success is something everyone looks for, longs for and dies for. But have you ever considered what success is? Some may hold that success means one has beautiful life, like pretty house, cool cars and great power. It’s indeed one wa y to define success. But to me, success is doing something one really feels like doing. To achieve this kind of success, one has to bear in mind three essential prerequisites, namely knowing where your interest really lies in, possessing the strong will to pursue your interest and having the diligence to realize your dream. In other words, they are “what” “why” and “how” of success. It’s really luckily good for one, especially for the younger generation of today to find their dreams, follow them and in the end, make them come true and become successful. Although it’s never easy to succeed, progressing with the strong will and diligence towards the right direction, you’ll be the one! 1106 Certificate Craze 1. 现在许多人热衷于各类证书考试 2. 其目的各不相同 3. 在我看来 In recent years, to get a certificate has become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. A number of factors could account for the problem, but the following are the most critical ones. College students in growing numbers are beginning to believe that get a certificate contributes directly to enhancing their future job opportunities or promotion opportunities. The pressure of employment makes college students be more inclined to get various certificates. What’s more M any parents and teachers believe that additional educational activities enjoy obvious advantage. By preparing certificate test, they maintain, their children are able to obtain many kinds of practical skills and useful knowledge, which will put them in a beneficial position in the future job markets. After a thorough consideration, for my part, I am in favor of being more rational when it comes to certificates, since certificates do not necessarily prove one’s ability. Being crazy in getting certificates blindly will definitely leads to wasting of time. The students should enhance their awareness of the importance of ability. To conclude, we should focus on improving our ability but not getting a certificate of no practical value. 1012 My View on University Ranking 1. 目前高校排名相当盛行 2. 对于这种做法，人们看法不一 3. 我认为…… It is a not-uncommon social phenomenon that the university rankings are especially prevalent in our country. For example, universities are measured by scale, academic achievements or the number of papers published in famous magazines. As to this issue, opinions vary from person to person. Some people hold that university ranking dramatically promotes the development of university in various fields.