江苏专转本英语考试语法重点大全

江苏省专转本英语考试语法重点大全

一)倒装句

谓语动词放在主语之前的这种语法现象称为倒装。从倒装的形式来看，可分

为全部倒装(full inVerSiOn) 和部分倒装(Partial inVerSiOn) 两种。前者是指整个谓语置于主语之前，而后者仅是指助动词、情态动词或be动词等功能置于主语

之前。

一、全部倒装

1、句首为there be, Sta nd, lie, exist, rema in, appear , seem, come 等时，引出全部倒装。

There Sta nds a StOne bridge across the river .

There Sta nds an Old Pine tree On the SUmmit of the mou ntain.

2、句首为状语方位词或表示地点的介词短语：

The n from the POrtabIe radio in the COrner Came the announ Cer ' voice. 从角落里的便携式收音机里传来了播音员的声音。

At his Side lay EVa Brown. 在他的身旁躺着的是爱娃.布劳恩。

3、以here, there, now, then 等开头的句子，位于常用be, come, go, begi n, follow 等，引出倒装：

There goes the bell. 铃响了。

Here comes the bus. 汽车来了。

Now come your turn. 现在轮至M尔了。

但是，如主语是代词而不是名词时则不发生倒装。

4、在表示动作的简短句子里，为了生动，可把副词放于句首引出倒装。

Out rushed the dog from the gate. 一条狗从大门里嗖地一声窜了出来

UP Went the rocket into the sky. 火箭嗖地一声飞上了天空。

但：AWay they went.

5、在表达祝愿的句子里：

LOng live the friendship between AmeriCan and Chinese people!

中美人民的友谊万岁！

May you succeed! 祝你成功！

6、在强调表语时

Worst of all Were the humiliati On s. 最令人难以忍受的是羞辱。

SUCh is the case. 情况就是这样。

二、部分倒装

1、省略if的虚拟条件句中

Had I known What WaS going to happen ， I would never have left her alo ne. 如果我当时知道可能发生的事的话，我就不会撇下她一个人在那

里了。

Were there no air or Water , there would be no life in the world. 没有空气和水，世界上就不会有生命。

2、在以so （肯定）和neither ,nor （否定）的句子中

He didn 'fear new ideas, nor did he fear the future. 他不怕新想法，也不怕未来。

I 'e had some good ideas, so have other men. 我有些新的想法，另S

人也会有啊。

DiStruSt Can be COn tagious, but SO Can trust.

不信任有传染力，同样

信任也具有传染力。

3、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，如never , little, often, not only, not un til, hardly, scarcely, seldom, no soon er ... tha n (i)

no way, at no time, Un der no CirCUmSta nces, by no means, in no CaSe ,采用部分倒装。

LittIe does he Care about mon ey. 他很少关心钱。

Not Un til rece ntly did I know What he had done. 直至U最近我才知道他所做的事。

4、句首状语由only+畐H词，only+介词短语，only+状语分词时

On Iy yesterday did he find out that his WatCh WaS missi ng. 直至U 昨

天他才发现表丢了。

OnIyin our COUntryCan SCie nce SerVe the in terests of the people.

只有在我们国家科学才能服务于人民的利益。

5、在强调宾语时

Still greater con tributio ns should We make to our socialist con StrUCtiO n. 我们应该为社会主义建设做出更大的贡献。

USefUI ChemiCaI fertilizer Can We make from the WaSte liquid. 从废弃液体中我们能提取有用的化学肥料。

二）非谓语动词种类及句法功能

（一）概述：

在英语中，不作句子谓语，但仍具有除谓语外其他语法功能的动词，叫做非

谓语动词。非谓语动词有动词不定式（the Infinitive ）;动名词（the Gerund ）;

现在分词(the PreSent PartiCiPIe );过去分词(the PaSt PartiCiPIe )。

（二）非谓语动词的句法功能

1 ）逻辑主语

为了强调是谁发出的一个动作，我们往往要有主语来明确表现。由于非谓语动词在

句中不做谓语，所以强调谁发出的动作就不明显。但它又有动词的某些特征，在这种情况下，就有了其逻辑上的主谓关系。在英语中，非谓语动词的逻辑主语各有其不同的表现方式，也是常考的一个语法项目，尤其是动名词和分词的逻辑主语。现在来简要分析一下在不定式、动名词和分词中的逻辑主语。

①不定式的逻辑主语是同过介词Of和for来体现的。这两个介词使用的区别是：

当表语是表示主语的性质或特征时（如：good, nice, wise, gen erous, foolish, CIeVer , silly, wrong, stupid, Careless, con siderate, impolite,

naughty 等等），我们使用of;其它的使用for 请看例句:

It is Un WiSe of them to turn dow n the

他们拒绝这个建议很proposal.

不明智

It is gen erous of you to Stay US for the ni

难为你这么慷慨留我们ght.

过

夜。

It is a great honor for US to atte nd this

我们很荣幸参加这个大rally.

It is Very dan gerous for ChiIdre n to SWim in the

孩子们在reservoir

水库里游泳很危险

②动名词的逻辑主语是在动名词前用名词或代词来表现的在句首时一般要

使用所有格，在句中一般使用其通格。例如：

Mary ' grunting COntinuOuSIy annoyed her husband, and her mother ' Staying With them WaS the last straw. 玛丽的不断唠叨已经使她丈

夫很烦，她母亲来和他们一块住更使他们的关系雪上加霜。

Xiao Li S being late for school UPSet the teacher . 小李的迟至U让老师很恼火。

OUr sole worry is (you) your relyi ng on yourself too much. 我们唯

一的担心是你这个人太相信自己了。

They in SiSted (Xiao Wang) Xiao Wang S going With them together .

他们坚持要小王和他们一块走。

③ 分词的逻辑主语有两种：一是悬垂分词的逻辑主语，其二是独立主格结构的逻辑主语。在悬垂结构中，分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，如果两者不能构成逻辑上的一致关系则该句结构是错误的.如：

See n from the space, the earth look like a blue ball. 从太空看起来，

地球像个蓝色的球体。

这个悬垂结构Seen from the SPaCe = When the earth is Seen, …

LaUgh ing and Chatt ing, the PUPiIS left school for home. 孩子们说说

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