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循环系统复习试题[带答案解析]

循环系统复习试题[带答案解析]
循环系统复习试题[带答案解析]

单选题

1.典型慢性肺原性心脏病应具备哪一项X线表现?( A )

A、肺动脉高压、右室大

B、肺瘀血、右室大、左房大

C、肺充血、左、右室大

D、肺少血、右室大、主动脉宽

E、肺水肿,心脏普遍大

2.指出不属于肺循环改变的肺部病变是( C )

A、肺充血

B、肺淤血(含肺水肿)

C、肺出血

D、肺血减少

E、肺动脉高压

3.心脏正侧位片,显示两肺呈瘀血征,心影呈二尖瓣型,心胸比值为0.53,心影可见左心缘出现四个弓,主动脉弓较小,心尖上翘,心底有双重密度影。应诊断为( D )

A、慢性肺源性心脏病

B、缩窄性心包炎

C、先天性心脏病房间隔缺损

D、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄

E、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣狭窄伴关闭不全

4.“二尖瓣型心”的基本特征是( B )

A、右心室增大

B、肺动脉段膨隆

C、主动脉结突出

D、右心房增大

E、心尖向左下延伸

5.只引起左心室负荷加大的主要原因是( B )

A、肺循环高压

B、体循环高压

C、右心回心血量增加

D、三尖瓣关闭不全

E、心房水平左向右分流

6.女性患儿,8岁,自幼心慌、气短、活动受限、易感冒,体检胸左缘第2-3肋间闻及机器样连续性杂音。照片示两肺多血,主动脉结宽,肺动脉段凸出,二者之间填平,左、右心室增大,心及主动脉搏动强烈。应诊断为( D )

A、动脉导管未闭

B、二尖瓣关闭不全

C、房间隔缺损

D、室间隔缺损

E、法洛四联症

7.女性患者,24岁,因患风湿性心脏病而摄心、大血管远达高千伏心脏后前位和左侧位。照片示二尖瓣型心,心胸比值0、53,左心房和右心室增大,两肺门影增大模糊,上肺门大于下肺门,两肺纹理多而模糊,并有网状影及淡薄的密度增高影为背景。肺部改变应考虑为( E )

A、肺充血

B、肺动脉高压

C、肺少血

D、肺栓塞

E、肺瘀血

8.男性患者,23岁,右心房、室增大,肺脉动脉段凸出,两肺门大而搏动增强,右下肺动脉干增粗达17mm,两肺纹理增多增粗,边界清晰,肺野透过度正常其肺循环变化是( B )

A、肺少血

B、肺多血

C、肺淤血

D、肺出血

E、肺栓塞

9.肺循环血流量增多,而左心室、主动脉及体循环血流量减少的先天性心脏病为( C )

A、动脉导管未闭

B、室间隔缺损

C、房间隔缺损

D、法洛四联征

E、肺动脉瓣狭窄

10.心脏右前斜位片主要观察( A )

A、左心房、肺动脉主干和右心室

B、左心室、主动脉弓的全貌

C、右心房、主动脉

D、气管分叉

E、以上全不是

11.右心房增大,下列哪一项是错误的( E )

A、后前位,右侧第二弓增大,右心膈角锐利

B、左前斜位,心前缘上段突出或(和)延长

C、右前斜位,心后缘下部向后突出

D、右房增大常发生在房缺

E、右房增大多为室缺所致

12.指出引起左心房增大的疾病( A )

A、风湿性心脏病——二尖瓣狭窄

B、先天性心脏病——房间隔缺损

C、先天性心脏病——Fallot四联症

D、慢性肺源性心脏病

E、早期高血压性心脏病

13.后前位心及大血管平片左心房增大的征象不会有( D )

A、心底部出现双重阴影

B、左心缘出现左心耳弓,故有四个弓

C、右心缘出现双心房(双心缘)影

D、左主支管下压而气管分叉角度小

E、降主动脉左移

14.指出不引起右心室增大的疾病( D )

A、慢性肺原性心脏病

B、先天性心脏病——Fallot四联症

C、先天性心脏病——房间隔缺损

D、高血压性心脏病

E、风湿性心脏病——二尖瓣狭窄

15.左心室增大在心、大血管X线平片(各位置)的表现,错误的是( C )

A、右前斜位60度照片示心前间隙变窄

B、后前位示心尖左下延伸、反搏点上移

C、后前位左室段延长、圆隆并向左扩张

D、左前斜位60度左室仍与脊柱重叠

E、左侧位心后间隙变窄、消失,心后下缘的食管前间隙变窄、消失

16.慢性支气管炎发展为肺心病的主要X线征象为( D )

A、心脏普大

B、左右房大

C、左室大

D、右室大

E、心腰凹陷

17.在侧位胸片上,心后下缘与食管前间隙狭窄或者消失,提示( B )

A、左房大

B、左室大

C、右房大

D、右室大

E、右心衰竭

18.心脏左前斜位片主要观察( B )

A、右房

B、左右室、左房,左主支气管,左肺动脉

C、右无名静脉

D、相反搏动点

E、以上全不是

19.风湿性心脏病最易侵犯的瓣膜是( C )

A、主动脉瓣

B、肺动脉瓣

C、二尖瓣

D、三尖瓣

E、以上都不是

20.指出测量后前位心胸比值划线的叙述,哪一项不正确?( C )

A、胸廓最大横径是右膈顶平面,两侧肋骨内缘之间的最大距离

B、心右侧横径是右心缘最突出点至胸廓中线的垂直距离

C、胸廓最大横径是胸廓内缘最宽处的最大距离

D、心左侧横径是左心缘最突出点至胸廓中线的垂直距离

E、左右侧心横径相加为心横径,除以胸廓最大横径,其比值为心胸比值

21.主动脉型心脏主要反应在哪一房室增大( B )

A、左心房增大

B、左心室增大

C、右心房增大

D、右心室增大

E、双心房增大

22.下列哪种疾病只引起右心室负荷增加?( B )

A、主动脉瓣关闭不全

B、阻塞性肺气肿

C、二尖瓣关闭不全

D、动脉导管未闭

E、贫血性心脏病

23.肺淤血主要的X线征象是哪一项?( A )

A、上肺静脉扩张,下肺静脉缩小或正常

B、肺血管轻度增粗,边缘清晰

C、肺门阴影正常

D、肺野透过度增加

E、以上全不是

24.X线平片显示靴型,心两肺透光度增加,肺野呈网状肺纹理应考虑为( D )

A、室间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压

B、房间隔缺损伴肺动脉高压

C、动脉导管未闭伴肺动脉高压

D、法洛四联症

E、高血压性心脏病

25.指出一般不引起左心室增大疾病( C )

A、高血压性心脏病

B、主动脉瓣关闭不全及狭窄

C、肺源性心脏病

D、风湿性心脏病二尖瓣关闭不全

E、先天性心脏病—动脉导管未闭

26.指出右心房增大在心、大血管X线平片表现错误之处( B )

A、左前斜位右房段延长,超过心前缘长度一半

B、左侧位压迫食管变窄、移位

C、左前斜位右房段膨隆、并与右室成角

D、后前位右房段向右膨隆,最突出点位置较高

E、右前斜位心后缘下段向后突出

27.风湿性心脏病患者,心尖部双期杂音,左心房、左心室和右心室增大,两肺呈淤血征,应诊断为( D )

A、二尖瓣狭窄

B、二尖瓣狭窄伴主动脉瓣关闭不全

C、二尖瓣关闭不全

D、二尖瓣狭窄伴二尖瓣关闭不全

E、主动脉瓣狭窄伴关闭不全

28.典型风湿性心脏病,二尖瓣狭窄应具备下列哪项X线表现?( D )

A、左房大,肺淤血,左室大

B、左房大,肺充血,右室大

C、左房大,肺血正常,右室大

D、左房大,肺淤血,右室大

E、右房大,肺充血,右室正常

29.复杂心及大血管畸形最佳的X线检查方法是( E )

A、高千伏摄影

B、远达X线摄影

C、记波摄影

D、胸部后前位摄影

E、心血管造影

多选题

1.肺动脉高压的X线表现有( A B C E )

A、肺动脉段突出

B、肺动脉分支增粗

C、肺门血管搏动增强

D、左室增大

E、右心增大

2.房间隔缺损的X线表现为( C E )

A、左心房增大

B、左心室增大

C、右心房增大

D、肺动脉缩小

E、右心室增大

3.引起心影普遍增大的疾病有( ABCD )

A、心包积液

B、心肌炎

C、严重贫血性心脏病

D、风湿性心脏病—二尖瓣狭窄及关闭不全伴心衰

E、慢性肺源性心脏病

4.法洛四联症平片的X线表现为( A B C D )

A、靴形心脏

B、右室增大

C、左房不大

D、肺血减少

E、左心室增大

5.关于肺血减少的叙述正确的是( A

C )

A、系肺动脉血流量减少

B、系肺静脉血流量减少

C、常见于法洛四联症

D、常见于房间隔缺损等心脏病

E、肺纹理表现正常

6.指出引起肺多血(肺充血)的心脏病( A B C D )

A、房间隔缺损

B、室间隔缺损

C、动脉导管未闭

D、甲亢性心脏病

E、Fallot四联症

7.哪些属正常人心型( B D E )

A、二尖瓣型

B、横位型

C、靴型

D、斜位型

E、垂直型

8.肺动脉高压可见于( A B C E )

A、室间隔缺损

B、房间隔缺损

C、动脉导管未闭

D、法洛四联症

E、肺源性心脏病

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A。领导人 B。拟办人 C。批办人 D。承办人 10。批办时应严格控制批办( )。 A。程序 B。意见 C。要求 D。范围 11。内含重要的国家秘密,泄露会使国家的安全和利益遭受严重损失的文件,称为( )。A。内部文件 B。秘密文件 C。机密文件 D。绝密文件 12。用强制力推行以规定各种行为规范的文件,称为( )。 A。领导指导性文件 B。规范性文件 C。公布性文件 D。陈述呈请性文件 13。用于对某一项行政工作作比较具体的规定的文件,称为( )。 A。条例 B。规定 C。办法 D。决定 14。用于对重要事项或重大行动作出安排的文件,称为( )。 A。条例 B。决定 C。指 D。命令 15。向级别与本机关相同的有关主管部门请求批准某事项应使用( )。 A。请示 B。报告 C。函 D。请示报告 16。其正文组成与写法和请示相近的函是( )。 A。商洽函 B。询问函 C。答复函 D。请批函 17。撰写通知,除主题集中、重点突出、措施具体外,还要( )。 A。讲求质量 B。讲求简明 C。讲求时效 D。讲求针对性 18。同级或不相隶属的机关之间相互行文时应采取什么行文方式( )。 A。逐级行文 B。直接行文 C。多级行文 D。越级行文 19。公文词语大部分为规范化的( )。 A。普通词语 B。通俗词语

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