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大学英语六级阅读答题技巧

快速阅读答题技巧

在新六级考试大纲新增题型中，快速阅读(Fast Reading)尤其值得注意。所谓快速阅读，就是在有限的时间内找到所需要的信息——既强调速度(Speed)又强调准确度(Accuracy)。熟练掌握快速阅读方法，能够把阅读的目的更直接地投入阅读的过程之中，从而更有效地提高阅读速度，同时也提高了阅读的准确度。这也正是新六级考试大纲所要着重考察的核心。

在快速阅读部分，每一篇文章后面都有10道题，包括4道正误判断题和6道短句填空题，考生需要在有限的1 5分钟内完成快速阅读理解部分的试题，最大程度地了解文章的主题、作者的观点并准确地抓住各部分话题的细节内容。相对而言，在以往的六级考试中对这部分的考察相对薄弱，还缺乏能够有效地指引考生较好地完成该部分试题的答题指导。

快速阅读，就是在有限的时间内找到所需要的信息——既强调速度(Speed)又强调准确度(Accuracy)。根据大纲要求，快速阅读主要考察的技巧是查读(Scanning)和略读(Skimming)。因为熟练掌握这两种阅读方法，能够把阅读的目的更直接地投入到阅读的过程之中，从而更有效地提高阅读速度，同时提高阅读的准确度。因此，提高略读和查读的能力，有助于我们平时学习时快速查找资料或自己所需要的信息。

1) 略读步骤

所谓略读，顾每思义是一种省略的读法。略读，能够让你以最快的速度阅读，选择性地遗漏某些细节内容，目的是获得文章的主旨大意。在回答主旨题目的时候，略读就能派上用场。不仅如此，进行略读有助于我们了解文章的大意、作者的观点，这样对我们做推论题也大有裨益。

这种选择性的阅读方法，特点是“省略细节找主旨”，注重对全文整体内容的把握。但是，这里需要强调，“省略细节”是选择性的省略。因为主旨也是可以从一些细节中透露出来的，所以有些细节是有助于我们掌握大意的。那么在略读的过程中，关键点就是更多地关注并抓住文章中这些标志性的词句，例如文章的标题、章节标题、斜体字、黑体字、每段的开头和结尾、以及文章中能够代表观点的句子。而其他的个别生词和介绍性质的语句(如说明时间、地点等的词汇)则可以略过。

总之，在采用略读方法的时候，往往能够帮助我们确定：文章的主题和作者的观点(属于主旨题)，文章的结构和作者的风格(属于推论题)。而在略读时，可以遵循以下步骤：

a.快速阅读文章第一、二段，抓住文章大意、背景和作者风格，因为作者一般会在文章开头几段概述全文；

b.快速浏览找出每段的中心句和几件事实，抓住一两个关键词，如果文中段落大意没有用一句话总结，就自己归纳出大意，在可能蕴含全文主旨的部分进行仔细阅读；

c.注意转折词和序列词，有助于我们了解文章的脉络；

d.省略不必要的细节内容，从而追求最快的略读速度。

2) 查读步骤

查读是以某个细节的关键词为目标，目光很快地扫过文章，直到发现与问题有关的文字，迅速锁定答案。在回答细节题目的时候(也就是我们通常所说的五个“W”和一个“H"，即What，Who，When，Where，Why，How)，查读的效率之高就突显出来了。

这种有选择性的阅读，特点是“带着问题找答案”，也就是说，在阅读文章之前就已经明白要回答什么样的问题，要找出什么方面的信息，然后带着这些问题进行阅读，在文章中找出某些具体的事实和信息。就像我们查电话号码本一样，可以根据被查询者姓名的开头字母，按字母顺序快速找出电话号码。

这种“带着问题找答案”的方法，关键点就在于要熟悉不同体裁文章中信息的分布特点，就像查电话号码本一样，必须首先了解它是按照字母顺序编排的。否则，如果我们不熟悉这种信息的分布特点，那就很难快速地找到所需信息。例如，我们平时查看报纸上的娱乐版、体育版等等，就必须了解报纸排版的分布特点。这些不同体裁的文章的信息分布特点就是我们在进行阅读，尤其是查读的时候，必须首先了解的内容。

因此，在运用查读技巧的时候，可以遵循以下步骤：

a．首先，确定自己要找的信息：在阅读文章之前，目光快速扫描一遍后面的题目；

b．其次，了解文章的信息分布：可查读各章节小标题进行定位，确定可能含有所需信息的部分；

c．最后，找出所需的具体信息：在已经定位的区域，快速阅读直至锁定答案。

3) 综合步骤

快速阅读题不仅需要我们通过查读方法来回答细节题，同时也需要我们运用略读方法回答主旨题和推论题。因此，我们必须将略读和查读步骤统一起来，综合使用。归纳起来，应有以下步骤：

a．略读文章前一、二段和各小标题，归纳出文章的主旨；(原略读第一步)

b．目光快速扫描一遍文后题目，回答主旨题，确定其他题目关键词；(原查读第一步) c．根据关键词，查读各章节小标题，定位可能含有所需细节信息的部分；(综合原查读和略读第二步)

d．快速通读已经定位的段落，找出与题目相关的句子确定答案；(原查读第三步)

e．对蕴含全文观点的段落进行细读，判断作者态度并进行逻辑推理，完成推论题。

现在就以最新样题中的快速阅读题为例，分析如何在答题步骤中综合运用这两种技巧。Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions：In this part，you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer Sheet 1

For questions1-4，mark

Y(for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage；

N(for NO) if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage；

NG(for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage．

For questions 5-l0, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage．Rainforests

Tropical rainforests are the most diverse ecosystem(生态系统)on Earth，and also the oldest．Today, tropical rainforests cover only 6 percent of the Earth’S ground surface，but they are home to over half of the planet’s plant and animal species．

What Is a Rainforest?

Generally speaking, a rainforest is an environment that receives high rainfall and is dominated by tall trees. A wide range of ecosystems fall into this category, of course. But most of the time when people talk about rainforests, they mean the tropical rainforests located near the equator.

These rainforests receive between 160 and 400 inches of rain per year. The total annual rainfall is spread pretty evenly throughout the year, and the temperature rarely dips below 60 degrees Fahrenheit.

This steady climate is due to the position of rainforests on the globe. Because of the orientation of the Earth's axis, the Northern and Southern hemispheres each spend part of the year tilted away from the sun. Since rainforests are at the middle of the globe, located near the equator, they are not especially affected by this change. They receive nearly the same amount of sunlight, and therefore heat, all year. Consequently, the weather in these regions remains fairly constant.

The consistently wet, warm weather and ample sunlight give plant life everything it needs to thrive. Trees have the resources to grow to tremendous heights, and they live for hundreds, even thousands, of years. These giants, which reach 60 to 150 ft in the air, form the basic structure of the rainforest. Their top branches spread wide in order to capture maximum sunlight. This creates a thick canopy (树冠) level at the top of the forest, with thinner greenery levels underneath. Some large trees grow so tall that they even tower over the canopy layer.

As you go lower, down into the rainforest, you find less and less greenery. The forest floor is made up of moss, fungi, and decaying plant matter that has fallen from the upper layers. The reason for this decrease in greenery is very simple: The overabundance of plants gathering sunlight at the top of the forest blocks most sunlight from reaching the bottom of the forest, making it difficult for robust plants to thrive.

The Forest for the Trees

The ample sunlight and extremely wet climate of many tropical areas encourage the growth of towering trees with wide canopies. This thick top layer of the rainforest dictates the lives of all other plants in the forest. New tree seedlings rarely survive to make it to the top unless some older

trees die, creating a "hole" in the canopy. When this happens, all of the seedlings on the ground

level compete intensely to reach the sunlight.

Many plant species reach the top of the forest by climbing the tall trees. It is much easier to

ascend this way, because the plant doesn't have to form its own supporting structure.

Some plant species, called epiphytes, grow directly on the surface of the giant trees. These plants, which include a variety of orchids and ferns, make up much of the understory, the layer of

the rainforest right below the canopy. Epiphytes are close enough to the top to receive adequate

light, and the runoff from the canopy layer provides all the water and nutrients (养分) they need,

which is important since they don't have access to the nutrients in the ground.

Stranglers and Buttresses

Some epiphytes eventually develop into stranglers. They grow long, thick roots that extend

down the tree trunk into the ground. As they continue to grow, the roots form a sort of web structure all around the tree. At the same time, the strangler plant's branches extend upward, spreading out into the canopy, Eventually, the strangler may block so much light from above, and

absorb such a high percentage of nutrients from the ground below, that the host tree dies.

Competition over nutrients is almost as intense as competition for light. The excessive rainfall

rapidly dissolves nutrients in the soil, making it relatively infertile except at the top layers. For

this reason, rainforest tree roots grow outward to cover a wider area, rather than downward to

lower levels. This makes rainforest trees somewhat unstable, since they don't have very strong anchors in the ground Some trees compensate for this by growing natural buttresses. These buttresses are basically tree trunks that extend out from the side of the tree and down to the ground, giving the tree additional support.

Rainforest trees are dependent on bacteria that are continually producing nutrients in the

ground Rainforest bacteria and trees have a very close, symbiotic (共生的) relationship. The trees

provide the bacteria with food, in the form of fallen leaves and other material, and the bacteria

break this material down into the nutrients that the trees need to survive.

One of the most remarkable things about rainforest plant life is its diversity. The temperate rainforests of the Pacific Northwest are mainly composed of a dozen or so tree species. A tropical rainforest , on the other hand, might have 300 distinct tree species. ;

All Creatures, Great and Small

Rainforests are home to the majority of animal species in the world. And a great number of

species who now live in other environments, including humans, originally inhabited the rainforests. Researchers estimate that in a large rainforest area, there may be more than 10 million different animal species.

Most of these species have adapted for life in the upper levels of the rainforest, where food is

most plentiful. Insects, which can easily climb or fly from tree to tree, make up the largest group

(ants are the most abundant animal in the rainforest). Insect species have a highly symbiotic

relationship with the plan! life in a rainforest. The insects move from plant to plant, enjoying the wealth of food provided there. As they travel, the insects may pick up the plants' seeds, dropping them some distance away. This helps to disperse the population of the plant species over a larger area.

The numerous birds of the rainforest also play a major part in seed dispersal. When they eat fruit from; a plant, the seeds pass through their digestive system. By the time they excrete (排泄) the seeds, the bird' may have flown many miles away from the fruit-bearing tree.

There are also a large number of reptiles and mammals in the rainforest. Since the weather is so hoi and humid during the day, most rainforest mammals are active only at night, dusk or dawn. The many rainforest bat species are especially well adapted for this lifestyle. Using their sonar, bats navigate easily through the mass of trees in the rainforest, feeding on insects and fruit.

While most rainforest species spend their lives in the trees, there is also a lot of life on the forest floor.

Great apes, wild pigs, big cats and even elephants can all be found in rainforests. There are a number of people who live in the rainforests, as well. These tribes—which, up until recently, numbered in the thousands—are being forced out of the rainforests at an alarming rate because of deforestation.

Deforestation

In the past hundred years, humans have begun destroying rainforests at an alarming rate. Today, roughly 1.5 acres of rainforest are destroyed every second. People are cutting down the rainforests in pursuit of three major resources:

? Land for crops

? Lumber for paper and other wood products

? Land for livestock pastures

In the current economy, people obviously have a need for all of these resources. But almost all experts agree that, overtime, we will suffer much more from the destruction of the rainforests than we will benefit.

The world's rainforests are an extremely valuable natural resource, to be sure, but not for their lumber or their land. They are the main cradle of life on Earth, and they hold millions of unique life forms that we have yet to discover. Destroying the rainforests is comparable to destroying an unknown planet—we have no idea what we're losing. If deforestation continues at its current rate, the world's tropical rainforests will be wiped out within 40 years.

Questions:

1. Virtually all plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical rainforests.

2. There is not much change in the weather in the tropical rainforests all the year round.

3. The largest number of rainforests in the world are located on the African continent.

4. Below the canopy level of a tropical rainforest grows an overabundance of plants.

5. New tree seedlings will not survive to reach the canopy level unless _________.

6. Epiphytes, which form much of the understory of the rainforest, get all their water and

nutrients from__________

7. Stranglers are so called because they ______by blocking for the nutrients.

8. Since rainforest bacteria and trees depend on each other for life, the relationship they form is

termed______

9. Plant species are dispersed over a larger area with the help of _________,

10. As we are still ignorant of millions of unique life forms in the rainforest, deforestation can be

compared to the destruction of _______

对试点样卷的详细解答如下：

1 N.细节题。文章第一段综述了“热带雨林是地球上最古老、最具多态性的生态系统。如今

热带雨林仅占地表面积6%，但它却是一半以上的地球生物的家园。”对照第一段第二句“but”后面的“they are home to over half of the planet’s plant and animal species"与题目中的Virtually all plant and animal species on Earth can be found in tropical rainforests"可以知道“over half of”与“virtually all”是有出入的。

2．Y．细节题。本题考查热带雨林的全年天气情况。文章第四段的首句谈到了热带雨林的气候：“This steadv climate is due to the position of rainforests on the globe"，注意这儿用了“steady"一词。在第四段的结尾得出本段的总结句“Consequently，the weather in these regions remains fairlv constant．’注意这儿又用了“constant”，意为“持续不变的”。3．NG．推断题。快速浏览各小标题可以发现，文中并没有专门谈到热带雨林在各大洲的分布情况。第二段最后一句谈到了“热带雨林主要分布在赤道两侧”，但这并不能推断出“世界上大部分热带雨林位于非洲大陆”。

4．N．细节题。此题的信息词是“canopy”和“overabundance of plants”。不难找出在第五段倒数第二句出现了“canopy”这个词，阅读此句会发现一个很重要的词“thinner”。也就可以知道“树冠下的植被并不茂密”。第六段的最后一句话对此作出了解释。故可以得出“树冠下并没有生长着茂密的植被”。

5．some older trees die.根据题中“tree seedlings”可以定位到文中小标题“The Forest for the Trees”，此部分第一段第三句与此题一致，可以直接得出答案。

6．the canopy layer.此题的信息词为“epiphytes”，“water"，“nutrients”。文中第一次出现“epiphytes(附生植物)”这个词在小标题“The Forest for the Trees”下面的第三段第一句话，再往下快速浏览，会找到“water”，“nutrients"等词，答案也就很容易找到了。7．kill the host tree.此题关键词是“the strangler”。根据关键词在文中找到小标题“Stranglers and Buttresses”下面的内容，此部分的第一段结尾处解释了“Stranglers”的摧毁作用与原因，尤其注意“that the host tree dies”。本题的叙述只是换了一种说法。

8．Symbiotic.根据题目中关键词“rainforest bacteria"，“trees"，“the relationship”可以在“Stranglers and Buttresses”部分的第三段的第一、二句话中找到对应的说法“Rainforest bacteria and trees have a very close，symbiotic(共生的)relationship．”

9．insects and birds. 从本题的信息词“plant species”可以定位到文中小标题“All Creatures，Great and Small”部分去找答案，根据信息词“dispersed over a larger area”不难在本部分第二段最后一句和第三段首句找出答案，即“昆虫和鸟儿"在植物种子散布方面起到重要的作用。

10．an unknown planet.本题信息词“deforestation"提示我们答案应该在本文的小标题“Deforestation”部分。从倒数第一段的倒数第二句“Destroying the rainforests is comparable to destroying an unknown planet--we have no idea what we’re losing．"可以找到答案。

从以上题目可知，出题顺序与原文顺序一致。因此，考生在做题时，可以按题号顺序做题，依次在文中寻找答案。下一题的答案一般都在上一题的答案之后出现。从题目类型看，快速阅读题的4道正误判断题，一般由主旨题、细节题和推论题构成。细节题，就是针对文章的具体内容设计的；主旨题，主要是对文章的大意、作者的观点进行正误判断。推论题，就是对文章的结论、作者的态度和文章的逻辑进行推理。不同类型的考题，可选用不同的阅读方法找到答案(见快速阅读解题步骤)。另外6道短句填空题，则是具体针对某一部分内容出题，相对集中在某个小标题下面的几个段落。在做快速阅读的时候，需要注意一些做题细节，同时还必须避免一些误区。

1) 对号入座

正误判断题：如果题目使用的是原文的同义词、同义表达法以及对原文的简单归纳或者题目表达的范畴小于原文范畴(即原文内容包含题目)，应判断为Y；如果题目使用的是原文的反义词、反义表达法、信息与原文相矛盾或者题目表达的范畴大于原文范畴(即原文内容不包含题目)，应判断为N；如果是原文未提及的内容、混淆了的事实和非事实(如愿望、想法等)，应判断为NG。特别需要注意的是，推论题经常会出现原文未提及的内容或在原文中找不到依据。所以做推论题时特别要小心判断NG的情况。’

短句填空题：依据题目中的关键词，在原文中找答案。大多数情况下，题．目的句子结构与原文句子结构几乎一样，只要确定了关键词，就能快速定位答案。但有些情况，如题目改变单词词性或者句子结构作了调整(如动词变形容词，状语成分变成定语从等)，这对我们定位答案并无太大影响，只要确定其在文中的位置，也能获得答案。在做短句填空的时候，一定要注意填数字的题目别忘了带上单位，比如“￥，$，mile，F，C，km／h”等。2) 必须以原文为依据

切记：原文是我们答题时的唯一判断依据。不能凭空猜想或借助自己已有的知识。

这一点在区分N还是NG时显得格外重要，考生经常在这里失分。就算自己的知识储备相当

全面，但是原文中没有提及，也只能回答NG，而不是N。

3) 注意修饰性词汇

在回答细节题的时候，题目经常会使用修饰性的词汇。最常见的有：both，only，all，never，always，usually，等等。在时间有限的压力下，考生们经常会匆匆掠过答案所在的段落，来不及仔细分析其中的确切含义。在回答细节题目的时候，往往不注意这些修饰性的小词，导致判断失误。因此，当出现这些词的时候，考生要高度警惕。大部分的情况下，出现这些词的细节题答案是N，当然并非绝对。

4) 不要过度推断

过度推断的情况，大多出现在回答主旨题和推论题的时候。因为这两类题目需要考生在原文基础上适度地思考推理，才能得出正确答案。而考生经常掌握不好这个“度”，要不就是推错了方向，要不就是推理得太深，导致该回答Y的时候，错答成了N。

5) 平时训练

在平时训练快速阅读时，除了灵活运用查读和略读技巧之外，还要有意识地训练自己的短期记忆能力和眼睛移动的技能。由于我们需要“带着问题找答案”，所以要靠短期记忆记住题目或题目关键词，进行阅读。如果我们短期记忆不够好，阅读完了又忘了题目，再去看题定位，速度没有了，准确度更是谈不上了。至于眼睛移动(Eye Movement)技巧，则是通过训练来增加我们眼睛每次在纸上停留时的跨度(Eye Span)，即提高每次能看到的单词数量，这样在阅读同一段文字的时候，能够减少眼睛停留的次数，从而达到提高阅读速度的目的。

6) 避免错误情况

在进行快速阅读时，有些错误情况需要避免。如：边看边读出声音；边看边用笔指着；心里默念；逐字阅读等。这些错误方法都会影响我们的阅读速度。

仔细阅读答题技巧

1 选择题型的篇章阅读理解

这部分是考生们最为熟悉的四选一的选择题。新老试卷最大的区别就是由原来的四篇文章二十道题变为两篇文章十道题。而其他方面无论是选材的特点，文章的长度，出题的思路，解题的技巧都秉承了传统，考生们还是应该根据历年的真题，好好复习。从样题看，主要还是考察考生的两大能力，即抓住主题和定位原文。要求考生读完一篇文章之后，能够抓住文章的主题，然后根据题干中的中心词迅速返回原文定位到某一句话，最后根据同义改写的原则，选出正确答案。

传统阅读题，在体裁上包含了常所用的各种文体，如记叙文、说明文、议论文、人物传记、新闻报道等。考题类型一般有细节题、主旨题、词义辨析题和推论题。而各类题目大都有自己的惯用句式。这些句式可以帮助考生了解考点是什么，要使用什么方法找到答案。所以，熟悉一些惯用句式对我们是非常有益的。现将惯用句式列举如下：

1)细节题．

Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?

All the following statements are mentioned in the passage except that_____________

According to the passage，who(when，where，what，why，etc．)……..?

2)主旨题

The major point discussed in the passage is____________

The best title for this passage would be________________

The passage tells us___________

The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to_______

3)词义推测题

The phrase“………….”most probably means__________

The phrase“…………..”in the context means___________

The word“……………”in Line X refers to_____________

Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence“…………”?

4)推论题

It can be inferred／indicated from the passage that___________

It can be concluded from the passage that___________________

What is the a uthor’s attitude towards the……….?

The example of…………is given to illustrate that____________-

在了解完题型分类之后，我们就要弄清做题顺序。实际上，要做好传统阅读题，还是需要将查读、略读和细读结合在一起。具体答题步骤如下：

a．仔细阅读文章第一段和最后一段。这两段通常会概括文章的主旨，也就是文后主旨题的答案。，

b．回答主旨题。在看完两段话之后，可以先回答后面的主旨题。

c．查读文后细节题。根据文后题目，在文中找寻关键词。这些关键词有助于我们找到所需信息在文中的位置，完成细节题和词义推测题。

d. 略读文章。抓住文章里的标志性语言，段首句和段尾句(同“略读解题方法”)等，完成推论题。

2 篇章层次的词汇理解(Banked Cloze)或简答(Short Answer Questions)

1)篇章选词题

这种新题型，对于众多考生而言，既陌生又有一定的难度，具有较强的区分度。从样题看，篇章选词题在一篇长度为250—300个单词左右的文章当中去除了10个单词，后面提供15个单词选项，要求考生选择正确的单词填入文章。该部分测试重点在于把握文章的结构，主要考察考生对诸如连贯性、一致性、逻辑联系等语篇、语段整体特征的把握以及单词在实

际语境中的理解，即要求考生在理解全文的基础上了解文章的宏观结构，理解掌握具体的单词。新题型并口原本的词汇题相比，更注重实际运用，从对单一的一句话的考察上升到对篇章的理解。

篇章词汇部分，与完型填空有些相似，都是从备选答案中选出一词填入短文中。但是，很大程度上不同于完型填空的是，篇章词汇题侧重对短文的整体把握，侧重句子层次上实词的运用(包括句子内、句子之间和段落层次间)，而非单词层次上的理解(如词义、语法等细节上的区分)。从这一点看，篇章词汇理解题与快速阅读的目的是一致的，即强调考生对阅读篇章的整体理解。

要做好篇章词汇理解测试这类题型，要求考生对文章整体能够细致理解与快速把握，需要运用查读和略读的方法。略读是要抓住文章的中心思想，而查读则是重点关注选择项的词性。可以遵循以下步骤：

1)答题前：

a．略读全文，抓住文章的主题——重点关注每段段首句和段末句；

b．查读选择项，根据词性对选项进行分类。

如以下练习：

Nature has a perfect system for recycling water．Water is used again and again．It falls as rain．Then it goes to one of three places．It might seep___1__through the soil as it soaks through into the natural reservoirs underground．It might____2___into the air by evaporating quickly．It might run off into streams to rivers and to the oceans．

There is a problem with this recycling system．It is a balance that can be easily upset by people．Nature’s__3__system can work well only if people work with the system-not against it．Some ways that people interfere with nature are___4___to understand．Dirty sewage water from homes and factories must not___5___with drinking water．People would get____6__from drinking dirty water．

There are other ways that people___7___ nature．Some of these ways are not SO easy to understand．For example，a marshy bog may not be good for everything，but it serves an important purpose．The soft，wet soil of a bog allows water to___8___the underground reservoirs．What happens to the balance of nature if the bog is filled in? Many housing development projects have been built where____9___once were．The____10___of the houses are likely to have problems．They are likely to water，to flood in rainy seasons．Huge storm sewers are built to carry away with the water from wet areas．These huge pipes prevent wet basements in the house of the community.

A) mix I) marshes

B) reach J) easy

C) disappear K)hinder

D) join L) basements

E) greatly M) benefit

F) slowly N) recycling

G）sick O) water

H) quality

根据词性分类，选项中有5个名词、6个动词、2个形容词和2个副词。5个名词是H)、I)、L)、N)、O)；6个动词是A)、B)、C)、D)、K)、M)；2个形容词是G)、J)；2个副词是E)、F)。其中N)为动名词

2）答题时：

a．分析填空处，选择合适的单词——根据空处的前后确定空处单词的词性、单复数及时态，

b．重读全文，注意上下文的连贯——将10处空填完后，再完整地把文章看一遍。

下面是对这部分的解答：

1．F.此空要求填副词。此句的意思是“水渗透进土壤就像是浸透进天然的地下水库”。选项中的副词“greatly'’表示“非常"、“很”，不符合原意，故选F项。

2．C．此空要求填动词。“通过快速的蒸发，水……在空中"。此空应表示“消失”的意思。

故选C项。

3．N.此空要求填名词。根据上下文可知，本段的第一句也提到“recycling system"。故选N 项。

4．J.此空要求填形容词。此空应该在略读全文之后，根据第三段的内容做出选择。此空之后的两句话就证明了此句的观点：非常容易理解。第三段第二句话“Some of these ways are not so easy to understand”就是本空的依据。故选J项。

5．A．此空要求填后面接“with”的动词。从文中可知此旬话的意思是“家里和工厂排出的污水不能和引用水混合在一起”。故选A项.

6．G.根据上下文，可以知道，“如果人们喝了污水会生病"，在选项中只有“sick'’能表示此意。故选G项.

7．K.此空要求填动词。此空也必须根据第三段的大意做出选择。从第三段的例子可以知道，第三段主要是说人类破环水循环带来的后果。所以第三段的中心句，即第三段第一句所表示的意思应该是“人们还通过其他的方式破坏环境”。故选K项。

8. B .次空要求填动词。“沼泽里松软湿润的能够让水流进地下库”。选型中还有“reach”,“join”和“benefit”三个动词，只有“reach”符合文义。

9. I. 此空要求填复数形式的名词。根据上下文可知，“在曾经是沼泽地的地方，建了很多住房开发项目。”故选I项。

10.L．此空要求填名词。从第三段的大意可知，在原来是沼泽地的位置建房子，房子的底座

就容易出问题。选项中只有“basements”符合文意。故选L项。

从题目选项的角度看，做题顺序无需与出题顺序一致。由于所有选项只能使用一次，而且改变形式，所以主要还是根据词性，同词性的空格可以放在一起考虑，结合上下文的逻辑关系，利用排除法不断缩小范围。这样可以快速有效的完成此题。

篇章选词题答题原则

篇章词汇理解

(1)答题顺序．

篇章词汇题有别于快速阅读。快速阅读的正误判断题通常是按照文章的顺序从前往后排列的，所以按题目顺序做题会快捷方便。篇章词汇题则不然，完全可以按照不同的词性，将备选项分类到各个空处，缩小选择的范围，然后根据逻辑关系筛选单词。还要注意的是，一个词只能使用一次，所以已经选择过的选项，在填下一空时应不予考虑。

(2) 分辨混淆项

这是篇章词汇题的考点和难点。由于备选项有15个，只有10个是我们需要的正确答案，因此多余的5个将是混淆项。这5个词很有可能与正确答案构成反义词、近义词、不同时态的词或者是单词的单复数形式。反义词主要考核我们对文章结构的理解、语境的把握(包括作者的态度等)；近义词主要看我们对词汇的具体掌握情况(包括搭配，是否能加不定式、接什么介词等)；不同时态的词则是考查对全文的整体掌握及对上下文逻辑关系的理解(根据样题，此题对考生不做选项改写要求，所以我们可以根据上下文时态对应的原则考虑，同时也给自己进一步缩小选择范围)。

(3) 考虑词性

如果选项中出现代词，要注意指代成立的条件，该选项往往不能放在首句。如果选项为连词，要关注上下句内在的逻辑关系。常见的逻辑关系有：因果、并列平行、递进、对比、前后意思一致等。

2)简答题

大学英语六级考试要求学生阅读一篇长度为400—450词的文章，然后回答文后的5道简答题。此题型很早的时候曾出现过，属于主观题的一种，学生并不陌生。简答题主要是考查学生对篇章的理解能力、书面表达能力和概括能力。从《大学英语六级考试大纲(2006年修订版)》对简答题的要求和大学英语六级考试样卷简答题分析来看，简答题的答案要求控制在10个单词以内。

简答题考察的是考生对文章整体的理解以及表达能力。因此我们也可以运用查读和略读的方法。略读是要抓住文章的中心思想，而查读则是重点关注需要补全的或简答的句子。

(1)答题前：

a 略读全文，抓住文章的主题——重点关注每段段首句和段末句；

b 查读简答项，根据细节提示补全句子或根据要求简要回答问题。

以下是试点考试样卷中的简答题：

Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.

America is a country that now sits atop the cherished myth that work provides rewards, that working people can support their families. It's a myth that has become so divorced from reality that it might as well begin with the words "Once upon a time". Today 1.6 million New Yorkers suffer from "food insecurity", which is a fancy way of saying they don't have enough to eat. Some are the people who come in at night and clean the skyscrapers that glitter along the river. Some pour coffee and take care of the aged parents of the people who live in those buildings. The American Dream for the well-to-do grows from the bowed backs of the working poor, who too often have to choose between groceries and rent,

In a new book called The Betrayal of Work, Beth Shulman says that even in the booming 1990s one out of every four American workers made less than ＄8, 70 an hour. An income equal to the government's poverty level for a family of four. Many, if not most, of these workers had no health care, sick pay or retirement provisions.

We ease our consciences, Shulman writes, by describing these people as "low skilled". As though they're not important or intelligent enough to deserve more. But low-skilled workers today are better educated than ever before, and they constitute the linchpin (关键) of American industry. When politicians crow (得意洋洋的说) that happy days are here again because jobs are on the rise, it's these jobs they're really talking about. Five of the 10 occupations expected to grow big in the next decade are in the lowest-paying job groups. And before we sit back and decide that's just the way it is, it' instructive to consider he rest of the world. While the bottom 10 percent of American workers earn just 37 percent of our average wage, their counterparts in other industrialized countries earn upwards of 60 percent. And those are countries that provide health care and child care, which eases the economic pinch considerably.

Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a house in the suburbs felt prosperous. Today that same family may well feel poor, overwhelmed by credit-card debt, a second mortgage and the cost of the stuff that has become the backbone of American life. When the middle class feels poor, the poor have little chance for change ,or even recognition.

Questions:

1. By saying "it might as well begin with the words 'Once upon a time' " (Line 3, Para. 1), the

author suggests that the American myth is _____________.

2. What is the American Dream of the well-to-do built upon?

3. Some Americans try to make themselves feel less guilty by attributing the poverty of the

working people to_________.

4. We learn from the passage that the difference in pay between the lowest paid and the average

worker in America is ________________ than that in other industrialized countries.

5. According to the author, how would an American family with a car and a house in the suburbs

probably feel about themselves today?

(2) 答题时：

a 注意很多细节题，问答题与原文细节只是换了一种说法，或者用了意思相近的词，或者

是同位语从句、定语从句的再述。例如：第1题问“美国神话是什么？”，原文中对应的句子为第一段的第二句“It is a myth that has become so divorced from reality that it might as well begin with the words ‘Once upon a time .’”再如，第2题简答的句子结构为“…..is built upon ….”, 和原文中对应的句子为第一段最后一句“The American Dream for the well-to-do grows from the bowed backs of the working poo r”,此处，"grows from..."与"is built upon..."属于同义短语。还有第3题也是属于这类。题中"attributing the poverty of the working people to"对应原文中第三段第一句中"by describing these people as 'low skilled' "

b 注意作答时的语法要求。例如第4题用了比较级，所以可以根据语法现象得知此处应该

填形容词的比较级。从文中倒数第三段第二句"While the bottom 10 percent of American workers earn just 37 percent of our average wage, their counterparts in other industrialized countries earn upwards of 60 percent.”可以知道，此处应该填“much greater“。这类题需要理解简答项涉及的细节，然后根据语法来作答。

c 注意简答题往往是在文中原话基础上的再表述，而答案是直接的。例如第5题，文章最后

一段第一句和第二句是这样的："Almost 40 years ago, when Lyndon Johnson declared war on poverty, a family with a car and a house in the suburbs felt prosperous. Today that same family may Well feel poor，overwhelmed by credit-card debt…"这是一个对比句，以前感觉比较富裕，而现在则觉得穷。

d．由于简答题要求答案最好不要超过l0个单词，考生在答题时直接在答题纸上写需要的答案即可，切记不要太啰唆。

简答题答题原则

简答题

(1) 理解到位，把握中心思想

篇章简答首先也是要求考生对一篇文章的中心思想能够准确把握。中心思想的捕捉主要

有两个方面，一是根据上文所提到的关键词，二就是要重视文章的首段，从考过的CET6简答题中不难得出结论，绝大部分文章的主题句都在文章的开头处。

(2) 题区判定

除了主旨题和作者的观点及态度题之外，其他的题目都是针对某一个具体的段落、句子或短语和单词来设计的。这就要求考生在拿到一道题目的时候，快速找到题目所涉及的文章具体位置，以免浪费时间不得要领。

(3) 细节选择

细节选择可以是对题区判定的另一个说法，也可以是对它的进一步深入。既然是一个题区，它所包含的范围势必相对过大，有时候使考生的答题看似有据可依；而实际上又无从下手。圈定所要答题的具体细节，是拨开迷雾的唯一方法。

(4) 重点归纳

归纳能力不仅仅体现在归纳题本身，其他题目都或多或少地考察了考生的重点归纳能力。纵观大学英语六级考试简答题所给出的题目，其中所要求的答案能从文章本身照搬的少之又少。这就要求考生善于抓住重点进行归纳总结。

(5) 准确表达意思，避免重复、繁琐以及画蛇添足

由于大学英语六级考试简答题在字数上的限制(按以往的评分标准，超过10个词是要扣分的)，考生在回答问题时一定要语言精炼，抓住核心内容，准确表达。。

(6) 注意提问方式和答案的协调性

不难理解，如果文章用“why"来提问，考生的第一反应就应该是用“because”引导的从句来作答。如果是补全一个句子，直接补全就可以了。

(7) 合乎语法、拼写、标点规则

在作答时要使句子合乎语法规则，注意单词的拼写、开头字母的大写以及标点符号等。注：做篇章问答时，注意把握时间。不要啰嗦复述，拖泥带水，一定要言简意赅，直接回答提出的问题即可。总之，简洁明了是篇章问答的关键。

大学英语六级选词填空应试技巧

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2.比较的错误：比较对象、比较内容、比较结果的错误。 3.否定的错误：否定对象被扩大或者偷换。 4.无中生有：原文中没有提到的内容。英语六级仔细阅读解题步骤一、细节题 1.仔细阅读题目，弄清题目的具体要求，以及所给4个选项。 2.在题目或选项中确定关键词，再利用关键词回文章中定位，找出文章中相对应的细节性句子，与4个选项进行对照，以确定正确答案。二、主旨题 1.确定文章有无主题句，以及主题句在文章中的位置。 2.如有主题句，就能很容易确定文章或段落的主题。 3.如没有明显的'主题句，就带着问题细读文章的首段和尾段找出其中心，抓住每个段落的主题句，明确文章的中心思想。三、推理题 1.对某个细节进行推断---先在文中找到该细节所在的句子，在正确理解该句的基础上推断出未知的事实。 2.根据文章推测作者的观点、目的、态度和思路---先确定文章的中心思想，再根据中心和作者所陈述的事实及细节进行推断。 3.推断文章中没出现的前一段或下一段的内容---仔细阅读并理解了文章内容的基础上，重点分析文章的首、尾两段尤其是文章的开始句和结束句。四、语义题 1.找到该词或短语所在的句子。

大学英语六级阅读理解及答案

Reading Comprehension for CET 6 Passage 1 In the 1962 movie Lawrence of Arabia,one scene shows an American newspaper reporter eagerly snapping photos of men looting a sabotaged train.One of the looters,Chief Auda abu Tayi of the Howeitat clan,suddenly notices the camera and snatches it.Am I in this?he asks,before smashing it open.To the dismayed reporter,Lawrence explains,He thinks these things will steal his virtue.He thinks you're a kind of thief. As soon as colonizers and explorers began taking cameras into distant lands,stories began circulating about how indigenous peoples saw them as tools for black magic.The ignorant natives may have had a point.When photography first became available,scientists welcomed it as a more objective way of recording faraway societies than early travelers' exaggerated accounts.But in some ways,anthropological photographs reveal more about the culture that holds the camera than the one that stares back.Up into the 1950s and 1960s,many ethnographers sought pure pictures of primitive cultures,routinely deleting modern accoutrements such as clocks and Western dress.They paid men and women to re-enact rituals or to pose as members of war or hunting parties,often with little regard for veracity.Edward Curtis,the legendary photographer of North American Indians,for example,got one Makah man to pose as a whaler with a spear in 1915--even though the Makah had not hunted whales in a generation. These photographs reinforced widely accepted stereotypes that indigenous cultures were isolated,primitive,and unchanging.For instance,National Geographic magazine's photographs have taught millions of Americans about other cultures.As Catherine Lutz and Jane Collins point out in their 1993 book Reading National Geographic,the magazine since its founding in 1888 has kept a tradition of presenting beautiful photos that don't challenge white,middle-class American conventions.While dark-skinned women can be shown without tops,for example,white women's breasts are taboo.Photos that could unsettle or disturb,such as areas of the world torn asunder by war or famine,are discarded in favor of those that reassure,to conform with the society's stated pledge to present only kindly visions of foreign societies.The result,Lutz and Collins say,is the depiction of an idealized and exotic world relatively free of pain or class conflict. Lutz actually likes National Geographic a lot.She read the magazine as a child,and its lush imagery influenced her eventual choice of anthropology as a career.She just thinks that as people look at the photographs of other cultures,they should be alert to the choice of composition and images. 1.The main idea of the passage is______________. [A]Photographs taken by Western explorers reflect more Westerners’ perception of the indigenous cultures and the Western values. [B]There is a complicated relationship between the Western explorers and the primitive peoples. [C]Popular magazines such as National Geographic should show pictures of the exotic and idealized worlds to maintain high sales. [D]Anthropologists ask the natives to pose for their pictures,compromising the truthfulness of their pictures. 2.We can infer from the passage that early travelers to the native lands often_________. [A]took pictures with the natives [B]gave exaggerated accounts of the native lands

大学英语六级翻译解题技巧

大学英语六级翻译解题技巧新六级中，写作和翻译部分分值比例为20％。其中，写作部分15％，翻译部分5％。翻译部分测试的是句子、短语或常用表达层次上的中译英能力。和其他翻译考试不同（例如考研的翻译考察的是篇章结构中局部句子的英译汉），六级翻译将很少涉及翻译的深层技巧与文化背景知识。因此，虽然该部分以汉译英的命题形式出现，考点的实质仍是基础知识，如果考生备考时能够牢固掌握核心的词汇、语法等知识点，拿到汉译英部分分数应该是相对容易的。但是需要注意到的是，汉译英部分的做题时间只有5分钟，这就意味着考生必须对知识点掌握足够熟练，满足考题在测试速度上的要求。总之，就新六级中只占5％的翻译而言，它的实质是变相的测试词汇、语法和短语结构。考生无需钻研翻译技能和英美文化背景知识。解题步骤：第一步：首先快速浏览句子，先看英语不看汉语，从而判断划线处所填句子的形式、时态。所谓形式包括： 1. 词组固定搭配(不定式短语、分词短语、动名词、句子等); 2. 虚拟; 3. 被动所谓时态是指：根据前后已经给出的英语句子判断所填英语句子的时态。第二步：看括号里面的汉语句子，以核心谓语动词为切入点，找准主谓宾、分清定状补。第三步：先翻译主谓宾、后翻译定状补，切块对应翻译，重新组合。动词注意时态，名词注意单复数。考生应该注意以下几种虚拟语气的形式：第一种：由“ if ”引导的虚拟句子 (1). 与现在的事实相反：[If --- + were/did---, --- + would do---] If I were you, I would marry him. 如果我是你,就会嫁给他。 (2). 与过去的事实相反：[If --- + had done---, --- +would have done---] If you had worked hard , you would have passed the exam.如果你用功学习,就会通过考试了。 (3). 与将来的事实可能相反：[If ---+ should do---, ---+ would do---] If it should rain tomorrow, what would you do? 如果明天下雨,你怎么办? 第二种：用在表示要求、建议、命令等的名词从句中从句谓语形式为：“---(should ) + do sth” (在美语中should常省去) 。类似用法的动词有：insist (坚持) , suggest (建议) , order(命令) , propose (建议) , demand (要求) , command (命令) , advise (建议) , desire (要求、请求) , request (请求) , require (需要、要求) , ask (要求) , prefer (宁愿), recommend(推荐) , arrange ( 安排) , advocate ( 拥护、提倡) ,maintain(坚决主张)等后面的宾语从句中。第三种：在“It is important (necessary, strange, natural) that ....” 句型中，that从句中的谓语动词用should + 动词原形其他类似的词还有“It + be + important (necessary , natural , essential , strange , absurd , amazing , annoying , desirable, surprising , vital , advisable , anxious , compulsory , crucial , imperative , eager , fitting , possible , impossible , improper , obligatory , probable , preferable , strange , urgent 等, 以及insisted , suggested , ordered , requested , arranged , recommended 等) + that ---” 第四种：用在It is time that --- 结构中, 从句的动词必须用过去时以表示实际上还未做到，意思则指现在或将来，that一词可以省略，意思是“早该”或“该”。

大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案

大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案导读：我根据大家的需要整理了一份关于《大学英语六级阅读理解练习及答案》的内容，具体内容：下面是我给大家整理的，希望对大家有帮助。Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had ... 下面是我给大家整理的，希望对大家有帮助。 Laziness is a sin(罪), everyone knows that. We have probably all had lectures pointing out that laziness is immoral, that it is wasteful, and that lazy people will never amount to anything in life. But laziness can be more harmful than that, and it is often caused by more complex reasons rather than simple wish to avoid work. Some people who appear to be lazy are suffering from much more serious problems. They may be so distrustful of their fellow workers that they are unable to join in any group task for fear of ridicule or of having their idea stolen. These people who seem lazy may be ruined by a fear of failure that prevents fruitful work. Or other sorts of fantasies (幻想) may prevent work; some people are so busy planning, sometimes planning great deals of fantastic achievements that they are unable to deal with whatever "lesser" work is on hand. Still other people are not avoiding work; strictly speaking, they are merely procrastinating rescheduling their day.

2013年12月大学英语六级改革后的段落翻译(汉译英)练习与解析及解题技巧

自2013年12月考试起，全国大学英语六级考试的翻译部分将由原单句汉译英调整为段落汉译英，翻译内容涉及中国的历史、文化、经济、社会发展等题材，文章长度为180-200个汉字。以下是大学英语六级考试翻译部分的大纲样题：中国新年是中国最重要的传统节日，在中国也被称为春节。新年的庆祝活动从除夕开始一直延续到元宵节（the Lantern Festival），即从农历（lunar calendar）最后一个月的最后一天至新年第一个月的第十五天。各地欢度春节的习俗和传统有很大差异，但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。为驱厄运、迎好运，家家户户都会进行大扫除。人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets），对联的主题为健康、发财和好运。其他的活动还有放鞭炮、发红包和探访亲友等。首先，这段关于中国春节的小文章难词较多，比如“传统”、“庆祝活动”、“除夕”、“延续”、“习俗”、“年夜饭”、“厄运”、“大扫除”“主题”、“放鞭炮”、“发红包”等等，这些词有的比较抽象，有的不太常见，或者有的是中国特有的说法，英文中没有明确对应的词，考生在翻译时应该抓住词的根本意思。其次，长句也较多，考生要想把它翻译准确、通顺，不仅需要单词量和单词拼写过关，还需要掌握语法，分析句子成分，学会中英文转换的技巧。如果说原来的大学英语六级考试的翻译部分需要考生掌握词和句的翻译，将信息进行简单的一对一式的传输的话，那么现在的大学英语六级考试的翻译部分则要求考生以词、句的翻译为基础，扩大到对整体段落的翻译的把握，与之前考查的句子翻译完全不同了。第二部分：翻译技巧为了帮助广大考生从容应对翻译题型，我们将分别从词、句的翻译角度进行分析，帮助考生掌握翻译技巧和要点。（一）词的翻译 1.词义选择所谓词义选择，是指词本来就有这个意思，问题是要我们将其在特定场合的正确意思选出来。正确选词是保证译文质量的重要环节，如果能做到在词语意义和字面形式上都对等当然最好，如果不能兼顾，则取意义，舍形式。越是普通的词，越是拥有繁多的释义和搭配，翻译过程中的词义也就越难以确定。选词时，要注意词义的广狭、所处的语境、词义的褒贬和感情色彩。 Eg1: 【原文】但通常每个家庭都会在除夕夜团聚，一起吃年夜饭。【译文】However, New Year’s Eve is usually an occasion for Chinese families to gather for the annual reunion dinner. 【分析】“年夜饭”此处实际就是每年一度的团圆饭，为了让译文更符合英语国家的习惯，这里用的是annual reunion dinner，理解起来更容易。 Eg2: 【原文】人们还会在门上粘贴红色的对联（couplets）…… 【译文】And doors will be decorated with red couplets... 【分析】原文中“粘贴”的意思其实就是用对联装饰门窗，如果直译的话表达不出真实的意图，因此这里用了“decorate”，表意更直接。 2.词类转换

大学英语六级阅读理解练习5篇

1 There was on shop in the town of Mufulira，which was notorious for its color bar. It was a drugstore. While Europeans were served at the counter，a long line of Africans queued at the window and often not only were kept waiting but，when their turn came to be served，were rudely treated by the shop assistants. One day I was determined to make a public protest against this kind of thing，and many of the schoolboys in my class followed me to the store and waited outside to see what would happen when I went in. I simply went into the shop and asked the manager politely for some medicine. As soon as he saw me standing in the place where only European customers were allowed to stand he shouted at me in a bastard language that is only used by an employed when speaking to his servants. I stood at the counter and politely requested in English that I should be served. The manager became exasperated and said to me in English，“If you stand there till Christmas I will never serve you.” I went to the District commissioner's office. Fortunately the District Commissioner was out，for he was one of the old school；however，I saw a young District Officer who was a friend of mine. He was very concerned to hear my story and told me that if ever I wanted anything more from the drugstore all I had to do was come to him personally and he would buy my medicine for me. I protested that that was not good enough. I asked him to accompany me back to the store and to make a protest to the manager. This he did，and I well remember him saying to the manager，“Here is Mr. Kaunda who is a responsible member of the Urban Advisory Council，and you treat him like a common servant.” The manager of the drugstore apologized and said，“If only he had introduced himself and explained who he was，then，of course I should have given him proper service.” I had to explain once again that he had missed my point. Why should I have to introduce myself every time I went into a store…any more than I should have to buy my medicine by going to a European friend？I want to prove that any man of any color，whatever his position，should have the right to go into any shop and buy what he wanted. 1.“Color bar” in the first paragraph comes closest in meaning to ___. A.a bar which is painted in different colors. B.the fact that white and black customers are served separately. C.a bar of chocolate having different colors. D.a counter where people of different colors are served with beer. 2.The writer was，at the time of the story，___. A.a black school teacher B.an African servant C.a black，but a friend of Europeans D.a rich black