2014湖北高考英语专项训练阅读理解27

2014高考英语冲刺阅读理解专项 50-27

A

An overweight, middle-aged man lies dead on a trolley, with a woman weeping over his body. The body' s cold hand still grasps a half-eaten McDonald ’ s hamburger. American doctors‘ TV ad features the image which weakens the slighte st of appetites and the line ’ I was lovin ’ it ’ The hard-hitting US television commercial supported by a Washington-based medical group has angered McDonald ’ s by taking an unusually direct shot at the world ’ s biggest fast-food chain this week. The line is a twist on McDonald’ s long-standing advertising slogan, "I'm lovin’ it” and a voiceover intones:“High cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. Tonight, make it vegetarian.”

The commercial,funded by the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine ( PCRM goes further than most non-profit advertising and has drawn an angry reaction from both the Chicago-based hamburger multinational and the broader restaurant industry.

The National Restaurant Association criticised it as "irresponsible" and said it was an attempt to scare the public with a ‘‘limited” view of nutrition. A McDonald’ s spokesman said:‘‘This commercial is unbearable, misleading and unfair to all consumers. McDonald ’ s trusts our customers to make food and lifestyle choices that a re right for them. ”

The commercial,to be aired at the beginning in the Washington area but potentially in fuither US cities, comes amid an increasingly lively

has debate in the US about healthy eating. The first lady, Michelle Obama

r made nutrition a signature issue and is leading a campaign to encourage physical fitness and improved diets-------particularly among American children,a third of whom are overweight.

The economic decline has hardly helped the healthy eating cause. McDonald ’ s has enjoyed a relatively prosperous financial crisis as diners choose its affordable offerings in place of more expensive high-street restaurants. Its global profits for the six months to June were up 12% to $ 2. 3billion, powered by sales rises both in the United States and Britain.

The PCRM’ s director of nutrition education, Susan Levin, made no apologies for singling out the golden arches(拱门:“ McDonald' s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable. We feel we ’ re making a point about all fast food when we talk about McDonald ’ s. ”

1. The ad-maker makes a change in the McDonald ’ s slogan _________.

A. to warn people of risk of eating fast food

B. to convince people of cause of the death

C. to remind people of the man’ s preference

D. to accuse the McDonald’ s of the murder

答案解析:答案为A。由第二段“The line is a twist on McDonald’ s long-standing advertising slogan, "I'm lovin’ it” and a voiceover intones: ‘High cholesterol, high blood pressure, heart attacks. T onight, make it vegetarian.’”可知,广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变是因为麦当劳的食物含有高胆固醇,它还会导致高血压,心脏病,因此广告商们警告人们吃麦当劳食物的危险,故答案为A。D选项“控告麦当劳谋杀”夸大了广告商的意图,故不选。

2. The goal of this passage is to tell us that__________.

A. the TV commercial goes too far

B. people enjoy eating fast food for its taste

C. Michelle Obama’ s campaign doesn' t work

D. McDonald' s provides unhealthy food

答案解析:答案为D。本题考查文章的写作目的。文章第一、二段介绍了广告商对麦当劳的标语进行了改变,意在警告人们麦当劳食物的危险性,后面的内容介绍了这样的广告惹怒了麦当劳和快餐饮食业,然而这种非盈利的广告还是得到了公众的支持,并且美国第一夫人Michelle Obama也在健康饮食运动中签字,最后一段重申了PCRM总会长Susan Levin的意见,对于打击麦当劳没有任何歉意,快餐食品危害人们的健康。因此,本文的写作目的就是告诉人们麦当劳的食物不健康。A、B、C 都与写作目的无关,故不选。

3. “The golden arches” in the last paragraph refers to _________.

A. the line

B. the ad

C. McDonald' s

D. fast food

答案解析:答案为C。本题为词义猜测题。由最后一段“the golden arches(金色的拱门”后面的内容“M cDonald' s is one of the biggest fast-food chains in the world. Its name and its golden arches are instantly recognisable.”可知,“The golden arches”指代的是麦当劳,故答案为C。

4. What is the theme of the passage?

A. A fierce debate about healthy eating

B. McDonald ’ s tar geted in US health ad

C. A US health ad advocates healthy life

D. Say goodbye to McDonald' s right now

答案解析:答案为B。本题考查文章的主题。结合第2题的分析可知,本文的主题是围绕麦当劳成为美国健康饮食广告的打击对象而展开,故答案为B。

B

For much of the world, vegetarianism (素食主义 is largely a matter of economics: Meat costs a lot more than beans or rice, so meat becomes a special-occasion dish. Even where meat is more plentiful, it’s still used in control, and it often provides a side note to a meal rather than taking center stage.

In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for reasons other than cost. Parental preferences, religious or other beliefs, and health problems are

among the most common reasons for choosing to be a vegetarian. Many people choose a vegetarian diet out of concern over animal rights or the environment. And lots of people have more than one reason for choosing vegetarianism.

Different people follow different forms of vegetarianism. A true vegetarian eats no meat at all, including chicken and fish. A lactoovo vegetarian eats dairy products (乳制品and eggs, but keeps out meat, fish, and chicken. It follows, then, that a lacto vegetarian eats dairy products but not eggs, and an ovo vegetarian eats eggs but not dairy products.

A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded (排除 from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey. Some macrobiotic (养生的 diets fall into the vegan category. Macrobiotic diets limit not only animal products but also refined and processed foods, foods with preservatives, and foods that contain caffeine or other stimulants (刺激物.

Following a macrobiotic or vegan diet could lead to nutritional deficiencies (营养不足 in some people. Teens need to be sure their diets include enough nutrients to fuel growth, particularly protein and calcium. If you’re interested in followin g a vegan or macrobiotic diet it’s a good idea to talk to a registered dietitian. He or she can help you design meal plans that include enough nutrients.

1. The underlined sentence in the first paragraph probably means ______.

A. there is usually a note beside the meat in a meal

B. meat often attracts people’s attention in a meal

C. meat is served only a small amount in a meal

D. meat should play an important part in a meal

答案解析:答案为C。本题为语义理解题。结合划线句子前面的内容“Even where meat is more plentiful, it’s still used in control”可知,甚至是肉非常多的地方,人们仍然控制肉的进食量,因此肉在饮食中只是“a side note”而不是“center stage.”,因此划线句子意思是肉在饮食中只占少量,故答案为C。

2. Which of the following is NOT the reason for Americans being vegetarians?

A. They are environmentally friendly.

B. They are concerned about the rights of animals.

C. They worry about their own health.

D. They can’t afford to buy meat.

答案解析:答案为D。本题为细节题。由第二段“In countries like the United States where meat is not as expensive, though, people choose to be vegetarians for

reasons other than cost.”可知,除了因为肉的花费原因外.,美国人选择素食有诸多原因。故答案为D。

3. A vegan diet will include ______.

A. neither animal products nor diary products

B. diary products but no eggs

C. animal products like honey

D. processed food

答案解析:答案为A。本题为细节题。由倒数第二段“A stricter form of vegetarianism is veganism. Not only are eggs and dairy products excluded from a vegan diet, so are animal products like honey.”可知,vegan diet 里排除了eggs and dairy products,还排除了animal products ,故答案为A。

4. According to the passage, the author would probably think that ______.

A. all the people should become vegetarians

B. teens should be careful to be vegetarians

C. vegetarianism is not a good thing for the world

D. vegetarianism can make a country develop faster

答案解析:答案为B。本题为细节推理题。由最后一段可知,素食有可能导致营养不良,特别是青少年处于生长发育,饮食要有足够的营养,如果青少年对素食感兴趣,应该咨询营养学家,因此作者认为青少年应该对变成素食主义者非常小心,故答案为B。

2014年湖北省高考英语完形填空试题及其详细解析

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During the first week of his stay, he went out one day to do some shopping. He came back in the late afternoon to discover that his suitcase was gone. He was extremely worried as the suitcase had all his important papers, including his passport. He reported the case to the police and then sat there，lost and lonely in strange city, thinking of the terrible troubles of getting all the paperwork organized again from a distant country while trying to settle down in a new one. Late in the evening, the phone rang. It was a stranger. He was trying to pronounce my husband’s name and was asking him a lot of questions. Then he said they had found a pile of papers in their trash can（垃圾桶）that had been left out on the footpath. My husband rushed to their home to find a kind family holding all his papers and documents. Their young daughter had gone to the trash can and found a pile of unfamiliar papers. Her parents had carefully sorted them

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