(完整word版)研究生综合英语部分课后题答案(word文档良心出品)
Unite 1
1.Your job as a future employee is to help the hiring manager mitigate/alleviate(减轻，降低) that risk.作为一个未来的员工,你的工作是帮助招聘经理降低风险。
2.You need help them identify(认定，认同) you as prospective/expected(预期的，未来的) “key player”.你需要帮助他们认定你有潜力成为一名核心员工。
3.Kelly was outstanding and outshone/surpassed(优于,超过) every other player on the field.凯利非常出色，胜过了球场上所有其他球员。
4.Better still,develop a reputation inside your lab and with people your lab collaborates with as a person who fosters and initiates/originates(发动，创建) collaborations.更为有利的是，要在你实验室内部，以及在和你们实验室合作的人之间，培养一个良好的声誉：一个鼓励并发动合作的人。
5.He is a former scientist who transitioned/transferred(转变，改变) to industry many years ago and then on to a senior management position.他之前是一名科学家，许多年前他转向了企业，并一直做到高级经理的职位。
6.The unions mobilized/organized(组织) thousands of workers in a protest(抗议，游行) against the cuts.协合会组织了一场数以千计的工人游行来抗议裁员。
7.This creates a requirement not only for people who can act quickly, but for those who can think fast with the courage to act on their convictions/beliefs(信念).
act on ones convictions 按某人的想法行事。
这样，不仅对那些行动快速的人们，也对那些思维敏捷，并有勇气按自己想法行事的人们提出了要求。
8.His speech was made with such great ambiguity/vagueness(不清楚) that neither supporter nor opponent(反对者) could be certain of his true position.他的演讲有许多疑点，既没有支持者也没有反对者来肯定他的立场。
9.The scientist who is transitioning into the business world must prioritize(优先处理) his or her relationship assets/advantages(资源，优势) above their technical assets.想转行到企业界的科学家们必须优先考虑他们的社会关系资源而不是技术资源。
10.This approach, combined with a liberal(开明的) use of the pronoun “we” and not just ”I”when describing your accomplishments(业绩), can change the company’s perception/impression(看法，印象) of you from a lone wolf to a selfless collaborator.这个方法，加上你在描述业绩是开明的使用代词“我们”而不是“我”，能使公司对你的看法从“单干户”转变成“合作者”。
11.I’m trying to foster/encourage(培养，鼓励) an interest in classical music in my children.我尝试着培养孩子在古典音乐上的兴趣。
12.A German company collaborated/cooperated(合作)with a Swiss firm(公司) to develop the product.一个德国公司和一个瑞士公司合作开发的产品。
The independence-versus-interdependence issue has been written about regularly and is often introduced as the major issue separating the two worlds of scientific employment：academic and industrial. For decades, academia has paid lip service to the idea of collaboration, but the incentive-and-reward system has been slow to adjust . Despite the widespread interest in collaboration and its obvious value in an academic setting , collaboration remains informal and is actually discourage by the tenure process, in which scholars are penalized for sharing credit for their work with others.
Large-scale academic collaboration has taken place successfully in the past; the Manhattan Project and contemporaneous radar research, and numerous experimental particle projects, to
cite just a few examples, are not perhaps academic in the purest sense, but they demonstrate that academic scientists can play well with others. More recently, new systems biology studies are bringing a sense of teamwork into academic life science labs, but there have been some growing pains. Still, in most of academic science—including the life science—the lone wolf still rules.
独立性抗相互依存关系的问题已被写入经常定期介绍在学术和工业两个世界科学的用人的主要问题，几十年来，学术界一直口惠合作的想法，但激励和奖励制度迟迟没有调整。尽管在协作的广泛兴趣和其明显的价值在学术环境中，合作仍然是非正式的，实际上是由任期过程，其中学者处罚共享的信用为自己与他人的工作劝阻。
过去已经发生过成功的大规模的学术合作;曼哈顿计划和当时雷达的研究，以及众多的实验粒子项目，仅举几个例子也许不是纯粹意义上的学者，但他们证明，学术科学家可以与其他人合作得很好。最近，新的系统生物学的研究使团队合作的意识进入学术生命科学实验室，但也出现了一些发展上的问题。不过，在大多数学术科学 - 包括生命科学仍以单干者主。
Unite 4
1.Although such a statement may seem self-centered(自我为中心的), it’s actually(实际上) quite insightful/perceptive(富有洞察力的).虽然这样的话听起来似乎有些以自我为中心，实际上却是相当有见地。
2.Among other things, people who like themselves are more open to criticism(批评) and less demanding of/exacting of others.从别的方面来说，自我喜欢的人更乐于接受批评，对别人的要求也不那么苛刻。
3.It can be romantic, exciting, obsessive/compulsive(令人着迷的), and irrational.它可能是浪漫的，令人激动的，让人着迷的，或者是不理智的。
4.And, people who say they are “in love”emphasize caring, intimacy, and commitment/fidelity(忠诚，忠心).而且，说自己“处于恋爱中”的人们重视相互之间的关心、亲密和忠诚。
5.In any type of love , caring about the other person is essential. Although love may involve passionate(激情的) yearning/desire(渴望), respect is a more important quality.不管是哪种类型的爱，关心另一方是非常必要的。虽然爱可能包含激情的渴望，然而相互尊重才是最重要的品质。
6.Instead, it is an unhealthy or possessive/jealous(占有欲)dependency(依赖) that limits the loves’social, emotional, and intellectual growth.反而成为一种不健康的或者是具有占有欲的依赖，而这会限制爱的双方在社会、情感和智力方面的发展。
7.This misconceptions(误解) often lead to unrealistic(不现实的) expectations(期望), stereotypes(固定模式), and disillusionment/disenchantment(幻觉破灭).这些误解常常会导致不现实的期望、固定模式和幻觉破灭。
8.It means paying bills, putting out the garbage, scrubbing toilet bowls, being up all night with a sick baby, and performing myriad/numerous(各种各样的，数不清的) other “oatmeal”tasks that are not very sexy.它是付账单，倒垃圾，刷马桶，孩子生病时守夜，以及完成其他各种各样不那么性感的“搅拌燕麦粥”的任务。
9.Even during the preteen years, romantic experiences are cultured in the sense that societal and group practices and expectations shape/form(塑造) romantic experience.甚至在13岁之前，请感经历就有社会和群体的活动和期望所决定和培养起来了。
10.Once desire diminishes, disappointed loves may wonder where the “spark”in their relationship has gone and may reminisce/recall(回忆) regretfully (and longingly) about “the good old days”.一旦欲望消失了，失望的恋人就会诧异原来他们关系中的“火花”去哪了，他们可能会很遗憾的(而且渴望地)怀念“过去的美好时光”。
If we look at love in other countries and cultures, we find many variations. In societies like India love is not necessarily a(n) prerequisite for marriage. Even highly educated Indian men and women who date non-Indians while living in Western countries often consent to arranged marriages. Respect for parent’wishes, family traditions, and duty to the kin group are more important than love. Most middle- and upper-middle class women in India can marry whomever they want. Many, however, prefer arranged marriages and have veto power over undesirable candidates. Arranged marriages are attractive because they offer more stability than love. According to one highly educated woman in Calcutta who has been happily married for three years to a man she had met just three times before their engagement, love isn’t essential for marital happiness:”I met a lot of people I liked, but no one was suitable for marriage, because I was looking for practicality also. Love is important, but it’s not sufficient”
如果我们看一下爱其他国家和文化中，我们发现许多变化。在印度这样爱的社会不一定是婚姻的先决条件。即使是受过高等教育的印度男人和女人生活在西方国家，而迄今谁非印度人往往同意包办婚姻。尊重父母的意愿，家庭传统和义务的亲属组比爱情更重要。大多数中层和上层中产阶级的印度妇女可以娶他们想要的任何人。然而，很多人喜欢包办婚姻，并有否决权不受欢迎的候选人。包办婚姻是有吸引力的，因为它们提供了比爱情更稳定。据一位受过良好教育的女人在加尔各答谁一直愉快地结婚三年了一个人，她遇见了刚刚三次订婚前，爱情不是婚姻幸福必不可少的：“我遇到了很多人，我很喜欢，但没有一个是适合结婚，因为我一直在寻找的实用性也。爱情是很重要的，但它不是足够”
Unite 7
1.Apologies are in order/appropriate under the circumstances(合适，适宜) when Mr. Smith is mistaken for Mr. Jones.如果有人报史密斯先生误认作琼斯先生，这人就应该道歉。
2.Human nature is the basis of character, temperament(气质) and disposition/a particular type of character which makes someone likely to behave or react in a certain way(性情).人性是性格、气质和性情的基础。
3.It is only the surface that is capable of alteration(变化), improvement(改善) and refinement/improving something; making something better than it was before(进一步提升).只有一些表面特征才会变化、改善和进一步提升。
4.Man’s majesty(伟大的) and mobility(高尚的) are taken for granted, although his faults and weaknesses are constantly paraded/to show something publicly(暴露/展示在公众面前) before our eyes.人们想当然的认为人类是伟大和崇高的，尽管他的过错和弱点不断地暴露在我们面前。
5.But the murderer(杀人犯), robber(抢劫犯) or wife beater is singled/to separate or choose from a group, especially for special treatment or notice(挑出) out for publicity（与众瞩目）, because such conduct is unusual.但杀人犯，抢劫犯和殴打妻子的人却成为公众瞩目的焦点，因为这些行为非同寻常。
6.Every man unfolds a distinct character over which circumstances and education have only the most limited control.
7.He was made to advance;the power to do so distinguishes/to recognize and understand the
difference between two or more things or people.(区别/ 认识和理解两个或更多的事物或人之间的区别) him from the animal.他推测，有一种力量使人类和动物有不同。distinguishes...from... ...和...不同，...和...有区别
8.Each holds to the structure of the mold into which the soul was cast/to shape(metal or other material)by pouring it into a mold while molten(塑造/金属或其他材料被倾注到模具中塑造) at the time of its individualization(个性).一个人的个性和他独特的天性在出生的时候就已经形成了，而且不会改变。
9.One plunges into the surf/the mass or line of foam formed by waves breaking on a seashore or reef() and rescues a swimmer from drowning; another dashes into a burning house and carries
a stranger to safety.
10.Human nature does not and cannot change but unfolds/(something) opens out, develops(塑造) its inherent pattern(固有模式).人性不会也不能改变，它之展现它固有的模式。
1.So far as I’m concerned(在我看来), some other arrangement would have been satisfactory.
2.The management control process should endeavor to measure whether predetermined goals are being achieved accomplish(应该尽量评测既定目标是否已经达到).
3.Who’s that guy Ally has been engrossed in conversation with all night（整晚一直专注地和他交谈)？
4.It would be unwise to draw conclusions from the results of a single survey(仅凭一次调查结果就得出结论).
5.He had no friend nor acquaintances, (他既没有朋友，也没有熟人)nor did he make any.
6.Only then did she tell him about the attack(她才告诉他袭击的事).
7.Shelly, as we had seen(正如我们所见), had met her through his uncle.
8.It was only lately that he had a family himself(他自己才成家).
9.I am afraid the problems you mention are inherent in the system(你谈到的这些问题是体制固有的).
10.He liked young people conscientious in their work(工作认真的年轻人).
11.The teacher deviated from her custom(与以往不同) and gave out no homework.
12.If you follow that course of action, it will be at the peril of your own life(冒着丧失自己生命的危险).
13.His life had taken on a new dimension(呈现出一片新面貌).
14.I’m perfectly capable of looking after myself(能够照顾我自己), thank you.
15.The furniture is made in much the same way as it was 200 years ago(和200年前几乎一样的式样).
16.The lifeboat was sent out to rescue the sailor from the sinking ship(拯救沉船上的海员).
17.Portugal participated in the war(葡萄牙参加了战争) by sending an army to France.
18.The difficulty is due to our ignorance(由于我们的无知造成的).
Unite 9
1.City officials have slowed the development by stalling/delaying(延期，停顿) building permits (许可)for the area.城市官员通过拖延区域的建筑许可的减缓了发展速度。
2.Sales of the new drug have been stopped, pending/waiting for(直到...时为止) further(进一步) research.新药的销售已经停止，等待进一步的考证。
3.We had a difficult time during the financial crisis, but eventually(最终)things turned
out/became(变成，转变) all right.在金融危机期间我们经历了困难时间，但最终事情变好了。
4.The young emperor(皇帝) had at his disposal/under his control(在他的控制之下)a very powerful light infantry(步兵) army with experienced officers(军官) and very high morale(士气).这位年轻的皇帝曾掌控着一个非常强大的拥有经验丰富的军官和极高的士气的轻步兵部队。
5.He has been down on his luck/suffering from bad luck(穷困潦倒) lately, his company went bankrupt(破产)and his girlfriend broke up with him.近来他变得穷困潦倒，因为他的公司破产了并且他的女友和他分手了。
6.Predictions of a disastrous(灾难性的) slump/decline(下降，减少)in industry were proved unfounded by strong demand and continually increasing sales. 强劲的需求和不断增加的销售可以使行业中的灾难性衰退的预测不攻自破。
7.In the first five years of reform(改革), the country's GDP soared/increased(增长，激增)by almost 40%. 在第一个五年的改革以后，该国的国内生产总值增长了近40％。
8.He skimped/did without(吝啬) for years to pay back(偿还) the money that he borrowed for his college education.他吝啬于偿还他为了上大学而借的钱。
9.When I was on the dole/welfare(福利，失业救济金), I got $5.50 per week from the government and spent $2.50 on rent.当我在领取失业救济金的时候，我每周从政府得到5.5英镑，并且用2.5英镑支付租金。
10.Mr.Wilson wanted new recipients (收件人)to be eligible for aid/able to get help (得到帮助) only one year,but some Democrats(民主党) wanted two years.威尔逊先生希望新的收件人只有资格获得一年援助，但一些民主党人希望可以得到2年。
Northern Canada, including the Northwest Territories, is an expensive place to live. Housing is at least 60% more expensive in the north than it is in southern Canada. Food prices are also higher , by at least 20%. Since building materials and foodstuffs are imported from the south, the higher prices are primarily due to transportation costs. Communities far away from Yellowknife have higher costs, and communities served only by aircraft have the highest food and housing costs. For example, foodstuffs shipped by air to remote communities such as Sachs Harbour on Banks Island are 80% more expensive than they are in Yellowknife. To offset these high food and housing costs, wages are higher than those in southern Canada. In addition, most people live in public or staff housing, where rents are subsidized. Government employees living in remote communities receive an isolated post allowance payment to help offset the higher cost of living.
加拿大北部，其中包括西北地区，就是住一个昂贵的地方。房价在加拿大北部比南部贵至少60％。食品价格也较高至少20％。由于建材和食品是从南方进口，这种高价格，主要是由于运输成本。远离耶洛奈夫的社区具有更高的成本，社区服务只能由飞机拥有最高的食品和住房费用。例如，食品空运运到偏远的社区，如萨克斯港的班克斯岛有80％以上的价格比他们在耶洛奈夫。为了抵消这些高食品和住房成本，工资比在加拿大南部高。此外，大多数人都居住在公共或职工住宅，其中租金补贴。政府雇员居住在偏远社区收到一个孤立的岗位津贴的支付，以帮助抵消生活成本较高。