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初中英语语法简单句陈述句疑问句等教案

初中英语语法简单句陈述句疑问句等教案
初中英语语法简单句陈述句疑问句等教案

第12单元简单句、陈述句、一般/特殊/选择/

反意疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语(或并列谓语)的句子叫简单句。

1 ?根据句子的结构,简单句可分为5种:

(1) S+V ⑵S+V+O ⑶S+V+P

(4) S+V+I nO +DO

(5) S+V+O+C

此外,还有there be句型,这一句型具有就近原则,也即谓语动词用单数还是复数要看接近于be动词的那个名词。

2?根据句子的功能,简单句可分为4类:

陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句

(一)陈述句

1 .肯定式

2 ?否定式

(1) 力口not构成的否定句

(2) 由no, hardly, never, nobody, nothing 等构成的否定句。

其中两者的全部否定用neither或nor,部分否定用both +not.

『例』Neither of them knows Fren ch.

Both of them don't know Fren ch.

三者或三者以上的全部否定用non e, no th in g, nobody, no one等,部分否定用all, many,

every力口not构成

『例』None of these an swers are right.

All these books are not mine.

(3) 在某些句子中,按语意应放在that从句中的否定词not被移前到主句的谓语动词中,这种否定提前的情况用于think, believe, suppose等动词,『例』I don't believe it will be very cold tomorrow.

(二)疑问句

按结构可分为四种

1?一般疑问句:

(1) 用Yes,No来回答的疑问句。

(2) 往往把be,助动词,情态动词置于句首。

(3) 在一般疑问句中,如果提问人对答案没有肯定或否定的意向,句中常用非肯定词。『例』Is there anything wrong with your car?

如果提问人对答案有肯定的意向,即希望得到肯定的回答,则在该用非肯定词的地方用肯定词,如:Would you like some drink?因此,在招待客人或向人表示乐意提供帮助

时,通常用some代替any。

2.特殊疑问句:

用疑问代词或疑问副词提问的句子,不用Yes,No回答。

+一般疑问句。(1) 疑问词作句子的宾语、状语、表语或修饰这三种成份时,用疑问词

『例』When will you go?

(2) 疑问词作主语或主语的定语时,与陈述句的顺序相同,

『例』Whose father works in Sha nghai?

Who is on duty today?

3 ?反意疑问句

(1) 构成:陈述句+简略问句

冃疋否疋

否定冃疋

简略问句的主语与陈述句保持一致,只能用人称代词(there除外),简略问句的谓语动词

也与陈述句保持一致,如果是否定,一定要用简写。

『例』Jim isn't a stude nt, is he?/There are some books in it, aren't there?

(2) 陈述部分I'm...结构,疑问部分一般用aren't I。

『例』rm late, aren't I?

(3) 陈述句中有little, few, n o, never, no th in g, nobody, hardly 等词表示否定时,简略问句用

⑷陈述句中有指物的不定代词nothing, something, anything时,简短问句中用代词it,陈述句中有指人的不定代词every one, no one, some one, everybody, n obody, an ybody 时,简短问句中用代词he或they。

『例』Every one is here, aren't they/is n ' t he?

⑸陈述句的主语是指示代词this, that等时,疑问部分的主语在形式上与前者不同,但在逻辑上却与前者一致。

『例』This is very importa nt, is n't it?

⑹陈述部分如果是"I (don't) think (believe, suppose...)+宾语从句"时,疑问部分中的动词

和主语应与宾语从句中的主语和动词保持一致。

『例』I don't believe she knows it, does she?

(7) 含有情态动词must的句子表示猜测时,疑问部分与must后面部分一致,不能用must n't, 如:You must be tired, aren't you?当must 表示有必要"时,疑问部分用needn't,如:You must go home right now, need n't you?当mus tn't 表示禁止时,疑问部分一般用must。

『例』You must n't walk on grass, must you?

(8) 祈使句的反意疑问句

肯定祈使句+will you/w on't you?

否定祈使句+will you?

Let's...+shall we?(包括对方)

Let us...+will you?(不包括对方)

(9) 感叹句的反意疑问句一律用否定式,并用be的一般现在时。

『例』What a lovely girl, is n't she?

(10) 前面否定后面肯定的反意疑问句在回答时,需根据其实际情况,实际情况是肯定的,

则用Yes+肯定结构,实际情况是否定的,则用No+否定结构。

『例』一You can't speak En glish, can you?

—Yes, I can(不,我会的)

(11) 关于“ 'c和’“'s ”

注意比较:

He' d like a cup of tea, wouldn ' t he?/You ' d better go now, hadn ' t you? He' s never late for school, is he?/He ' s never been there, has he?

4 ?选择疑问句:

选择疑问句是用or连接询问的两部分,以供选择,答案必须是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答。

『例』--Are you Jim or Tom?

--I'm Tom.

(三)祈使句

用以表示命令、请求或建议,主语通常省略。

肯定式谓语用动词原形,否定式用“Don't(Never)+动词原形”,Stand up, please./Don't be afraid.

(四)感叹句

用以表示快乐、痛苦等强烈感情的句子称为感叹句。

感叹句有用how或what开头的两种形式。

1 ? How开头的感叹句

(1) How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语。

『例』How beautiful the flower is!

⑵ How修饰动词,句型是“ How主+谓”。

『例』How I wish I could hear Beethove n himself play it!

(3) How+形容词(副词),省略主语和谓语。

『例』How in teresti ng(it is)!

2. what开头的感叹句:

(1) What+(a)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语,如:

『例』What a nice horse it is!

What fine weather!

What good n ews!

(2) What(a)+ 名词!

『例』What a pity!

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eg: I was having dinner at a restaurant. eg: The two children are playing table tennis in the school. eg: Mr.Black gave us some advice on how to learn English well. eg: Paris is the capital of France. ①规则复数变化形式 可数名词在表示两个或两个以上的概念时需要用复数形式。可数名词单数形式变成复数形式的一般规则如下表:

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回答此句型的问题时,答句的单复数根据实际情况而定。 b.对宾语提问 What did you buy?你买了什么? I bought a bike.我买了辆自行车。 c.对表语提问 What is this?这是什么? It“s a bench.这是一条长凳。 What is your mother?你妈妈是干什么的? 注意 What is +人?此句型是问人的职业,大凡译为“是干什么的?”She is a teacher.她是个老师。2.Who,whom,whose引导的疑问句 此类疑问句可以对主语、表语和宾语提问。 Who broke the window?(对主语提问) 谁打破了窗户? who可以对主语和表语提问。whom是who的宾格,对宾语提问,但在口语中who可以代替whom。 Li Ming did.李明打破的。 Who is that woman?(对表语提问) 那个女人是谁? She is my mother.她是我妈妈。(关系) 或者:She is Rose.她是罗思。(姓名)

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陈述句变一般疑问句 A: 含be动词或情态动词的句子: Is she beautiful and nice? Those books are ours. Are those books yours? I am an English teacher. We can speak English fluently. 一调:即把句中的be动词或者情态动词调到句子主语前. 二改:改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语I/My/mine/we/our/ours等第一人称分别.改为相应的第二人称you/yous/your等 三问号:在句子末尾加问号. 此类问答:肯定:Yes,主语+be动词或者情态动词 否定:No,主语+be动词或者情态动词+not 注意:be动词或者情态动词与not连用有缩写形式,主要有isn’t, aren’t,can’t,mustn’t,needn’t 等 Eg: Is this your English book? 肯定:Yes, it is. 否定:No, it is not./it isn’t. Are these your English book? 肯定:Yes, they are. 否定:No, they are not./they aren’t. 秘诀:一调二改三问号 练习 将下列句子改成一般疑问句,并做肯定回答和否定回答。 1.I am happy to be Mr Cool`s student.

2.You are really beautiful. 3.I can siwm. 4.This is an ID card. B: 含行为动词或者实意动词的句子 一加:即在句首加助动词do或者does(当主语是第三人称单数的时候),注意如果句子是过去时,does/do需变成did 二改:一把谓语动词改为原型。二要改换主语称谓,即将句中的主语 I/My/mine/we/our/ours等第一人称分别改为相应的第二人称 you/yous/your等 三问号:在句子末尾加问号 Eg: We read English every morning. Do you read English every morning? Yes, we do./No,we don’t. Tom’s father listens to the radio everyday. Does Tom’s father listen to the radio everyday? Yes,he does./No,he does not.

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

初中英语语法知识点总结-句子的基本结构

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。 5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。 The black bike is mine.(形容词) The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语) I have nothing to do today.(动词不定式) 注意:1) 当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2) 不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。 例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games. 6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。 1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前; I am very sorry. 2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth. They are writing English in the classroom. 3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。 We often help him.

He is always late for class. 7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。 He made me sad.(形容词) She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式) The war made him a soldier.(名词) I find him at home.(介词短语) I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词) 8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment. She is the oldest among them six. 一). 简单句五种基本句型: 句子包含主要句子成分(主语、谓语)和次要句子成分(表语、宾语、宾语补足语),按照动词的性质将英语简单句划分为以下五种基本句型:1、基本句型的词序:

北京市初中英语语法知识—疑问句的综合训练

一、选择题 1.—________, Millie? —It’s February 1st. A.What’s the date today B.What day is it today C.What time is it D.What’s that 2.—________ do you play computer games, Lily? —I only play on Friday night. A.How B.Where C.Why D.When 3.—_________? —She is a shop assistant in the biggest mall. A.How old is your sister B.What’s the matter with your sister C.Where does your sister work D.What does your sister do? 4.— Excuse me! _______ is it from your home to school? —About ten minutes’ ride. A.How long B.How much C.How often D.How far 5.–________ would you like me to pay you? –Either Ali Pay or WeChat Pay. I don’t care. A.How B.What C.Why D.Who 6.—________ is it from your home to school? —It’s about ten minutes’ walk. A.How long B.How far C.How many 7.— do you think about the story of Nu Wa Repairs the sky? — I think it is interesting. A.Why B.How C.What 8.—I got into a fight with my best friends, what should I do? —________write him a letter? A.How about B.What about C.Why D.Why don't you 9.—Are these your schoolbags? —No, __________aren't. They are__________. A.These; their B.they; theirs C.these; ours D.they; ours 10.— ______ can I keep the books, madam? — For two weeks. A.How long B.How many C.How often D.How much 11.— do you go to work every day? —By bike. A.What B.Who C.How D.When

陈述句变成一般疑问句

陈述句变成一般疑问句: 陈述句变为一般疑问句,首先看句中有没有系动词be或情态动词,如果 有,把be或情态动词直接提到句首就可以了;如果没有,要用助动词do或does 来帮助。基本句式如下: Be +主语+宾语+其他+ ? 情态动词+主语+谓语+宾语+其他+ ? Do(Does) + 主语+谓语+宾语+其他+ ? (1)如果句子中有be动词(也就是说有is,am,are,were,was等)或是情态动词的(如can, could,will,would 等),把be动词或情态动词直接提前,剩下的照抄,然后末尾加上问号。 如: He is a stude nt.(他是一个学生。) 一般疑问句就是:Is he a stude nt?.(他是一个学生吗?) They can play football.(他们会踢足球。) 变成Can they play football?(他们会踢足球吗?) 注意:如果主语是I或是we的,一般疑问句一般情况下要把人称改为you。反 之you 要改成I,we,me 或us。 如: I am a student. —般疑问句就变成Are you a student? We can help you.(我们能帮你。)变成Can you help me?(你们能帮我吗?)(2)如果没有be动词和情态动词的,就要用助动词来提问,助动词有 do,does,did。 而选择哪个助动词就要由陈述句中的动词时态或形式来决定了。如: She speaks En glish very well.(她英语说得很好。) 一般疑问句变成Does she speak En glish very well?(她英语说得很好吗?)We fini shed our homework yesterday. (我们昨天完成作业的。) 变为Did you finish your homework yesterday? (你们昨天完成作业的吗?) I go to school on foot. (我走路去上学。)变为Do you go to school on foot? (你走路去上学吗?) 选择好助动词后就可以把原句跟上去,要注意的是后面的动词要用原形了。如例子中的speak,finish 等。 另外,完成时态和have、has got (have got是有”的意思)中的have或 has也是提前,即与第一种be动词情态动词的用法相同。 如: I have got a sister.(我有一个妹妹)改为:Have you got a sister?(你有一个妹妹吗?)完成时的例子: I have ever been to Beijing.(我曾经去过北京) Have you ever been to Beiji ng? (你曾经去过北京吗?)

初中英语语法大全-句子种类

初中英语语法大全-句子的种类 按照英语句子的使用目的和用途,句子可分为四类: 陈述句(Declarative Sentence)、疑问句(Interrogative Sentence)、祈使句(Imperative Sentence)和感叹句(Exclamatory Sentence)。 陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句。 疑问句有一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句。 图解语法 1. 陈述句 说明一个事实或陈述一个人的看法,陈述句包括肯定陈述句和否定陈述句 特别提示:

肯定陈述句改成否定句或一般疑问句时,如句中有already,some,something,somebody等词,须分别改成yet,any,anything,anybody 等。 另外,也要注意,too改成either,both改成neither,all改成none等。 2. 疑问句

3. 常用的特殊疑问句

4. 特殊的反意疑问句 ①主句是祈使句时,“will you?”意为“请求”,“won’t you?”表示提醒对方注意。 例句: Look at the blackboard, will you / won’t you? Don’t be late again, will you? ②感叹句后的反意疑问,用一般现在时态的否定形式 例句: What fine weather, isn’t it? How beautifully she sings, doesn’t she? ③陈述部分是“I am …”时,用“aren’t I?”而不用“am not I?” 例句: I'm working now, aren’t I?

新初中英语语法知识—疑问句的图文答案

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陈述句变成一般疑问句讲解及练习

如何把陈述句变成一般疑问句? 1. 看句子里有没有be动词:如果有,将be动词提前到句首. 例: He is a clever boy. Is he a clever boy? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. 2.没有be动词,看句子的主人是单数还是复数?如果是单数,句首+Do,动词还原。如果是复数,,句首+Does. 后面的动词变成原型. 例: 1. They study English in the classroom. Do they study English in the classroom? Yes, they do. No, they don’t. 2. He jumps rope in the park. Does he jump rope in the park? Yes, he does. No, he doesn’t. 3.当句子里有关于"我,我们"的都要相应的变成"你,你们”的. 例: I am a teacher. Are you a teacher? Yes, i am. No, i am not. We are happy? Are you happy? Yes, we are. No , we aren’t. This is my book. Is this your book? These are our books. Are these your books? 4.当句子里有some/many…要变成any. 例: There are some cats on the table. Are there any cats on the table? I have many shirts. Do you have any shirts?

初中英语语法句子成分

句子成分精讲 句子成分:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语等。 主要成分:主语和谓语 1、主语 一个句子中需要加以说明或描述的对象。主语的位置: 一般位于句首,由名词、代词、数词或相当于名词的词、短语等充当。The school is far from here. 名词做主语 She goes to school by bike.代词做主语 Eight is a lucky number.数词做主语 The blind need more help.名词化的形容词做主语 There is a pen on the desk. 名词做主语 Predicting the future is interesting.动名词做主语 To be a doctor is my dream.不定式短语做主语 2、谓语 表示人或事物(主语)的动作和存在的状态. 英语中由动词be、动词have和行为动词来充当谓语动词 句子的时态和语态是通过谓语表现出来。 谓语动词往往由一个或一个以上的助动词或情态动词加上主要动词构成。分析句子的主语和谓语 Mr. Li teaches English. He can play the piano. My parents and I are having dinner. 3、表语 用来说明主语的身份、特征、性质、状态。 表语的位置 用在动词be和系动词的后面。 名词、代词、数词、介词短语、副词等都可以和连系动词一起构成复合谓语。Your pen is on the desk. He got very angry. My dream is to have a robot.

初中英语语法大全:名词

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[ There is an orange on the table . 桌上有一个橘子。 an orange 一个橘子an new orange (×)→a new orange (○) 一个新橘子 a desk a old desk (×)→an old desk (○)一张旧课桌 a和an的使用区别 a加在以辅音开头的名词前,如a book,a pen。 an加在以元音开头的名词前,如an egg,an apple。 注意 ! 有时a,an后面紧接的不是单数名词,而是a (an) +形容词+单数名词的形式。 这时判断用a还是an来表示“一个”的概念时,要看形容词开头字母的发音,而不 是看名词。 2.复数 英语中,如果要表示两本书、三个学生、四把椅子这些两个或两个以上的概念时,要用名词的复数形式,名词的复数形式是在单数名词后加上词尾-s或-es构成的。 变复数时情况如下: (1)一般情况下,在词尾加s. eg.book——books,dog——dogs,pen——pens,boy——boys 以轻辅音结尾的名词后的s的读音为[s],以浊辅音和元音结尾名词后的s读音为〔z〕。 (2)以s,x,ch,sh结尾的词名词变复数时,要在词尾加es.

初中英语语法知识—疑问句的单元汇编附答案(1)

一、选择题 1.— Do you row much? — Yes, ________. A.for two hours B.quite a lot C.from five o'clock to ten 2.—________ the population of your town? —About thirty thousand. A.What are B.How much is C.How many are D.What’s 3.— What are those? —________. A.Those are books B.These are books C.They are books D.It’s a book 4.—Is the boy your friend? —No, ________. A.it isn’t B.he isn’t C.she isn’t D.I am not 5.— do your parents go to the movies? — Twice a month. A.How soon B.How far C.How often D.How long 6.I want to know your age.___________ A.How are you? B.How old are you? C.What’s your name? D.When is your birthday? 7.—______? —It’s a little interesting. A.Would you like to read book B.Did you read the book C.What kind of books do you like reading D.How do you like the book 8.—Is there in the room? — . There is only one old desk. A.anything special; Yes B.anything special; No C.special anything; Yes D.special anything; No 9.—________ — It is orange. A.What is this? B.What color is it? C.What are these? D.What color are they? 10.—________. —It's under the chair. A.Where is my basketball? B.Where are my keys? C.Is it a basketball? 11.—Is the girl your friend? —________. Her name's Gina. A.No, it isn't. B.Yes, she is. C.Yes, it is. 12.—_____ the population of the U.S.A.in 2005? —It _____ about 296 million. A.What is; is B.What was; was C.How many is; was D.How many was; is 13.— __________ books do you read every year? — About 30, I love reading. A.How much B.How old C.How many D.How often

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