高考英语总复习 Unit 11 The Media同步导学 北师大版必修4

【步步高】2015届高考英语总复习 Unit 11 The Media同步导学北

师大版必修4

Ⅰ.重点单词识记

1．affair /?′fe?/ n．事情，事件

2．widespread /′waIdspred/ adj.广泛的

3．reform /rI′f??m/ n．&vt.改革，改良

4．demand /dI′mɑ?nd/ vt.要求，请求

5．host /h??st/ n．&vt.主办(国、机构、城市)；主人；主办

6．application /??plI′keI??n/ n．申请(书)；应用

7．publish /′p?blI?/ vt.出版，发行

8．incident /′InsId?nt/ n．事件，事情

9．arise /?′raIz/ vi.发生，出现

10．blame /bleIm/ vt.责怪，归咎于

11．willing /′wIlI?/ adj.愿意的，乐意的

12．attempt /?′tempt/ vt.&n.尝试，试图

13．attitude /′?tItju?d/ n．态度，看法

14．pretend /prI′tend/ vt.假装

15．respect /rI′spekt/ n．&vt.尊敬，尊重

16．disagreement /?dIs?′ɡri?m?nt/ n．意见不一；分歧

17．suitable /′su?t?b?l/ adj.合适的

18．approach /?′pr??t?/ n．方法，方式

19．contemporary /k?n′temp?r?ri/ adj.当代的

20．contribution /?k?ntrI′bju???n/ n．贡献，捐助

21．conclude /k?n′klu?d/ vt.做出结论；结束→conclusion n．结论

22．innocent /′In?s?nt/ adj.天真无邪的，单纯的；无罪的

23．nation /′neI??n/ n．国家；民族→national adj.全国(性)的

24．belief /bI′li?f/ n．信仰；信心；信任→believe v．相信，信任；认为25．announce /?′na?ns/ vt.宣布，宣告→announcement n．宣告，宣布；通知26．evidence /′evId?ns/ n．证明，证据→evident adj.明白的，明显的27．explanation /?ekspl?′neI??n/ n．解释，说明→explain v．解释，说明28．analyse /′?n?laIz/ vt.分析→analysis n．分析

29．employ /Im′pl?I/ vt.雇用→unemployment n．失业

30．favour /′feIv?/ n．赞同；恩惠→favourable adj.赞成的；有利的31．encouragement /In′k?rId?m?nt/ n．鼓励→encouraging adj.令人鼓舞的→encouraged adj.受到鼓舞的

32．advertise /′?dv?taIz/ vt.为……做广告→advertisement n．广告33．consideration /k?n?sId?′reI??n/ n．必须考虑的事→consider vt.考虑；认为34．harmful /hɑ?mf?l/ adj.有害的→harm n．&v.危害，伤害

35．faithfully /′feIθf?li/ adv.忠实地，真诚地→faith n．信任，信仰

36．interrupt /?Int?′r?pt/ vt.&vi.打断；打扰→interruption n．打断；打扰

Ⅱ.重点短语识记

1．stand for是……意思，代表；支持

2．be made up of由……组成；由……构成

3．in detail详细地

4．come down to可归纳为，可归结为

5．in favour of支持，赞同

6．consist of由……组成

7．stand out突出，显眼

8．be linked to/with与……相关联

9．participate in参与，参加

10．as long as只要

11．comment on发表意见；提出看法

12．help out帮忙做某事；帮助克服困难

13．protest about抗议；提出抗议

14．go ahead with开始做；着手干

Ⅲ.经典原句默写与背诵

1．Their belief is that this is the only way for many of these nations to escape their painful pasts.

他们的信念是：这是许多这样的国家摆脱痛苦过去的唯一办法。

2．By doing this，they hope to make people forget that someone is trying to sell them something!

他们希望这样做会使人们忘记有人正在向他们推销商品！

3．However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit. 然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。

4．According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday，people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.

据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。

5．At the last minute，he jumped out of the truck，hurting his ankle...

最后时刻，他从卡车上跳了出来，伤着了脚踝……

1．What’s more，I am willing (乐意的) to tell you that I am to do some part-time jobs in the summer holiday.

2．On the other hand，they also suffer from less respect (尊重) and lower pay. 3．I guess that was the turning point of my attitude (态度) towards it. 4．Smoking is harmful (有害的) to our health.

5．His encouragement (鼓励) made me become more confident of myself.

6．He has made great contributions (贡献) to our country.

1 demand n.需求；要求；所需之物；vt.强烈要求

demand of sb. to do...要求某人做……

demand doing/to be done需要……

demand that...should do...要求……

satisfy/meet one’s demands满足某人的需求

on demand一经要求

in demand需要

make demands of对……提出要求

First，science graduates are in greater demand than arts ones in China.

首先，在中国对理科毕业生的需求比文科毕业生大。(2012·安徽·书面表达) This check is payable on demand.

这是见票即付的支票。

特别提醒

demand作动词时，后可接名词、不定式和从句作宾语，但不可跟sb.to do结构；后接that 从句时，从句中谓语动词用虚拟语气，即(should＋)动词原形。

夯实基础

(1)Strike workers demanded to see the manager.

罢工工人要求见经理。

(2)My demand is that the information referred to in my report be emailed to Mr.Brown without delay.

我的要求是：请立刻把我的报告中提到的信息发给布朗先生。

(3)The boss demanded that Mary finish the work within a week (一周内完成这项工作)．2 evidence n.证明；证据，证词不可数名词

gather evidence收集证据

evident adj.清楚的；明显的

It is evident that...很显然……

Before making his decision，the judge heard the evidence.法官听取证词后才作决定。It has now become evident to us that a mistake has been made.我们已经清楚出了差错。夯实基础

同义句改写

Evidently，practice is important for everybody.(改为含有主语从句的复合句)

It is evident that practice is important for everybody.

3 arise vi.起立；发生happen；产生；出现start to exist；由……引起；

因……产生happen as a result of...

arise from起因于……；由……产生

How did this quarrel arise?

这场争吵是由于何种原因引起的？

When I arose from the chair，my father and Eleanor’s father were in deep conversation.当我从椅子上站起来时，我父亲和埃莉诺的父亲谈兴正浓。

特别提醒

arise作“出现，发生”之意时，主语多为抽象名词argument，problem，quarrel，movement 等。

图解助记

夯实基础

用arise，rise，raise的适当形式填空

(1)He raised his voice so as to be heard by the audience.

(2)The river has risen by several meters.

(3)The problem may not arise，but there’s no harm in keeping our powder dry.

4 blame v.把……归咎于，责怪，指责say or think sb. is responsible for；n.过失；责任responsibility；责备，指责

blame sb.for...因……而指责某人；把……归咎于某人

blame sth.on sb.把某事归咎于某人

be to blame (for sth.)应承担责任；该受责备(主动形式表被动意义)

accept/bear/take the blame for...对……负责；为……承担责任

put/lay the blame for sth.on sb.把某事的责任推到某人身上

Everybody knows that he is supposed to be to blame for this.

人人皆知他应该为此受到责备。

The president put the blame completely on his opponent.

总统把责任完全推给了他的对手。

夯实基础

(1)It is obvious that you are to blame for the accident (为事故负责)．

(2)They blamed the failure on George.Actually，he is not to blame (不应该受到责备)．5 attempt n.企图，试图；尝试；努力try；effort；v.努力；尝试；试图try；make an effort to

attempt to do/at doing...尝试试图做……

make an attempt to do/at doing...尝试做……

make an attempt on one’s life企图谋杀某人

at one’s first attempt第一次尝试

in an attempt to do sth.试图做某事；希望做某事

The only time that we attempted to do something like that was in the city of Philadelphia.

只有在费城那次我们曾试着做那样的事。

It was one of his rare attempts at humor.

那是他极不常见的想要表现幽默的一次。

夯实基础

语法填空

(1)I passed my driving test at the first attempt.

(2)Someone has made an attempt on the president’s life.

6 defend vt.防御；保护，保卫protect；辩解；辩白；为……辩护to say or write in support of

defend sb./sth.from/against sb./sth.保护某人物免受伤害；保卫某人物

defend oneself against sth.为自己辩护

defence n.防卫，保卫；辩护

in defense of保卫……；为……辩护

Every man who could fight was now committed to defend the ridge.

每个能够参加战斗的男子现在都决心要保卫这条山脊。

Police chiefs strongly defended police conduct against a wave of criticism.

针对批评的浪潮，警察局长们极力为警方的行为进行辩护。

夯实基础

(1)同义句改写

He has hired a lawyer to defend him against his action.(用defense改写句子)

He has hired a lawyer in his defense against his action.

(2)American people are wondering whethe r the newly-elected president and his administration will keep the nation safe and defend it against (保护它不受……的伤害) any terrorist attack in the future.

7 process n.过程；进程；步骤，流程；v.处理；办理；加工

in the process of在……过程中

in the process在进行中

speed up the process加速进程

The house is still in the process of being built.

房子还在建设中。

Will you describe the process of building a boat?

你能描绘一下造船的步骤吗？

特别提醒

process表示做某事的方法或程序，其后可接of/for doing sth.，但一般不接不定式。

夯实基础

语法填空

The development of industry has been a gradual process throughout human existence, from stone tools to modern technology.

pretend v.假装；假扮behave to make people believe sth. is true or not true；装扮

pretend to do/to be doing/to have done假装要/正在/已经做某事

pretend to be＋adj./n.假装是……

I pretend that things are really okay when they’re not.

当情况不好的时候我假装一切顺利。

He pretended to be friendly to us.

他假装对我们友好。

夯实基础

(1)用所给词的适当形式填空

①Don’t pretend to understand(understand) when you don’t.

②When his mother came in，he pretended to be studying(study)．

③He pretended to have known(know) the answer to the problem already.

(2)Children are running around pretending to be (装成是……) aeroplanes.

9 respect vt. & n.尊敬；尊重；敬意have a good opinion of...or admire...

have/show respect for＝pay respect to尊敬；尊重

give/send respect to sb.向某人问候

in some respects在某些方面

in respect of＝with respect to关于，就……来说

respectable adj.值得尊敬的

respectful adj.表示敬意的

Consequently，those who do those most insignificant jobs should get respect as much

as those being engineers or teachers.

所以，那些从事最微不足道工作的人应该得到同工程师和教师一样的尊重。

(2013·广东·读写任务)

His work is good in respect of quality but bad in respect of quantity.

他的工作质量好但数量不够。

夯实基础

用respect的短语填空

(1)We often show respect for our leader，who is always showing a great deal of concern

for us.

(2)I am writing in respect of the complaint you made last week.

(3)In some respects I don’t agree with you completely.

10 approach v.靠近，接近draw near；走近；接洽；n.方法means；接近；通道；

路径path，road；接洽；建议

an approach to...做某事的方法/途径；接近，靠近

at the approach of在快到……的时候

be approaching ……快到了

just around/round the corner时间上临近地，马上，快要；距离上紧邻地，很近地

When I approached，they grew silent.

当我走近时，他们就不说话了。

I like her approach to the problem.

我喜欢她解决这个问题的方法。

夯实基础

(1)同义句改写

With the time for graduation approaching，we are busy with our papers.(用corner 短语改写句子)

With the time for graduation just around the corner，we are busy with our papers.

(2)翻译句子

通往宫殿的所有道路都有军队守卫。

All the approaches to the palace were guarded by troops.

stand for，in favour of，consist of，stand out，come down to，go ahead with，comment on，in detail

1．Similarly，you are representing your blog every time you comment on another blog. 2．UN stands for United Nations.

3．I will discuss it in detail later in this article.

4．Some are in favour of it；some are against it.

5．But，just what does a properly balanced diet consist of?

6．While she was away，he went ahead with the work and got a lot done.

7．You should pay great attention to the centre who stands out in the French team. 8．What it comes down to is whether we stay here or leave.

1

错误!

stand by站在旁边；袖手旁观；支持

stand out突出

stand doing/to do容忍做……

as it stands照此情况，照这个样子

from where I stand以我的观点立场

In China，these knots stand for friendship，love and good luck.

在中国，这些结代表着友谊、爱情和好运。(2013·新课标全国Ⅱ·书面表达) Please remember I’ll stand by you whatever happens.

请记住，无论如何，我都会支持你。

夯实基础

用stand短语的适当形式填空

(1)Ho w can you stand by and see him accused of something he didn’t do?

(2)The new road sign is easy to read；the words stand out well.

(3)I disagreed fundamentally with what the party stood for.

2 in favor of支持某事物；赞成

ask a favor of sb.求人帮一个忙

do a favor for sb.＝do sb.a favor帮某人一个忙

in one’s favor对某人有利

out of favor失宠的；不流行的

The exchange rate is in our favor for the time being.

汇率暂时对我们有利。

夯实基础

(1)Fortunately，the situation is in our favor(形势对我们有利) at the moment，so we are (sitting) on top of the world.

(2)Was he in favor of or against the plan(支持还是反对这个计划)?

(3)You are really very kind.I’ll never forget the favour you have done for me (你为我做的)．

3 consist of＝be made up of/be composed of由……组成

consist in＝lie in在于……；存在于……

be consistent with与……一致的；符合的

His breakfast consists of dry bread and a cup of tea.

他的早餐由不涂黄油的面包和一杯茶组成。

Good service consists in punctuality and dependability.

良好的服务在于守时与可靠。

特别提醒

consist of不使用被动语态和进行时。

夯实基础

同义句改写

This club consists of eight members.

(1)This club is made up of eight members.(用make up of改写句子)

(2)This club is composed of eight members.(用compose of改写句子)

4 go ahead with开始做，着手干

ahead of在……前面；领先further advanced than；早于earlier than,ahead of time提前

ahead of one’s time超越某人那个时代

go ahead前进；着手；进行；去做吧；开始吧

get ahead成功；出人头地

You are already ahead of schedule.

你已经比进度表提前很多了。

If so，you are ahead of the game.

如果是的话，你已经领先这个游戏。

夯实基础

翻译句子

(1)我们前面有一条河。(用倒装句)

Ahead of us lies a river.

(2)他在班上总是遥遥领先。

He is always well ahead of the rest of the class.

用所给词的适当形式填空

1．The church tower which is being restored (restore) will be open to tourists soon.The work is almost finished.

2．In the spoken English of some areas in the US，the “r” sound at the end of the words is dropped (drop)．

3．Every year a flood of farmers arrive in Shenzhen for the moneymaking jobs they have been promised (promise) before leaving their hometowns.

4．It’s no use crying (cry) over spilt milk.

5．Reading (read) English every day is a good way to improve English.

1 However，not all advertising is about selling products and services for a profit.然而，并非所有的广告都是为了赢利而推销商品和服务的。

句型公式：not all...

not all...＝all...not表示部分否定，也称半否定。

具有总括意义的代词each，everybody，everything，all，both等、形容词complete，

whole等和副词completely，always，wholly，altogether等与否定词not连用，构成部分否定，表示“不都；并非都”的意思。而no，none，never，nobody，neither，nothing，no more，no longer等表示否定意义的词与谓语一起使用构成了全部否定。

All my friends do not study well.＝Not all my friends study well.

我的朋友并不是个个都学习好。

Everything is not right.

并非什么都好。

夯实基础

把下列半否定的句子改为全否定

(1)Not everything she did pleased him.

Nothing she did pleased him.

(2)Both of them are not my brothers.

Neither of them is my brother.

(3)I do not remember all the formulas.

I remember none of the formulas.

(4)She is not always excited.

She is never excited.

2 According to a research published by Leeds University yesterday，people don’t mind bad language on television as long as it is not used in programmes watched by children.据利兹大学昨天发表的一项研究称，电视中的不良语言，只要不用于儿童节目，人们并不介意。

句型公式：as long as引导条件状语从句

as long as so long as只要，引导条件状语从句。

as long as还可译为“长达，和……一样长久”。

as far as远至；就……来说

as well as和……一样好；不但……而且也……

as soon as一……就……

In our life we may meet many failures，as long as we try our best，there’s no need to feel regret for these failures.

生活中我们可能遇到许多失败，但只要我们尽了力，就没有必要为失败而后悔。(2013·湖南·书面表达)

夯实基础

(1)You can make it so long as you work hard (只要你努力工作)．

(2)I’ll inform you of the latest news as soon as he comes (他一来)．

3 At the last minute，he jumped out of the truck，hurting his ankle...最后时刻，他从卡车上跳了出来，伤着了脚踝……

句型公式：现在分词短语作结果状语

现在分词(短语)作结果状语常表示“意料、情理之中”，这种分词的逻辑主语既可以是句子的主语，也可以是前边的整个句子，逻辑主语为前边的整个句子时，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。不定式(短语)作结果状语常表示出乎意料的结果。

The child fell，striking his head against the door.

小孩摔了一跤，头在门上碰了一下。

He hurried to the bus stop，only to find the bus had left.

他匆匆地去了车站，结果发现车已离开。

夯实基础

(1)He got up late and hurried to his office，leaving the breakfast untouched (早餐动都没动)．

(2)同义句改写

A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，resulting in an increase in production.(改为which引导的非限制性定语从句)

A number of new machines were introduced from abroad，which resulted in an increase in production.

Ⅰ.教材活用——根据课文内容完成下面的短文

World News

Scotland

The political leaders from eight of the world’s 1.wealthiest (wealthy) nations will meet in Scotland this summer.2.They will discuss the topic of Africa in detail.There are many problems 3.for African people to solve，such as poverty，sex education and health care.People from all over the world have demanded 4.that the leaders 5.(should) cancel (cancel) the debt of Africa’s 6.poorest (poor) countries to help them escape the painful pasts.

London

At 12∶45 UK time today，London was being announced by the IOC in Singapore to be the host city for 7.the 2012 Olympic Games.London now has the distinction of being the first city 8.to host (host) the event three times.The good news makes the people in London so delighted 9.that they celebrate 10.it everywhere.

Ⅱ.课外拓展——阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式

A

A：Any good news?

B：Not really.I was talking without being 1.asked(ask) in class.So I was left behind after school yesterday.

A：Better keep quiet 2.in class.

B：Sometimes I do.The day before yesterday，I was quiet in my history class but I still 3.had(have) to stay after school.

A：I don’t understand.

B：Because I fell asleep.But it wasn’t my 4.fault.The lesson was dull.

A：I advise you to take school more 5.seriously(serious)．If you don’t pass your exam，you will have to drop out and work 6.as a result.

B：I don’t think 7.it makes much difference.8.If I have a job，I have to do dull work every day.But now I am in school，I 9.must listen to dull teachers every day. A：Something must be wrong with you.Go to 10.the psychologist first.

B

Regrets are painful emotions—but surprisingly，there may be an upside to them.Painful 1.as/though they are，regrets can actually inspire us to future success，according to a latest study 2.by two US universities.

Researchers identified two different types of regrets.One was action regrets，based on something that3.had happened (happen)．The other was inaction regrets，which concerned something a person didn’t do 4.but wished he or she had.

According to th e UK’s Daily Mail，they surveyed 370 adults，evenly split between men and women，5.who were asked to discuss one strong regret in detail，whether it was 6.an action or inaction regret and how long the pain lasted for afterwards.The

most common regrets were 7.about love，education and work.

And results showed that action regrets in the beginning were very painful，but didn’t last as long as inaction regrets.

Also，women，who tended to value 8.social (society) relationships more than men，had more regrets of love https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a315936078.html,pared(compare) to men.On the contrary，men were more likely to have work-related regrets.

Researchers also claimed that regrets—particularly inaction 10.ones—can spur us on to future success，as they drive us to take chances and make sure we don’t suffer the same feeling of missing out again.

(一)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

“I can’t find my sunglasses in broad daylight，but I can find the snooze button(止闹按钮) on my alarm，even if it is a meter away with both eyes closed，heavy with sleep.” This is the closing line of an article I read on sleep recently.The moment I read it，it reminded me almost everybody longs for those extra few moments of sleep everyday.

However，the “I am very sleepy” phase reaches its peak during one’s teenage.Teens are often badly blamed for staying up late and falling asleep in class.

The one thing that I will never forget about my school days is the lack of sleep.Because of assignments，we hardly used to get 5～6 hours every day so once or twice a month we used to take a day off just to sleep.Though I never fell asleep during class I used to feel tired all the time.Once a classmate fell asleep as she was sitting and drafting patterns.Another classmate once fell asleep while she stopped her car at a signal and woke up only when everybody was honking around her.

It is a fact that teens and young adults require around 9.5 hours of sleep per night.During the teen years，the body’s internal biological clock is temporarily reset，telling a person to fall asleep later and wake up later.

Though this seems like a valid(正当的) excuse，it is not at all useable.For teen years are usually our busiest years coinciding with board exams，cultural and sport activities，and college admissions.Even when we feel irritated，we have to get up and be out there.

Recently，some researchers have suggested middle school classes begin later in the morning to meet teens’ need for more sleep.Of course that’s not going to happen soon，so we’d have to make our own adjustments to avoid sleep loss.If you can’t sleep at night，my advice would be to read a boring book or a subject book that you find less interesting so you would be asleep in no time.

1．The author’s purpose in writing this passage is to .

A．tell us about teenagers’ loss of sleep

B．show us how to deal with loss of sleep

C．warn us of the harm of sleeping too much

D．tell us how to get enough sleep at night

答案 A

解析写作目的题。文章首先指出青少年时期最容易犯困，接着下文给出了青少年时期容易犯困的原因。由此可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告诉我们青少年缺乏睡眠的情况。2．According to the passage，what results in the students’ lack of sleep? A．Bad sleeping environment.

B．Having dreams at night.

C．Staying up very late.

D．Reading late into the night.

答案 C

解析细节理解题。根据第三段第二句可知，繁重的作业让青少年缺少睡眠，也就是说，过多的作业让青少年睡得晚；根据第四段第二句可知，在青少年时期，生物钟会暂时重置，从而使青少年睡得晚。由此可知，青少年很晚才睡导致他们睡眠不足，故选C项。

3．For those with sleep problems，the author suggests they .

A．go to bed earlier

B．take fewer examinations

C．get up a bit later

D．read boring books in bed

答案 D

解析细节理解题。由最后一段最后一句可知，作者对于晚上睡不着觉提出的调整建议是：睡觉前看枯燥的书来催眠。

4．The valid excuse students give for their sleep in class is .

A．that they have a lot of exams to prepare for

B．their need of 9.5 hours of sleep per night

C．that the biological clock is temporarily reset

D．that they feel very tired as a result of much homework

答案 C

解析推理判断题。由第四段第二句可知，青少年身体内的生物钟被临时重置，这让他们睡得晚，醒得迟。第五段第一句中的this指的便是第四段第二句讲的生物钟被临时重置这件事。由此可以推知，学生对上课睡觉给出的充分理由是：生物钟被临时重置。

B

According to the US Geological Survey，about seven million earthquakes strike worldwide every year—but fortunately，only about 1,500 of these are of a magnitude(震级) of 5 or greater on the Richter scale.Certain areas，such as California and Japan，are more prone to earthquakes than others.Although the chance of being caught in “The Big One” is remote，it’s wise to be prepared if you live in a region where earthquakes are common.

Educate your family about earthquakes before a big one strikes.For example，they need to know to take shelter in a doorway or under a strong object if indoors，and never to run outdoors if they are inside.If outside，they need to know to stay away from power lines and buildings where objects could fall.

Teach family members how to turn off gas or water lines or electrical power that may need to be shut off after a quake if severe damage occurs.

Develop a plan.Where will your family meet in the event of a disaster？What if some people are at work or school？How will you know if they are safe？Where will you all meet up?

Pack a preparedness kit(衣物装备) and keep it in a safe location.In a major earthquake，it’s possible that you won’t be able to get into your house.Keep supplies in your car trunk or an outside storage shed if possible.Pack whatever your family is likely to need，enough for three days to a week，including food，water，medication，first aid and personal hygiene supplies，flashlights，a portable radio，blankets，clothes and shoes，cash，or camp stove，candles，matches or lighters，and a whistle. Consider earthquake insurance for your home if you live in an earthquake-prone area.Regular homeowner’s insurance doesn’t cover earthquake damage.

5．The underlined words “prone to” in Paragraph 1 can be replaced by “ ”．A．likely to suffer from

B．frequent to explore

C．quick to discover

D．impossible to experience

答案 A

解析词义猜测题。根据第一段最后一句中的“...a region where earthquakes are common.”及最后一段中的in an earthquake-prone area可推知，prone意为“易于发生某事的”，因此四个选项中只有A项能够取代画线词。

6．According to the passage，if you are outside in an earthquake，you should . A．stay where you are

B．hide under a big tree

C．avoid power lines

D．sit on the ground

答案 C

解析细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句可知，如果地震时你在室外，你应该远离电线或建筑物，故选C项。

7．We can learn from the passage that .

A．about 1,500 earthquakes happen every year

B．people should store some clothes in their houses in advance

C．family members should meet in their home after an earthquake

D．people living in earthquake-prone areas should buy earthquake i nsurance

答案 D

解析细节理解题。根据文章最后一段可知，居住在地震多发地区的人们应该考虑买地震保险，因此D项正确。

8．What would be the best title for the passage?

A．How to Keep Safe in an Earthquake

B．How to Prepare for an Earthquake

C．Who Can Help Us after an Earthquake?

D．Where Is an Earthquake-prone Are a?

答案 B

解析标题归纳题。文章第一段最后一句点明文章的主题：我们应该为地震做些准备。接下来的几段都是介绍的如何做准备，因此B项为最佳标题。

Ⅱ.阅读填空

1 But science may have just proved them right—because beautiful women are more likely to have daughters than their plainer counterparts，according to a study. As parents tend to pass on genes that determine looks，this could result in handsome men becoming rather thin on the ground.

2 For example，Yasmin Le Bon is signed to the same modelling agency as daughter Amber，and Jerry Hall’s daughters Elizabeth and Georgia Jagger have both taken to the catwalk.

Dr Satoshi Kanazawa，of the London School of Economics，analysed data from a survey of 17,000 babies born in Britain in March 1958 and tracked them throughout their lives.

3 When they reached 45，they were asked about the gender of any children they had. Those rated as attractive were equally likely to have a son or daughter as their first child but the unattractive sorts were more likely to have a son. 4

Dr Kanazawa believes that parents tend to produce children who benefit from their own features. 5 So it pays for attractive women to have daughters.But couples blessed with strength and aggression rather than looks are better off having boys，as these characteristics are of more use to males.

A．Women are becoming more beautiful over the generations because attractive women have more children than plain ones.

B．Single girls have always complained that good-looking men are difficult to find. C．Beauty is of more benefit to a woman than a man.

D．At the age of seven，their attractiveness was rated by their teachers.

E．Put another way，the beautiful women were more likely to have daughters. F．And it may also explain why many models have daughters who follow in their fascinating footsteps.

G．Famously good-looking parents like Tom Cr uise and Katie Holmes are more likely to have girls than uglier couples.

答案 1.B 2.F 3.D 4.E 5.C

Ⅲ.语法填空

The task of being accepted and enrolled in a university begins early for some students.Long before they graduate 1.from high school，these students take special courses to prepare for advanced study.They may also take one or more examinations that test 2.how well prepared they are for the university.In the final year of high school，they complete 3.applications (apply) and send them，with their student records，to the universities 4.which/that they hope to enter.Some high school students may be required to have an interview 5.with people from the university.Neatly dressed and usually very frightened，they are determined to show that they have a good attitude and the ability to succeed.

After the new students 6.are accepted (accept)，many colleges and universities offer 7.an instruction program for them to get to know the procedures for registration and students advising，university rules，the use of the library and all the 8.other major services of the university.

Beginning a new life in a new place can be very 9.puzzling (puzzle)．The more knowledge students have about the school，the easier 10.it will be for them to adapt to the new environment.However，it takes time to get used to college life.

Ⅳ.短文改错

About 70 million American are trying to lose weight.That’s almost one out of three in United States.Some ate less of certain foods ，especial fat and sugar.

Others exercise ，take medicine or even have operations.Losing a weight is not easy ，and it can also cost lots of money.And why do many people in the US want lose weight ？Many people worry for not looking young and pretty.Other people worry about health.Many doctors say putting on too much weight are not healthy.Almost 30 million people weigh at least 20 percent much than their usual weight.

答案

About 70 million American Americans

are trying to lose weight.That’s almost one out of three in ∧the United States.Some ate eat less of certain foods ，especial especially

fat and sugar. Others exercise ，take medicine or even have operations.Losing a\ weight is not easy ，

and it can also cost lots of money.And But

why do many people in the US want ∧to lose weight ？Many people worry for about

not looking young and pretty.Other people worry about health.Many doctors say putting on too much weight are is

not healthy.Almost 30 million people weigh at least 20 percent much more

than their usual weight. (二)

Ⅰ.阅读理解

I am sitting in front of the computer.I need to write what I am going to do during the beautiful fall coming up in Vermont.I am nervous because I think that my life at this moment depends on how much I learned in the intensive English(英语精读) during the last four months.

All my life I have been a fighter.When I was five years old ，I had a very serious convulsion(痉挛) with high fever.The doctor gave the wrong medicine to me ，which caused me to lose my speech.The doctor told my mother that the medicine caused a lot of problems with my speech.He thought that I would never be able to speak well again or to learn another language.

But my mother sent me to a lot of teachers.Finally ，she sent me to Maria.She was a very nice person.She believed in me ，and thought that I would speak again.The most amazing thing was that she taught me to read my mouth.I remember that I spent hours in front of the mirror and tried to repeat every word that I said.Imagine losing your speech and having to learn everything again.For me it was like being born again.I learned to talk and speak my native language ：Spanish.

Now ，I am studying English in Vermont.I can’t believe that I am learning another language.But ，I am ！I am crying because studying here makes me feel happy ，and it makes me smile when I remember what the doctors said to my mom ：“She will never be able to speak or to learn another language.”

Now ，I’m thinking about the beautiful fall leaf that is coming and what is going

to happen to me.Just as every leaf is going to fall from the trees，I am going to take every step in my studies and in my life.I try to think about this and be a grateful person.

1．From the underlined sentence in Paragraph 1，we can infer that the author . A．has learnt much from having English lessons

B．wonders if she can do well in English writing

C．worries about the progress in English study

D．feels eager to have a good time on an autumn day

答案 B

解析句意理解题。根据文意看出作者刚刚学习英语四个月，但又急于用英语写出自己将要

做的事情，因此担心写不好。

2．What can we learn from Paragraph 2?

A．The author always had convulsions in her childhood.

B．The wrong treatment made the author unable to speak.

C．The doctor tried his best to make the author speak.

D．It was the convulsion that led the author to have a fever.

答案 B

解析细节理解题。根据第二段第三句“The doctor gave the wrong medicine to me，which caused me to lose my speech.”可知答案为B项。

3．Which of the following is TRUE according to the text?

A．The author was discouraged faced with the disaster.

B．Her mother’s persistence played a great role in the author’s success. C．Maria found it difficult to teach the author at first.

D．The doctor’s words made the author’s mother completely disappointed.

答案 B

解析细节理解题。根据第三段，尽管大夫预测作者不可能再找回说话的能力，但是作者的

妈妈坚定地认为作者能够恢复，并为此积极多方求援，才促成了作者最终的成功。因此B项

正确。

4．Why could the author get back the ability of speaking?

A．Her mother encouraged her to practice every day.

B．She learnt quickly with a great talent for speech.

C．Maria taught her a method and she worked hard.

D．She was inspired by the doctor and her teacher.

答案 C

解析细节理解题。根据第三段，玛利亚教给作者一个方法，通过镜子观察自己的口型，经

过刻苦练习最终作者成功了。

Ⅱ.完形填空

As a young girl，I remember a very special doctor named Dr.William R．Vincent.When I was eight years old，I was with a serious heart 1 and I needed heart surgery.My mom did not have the 2 to have it done，and 3 the surgery I would not live to be thirteen years old.After 4 several organizations Dr.Vincent was 5 to get financial help for me through United Way，a Crippled Children’s Organization. Dr.Vincent was very 6 and caring.I remember when I was in the hospital for a(n) 7 before surgery，I was crying hysterically(歇斯底里地)．So the medical workers

8 Dr.Vincent to calm me down，and he was able to 9 me when no one else could.

10 ，the time came for me to have heart surgery；there was a fifty-percent 11 that

I would not make it through the surgery.At that time I was only the second or third person to have it.I was really 12 ，and again Dr.Vincent reassured me he would 13 that everything would be all right.

Fortunately，the surgery was 14 painful but very successful.Dr.Vincent came to see me and 15 me a toy animal.I was so surprised to get this 16 from Dr.Vincent；I gave him a hug.I had a wonderful doctor who 17 the time to help a scared little girl who felt all 18 .This was twenty eight years ago，so wherever you are，Dr.Vincent，I want to thank you for not only 19 my life，but you helped me live a(n) 20 productive life.

1．A.problem B．question

C．matter D．puzzle

答案 A

解析作者8岁的时候患了心脏病，故此处用problem。question指对某事怀疑而提出等待

回答的“问题”；matter事情，问题；puzzle谜语。

2．A.condition B．occasion

C．money D．time

答案 C

解析根据第一段最后一句中的“...to get financial help for me...”可以推知，作者

家里经济条件不好，没有钱做手术。

3．A.beyond B．without

C．through D．beside

答案 B

解析联系下文中的“...I would not live to be thirteen years old.”可知，不做手术

作者就活不过13岁，故without符合语境。

4．A.joining B．connecting

C．reaching D．contacting

答案 D

解析根据下文内容可知，这里是指联系(contact)几个组织，寻求经济援助。

5．A.able B．ready

C．willing D．happy

答案 A

解析根据下文作者可以做手术可知，Dr.Vincent为作者争取到了经济援助。be able to do sth.表示成功做某事，符合语境。

6．A.careful B．generous

C．honest D．gentle

答案 D

解析结合下文Dr.Vincent对待作者的言行举止可推知，Dr.Vincent温和、善良而且有耐心，所以用gentle来形容他很恰当。

7．A.check B．exam

C．test D．watch

答案 C

解析此处是指做手术之前的各种“检查”。test在此处指“(医学)检查，化验”。check

侧重于“核实”；exam考试；watch注视。

8．A.depended on B．searched for

C．woke up D．called in

答案 D

解析此处是指医务人员把Dr.Vincent叫进来稳住作者。call in叫进来，符合语境。9．A.prevent B．comfort

C．protect D．move

答案 B

解析结合上下文可知，这里指只有Dr.Vincent能够安慰(comfort)作者。

10．https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a315936078.html,ter B．Now

C．Instead D．However

答案 A

解析“不久以后”，作者就被送去做手术了。

11．A.chain B．choice

C．chance D．change

答案 C

解析根据空前的fifty-percent可以推知，有百分之五十的“可能”手术会失败。chance 可能性，符合语境。

12．A.fortunate B．frightened

C．satisfied D．nervous

答案 B

解析因为这种手术在过去很罕见，而且由上文可知，手术成功的机会只有一半，所以作者害怕也是很正常的。frightened害怕的，符合语境。

13．A.know B．catch

C．find D．see

答案 D

解析Dr.Vincent向作者保证，他会确保一切顺利。see在此意为“确保”，符合语境。14．A.extremely B．specially

C．fairly D．hardly

答案 A

解析联系下文的but very successful可推知，这种心脏手术极其(extremely)痛苦。15．A.took B．carried

C．brought D．held

答案 C

解析这里是指Dr.Vincent给作者带来(bring)一个可爱的小动物玩具。

16．A.regret B．award

C．support D．gift

答案 D

解析收到Dr.Vincent送的礼物(gift)作者感到很惊喜。

17．A.made B．took

C．lost D．wasted

答案 B

解析这里用take表示“花费(时间)”。

18．A.alone B．strange

(完整版)北师大版高中英语单词表

必修一 Learning to learn Questionnaire 问卷，调查表 Matter 要紧，有重大关系 Partner 合作者，搭档 Unit 1 Warm up Lifestyle 生活方式 *shepherd 牧羊人 Peaceful 平静的，和平的 Relaxing 轻松的，放松的 Stressful 充满压力的，紧张的 Suppose 认为，猜想 Lesson 1 *series 系列节目；系列 TV series 电视连续剧 Cartoon 卡通片，动画片 Talk show 谈话节目，现场访谈 *complain 抱怨；投诉 *couch 长沙发，睡椅 Couch potato 终日懒散在家的人 Switch 转换，转变 Switch on 把开关打开，接通 Switch over 转换频道，转变 Switch off 把关掉，关上 BBC= British Broadcasting Corporation 英语广播公司 Portable 轻便的，手提（式）的 Remote 遥远的 Remote control 遥控 *workaholic 工作狂 Paperwork 日常文书工作 Alarm 警报，警告器 Alarm clock 闹钟 Go off （铃，爆竹等）响 Take up 占据 Be filled with 充满着 Urgent 急迫的，紧急的 Document 公文，文件 Midnight 午夜，半夜 Bored 厌烦的，不感兴趣的 Lesson 2 Stress 压力 Studio 演播室，工作室Expert 专家 Suffer 遭受（痛苦），感到疼痛Suffer from 忍受，遭受Pressure 压力 Social 社交的，社会的 Reduce 减少，降低 Organize 组织 Diet 饮食，节食 Prefer 更喜欢，宁愿 Stand 忍耐，忍受 Lesson 3 Volunteer 志愿者 Graduate 毕业 Minus 零下，负 Basin 脸盆 Challenge 挑战 Support 支持，支撑 Dial 拨（电话号码） Design 设计 Advertisement 广告Presentation 表演，展示 *slove 解决，解答 Lesson 4 Accountant 会计，会计师Tube （英）地铁 Crowded 拥挤的 Nearby 附近的 在附近 Otherwise 否则，另外Forecast 预报，预测 Crowed 人群，一伙人 Lung 肺 Sickness 疾病 Distance 距离 Distance learning 远程学习Cigar 雪茄烟 Communication Workshop At the moment 此刻，目前Over the years 数年间 *survey 调查 Classical 古典的 Mini-skirt迷你裙，超短裙Formal 正式的，合礼仪的Cycle 骑自行车

2018高考英语【必考重点词组】汇总(天识教育内部资料)

2018高考英语【必考重点词组】汇总 - A - a big headache 令人头痛的事情 a fraction of 一部分 a matter of concern 焦点 a series of 一系列，一连串 above all 首先，尤其是 absent from 不在，缺席 abundant in 富于 account for 解释 accuse sb of sth 控告 add to/add up to 增加 after all 毕竟，究竟 agree with 同意 ahead of time/schedule 提前 ahead of 在 alien to 与 all at once 突然，同时 all but 几乎；除了 all of a sudden 突然 all over again 再一次，重新 all over 遍及 all right 令人满意的；可以 all the same 仍然，照样的 all the time 一直，始终 angry with sb at/about sth 生气，愤怒 anxious about/for 忧虑，担心 anything but 根本不 apart from 除 appeal to 吸引，申诉，请求 applicable to 适用于 apply to 适用 appropriate for/to 适当，合适 approximate to 近似，接近 apt at 聪明，善于

apt to 易于 around the clock 夜以继日 as a matter of fact 实际上 as a result(of) 因此，由于 as a rule 通常，照例 as far as ... be concerned 就...而言as far as 远至，到...程度 as follows 如下 as for 至于，关于 as good as 和 as if 好像，防腐 as regards 关于，至于 as to 至于，关于 as usual 像平常一样，照例 as well as 除 as well 同样，也，还 ashamed of 羞愧，害臊 aside from 除 ask for the moon异想天开 at a loss 茫然，不知所措 at a time 一次，每次 at all costs 不惜一切代价 at all events 不管怎样，无论如何at all times 随时，总是 at all 丝毫(不)，一点也不 at any rate 无论如何，至少 at best 充其量，至多 at first sight 乍一看，初看起来 at first 最初，起先 at hand 在手边，在附近 at heart 内心里，本质上 at home 在家，在国内 at intervals 不时，每隔 at large 大多数，未被捕获的 at last 终于 at least 至少

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