高中英语 情态动词专题讲解(有答案)

语法专题——情态动词

情态动词框架图

常见情态动词：can/could; will/would; shall/should; may/might; need;

dare; must; ought to, have to

情态动词基本用法：肯定形式-----情态动词+ 动词原形/ + be done/have done

否定形式：情态动词+not+ 动词原形

一. 情态动词的基本用法

(1) can、be able to 和could

①can和be able to都表示能力，意思上没多大区别。但can只有现在和过去时（could），而be able to则有更多的形式。但当成功地完成某一具体动作时，通常不用could而用was/were able to来表示。这时was/were able to 相当于managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。

例句：Can you use chopsticks?

The wounded man still was able to get to the village and was saved in the end.

②can和could

can和could表示猜测，一般用于疑问句和否定句.

例句：--Can the news be true?

-It can’t be true.

③表示请求、允许（表请求时，口语中常用could 代替can 使语气更委婉，回答时用can）例子：Can I go now ?

-Could I come to see you tomorrow?

----Yes, you can. (否定回答可用No, I’m afraid not.)

④表示惊异、怀疑、不相信的态度（主要用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中）

例子：How can that be true? I can’t believe my eyes and ears.

How could you be so careless.?

⑤ can 的特殊用法

Can but 只好can’t but 不得不can’t …too 再….也不为过，越..越好can not but do 表示“不得不/只好做”can’t help but do 没有办法只有做

can’t chose but do 没有选择只能做can do nothing but do 只能做

have no choice but to do 别无选择而只有

例子：I can but wait.

I can’t but wait.

You can’t be too patient to the customers.

(2) may/might

①may/might表示可能，但may比might可能性大。

—Why isn’t he in class?

He may be sick.(生病的可能性较大)

—

He might be sick.(生病的可能性较小)

②may/might表示“请求、允许”，might 比may 的语气更委婉一些。may用于现在时或将来时，might常用在间接引语中表过去时，但might也可用于现在时间，表示比较委婉的语气，这个时候might不是may 的过去时，回答用may。

例句：-----May I watch TV now ?

---Yes, you may. (Yes, please)

---No, y ou mustn’t.

—May / Might I use your bike?

—No, you mustn’t/I’m afraid not

Yes, you can / may/Yes, please.

④may 可用于祈使句，表示祝愿。(不用might)

May we never forget each other.

May you succeed!

⑤ may/might as well 最好还是….., 不妨；may/might well 很可能.

例句：You might as well do it now.

He may well be late for class.

练习：用情态动词填空

1. It was so noisy that we __________ hear ourselves speak. (couldn’t)

2. The next day, Nicholas went out to look for help, but he ___________ find anyone. (couldn’t)

3. You __________feel all the training a waste of time, but I’m a hundred percent sure later you’ll be grateful you did it. (may)

4. Nicholas __________ (may) not have survived this snowstorm had it not been for TV. (might)

（3）must

①must表示必须，应该，没有时态变化。强调主观看法，只有现在时形式。Must 开头的问句，其否定回答要用needn’t 或don’t have to 来表达。

例子：

We must do it now.

--Must I hand in the paper today?

-Yes, you need/must.

--No, you needn’t /don’t have to.

②mustn’t 表示禁止做某事,表示说话者的命令或法律指令禁止，语气较强烈。

You mustn’t smoke in the office.

③还可以表示主语固执、偏要做他人不希望做的事

例子：It can’t help; he must do that.

（4）have to

have to 表示“必须、不得不”，是由于某种外界（客观）原因而“必须”，“不得不”做某事，也可表示经常的或习惯性的事“必须”做。have to的否定形式表示不必。have to可用于多种时态中。

You will have to clean your own boots when you join the army.

I have to be at my office every evening.

（5）ought to 表示义务和责任，意为“应该”, 比should 语气要强。

例子：You ought to take care of yourself.

练习：

1. ---Can’t you stay a little longer?

---It’s getting late. I really _________ go now. My daughter is home alone.. (must)

2. You _________be careful with the camera. It costs! (must)

3. You __________be Carol. You haven’t changed a bit after all these years. (must)

（6）will / would

Will 的用法

①will 用于各种人称表示“意志”、“意愿”或“决心”等，否定式won’t + 动词。

I will tell you all about it.

Tom won’t do such a thing.

②will用于疑问句中，常用在第二称时(you)表示说话人向对方提出“请求”或“询问”。

Will you please tell her the news when you see her?

Will you please go with me?

③will 可用来叙述真理，表示目前习惯性动作或习惯，有“总是”、“惯于”的含义。通常用于第三人称。

Fish will die out of water.

She will listen to records alone in her room for hours .

Would 的用法

④would 表示客气的请求、建议或意愿，比will 更委婉，指现在时间，多用于第二人称。Would you please be quiet?

Would you like coffee?

⑤would 表示过去反复发生的动作或过去的习惯。如：

When I passed my school I would see my teachers who taught me 5 years ago.

We would play badminton on Sundays.

（7）need

need 作“必要”讲，既可作情态动词，也可作实义动词。

①作情态动词后面直接跟动词原形need + v原形

例子：Need I come?

②作实义动词时后面的动词不定式要带to，sb. need(s) to do sth.

I need to think it over.

—Need you go now?

—Yes, I must./No, I needn’t

③ need 表需要时，可用want, require 替换sth need (s) to be done=sth need(s) doing sth.

例子：The desk needs repairing/ to be repaired.

练习：

To become transparent, an animal ___________ (need) to keep its body from absorbing or scattering light. (needs)

（8）dare

dare表示“敢”的意思。作为情态动词时，主要用在疑问句和否定句中。dare若作实义动词，在肯定句中要接to, 在疑问句中和否定句中to 可省去。

作为情态动词：How dare you say that?

作为实义动词：She doesn’t date (to) ask her father.

Do you dare (to) swim in the river ?

He dares to catch a snake.

（9）shall/ should

Shall的用法

①shall作为情态动词用于第二、三人称，表示说话人的意愿，有“命令”、“警告、威胁、强制”和“允许”等意思。

We shall do as our teacher says.

You shall have the book as soon as I finish it.

You shall be pubilished.

②在疑问句中，shall用于征求对方的意见或请求指示，常用于第一、第三人称。

Where shall he wait for us?

Shall I come in ?

Should 的用法

①表示责任、义务，意为应该。

You should listen to your doctor’s advice.

②表示惊讶语气，意为“竟然”

You should wear slippers in class.

③用于条件句，表示假如，万一；省去if , should 可提至句首。

Should you be late, apologize to the teacher.

二、“情态动词+have done”表示推测或判断的用法

(1) must have done 表示过去一定做过某事，该结构只用于肯定句中

例子：She must have made a big mistake.

(2) can’t /couldn’t have done 表示对过去事情的否定推测，译成不可能做过某事

例子：Mr. Smith can’t have gone to Beijing , for I saw him in the library just now.

(3) can have done 表示对过去行为的怀疑，用于疑问句，译成“可能做过…吗”

例子：There is nowhere to find him. Where can they have gone?

(4) could have done 是虚拟语气，表示对过去事情的假设，表示本来能够做某事而没有做

例子：He could have passed the exam, but he was too careless.

(5) may/might have done 表示对过去事情的推测。意思是可能已经或也许已经，用于肯定句中。或者用于虚拟语气中表示本来应该/可以做某事（实际上未做）

例子：---what has happened to George?

----I don’t know. He may have got lost.

例子：You might have given him more help, but you were so busy.

(6) would have done 用于虚拟语气中，表示对过去事情的假设，意思是本来会做,但实际做了;wouldn’t have done 本来不会做，但实际做了

例子：I would have told you all about the boy’s story, but you didn’t ask me.

(7) should have done 本应该做某事而实际上未做；shoul dn’t have done 本不应该做某事而实际上做了

例子：You should have told me about it earlier.

You shouldn’t have said such words to your parents.

(8) ought to have done 本应该做某事而实际上未做，而ought not to have done 本不应该做某事而实际上做了

例子：You ought to have told me about it earlier.

You ought not to have said such words to your parents.

(9) need have done 表示本来需要做某事而没有做；needn’t have done 本来不需要做某事而做了

例子：I needn’t have bought so much wine---only five people came.

例子：He need have hurried to the station . In some case, he woul dn’t have missed the train.

情态动词练习：

单句语法填空

1. I can’t find my purse. Ｉ____________ (leave) it in the supermarket yesterday, but I’m not sure. (could/might have left)

2. I don’t know where she is; she ___________ be in Wu han. (may)

3. The road is wet. It __________ have rained last night. (must)

4. You __________ be punished if you cheat in the exam. (shall)

5. Don’t worry. I’ve just sent an ambulance to you. They ___________ be there any second. (should)

6. I _____________ have gone to the school library, but it rained heavily, so I did not. (should)

单句改错

1. As a kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked t watch them, my parents would not to let me. (省略not)

2. Then he and my mother would have had a drink while she prepared dinner and they would talk about his day and hers.(去掉had)

3. Some classmates suggest we can go to places of interest nearby. (把can 变为should 或者省略)

4. We must found ways to protect our environment. （found 变为find）

5. You had better not to have stayed there, but you did. (去掉not)

6. My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys last. My attitude changed from then on. (把must 改为could /might)

7. I have been practicing for three weeks now, but I still couldn’t get u sed to it---in fact, I’ve nearly killed three people. (couldn’t 变为can’t)

8. Thank you for all you have done for me. Mom, though I may often say it, I do love you. (may 后面加not)

9. Judging from what you said, he ought succeed. (ought 后面加not)

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必须.一定（法律.法规等）动 词原形 2. Women who are exposed to second-hand smoke during their pregnancy can be at risk of abortion.能，会，可以(表示有能力或机会) 动词原形 二、常考情态动词的关键用法 (一) can 1. －Jim，it is time you went to bed．You need to get up early tomorrow. －It’s not f air，Mary can stay up till ten hut I have to go to bed at eight. 可以(表示允许) it were not for the fact that she can't sing，I would invite her to the party. 能，会，可以(表示有能力) 3. Luckily, iron can be reworked and mistakes don't have to be thrown away 能够，可以(表示某事物的特点) can be really difficult to get along with at times even though he’s a

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