Contrast Analysis on Chinese and English Sentence Structures Based on Subject-prominent an

校园英语 / 语言文化研究

2.逻辑连接词缺失。在第二个论点中在进行对evidence和第一个conclusion的阐述时没有关键的逻辑连接词，使得结构不够明确；

3.逻辑混乱。同样在第二个论点当中，同学一依次进行了evidence、conclusion、comparison、conclusion的并列式叙述，但evidence、comparison、conclusion不属于同一层面，而是递进关系，期间也没有出现任何类别的逻辑连接词，造成逻辑混乱；

4.重复。由于整体逻辑的混乱，导致了延伸部分的分析与第一个论点中的分析内容重复，同时也没有使用任何解释举例类别的逻辑连接词进行提示；

六、结语

论点和例证是辩论发言的整个框架所在，它在帮助选手构建发言内容的同时，还在比赛中为评委老师提供评判思路，赢得比分。构建逻辑性强的论点和例证更是可以提高选手的逻辑思辨性，对于其他领域的工作学习也有帮助。参考文献：

[1]胡壮麟.语篇的衔接与连贯[M].上海:上海外语教育出版社, 1994.

[2]陈娜.汉语逻辑思维对英语连接词运用的负迁移影响[J].海外英语,2011.

[3]黄伯荣,廖序东.现代汉语[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2011.

[4]Halliday,M.A.K.& Hasan.Cohesion in English[M].London: Longman Group Limited,1976.

[5]Jos,Martin.The Five Clocks[M].Indiana University Research Center,1962.

作者简介：

孔令书(1995.1-)，男，汉族，黑龙江哈尔滨人，本科学历，研究方向：二语习得。

陈钻钻(1995.5-)，男，汉族，浙江江山人，本科学历，研究方向：二语习得。

Contrast Analysis on Chinese and English Sentence Structures Based on Subject-prominent and

Topic-prominent Features

陕西国际商贸学院/李丹

I. Introduction

In the past，it was believed that subject-predicate sentence structure is shared by both Chinese and English; however，confusion was aroused when western linguistic theories were directly applied to Chinese studies，for they failed to address problems in Chinese studies. In recent years，many scholars thought there are four basic types of languages：subject-prominent language，topic-prominent language，both subject and topic-prominent language，and neither subject nor topic prominent language，arguing Mandarin has the element ‘topic’ and is a topic-prominent language (Li & Thompson，1975; 1981). Therefore，the view that the subject-predicate sentence structure is shared by both Chinese and English was no longer held.

II. Contrast between Chinese and English Sentence Structures

English and Chinese differ greatly，and English has been held as subject-prominent language while Chinese is the topic-prominent one，for they are rooted in different language families：Indo-European family and Sino-Tibetan one.

i. Properties of topic in Chinese

Chinese is a topic-prominent language with the topic-comment structure. Topic，the nucleus of a sentence，is what the sentence talks about. The rest part is comment，provides description or explanation towards the topic and is the main information flow. This sentence structure doesn’t have comprehensive grammatical rules，with meaning being the key factor. Cao (1995) states six features of topic in Chinese，while Ma (2010) addresses four when discussing the differences between topic and subject. This section talks about the features of topic as follows：

1) Topic always occupies the initial position of a topic chain.

Topic usually takes the sentence-initial position and is the starting point of information and what the speaker assumes the listener knows about. Continuing from the topic，the speaker gives new information. In the following examples，the underlined phases，the topics，occupy the initial positions and are what the sentences are addressed at. The rest of the sentences are expended around the topic to provide more information about the topics.

这些作业，最好这周五之前交。

如果他也去的话，我就不去了。

2) Topic is identified with modal particles denoting pause，

i.e.啊 (呀)，呢，嘛，吧.

If the insertion of a modal particle is allowed between one noun phrase and the remainder of the sentence，it can be safely deduced that this noun phrase is the topic of the whole sentence. In the examples，each underlined phrase is ended with a modal particle (呀，嘛)，and is the topic. These modal particles are the marks indicating the topic in a sentence.

法国嘛，今年不去了。

这件衣服呀，真好看！

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