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英语-阅读理解(三)

(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)

一、Reading Comprehension(总题数：0，分数：0.00)

二、Passage 1(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

When I was a kid, I never knew what my parents—or anyone else—did for a living. As far as I could tell, all grownups had mysterious jobs that involved drinking lots of coffee and arguing about Richard Nixon. If they had job-related stress, they kept it private. Now American families are expected to be more intimate. While this has resulted in a lot more hugs, "I love you," and attendance at kids' football games, unfortunately we parents also insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives.

While we have complained about our jobs or fallen asleep in car-pool lines, our children have been noticing. They are worried about us. A new survey, "Ask the children," conducted by the Families and Work Institute of New York City, queried more than 1,000 kids between the ages of 8 and 18 about their parents' work lives. "If you were granted one wish to change the way your parents' work affected your life," the survey asked kids, "what would that wish be?" Most parents assumed that children would want more time with them, but only 10% did. Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stressed and tired by work.

Allison Kevin is the mother of three young children and a professional in the growing field of "work/life quality". Kevin counsels employees who are overwhelmed by their work and family obligations to carefully review their commitments—not only at the office but at home and in the community too—and start paring them down. "It's not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done," she says. "It's about saying no and making choices."

We can start by leaving work, and thoughts of work, behind as soon as we start the trip home. Do something to get yourself in a good mood, like listening to music, rather than returning calls on the cell phone. When you get home, change out of your work clothes, let the answering machine take your calls, and stay away from e-mail. When your kids ask about your day, tell them about something good that happened. (In the survey, 69% of moms said they liked their work, but only 42% of kids thought their mothers really did.)

Parents can also destress by cutting back on their children's activities. If keeping up with your kid's schedule is killing you, insist that he chooses between karate lessons and the theater troupe. Parents should also sneak away from work and family occasionally to have some fun. I keep a basketball in the trunk of my car. I might never be able to fix everything at work or at home, but at least I can work on my jump shot.

（分数：20.00）

(1).Which of the following sentences can be the best title of this passage?

A. Kids Say. Chill.

B. Kids Stress Parents.

C. Parents Complain about work.

D. Parents Get in Good Mood.（分数：4.00）

A. √

解析：[解析] 综观全文，A项为正确答案。

(2).The author mentions her own childhood experience to show that ______.

A. she never understood why her parents had odd jobs and argued about the president

B. she didn't know what her parents did to earn money to support the family when she was young

C. she did understand why the American became more and more close and hugged a lot

D. she could see that the American parents keep the stress and tiredness from work to themselves （分数：4.00）

D. √

解析：[解析] 本题的题干处是说作者提及她的童年经历的目的。依据句是第一段最后一句的“unfortunately we parents als o insist on sharing the frustrations of our work lives. (不幸的是，现在的父母同时也在与子女‘分享’工作上的挫折。)”据此可知，D项为正确答案。

(3).We can infer from the second paragraph that nowadays the children ______.

A. are very anxious about their parents for their hard work

B. are looking forward to being with their parents

C. are very considerate about their parents

D. are very ambitious to change their parents' work（分数：4.00）

C. √

解析：[解析] 本题可参照第二段的最后一句“Instead, the most common wish (among 34%) was that parents would be less stre ssed and tired by work. ”据此可知C项为正确答案。

(4).The phrase "paring them down" in the third paragraph most likely means ______.

A. gathering the work and family duties together

B. matching the work quality to life quality

C. decreasing the defeating commitments

D. denying to fulfill their work and family obligations（分数：4.00）

C. √

解析：[解析] 本题可根据后面的一句话来帮助选择，"It's not about getting up earlier in the morning so you can get more done," she says. "It's about saying no and making choices."(Levin说：“这并不是要你早点起床来多干些事情，而是要你学会说‘不’，学会做选择。”)由此推知“paring them down”的意思是减少不重要的事务。所以C项为正确答案。

(5).Which of the following is NOT the way to destress the parents' heavy burden?

A. Forgetting about the job as soon as leaving the office.

B. Reducing participating the activities for the office.

C. Sharing with the children some happy experience.

D. Taking part more actively in community activities.（分数：4.00）

D. √

解析：[解析] D项与短文中的描述正好相反。

三、Passage 2(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

The biographer has to dance between two shaky positions with respect to the subject (研究对象). Too close a relation, and the writer may lose objectivity. Not close enough, and the writer may lack the sympathy necessary to any effort to portray a mind, a soul—the quality of life. Who should write the biography of a family, for example? Because of their closeness to the subject,

family members may have special information, but by the same token, they may not have the distance that would allow them to be fair. Similarly, a king's servant might not be the best one to write a biography of that king. But a foreigner might not have the knowledge and sympathy necessary to write the king's biography—not for a readership from within the kingdom, at any rate. There is no ideal position for such a task. The biographer has to work with the position he or she has in the world, adjusting that position as necessary to deal with the subject. Every position has strengths and weaknesses, to thrive, a writer must try to become aware of these, evaluate them in terms of the subject, and select a position accordingly.

When their subjects are heroes or famous figures, biographies often reveal a democratic motive, they attempt to show that their subjects are only human, no better than anyone else. Other biographies are meant to change us, to invite us to become better than we are. The biographies of Jesus (耶稣) found in the Bible are in this class.

Biographers may claim that their account is the "authentic" one. In advancing this claim, they are helped if the biography is "authorized" by the subject; this presumably allows the biographer special access to private information. "Unauthorized" biographies also have their appeal, however, since they can suggest an independence of mind in the biographer. In book promotions, the "unauthorized" characterisation usually suggests the prospect of juicy gossip that the subject had hoped to suppress. A subject might have several biographies, even several "authentic" ones. We sense intuitively that no one is in a position to tell "the" story of a life, perhaps not even the subject, and this has been proved by the history of biography.

（分数：20.00）

(1).According to the author, an ideal biographer would be one who ______.

A. knows the subject very well and yet maintains a proper distance from him

B. is close to the subject and knows the techniques of biography writing

C. is independent and knows the techniques of biography writing

D. possesses special private information and is sympathetic toward the subject（分数：4.00）

A. √

解析：[解析] 推论题。问根据作者的意见，一个理想的传记作家会是什么样的人。文章第一段便指出：“……与研究对象关系过于密切，作家就会失去客观性。与研究对象关系不够密切，作家就会缺乏写传记所需要的那种同情心。”A项说“既非常了解研究对象，又能与之保持一个适当的距离”，这样，就既能保持应

有的同情心，又能保持客观性，不失公允。看来理想的传记作家应能准确地把握自己与研究对象之间关系的这个度。B、C、D三项均不合适，因为三者均没有把作家与研究对象之间的关系作为一个参照标准。故

答案为A项。

(2).The author cites the biographies of Jesus in the Bible in order to show that ______.

A. the best biographies are meant to transform their readers

B. biographies are authentic accounts of their subjects' lives

C. the best biographies are those of heroes and famous figures

D. biographies can serve different purposes（分数：4.00）

D. √

解析：[解析] 推论题。问作者引述《圣经》中耶稣传记的目的何在。A项说：“最好的传记旨在改变读者。”由于文中并未提到传记的优劣标准，因此该项不合题意。C项说：“最好的传记是关于英雄和名人的传记。”这也牵涉到传记优劣的标准问题。B项说：“传记是被研究对象生活的真实写照。”这句话本身没有错，

但不是作者想要说明的。第三段中指出：“当它们的研究对象是英雄或名人时，传记作品常常表现一个平民化的主题：它们试图表明这些英雄或名人只是人，只是一些普普通通的人。另一类传记旨在改变我们，想让我们变得比现在更好。《圣经》中耶稣传记就属于这一类。”这里举出两类传记作品，它们的目的不同。作者的真正用意是想说明D项所包含的内容，即“传记作品能为不同的目的服务。”故答案应为D项。

(3).Which of the following statements is true, according to the passage?

A. An authentic biography seldom appeals to its readers.

B. An authentic biography is one authorized by the subject.

C. No one can write a perfect biography.

D. Authorized biographies have a wider readership.（分数：4.00）

C. √

解析：[解析] 正误判断题。通过阅读全文，我们可以领会作者的用意：传记写作难。C项“任何人都不会写出十全十美的传记。”这种看法比较客观，易于接受，也同作者的基本观点相吻合。故答案为C项。

(4).An unauthorized biography is likely to attract more readers because ______.

A. it portrays the subject both faithfully and vividly

B. it contains interesting information about the subject's private life

C. it reveals a lot of accurate details unknown to outsiders

D. it usually gives a sympathetic description of the subject's character（分数：4.00）

B. √

解析：[解析] 辨认事实题。问一部未经授权的传记作品可能会吸引更多的读者，原因何在。最后一段第四句话指出：在图书促销时，“未经授权的”传记作品通常暗示人们书中含有他们所期待的、所感兴趣的内幕情况，这些也是研究对象希望掩饰的。B项说“它包含着令人感兴趣的有关传记对象私生活的内容”，这句与上句话内容相吻合，故B项为正确答案。

(5).In this passage, the author focuses on ______.

A. the difficulty of a biographer in finding the proper perspective to do his job

B. the secret of a biographer to win more readers

C. the techniques required of a biographer to write a good biography

D. the characteristics of different kinds of biographies questions（分数：4.00）

A. √

解析：[解析] 主旨题。问作者在本文中谈论的主要是什么；综观全文，作者主要介绍了传记作家所面临的选择合适视角的问题。B、C、D三项均不是作者在文中主要论述的的内容。唯有A项合乎题意，故为正确答案。

四、Passage 3(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

Whether the eyes are "the windows of the soul" is debatable, that they are intensely important in interpersonal communication is a fact. During the first two months of a baby's life, the stimulus that produces a smile is a pair of eyes. The eyes need not be real: a mask with two dots will produce a smile. Significantly, a real human face with eyes covered will not motivate a smile, nor will the sight of only one eye when the face is presented in profile. This attraction to eyes as opposed to the nose or mouth continues as the baby matures. In one study, when American four-year-olds were asked to draw people, 75 percent of them drew people with mouths, but 99 percent of them drew people with eyes. In Japan, however, where babies are carried on their mothers' back,

infants do not acquire as much attachment to eyes as they do in other cultures. As a result, Japanese adults make little use of the face either to encode or decode meaning. In fact, Argyle reveals that the "proper place to focus one's gaze duringa conversation in Japan is on the neck of one's conversation partner. "

The role of eye contact in a conversational exchange between two Americans is well defined, speakers make contact with the eyes of their listener for about one second, then glance away as they talk; in a few moments they re-establish eye contact with the listener to reassure themselves that their audience is still attentive, then shift their gaze away once more. Listeners, meanwhile, keep their eyes on the face of the speaker, allowing themselves to glance away only briefly. It is important that they be looking at the speaker at the precise moment when the speaker

re-establishes eye contact, if they are not looking, the speaker assumes that they are disinterested and either will pause until eye contact is resumed or will terminate the conversation. Just how critical this eye maneuvering is to the maintenance of conversational flow becomes evident when two speakers are wearing dark glasses, there may be a sort of traffic jam of words caused by interruption, false starts, and unpredictable pauses.

（分数：20.00）

(1).The author is convinced that the eyes are ______.

A. of extreme importance in expressing feelings and exchanging ideas

B. something through which one can see a person's inner world

C. of considerable significance in making conversations interesting

D. something the value of which is largely a matter of long debate（分数：4.00）

A. √

解析：[解析] 辨认事实题。第一段第一句话指出：“眼睛是否是‘心灵的窗户’尚待讨论；然而眼睛在人与人的交往中极其重要乃是事实。”A项说“眼睛在表达情感和交流思想方面非常重要。”这与第一句话

内容相吻合，因为情感表达和思想交流是人际交往中的非常重要的一部分。故答案为A项。

(2).Babies will not be stimulated to smile by a person ______.

A. whose front view is fully perceived

B. whose face is covered with a mask

C. whose face is seen from the side

D. whose face is free of any covering（分数：4.00）

C. √

解析：[解析] 辨认事实题。问婴儿不会被哪种人逗笑。根据文章第一段中的第二、第三和第四句话，A、B、D中所提到的几种人都可能逗婴儿笑：C项内容与第四句后半句“脸侧对着孩子的人不会引起婴儿发笑”相符，故为正确答案。

(3).According to the passage, the Japanese fix their gaze on their conversation partner's neck because ______.

A. they don't like to keep their eyes on the face of the speaker

B. they need not communicate through eye contact

C. they don't think it polite to have eye contact

D. they didn't have much opportunity to communicate through eye contact in babyhood（分数：4.00）

D. √

解析：[解析] 辨认事实题。问根据本文，日本人在交谈中目光盯住对方的脖子原因何在。第一段第七句话指出：“在日本，由于婴儿趴在母亲的后背上，因此他们与其他文化中的婴儿相比不爱用目光进行交流。”D 项“在婴儿期他们没有多少机会通过目光接触进行交流”，与上句话意思相吻合，故为正确答案。

(4).According to the passage, a conversation between two Americans may break down due to ______.

A. one temporarily glancing away from the other

B. eye contact of more than one second

C. improperly-timed ceasing of eye contact

D. constant adjustment of eye contact（分数：4.00）

C. √

解析：[解析] 辨认事实题。问根据本文，由于什么原因两个美国人之间的谈话也许会中断。第二段第三句指出：“在说话人重新进行目光接触时，听话人看着说话人非常重要。如果他们不看说话人，对方会认为

他们不感兴趣。说话人要么会停止说话直到听话人恢复目光接触，要么就会终止会话。”C项“中止目光

接触的时机把握不当”，符合题意，故答案为C项。

(5).To keep a conversation flowing smoothly, it is better for the participants ______.

A. not to wear dark spectacles

B. not to make any interruptions

C. not to glance away from each other

D. not to make unpredictable pauses（分数：4.00）

A. √

解析：[解析] 辨认事实题。问为了使会话顺利进行下去，会话双方最好怎么做。B、D两项是戴墨镜造成

谈话人可能会出现的妨碍交谈的情况。C项是一般会话中不可避免的。A项“不要戴墨镜”与文章的最后一句话意思相近，故答案为A项。

五、Passage 4(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

A few common misconceptions. Beauty is only skin-deep. One's physical assets and liabilities don't count all that much in a managerial career. A woman should always try to look her best.

Over the last 30 years, social scientists have conducted more than 1,000 studies of how we react to beautiful and not-so-beautiful people. The virtually unanimous conclusion: Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. The data suggest, for example, that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, sought out as friends, and pursued romantically. With the possible exception of women seeking managerial jobs, they are also more likely to be hired, paid well, and promoted.

Un-American, you say, unfair and extremely unbelievable? Once again, the scientists have caught us mouthing pieties (虔诚) while acting just the contrary. Their typical experiment works something like this. They give each member of a group—college students, perhaps, or teachers or corporate personnel managers—a piece of paper relating an individual's accomplishments. Attached to the paper is a photograph. While the papers all say exactly the same thing the pictures are different. Some show a strikingly attractive person, some an average-looking character, and some an unusually unattractive human being. Group members are asked to rate the individual on certain attributes, anything from personal warmth to the likelihood that he or she will be promoted. Almost invariably, the better looking the person in the picture, the higher the person is rated. In the phrase, borrowed from Salppho, that the social scientists use to sum up the common perception, what is beautiful is good.

In business, however, good looks cut both ways for women, and deeper than for men. A Utah State University professor, who is an authority on the subject, explains: In terms of their careers, the impact of physical attractiveness on males is only modest. But its potential impact on females

can be tremendous, making it easier, for example, for the more attractive to get jobs where they are in the public eye. On another note, though, there is enough literature now for us to conclude that attractive women who aspire to managerial positions do not get on as well as women who may be less attractive.

（分数：20.00）

(1).According to the passage, people often wrongly believe that in pursuing a career as manager ______.

A. a person's property or debts do not matter much

B. a person's outward appearance is not a critical qualification

C. women should always dress fashionably

D. women should not only be attractive but also high-minded（分数：4.00）

B. √

解析：[解析] 作者在文章一开始就明确提出其观点：人们往往有一种误解——外貌对一个人担任管理职务没什么重要影响。接着在第二段用social scientists的实验表明：Looks do matter, more than most of us realize. B项正是此意。

(2).The result of research carried out by social scientists show that ______.

A. people do not realize the importance of looking one's best

B. women in pursuit of managerial jobs are not likely to be paid well

C. good-looking women aspire to managerial positions

D. attractive people generally have an advantage over those who are not（分数：4.00）

D. √

解析：[解析] 作者在第二段就给出了结论，第三、第四段用具体的实验情况说明这一结论的得出过程。D 项就是这个结论。

(3).Experiments by scientists have shown that when people evaluate individuals on certain attributes ______.

A. they observe the principle that beauty is only skin-deep

B. they do not usually act according to the views they support

C. they give ordinary-looking persons the lowest ratings

D. they tend to base their judgment on the individual's accomplishments（分数：4.00）

B. √

解析：[解析] A项是social scientists要用实验来反驳的，与实验结果相反，故排除。C、D两项与事实(实验结果)恰好相反。根据文章可知，许多美国人认为外貌并不重要(第一段的内容)，以貌取人是不公正、不可靠的、非美国式的做法，但social scientists的实验结果却表明：他们言行并不一致(第三段开头两句)。B项正是此意。

(4)."Good looks cut both ways for women" means that ______.

A. attractive women have tremendous potential impact on public jobs

B. good-looking women always get the best of everything

C. being attractive is not always an advantage for women

D. attractive women do not do as well as unattractive women in managerial positions（分数：4.00）

C. √

解析：[解析] 回答依据为紧随该句的professor的explanation。

(5).It can be inferred from the passage that in the business world ______.

A. handsome men are not affected as much by their looks as attractive women are

B. physically attractive women who are in the public eye usually do quite well

C. physically attractive men and women who are in the public eye usually get along quite well

D. good looks are important for women as they are for men（分数：4.00）

A. √

解析：

六、Passage 5(总题数：1，分数：20.00)

The way people hold to the belief that a fun filled, painfree life equals happiness actually reduces their chances of ever attaining real happiness. If fun and pleasure are equal to happiness then pain must be equal to unhappiness. But in fact, the opposite is true. more often than not things that lead to happiness involves some pain.

As a result, many people avoid the very attempts that are the source of true happiness. They fear the pain inevitably brought by such things as marriage, raising children, professional achievement, religious commitment (承担的义务), self improvement.

Ask a bachelor (单身汉) why he resists marriage even though he finds dating to be less and less satisfying. If he is honest he will tell you that he is afraid of making a commitment. For commitment is in fact quite painful. The single life is filled with fun, adventure, excitement. Marriage has such moments, but they are not its most distinguishing features.

Couples with infant children are lucky to get a whole night's sleep or a three-day vacation. I don't know any parent who would choose the word "fun" to describe raising children. But couple who decide not to have children never know the joys of watching a child grow up or of playing with a grandchild.

Understanding and accepting that true happiness has nothing to do with fun is one of the most liberating realizations. It liberates time: now we can devote more hours to activities that can genuinely increase our happiness. It liberates money: buying that new car or those fancy clothes that will do nothing to increase our happiness now seems pointless. And it liberates us from envy: we now understand that all those who are always having so much fun actually may not be happy at all.

（分数：20.00）

(1).According to the author, a bachelor resists marriage chiefly because ______.

A. he is reluctant to take on family responsibilities

B. he believes that life will be more cheerful if he remains single

C. he finds more fun in dating than in marriage

D. he fears it will put an end to all his fun adventure and excitement（分数：4.00）

A. √

解析：[解析] 参见文章第三段第一至二行。

(2).Raising children, in the author's opinion, is ______.

A. a moral duty

B. a thankless job

C. a rewarding task

D. a source of inevitable pain（分数：4.00）

C. √

解析：[解析] 根据文章第四段开头读者似乎会认为作者的意图是B项“出力不讨好，毫无回报的事”，而实际上，作者的真实想法应在But之后的句中体现。

(3).From the last paragraph, we learn that envy sometimes stems from ______.

A. hatred

B. misunderstanding

C. prejudice

D. ignorance（分数：4.00）

B. √

解析：[解析] 依据文章最后一段第四行说明：我们现在这样理解就可免除妒忌，那么反过来，妒忌产生于我们的理解不当，即misundertanding。

(4).To understand what true happiness is one must ______.

A. have as much fun as possible during one's lifetime

B. make every effort to liberate oneself from pain

C. put up with pain under all circumstances

D. be able to distinguish happiness from fun（分数：4.00）

D. √

解析：[解析] 依据文章第一段第一至二行，再依据文章最后一段最后一句可以看出要理解真正的幸福是什么就必须把fun和happiness区分开来，因为两者绝不等同。C项应该是回答“怎样才能获得真正的幸福?”这一问题的。

(5).What is the author trying to tell us?

A. Happiness often goes hand in hand with pain.

B. One must know how to attain happiness.

C. It is important to make commitments.

D. It is pain that leads to happiness.（分数：4.00）

A. √

解析：[解析] 作者的意图出现在第一段第三行。

大学英语B 阅读理解答案

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