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微观经济学英文版1-8章自测题及答案

第一章

1. Beth’s friends want to take her to a movie or a play for her birthday. Beth chooses to attend the play. We know that:

a. Beth has made an irrational decision.

b. not seeing the movie is Beth’s opportunity cost of attending the play.

c. Beth did not make a decision at the margin.

d. seeing the play did not cost Beth anything since she did not have to pay for the ticket.

2. A market economy relies on

a. decentralized choices coordinated by Adam Smith’s “invisible hand.”

b. centralized choices coordin ated by Adam Smith’s “invisible hand.”

c. decentralized choices coordinated by the “visible hand” of authority.

d. centralized choices coordinated by the “visible hand” of authority.

3. Which of the following is an example of market power?

a. Elaine engages in less research than she would if the government were to subsidize her research activities.

b. Mark’s company charges a higher price for its product because government regulations force the company to clean-up its emissions into a local waterway.

c. Because of the high cost of gasoline, Jennifer buys a smaller, more fuel-efficient car.

d. The town’s only cable company charges a higher price than it would if it faced competition from other firms.

4. Government regulation of the economy may be beneficial if:

a. externalities exist.

b. there is too much competition.

c. there is no market power.

d. special interest groups act to influence government policy.

5. Which of the following variables is the key ingredient in improving the standard of living of the average citizen?

a. low inflation

b. low unemployment rates

c. productivity increases

d. population growth

6. Externalities occur when

a. one person’s actions affect the well-being of a bystander.

b. the government imposes taxes.

c. increases in the price of oil cause gasoline prices to rise.

d. higher wages result in increased spending.

7. Which of the following are NOT examples of market failure?

a. There is only one firm that employs all the workers of Smalltown.

b. BUU is the sole provider of long-distance for the United States.

c. As a result of its production processes, REA Corporation emits two tons of air pollutants daily.

d. None of the abov

8. Government intervention in the marketplace

a. always benefits society.

b. always harms society.

c. may either benefit or harm society depending on the type and extent of government intervention.

d. is rarely influenced by political considerations.

9. Trade between two countries

a. makes both countries better off.

b. can benefit one country but not both.

c. causes one country to gain and the other country to lose.

d. is a zero-sum gam

10. Inflation refers to

a. a continuing decrease in the overall level of prices in the economy.

b. an increase in the overall level of prices in the economy.

c. a persistent increase in the amount of goods which can be purchased with a given amount of money.

d. an increase in some individual prices in the economy.

11. In most cases, high or persistent inflation is caused by:

a. too rapid growth in the quantity of money.

b. a reduction in the quantity of money.

c. an increase in unemployment.

d. an increase in productivity.

12. To say that people make decisions at the margin means that they

a. wait until the last minute before making a decision.

b. weigh the additional costs and additional benefits of small changes.

c. make decisions that determine whether or not they will live their lives on the edge of subsistence.

d. make decisions on issues that are relatively unimportant for their economic well-being.

13. According to the Phillips curve,

a. there is no tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.

b. if inflation increases, so does unemployment.

c. increases in unemployment are associated with a rise in prices.

d. there is a short-run tradeoff between inflation and unemployment.

14. When economists say that individuals respond to incentives, they mean that

a. if the benefit of an activity increases, people will engage in more of that activity.

b. once individuals have made a mistake, they will never make the same mistake again.

c. individuals act very quickly when faced with a problem.

d. individuals respond to positive stimuli, but not to negative stimuli.

15. Economics is primarily the study of

a. how to make money in the stock market.

b. how to operate a business successfully.

c. how society manages its scarce resources.

d. the methods that government might use to transform a scarce good into an economic good.

16. What ever must be given up to obtain some item is

a. an explicit cost.

b. an opportunity cost.

c. an historical cost.

d. an accounting cost.

17. Scarcity arises because of

a. limited resources.

b. poverty.

c. too little money in an economy.

d. government inefficiencies.

18. “There is no such thing as a free lunch.” This expression means

a. no decision is cost-free.

b. if Jan and Jim go out to eat lunch, one of them must pay for the lunch or the restaurant will call the police.

c. while some actions involve a cost, others do not.

d. that scarcity exists in some situations, but does not in others.

参考答案：

1.b

2.a

3.d

4.a

5.c

6.a

7.d

8.c

9.a 10.b

11.a 12.b 13.d 14.a 15.c 16.b 17.a 18.a

第二章

1. Economists use assumptions

a. to make the real world easier to understand.

b. to make their models more accurately reflect the real world.

c. to make their models more complex.

d. to make it more difficult to understand how the real world operates.

2. Which of the following is an example of a normative economic statement?

a. If the economy is experiencing full employment, a large tax cut will create inflation.

b. An increase in the government’s budget deficit will cause an increase in interest rates.

c. A decrease in the minimum wage will decrease unemployment among teens.

d. The federal government should increase spending on education.

3. A technological advance or an increase in the factors of production is represented as

a. a shift of the production possibilities frontier in towards the origin.

b. a shift of the production possibilities frontier away from the origin.

c. a movement down the production possibilities frontier.

d. a movement up the production possibilities frontier.

4. Microeconomics is the study of

a. how households and firms make decisions and how they interact in the market.

b. economy-wide phenomena.

c. inflation, unemployment, and economic growth.

d. the impact of government actions on the economy.

5. Macroeconomics is concerned primarily with

a. the way things are produced.

b. the prices of particular goods and services.

c. the behavior of consumers.

d. the study of economy-wide phenomena.

6. According to the circular flow model

a. in the market for goods and services, households are buyers and firms are sellers.

b. the market for goods and services, households are sellers and firms are buyers.

c. in the market for factors of production, households are buyers and firms are sellers.

d. firms are the owners of the factors of production.

7. A production possibilities frontier shows

a. the prices at which alternative goods will be produced.

b. the input combinations that allow a country to produce a given amount of output.

c. the tax revenue a government receives at various tax rates.

d. the various combinations of two goods a country can produce with its factors of production and the available production technology.

8. Which of the following is a statement of positive economics?

a. Income taxes should be reduced in order to increase economic growth.

b. A reduction in tax rates will increase the after-tax incomes of the rich.

c. Tax rates ought to be reduced so that people will work more.

d. All people who are on welfare for more than 24 months should be required to work.

9. In the circular-flow model, households receive income in the form of:

a. wages only.

b. wages and rent.

c. wages and rent and profit.

d. rent only.

10. A good economic model such as supply and demand is like a road map because

a. it omits many details to allow us to use only pertinent information.

b. it accurately depicts all the details of the real-world.

c. it is complex enough that only those with high intellect can understand it.

d. it makes little use of assumptions.

参考答案：

1.a

2.d

3.b

4.a

5.d

6.a

7.d

8.b

9.c 10.a

第三章

1. Mary can produce housing at a lower opportunity cost than Joan. Economists would say that

a. Mary has the comparative advantage in the production of housing.

b. Joan has the comparative advantage in the production of housing.

c. Mary has the absolute advantage in the production of housing.

d. Joan has the absolute advantage in the production of housing.

2. When trade takes place

a. both parties will probably be worse off.

b. one pa rty must gain at the other party’s expense.

c. both parties can be better off.

d. one party will gain and the other party will be neither better nor worse off.

3. The average worker in the United States can produce 20 tons of coal or 10 tons of iron per hour. The average worker in Canada can produce either 10 tons of coal or 10 tons of iron per hour. The United States has a comparative advantage in the production of

a. iron.

b. coal.

c. both iron and coal.

d. neither iron nor coal.

4. If Brazil can produce more shoes with one hour of labor than Argentina, which of the following is necessarily true?

a. Brazil has a comparative advantage in the production of shoes.

b. Brazil exports shoes to Argentina if there is free trade.

c. Brazil has an absolute advantage in the production of shoes.

d. All of the above are tru

5. Comparative advantage describes the situation where

a. one producer has more resources than another producer.

b. a producer produces more output than another producer.

c. the opportunity cost of producing a good is smaller for one producer than for a second producer.

d. the opportunity cost of producing a good is the same for both producers.

6. With trade, a country’s set of consumption opportunities lies

a. inside the production possibility frontier.

b. outside the production possibility frontier.

c. at the same point as the production possibility frontier.

d. inside the production possibilities frontier at some points and on the production possibilities frontier at other points.

7. In France each unit of labor can produce 3 bottles of wine or 2 shirts. In Portugal each unit of labor can produce 2 bottles of wine or 1 shirt. Which country has a comparative advantage in producing wine?

a. France

b. Portugal

c. Both France and Portugal.

d. Neither France nor Portugal.

8. If Argentina produces shirts with a smaller sacrifice of shoes than Brazil,

a. Argentina has an absolute advantage in shirt production.

b. Brazil has an absolute advantage in shirt production.

c. Argentina should import shirts from Brazil.

d. Brazil should import shirts from Argentina.

9. A country should specialize in the production of those goods

a. that have the highest price.

b. that use the most labor.

c. for which a country has an absolute advantage.

d. for which a country has a comparative advantag

10. Which of the following is true when countries specialize according to their comparative advantage?

a. It is possible to increase world output of all goods.

b. It is possible to increase world output of some goods only by reducing the output of others.

c. One country is likely to gain from trade while others lose.

d. All countries will lose from trad

参考答案：

1.a

2.c

3.b

4.c

5.c

6.b

7.b

8.d

9.d 10.a

第四章

1. Which of the following is a characteristic of perfect competition?

a. A single seller.

b. A small number of buyers.

c. Buyers and sellers are price setters.

d. Buyers and sellers are price takers.

2. A decrease in the price of pizza will

a. decrease the quantity of pizza demanded.

b. increase the quantity of pizza demanded.

c. decrease the demand for pizza.

d. increase the demand for pizza.

3. When income increases, purchases of houses increase. This means

a. the demand curve for housing has shifted rightward.

b. there has been a movement down the demand curve for housing.

c. the demand curve for housing has shifted leftwar

d. there has been a movement up the demand curve for housing.

4. Suppose oranges are currently selling for $2.00 per pound. The equilibrium price of oranges is $1.56 per pound. We would expect

a. a shortage to exist and the market price of oranges to increase.

b. a shortage to exist and the market price of oranges to decrease.

c. a surplus to exist and the market price of oranges to increase.

d. a surplus to exist and the market price of oranges to decreas

5. Suppose the price of Coke increases. What would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of Pepsi?

a. Both the equilibrium price and quantity of Pepsi would increase.

b. Both the equilibrium price and quantity of Pepsi would decrease.

c. The equilibrium price of Pepsi would increase, and the equilibrium quantity of Pepsi would decrease.

d. The equilibrium price of Pepsi would decrease, and the equilibrium quantity of Pepsi would increas

6. Suppose there is an advance in technology that allows the automobile industry to manufacture automobiles more cheaply. We would expect

a. an increase in both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity of automobiles.

b. a decrease in both the equilibrium price and the equilibrium quantity of automobiles.

c. an increase in the equilibrium price and a decrease in equilibrium quantity of automobiles.

d. a decrease in the equilibrium price and an increase in the equilibrium quantity of automobiles.

7. When both supply and demand increase

a. equilibrium price rises, and so does equilibrium quantity.

b. equilibrium price falls, but equilibrium quantity rises.

c. equilibrium quantity rises.

d. it is impossible to speculate about the results for equilibrium price or equilibrium quantity.

8. Because cars and gasoline are complements, an increase in the price of gasoline will

a. increase the demand for cars.

b. decrease the demand for cars.

c. increase the demand for gasoline.

d. decrease the demand for gasolin

9. A change in which of the following will cause a movement along the supply curve?

a. a change in the state of technology

b. a change in taxes

c. a change in expectations about future prices

d. a change in the price of the good

10. Suppose the price of land increases. At the same time, income increases. What would happen to the equilibrium price and quantity of housing?

a. Equilibrium price will decrease. We cannot predict what will happen to equilibrium quantity.

b. Equilibrium price will increase. We cannot predict what will happen to equilibrium quantity.

c. Equilibrium quantity will decrease. We cannot predict what will happen to equilibrium price.

d. Equilibrium quantity will increas

e. We cannot predict what will happen to equilibrium price.

参考答案：

1.d

2.b

3.a

4.d

5.a

6.d

7.c

8.b

9.d 10.b

第五章

1. Which of the following statements is correct?

a. The demand for luxuries tends to be more elastic than the demand for necessities.

Correct. Demand for luxuries can be more sensitive to price changes.

b. If there are no close substitutes for a good, demand will be very elasti

c. The shorter the time period, the more elastic is deman

d. Ho w a good’s market is defined has no impact on the good’s elasticity.

2. If the quantity of movie tickets sold decreases by 20 percent when the price increases by 10 percent, demand over this price range is:

a. inelastic.

b. elasti

c. perfectly inelastic.

d. perfectly elastic.

3. Given that the demand for cocaine is inelastic, how will a reduction in supply affect total

revenue of those selling this drug (other things equal)?

a. Total revenue will rise.

b. Total revenue will fall.

c. Total revenue will not change.

d. The effect on total revenue cannot be predicted.

4. The local movie theater lowers admission prices in an attempt to increase its revenues. The managers of the theater must believe demand to be

a. unit price elastic.

b. perfectly price inelasti

c. price elastic.

d. price inelastic.

5. The income elasticity of demand for good X is estimated to be -0.5. This suggests that good X is

a. a complementary good.

b. a substitute good.

c. a normal goo

d. an inferior good.

6. Suppose the cross-price elasticity of demand is a negative number. We know that

a. the two goods are complements.

b. the two goods are substitutes.

c. the two goods are inferior goods.

d. the two goods are normal goods.

7. If the percentage change in the quantity supplied of a good is less than the percentage change in price, then supply of the good is

a. elastic.

b. inelasti

c. normal.

d. inferior.

8. Suppose the supply curve for a good is vertical. We know that supply is

a. price elastic.

b. perfectly price inelasti

c. unit price elastic.

d. perfectly price elastic.

9. If the price of one dozen eggs increases from $1.60 to $2.00, quantity demanded will decrease from 600 to 400. The elasticity of demand for eggs (using the mid-point formula) is

a. 0.8.

b. 1.8.

c. 11.26.

d. 1.9.

10. The cross-price elasticity of Toyotas and Nissans is a positive number. This would indicate that Toyotas and Nissans are

a. substitutes.

b. complements.

c. luxuries.

d. necessities.

参考答案：

1.a

2.b

3.a

4.c

5.d

6.a

7.b

8.b

9.b 10.a

第六章

1. A shortage will occur if

a. a price ceiling is set above the equilibrium price.

b. a price ceiling is set below the equilibrium price.

c. a price floor is set above the equilibrium price.

d. a price floor is set below the equilibrium pric

2. If the government establishes a legal price floor for a good, the result will be a(n):

a. shortage of the good, but only if the floor is equal to the equilibrium price.

b. surplus of the good, but only if the floor is above the equilibrium price.

c. surplus of the good, but only if the floor is below the equilibrium price.

d. shortage of the good, but only if the floor is above the equilibrium pric

3. If a price ceiling above the equilibrium price is imposed on gasoline, which of the following will result?

a. There will be a surplus of gasoline.

b. The quantity demanded will exceed the quantity supplied.

c. The quantity supplied will exceed the quantity demande

d. The quantity of gasoline demanded will equal the quantity of gasoline supplied.

4. A price ceiling is

a. a legal maximum price at which a good can be sold.

b. a legal minimum price at which a good can be sold.

c. typically equal to the equilibrium price of a goo

d. a price set by government that varies with market conditions.

5. A wage is the price for labor. A minimum wage set above equilibrium wage would be an example of:

a. a price ceiling.

b. a price floor.

c. a gap in prices or wages.

d. a wage settlement.

6. Tax incidence deals with

a. the level of taxable income.

b. the level of taxation on sales.

c. the dollar amount of incidental taxes.

d. who bears the burden of a tax.

7. Sellers pay more of a tax imposed on a good when

a. the demand for the good is more inelastic.

b. the supply of the good is more elasti

c. the supply of the good is less elastic.

d. the supply of and the demand for the good have the same elasticity.

8. Assume the government wants to impose a tax on wine. It wants to minimize the negative impact the tax has on consumers in the form of higher prices. It will achieve this goal if

a. demand is relatively elastic.

b. demand is relatively inelasti

c. supply is relatively elastic.

d. the supply curve and the demand curve for wine have the same elasticity.

9. If the tax on bottled water were raised by $1 per bottle, we would expect

a. buyers to bear the entire tax in the form of higher prices.

b. sellers to bear the tax in the form of lower prices.

c. part of the tax to fall on buyers in the form of higher prices, and part of the tax to fall on sellers in the form of lower prices.

d. government revenues to fall.

10. A law requiring sellers to pay the government a tax on cigarettes has the effect of

a. shifting the supply curve to the right.

b. changing the slope of the supply curve.

c. shifting the supply curve to the left.

d. changing the slope of the demand curv

参考答案：

1. b

2.b

3.d

4.a

5.b

6.d

7.c

8.a

9.c 10.c

第七章

1. The difference between the amount a seller is paid for a good and the cost of producing that good is known as

a. net social cost.

b. producer surplus.

c. consumer surplus.

d. total utility.

2. Markets will NOT allocate resources efficiently if

a. there are many buyers and sellers.

b. there is perfect competition.

c. there are externalities.

d. the market is allowed to reach equilibrium.

3. Micha can provide Albert’s Services a networked computer system at a cost of $500.Albert’s manager will pay her $700 for providing the system. Micha’s producer surplus is

a. $700.

b. $500.

c. $200.

d. $0.

4. An increase in the price of a good will cause

a. an increase in producer surplus and a decrease in consumer surplus.

b. a decrease in producer surplus and an increase in consumer surplus.

c. both producer and consumer surplus to increase.

d. both producer and consumer surplus to decreas

5. The study of how the allocation of resources affects economic well-being is called

a. consumer economics.

b. macroeconomics.

c. welfare economics.

d. supply-side economics.

6.If a consumer is willing and able to pay $15.00 for a particular good but the price of the good is $1

7.00, then the

a. consumer would have consumer surplus of $2.00.

b. consumer would increase his/her willingness and ability to pay by earning more.

c. consumer would not purchase the good and would not have any consumer surplus.

d. market must not be a perfectly competitive market.

7. On a graph, consumer surplus would be the area

a. between the demand and supply curves.

b. below the demand curve and above price.

c. below the price and above the supply curve.

d. below the demand curve to the right of equilibrium pric

8. Total surplus in a market is represented by the total area

a. under the demand curve and above the price.

b. above the supply curve and up to the equilibrium price.

c. under price and up to the point of equilibrium.

d. between the demand and supply curves up to the point of equilibrium.

9. When economists say that markets are efficient, they are assuming that markets are

a. perfectly competitive.

b. not for illegal products.

c. regulated by the government.

d. monopolistic.

10. “Laissez-faire” is a French expression which literally means

a. to make do.

b. to get involved.

c. whatever works.

d. allow them to do.

参考答案：

1. b

2.c

3.c

4.a

5.c

6.c

7.b

8.d

9.a 10.d

第八章

1. A tax placed on a product causes the price the buyer pays

a. and the price the seller receives to be higher.

b. and the price the seller receives to be lower.

c. to be lower and the price the seller receives to be higher.

d. to be higher and the price the seller receives to be lower.

2. Suppose a tax is imposed on the buyers of a product. The burden of the tax will fall

a. entirely on the buyers.

b. entirely on the sellers.

c. entirely on the government.

d. on both the buyers and the sellers.

3. Total tax revenue received by government can be expressed as

a. T/Q.

b. T＋Q.

c. T×Q.

d. T－Q.

4. When the government places a tax on a product

a. the cost of the tax to buyers and sellers will be less than the revenue raised from the tax by the government.

b. the cost of the tax to buyers and sellers will equal the revenue raised from the tax by the government.

c. the cost of the tax to buyers and sellers exceeds the revenue raised from the tax by the government.

d. without additional information, such as the elasticity of demand for this product, it is impossible to compare tax cost with tax revenu

5. Deadweight loss is the

a. reduction in total surplus that results from a tax.

b. loss of profit to businesses when a tax is imposed.

c. reduction in consumer surplus when a tax is placed on buyers.

d. decline in government revenue when taxes are reduced in a market.

6. A tax has a deadweight loss because

a. it induces the government to spend more.

b. it induces buyers to consume less and sellers to produce less.

c. it causes a disequilibrium in the market.

d. the loss to buyers is greater than the loss to sellers.

7. The amount of deadweight loss that will result from a tax is determined by the

a. price elasticity of demand and supply.

b. number of buyers of the product in the market.

c. number of suppliers of the product in the market.

d. percentage of the purchase price the tax amounts to.

8. The size of the tax and the deadweight loss of a tax are

a. positively related.

b. negatively related.

c. independent of each other.

d. equal to each other.

9. The greater the elasticities of demand and supply the

a. smaller the deadweight loss from a tax.

b. less intrusive a tax will be on a market.

c. greater the deadweight loss from a tax.

d. more equitable the distribution of a tax between buyers and sellers.

10. If the size of a tax increases, tax revenue will

a. increase.

b. decrease.

c. remain the same.

d. increase, then decreas

参考答案：

1.d

2.d

3.c

4.c

5.a

6.b

7.a

8.a

9.c 10.d

《微观经济学》自测题试卷一及参考答案

《微观经济学》自测题试卷一一、单项选择题（每小题1分，共15分） 1.目前我国胶卷行业的市场结构属于（）。 A.寡头垄断 B.垄断性竞争 C.完全竞争 D.完全垄断 2．如果照相机的价格大幅度降低，则胶卷的需求曲线（）。 A.向左平移 B.向右平移 C.保持不变 D.发生扭曲 3．电池价格上涨将（）。 A.增加对电筒的需求 B.降低对电力的需求 C.增加对电池动力玩具的需求 D.增加对电力的需求 4．根据最优定价法则，若商品的定价为6元，需求价格弹性为-5，则其边际成本应为（）。A．7.5 B．4.8 C．1 D．24 5．如果政府对生产者征收每单位产品1元的商品税，则将引起这种商品的价格（）。A．上升1元 B．上升不到1元 C．上升超过1元 D．价格不变 6．替代品价格上升，一般会导致（）。 A.需求量沿着需求曲线减少 B.需求曲线左移 C.个人减少他所消费的所有商品的数量 D.需求曲线右移 7．如果一种商品富于价格弹性需求，商品价格上升5%将（）。 A.增加需求量超过5% B.增加需求量小于5% C.减少需求量超过5% D.减少需求量小于5% 8．正常物品价格上升导致需求量减少的原因在于（） A.替代效应使需求量增加，收入效应使需求量减少 B.替代效应使需求量增加，收入效应使需求量增加 C.替代效应使需求量减少，收入效应使需求量减少 D.替代效应使需求量减少，收入效应使需求量增加 9．边际产量递减规律发生作用是前提条件之一是（）。 A.连续投入某种要素而保持其它投入要素不变 B.不连续投入某种要素而保持其它投入要素不变

C.按比例同时增加各种生产要素 D.不按比例同时增加各种生产要素 10．如果一个企业经历规模报酬不变阶段，则LAC曲线是（）。 A.上升的 B.下降的 C.垂直的 D.水平的 11．厂商的短期停产点在（）。 A．P=AVC B．TR=TVC C．企业总亏损=TFC D．以上都对 12．如果某消费者增加1单位X1商品的消费量、减少2单位X2商品的消费量，而总效用水平不变，则此时的边际替代率MRSX1X2为( )。 A .1/2 B.2 C.1 D.4 13．消费者剩余是（）。 A.消费过剩的商品 B.消费者得到的总效用 C.消费者买商品所得到的总效用大于货币的总效用部分 D.支出的货币的总效用 14．一完全竞争行业的厂商每天产出的总收入为5000美元，这是其利润最大化的产出。厂商的平均总成本是8美元，边际成本是10美元，平均变动成本是5美元，其每天的产量为（）。 A．200单位 B．500单位 C．625单位 D．1000单位 15．垄断性竞争的厂商实现最大利润的途径有（）。 A．调整价格从而确定相应产量 B．品质竞争 C．广告竞争 D．以上途径都有可能二、判断题（对的打√，错的打×，每小题1分，共10分） 1．一般来说，可替代的物品越多，性质越接近，弹性就越大。（） 2．在短期生产函数中，合理的生产阶段是由这样两点确定的，平均产出的最高点和总产出的最高点。（） 3．某人发明了一种治疗仪，这种治疗仪本身不是公共物品，但是这种新治疗仪的知识则属于公共物品。（） 4．一个完全垄断企业，只要边际收入超过边际成本，就会一直扩大生产。（） 5．安徽芜湖奇瑞汽车公司和江淮汽车公司都是安徽有名的大企业，具有较大的企业规模，他们都具有规模经济效应和范围经济性。（） 6．规模收益递减是边际收益递减规律造成的。（） 7．会计利润大于零，企业的经济利润也大于零。（） 8．需求收入弹性大的商品可能给企业带来较大的利润，风险也较小；需求收入弹性较小的商品，销售收入比较稳定，风险较小，但利润也较小。（） 9．某一市民发现公共汽车费上涨了5毛钱，他仍然照常乘车，这表明公共汽车服务的需求价格弹性接近于零。（）

微观经济学期末考试答案

一、单选题（题数：50，共 50.0 分）
1
根据经济学的观点，以下哪一项属于个别需求和市场需求所涉及的产品：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
联合产品的私人产品
? ? B、
联合产品的公共产品
? ? C、
非联合产品的私人产品
? ? D、
非联合产品的公共产品
?
我的答案：C 2
根据微观经济学的观点，劳动力的供给由以下哪一组共同决定：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
平均效应和边际效应
? ? B、

边际效应和收入效应
? ? C、
替代效应和收入效应
? ? D、
替代效应和边际效应
?
我的答案：C 3
按照经济学原理的观点，以下哪一项是经济学的正确分类：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
人文经济学和自然经济学
? ? B、
灾害经济学和收益经济学
? ? C、
社会经济学和科技经济学
? ? D、
微观经济学和宏观经济学
?
我的答案：D

4
在以下哪一种博弈策略的指导下，企业在囚徒困境中会出现两败俱伤的结局：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
所有的单纯策略
? ? B、
所有的混合策略
? ? C、
最优的单纯策略
? ? D、
最劣的混合策略
?
我的答案：D 5
以下哪一项是马尔萨斯人口论的支柱理论：（）（1.0 分）
1.0 分
? A、
货币边际产量递增
? ? B、
时间边际产量递减

微观经济学练习题答案

、单项选择题： 1. 在下列价格弹性的表述中，正确的是： A A ．需求量变动对价格变动的反应程度 B ．价格变动的绝对值对需求量变动的绝对值的影响 C ．价格的变动量除以需求的变动量 D ．需求的变动量除以价格的变动量 2. 已知某商品的收入弹性等于 1.2，则这种商品是： C A ．低档商品 B 必需品 C 奢侈品 D 吉芬商品 3. 已知某商品的收入弹性等于 -0.8，则这种商品是： A 7. 在得出棉花种植农户的供给曲线时，下列除哪一个因素以外其余均保持为常数： D A ．土壤的肥沃程度 B 技术水平 C ．棉花的种植面积 D 棉花的价格 8. 在某一时期内彩色电视机的需求曲线向左平移的原因是： D B 消费者对彩色电视机的预期价格上升 D 消费者对彩色电视机的预期价格下降 9. 某月内， X 商品的替代品的价格上升和互补品的价格上升，分别引起 X 商品的需求变动量为 50 单位和 80 单位，则在它们共同作用下该月 A ．增加 30 单位 B C ．增加 130 单位 D 当两种商品中一种商品的价格发生变化时，这两种商品的需求量都同时增加或减少，则这两种商品的需求的交叉弹性系数为： B A ．正 B 负 11．需求曲线是一条向 ( A ．右下方 B 右上方 12．供给曲线是一条向 ( A ．右下方 B 右上方 13．如果货币的效用要大于消费者所购入的商品的效用，要保证效用的最大化，则 C A ．停止购买 B 继续购买 C 退掉已经买入的商品 D 大量购买 14．已知一元钱的边际效用为 3 个单位，一支钢笔的边际效用为 36 个单位，则消费者愿意用 ( A) 来买这支钢笔。 A ． 12 元 B 36 元 C 3 元 D 108 元 15．如果生产者的边际收益大于边际成本，生产者应该： B A ．停止生产 B 扩大生产 C 维持生产 D 退出生产 16．商品的价格不变而消费者的收入增加，消费可能线： A 微观经济学练习题 A ．低档商品 B 必需品 4. 已知某商品的收入弹性等于 0.6， A ．低档商品 B 必需品 5. 已知某两种商品的交叉弹性等于 A ．独立品 B 替代品 6. 已知某两种商品的交叉弹性等于 A ．独立品 B 替代品 C 奢侈品 D 一般正常品则这种商品是： B C 奢侈品 D 吉芬商品 -0.4，则这两种商品是： C C 补充品 D 完全替代品 1.8，则这两种商品是： B C 补充品 D 完全替代品 A ．彩色电视机的价格上升 C ．消费者的收入水平提高 X 商品需求数量： C 减少 30 单位减少 130 单位 10. C ) 倾斜的曲线。 A C 左下方 ) 倾斜的曲线。 B C 左下方

微观经济学期末考试试题

《微观经济学》试题班级姓名学号成绩一、选择题（共30 ） 1、若其他条件不变，某商品价格上升10%，能使买者总支出增加4%，则这种情况下商品的需求价格弹性：（B） A. 大于1； B. 等于0.4； C. 小于1； D. 等于2.5 2、无差异曲线上任一点上两种商品的边际替代率等于两种商品的：（ C） A.价格之比； B.数量之比； C.边际效用之比； D.边际成本之比。 3、已知消费者收入是100元，商品X的价格是10元，Y的价格是3元。假定他打算购买 7单位X和10单Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18。如要获得最大效用，他应该： A．增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买； B. 同时增加X和Y的购买； C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买； D. 同时减少X和Y的购买 4、边际成本低于平均成本时：（B） A．平均成本上升； B．平均可变成本可能上升也可能下降； C．总成本下降； D．平均可变成本上升。 5、完全竞争条件下，在达到行业长期均衡时，每个厂商：（D） A. 只能获得正常利润； B. 能够获得超额利润； C. 可能会亏损； D. 以上三种情况都可能存在。 6、在完全竞争的产品市场中，厂商短期供给曲线是指： A．A VC>MC中的那部分A VC曲线； B．AC>MC中的那部分AC曲线； C．MC≥A VC中的那部分MC曲线； D．MC≥AC中的那部分MC曲线。 7、在垄断竞争市场中：

A.只有数目很少的几个厂商生产有差异的产品； B.有许多厂商生产同质产品； C. 只有数目很少的厂商生产同质的产品； D. 有许多厂商生产有差异的产品。 8、其他条件不变，如果工资率提高，替代效应将使单个居民： A．同时减少劳动和休闲； B．增加劳动，减少休闲； C．增加休闲，减少劳动； D．同时增加劳动和休闲。 9、右图是一个厂商的长期平均成本，假设要素同比例变化， BC段表示规模报酬： 10 A．平均产量递增；B．边际产量递减；C．总产量递减；D．都有可能。 11、要获得同样的产出量，如果厂商增加第5单位资本使用量的同时需要减少5单位劳动使用量，则增加第6单位资本可替代的劳动数量： A. 等于1； B. 小于5； C. 小于1； D. 大于5。 12、某企业使用劳动一种可变要素，如果该企业生产的产品价格上升（完全竞争的产品市场），将引起： A．该企业每一单位劳动的边际产品价值增加 B．企业所用的劳动投入量减少 C．该企业每一单位劳动的边际产量减少 D．企业产量减少 13、下列哪种情况企业正好有正常利润？ A. 总收益大于总成本； B. 总收益等于总成本； C. 总收益小于总成本； D. 边际收益等于边际成本。 14、微观经济学中短期与长期的划分取决于： A.时间长短； B. 企业可否调整生产规模； C.企业可否调整产品价格； D.企业可否调整产量。 15、属于垄断企业实行三级价格差别的情况是： A.将产品定三种不同的价格； B. 按产品使用量多少收取不同价格； C.在分割的市场上分别实行不同的价格； D.同样的产品收取不同的价格。

微观经济学自测题

《微观经济学》自测题（二） ______系专业______ 学号____ 姓名_________ 分数________ 一、判断（每题0.5分，共10分，在答题纸上写√或×） 1、价格在市场经济中的两大功能是：提供信息和提供激励。（） 2、需求定理表明需求量与价格正相关。（） 3、对需求富有弹性的商品，提高价格可以获得更多的总收益。（） 4、当边际产量为正且处于递减阶段时，生产处于第二个阶段。（） 5、长期平均成本曲线由每一条短期平均成本曲线最低点的连线构成。（） 6、完全竞争市场上有无数家企业的假设意味着企业是价格的接受者。（） 7、在垄断竞争的市场条件下，企业面临两条需求曲线是难以想象的。（） 8、企业对生产要素的需求是从消费者对消费品的需求引致或派生的。（） 9、当经济达到了帕累托最优状态时，就实现了经济效率，也就意味着实现了整个社会经济福利的最大化。（） 10、私人产品具有争夺性和排他性。（） 11、一种行为的机会成本是投入这种行为的全部资源的其他可能用途。（） 12、替代品价格上升一般会导致需求曲线左移。（） 13、如果一种商品的需求价格弹性等于2，价格上升会导致总收入减少。（） 14、当一个人选择一条特定的预算约束上的一个点时，这个选择是基于个人偏好的。（） 15、当MPL为负时，是处于资本（K）的第Ⅲ阶段。（） 16、边际成本低于平均成本时，平均成本上升。（） 17、一完全竞争厂商在短期均衡时可能是AC下降。（） 18、如果完全垄断厂商在两个分割的市场中具有相同的需求曲线，那么垄断厂商可以施行价格歧视。（） 19、在两个人（甲和乙）、两种商品（X和Y）的经济中，达到交换的全面均衡的条件为：（MRTXY）甲=（MRSXY）乙。（） 20、科斯定理宣称，重新分配产权可以解决外部性的问题。（）二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共20分） 1、既有竞争性又有排他性的物品是（）Ａ、公共物品Ｂ、私人物品Ｃ、政府物品Ｄ、混合物品 2、无差异曲线上任一点上商品Ｘ和Ｙ的边际替代率等于它们的（） A、价格之比 B、数量之比 C、边际效用之比 D、边际成本之比 3、在完全竞争市场中，成本递增行业长期供给曲线是（） A、一条斜率大于零的曲线 B、一条斜率小于零的曲线

微观经济学期末考试试题

微观经济学期末考试试题文件排版存档编号：[UYTR-OUPT28-KBNTL98-UYNN208]

《微观经济学》试题班级姓名学号成绩一、选择题（共30 ） 1、若其他条件不变，某商品价格上升10%，能使买者总支出增加4%，则这种情况下商品的需求价格弹性：（B） A. 大于1； B. 等于； C. 小于1； D. 等于 2、无差异曲线上任一点上两种商品的边际替代率等于两种商品的：（ C） A.价格之比； B.数量之比； C.边际效用之比； D.边际成本之比。 3、已知消费者收入是100元，商品X的价格是10元，Y的价格是3元。假定他打算购买7单位X和10单Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18。如要获得最大效用，他应该： A．增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买； B. 同时增加X和Y的购买； C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买； D. 同时减少X和Y的购买 4、边际成本低于平均成本时：（B） A．平均成本上升； B．平均可变成本可能上升也可能下降； C．总成本下降； D．平均可变成本上升。 5、完全竞争条件下，在达到行业长期均衡时，每个厂商：（D）

A. 只能获得正常利润； B. 能够获得超额利润； C. 可能会亏损； D. 以上三种情况都可能存在。 6、在完全竞争的产品市场中，厂商短期供给曲线是指： A．AVCMC中的那部分AVC曲线； B．ACMC中的那部分AC曲线； C．MCAVC中的那部分MC曲线； D．MCAC中的那部分MC曲线。 7、在垄断竞争市场中： A.只有数目很少的几个厂商生产有差异的产品； B.有许多厂商生产同质产品； C. 只有数目很少的厂商生产同质的产品； D. 有许多厂商生产有差异的产品。 8、其他条件不变，如果工资率提高，替代效应将使单个居民： A．同时减少劳动和休闲； B．增加劳动，减少休闲； C．增加休闲，减少劳动； D．同时增加劳动和休闲。 9、右图是一个厂商的长期平均成本，假设要素同比例变化， BC段表示规模报酬： 10 A．平均产量递增； B．边际产量递减； C．总产量递减； D．都有可能。

曼昆微观经济学英文版课后练习题第一章

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1 Chapter 1 Ten Principles of Economics Multiple Choice 1. The word that comes from the Greek word for "one who manages a household" is a. market. b. consumer. c. producer. d. economy. ANS: D DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 2. The word “economy” comes from the Greek word oikonomos , which means a. “environment.” b. “production.” c. “one who manages a househol d.” d. “one who makes decisions.” ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economy MSC: Definitional 3. Resources are a. scarce for households but plentiful for economies. b. plentiful for households but scarce for economies. c. scarce for households and scarce for economies. d. plentiful for households and plentiful for economies. ANS: C DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Resources, Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 4. Economics deals primarily with the concept of a. scarcity. b. poverty. c. change. d. power. ANS: A DIF: 1 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Definitional 5. Which of the following questions is not answered by the decisions that every society must make? a. What determines consumer preferences? b. What goods will be produced? c. Who will produce the goods? d. Who will consume the goods? ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Economies MSC: Interpretive 6. The overriding reason as to why households and societies face many decisions is that a. resources are scarce. b. goods and services are not scarce. c. incomes fluctuate with business cycles. d. people, by nature, tend to disagre e. ANS: A DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive 7. The phenomenon of scarcity stems from the fact that a. most economies’ production methods are not very good. b. in most economies, wealthy people consume disproportionate quantities of goods and services. c. governments restricts production of too many goods and services. d. resources are limited. ANS: D DIF: 2 REF: 1-0 TOP: Scarcity MSC: Interpretive

微观经济学测试题

第一次测验一、判断题： 1．需求规律告诉我们，随着某种物品价格上升，需求量将减少。 2．汉堡包和炸薯条是互补物品。如果汉堡包降价，炸薯条的需求就会增加。3．如果需求上升了，那么均衡价格就会上升，销售数量就会减少。 4．如果个人电脑的需求增加，那么个人电脑的销售量会增加。 5．如果生产电脑的成本下降，电脑的价格会上升。 6．需求规律告诉我们，随着某种物品价格上升，需求将减少。 7．需求曲线向右下方倾斜是由于需求规律的作用。 8．苹果的价格上升将使苹果的需求曲线向左移动。 9．如果收入增加引起涤卡布需求减少，那么，涤卡布就是低档物品。10．需求曲线代表了在收入水平、其他物品价格、人口与消费者嗜好既定时一种物品价格与其需求量之间的关系。 11．供给规律意味着供给曲线将向右下方倾斜。 12．降低成本的技术进步将使供给曲线向右方移动。 13．如果我们观察到面粉价格上升了，那么，我们就可以知道面包的供给曲线向左方移动了。 14．如果现在的价格是需求量大于供给量，那么，价格就会上升。 15．如果土豆是一种低档物品，那么，当收入增加时，土豆的价格会下降。16．需求的变动会引起均衡价格和交易量反向变动。 17．某种物品供给减少会引起均衡价格下降和交易量减少。 18．假定炼钢用的铁矿价格会大幅度下降，那么，钢材的均衡价格将下降，交易量将增加。 19，假定个人电脑的需求增加而生产个人电脑的成本下降，那么就可以预期到，个人电脑交易量会增加，但价格可能上升也可能下降。 20．如果我们观察到香蕉的价格上升而交易量减少了，我们就知道香蕉的供给减少了。 21．需求的价格弹性说明了当价格上升1%时，需求量减少的百分比。22．水平的需求曲线是完全无弹性的。 23．如果需求富有弹性，则供给增加，收益（支出）增加。 24．盐的需求弹性小于电视机。 25．在汽油的价格上升之后，随着时间流逝，汽油的需求会越来越缺乏弹性。26．如果某种物品价格从7元上升为9元，需求量从8500单位减少为7500单位，则需求弹性为0.5，属于需求缺乏弹性。 27．某种物品越是易于被替代，其需求也就越缺乏弹性。 28．如果某种物品降价之后总收益减少，则这种物品的需求是缺乏弹性的。29．如果一个人对百事可乐和可口可乐的偏爱程度相同，那么，这个人对这两种可乐的需求就是富有弹性的。 30．如果人们对牙膏的支出在总收入中只占一个微不足道的比例，那么牙膏的需求就是缺乏弹性的。 31．需求的收入弹性是需求量变动百分比除以收入变动百分比。

微观经济学期末考试试题含有答案

《微观经济学》试题班级姓名学号成绩一、选择题（共30 ） 1、若其他条件不变，某商品价格上升10%，能使买者总支出增加4%，则这种情况下商品的需求价格弹性：（B） A. 大于1； B. 等于； C. 小于1； D. 等于 2、无差异曲线上任一点上两种商品的边际替代率等于两种商品的：（ C） A.价格之比； B.数量之比； C.边际效用之比； D.边际成本之比。 3、已知消费者收入是100元，商品X的价格是10元，Y的价格是3元。假定他打算购买 7单位X和10单Y，这时商品X和Y的边际效用分别是50和18。如要获得最大效用，他应该： A．增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买； B. 同时增加X和Y的购买； C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买； D. 同时减少X和Y的购买 4、边际成本低于平均成本时：（B） A．平均成本上升； B．平均可变成本可能上升也可能下降； C．总成本下降； D．平均可变成本上升。 5、完全竞争条件下，在达到行业长期均衡时，每个厂商：（D） A. 只能获得正常利润； B. 能够获得超额利润； C. 可能会亏损； D. 以上三种情况都可能存在。 6、在完全竞争的产品市场中，厂商短期供给曲线是指： A．AVC?MC中的那部分AVC曲线； B．AC?MC中的那部分AC曲线； C．MC?AVC中的那部分MC曲线； D．MC?AC中的那部分MC曲线。

7、在垄断竞争市场中： A.只有数目很少的几个厂商生产有差异的产品； B.有许多厂商生产同质产品； C. 只有数目很少的厂商生产同质的产品； D. 有许多厂商生产有差异的产品。 8、其他条件不变，如果工资率提高，替代效应将使单个居民： A．同时减少劳动和休闲； B．增加劳动，减少休闲； C．增加休闲，减少劳动； D．同时增加劳动和休闲。 9、右图是一个厂商的长期平均成本，假设要素同比例变化， BC段表示规模报酬： 10 A 11、要获得同样的产出量，如果厂商增加第5单位资本使用量的同时需要减少5单位劳动使用量，则增加第6单位资本可替代的劳动数量： A. 等于1； B. 小于5； C. 小于1； D. 大于5。 12、某企业使用劳动一种可变要素，如果该企业生产的产品价格上升（完全竞争的产品市场），将引起： A．该企业每一单位劳动的边际产品价值增加 B．企业所用的劳动投入量减少 C．该企业每一单位劳动的边际产量减少 D．企业产量减少 13、下列哪种情况企业正好有正常利润？ A. 总收益大于总成本； B. 总收益等于总成本； C. 总收益小于总成本； D. 边际收益等于边际成本。 14、微观经济学中短期与长期的划分取决于： A.时间长短； B. 企业可否调整生产规模； C.企业可否调整产品价格； D.企业可否调整产量。 15、属于垄断企业实行三级价格差别的情况是： A.将产品定三种不同的价格； B. 按产品使用量多少收取不同价格； C.在分割的市场上分别实行不同的价格； D.同样的产品收取不同的价格。二、名词解释（共15分）

曼昆微观经济学课后练习英文答案(第七章)

rkets WHAT’S NEW IN THE SIXTH EDITION: There are no major changes to this chapter. LEARNING OBJECTIVES: By the end of this chapter, students should understand: the link between buyers’ willingness to pay for a good and the demand curve. how to define and measure consumer surplus. the link between sellers’ costs of producing a good and the supply curve. how to define and measure producer surplus. that the equilibrium of supply and demand maximizes total surplus in a market. CONTEXT AND PURPOSE: Chapter 7 is the first chapter in a three-chapter sequence on welfare economics and market efficiency. Chapter 7 employs the supply and demand model to develop consumer surplus and producer surplus as a measure of welfare and market efficiency. These concepts are then 7 CONSUMERS, PRODUCERS, AND THE EFFICIENCY OF MARKETS

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《微观经济学》期末综合测试一、名词解释题（每小题3分，共15分） 1、机会成本： 2、价格歧视： 3、纳什均衡： 4、恩格尔定律： 5、帕累托最优：

二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共15分） 1、下列的说法中正确的是（）。 A．生产要素的边际技术替代率是规模报酬递减规律造成的 B．边际收益递减规律是规模报酬递减规律造成的 C．规模报酬递减是边际收益递减规律造成的 D．生产要素的边际技术替代率递减是边际收益递减规律造成的 2、按照古诺模型，下列哪一说法不正确。（） A．双头垄断者没有认识到他们的相互依赖性 B．每个双头垄断商都假定对方保持产量不变 C．每个双头垄断者假定对方价格保持不变 D．均衡的结果是稳定的 3、相对于市场分配而言，下列哪一种情况减少了收入或财产分配的不平等状况。（） A．政府向穷人的转移支付 B.累退所得税 C.大量的遗产 D.婚姻的门当户对 4、下列命题中哪一个是规范经济学的命题。（） A.征税对中等收入家庭是不公平的 B. 1982年8月政府把贴现率降到10％ C. 1981年失业率超过9％ D.社会保险税的课税依据现已超过30000美元 5、已知消费者收入是100元，商品X的价格是10元，Y的价格是3元，假定他打算购买7单位X和10单位Y，这时商品X和Y的边际

效用分别为

50和18。如果要获得最大效用，他应该（）。 A.增加X购买，同时减少Y的购买 B.增加X购买，同时增加Y的购买 C.减少X购买，同时增加Y的购买 D.减少X购买，同时减少Y的购买 6、某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬,这部分资金被视为（）。 A. 显成本 B. 隐成本 C. 会计成本 D. 经济利润 7、在囚犯的两难选择中，（）。 A.双方独立依照自身利益行事，导致最好的结果 B.双方进行合作，得到了最好的结果 C.双方独立依照自身利益行事，导致最不利的局面 D.以上说法均不正确 8、基尼系数的增大将表明（）。 A．收入不平均程度的增加 B．收入不平均程度的减少C．洛伦兹曲线与横轴重合 D．洛伦兹曲线与纵轴重合 9、如果上游工厂污染了下游居民的饮水，按科斯定理问题即可妥善解决。（） A．不管财产权是否明确，只要交易成本为零 B．只要财产权明确，且交易成本为零 C．只要财产权明确，不管交易成本有多大

曼昆微观经济学第四版关键概念中英文对照

微观经济学关键概念中英文对照 CHAPTER 1 scarcity稀缺性 economics经济学 efficiency效率 equity平等 opportunity cost机会成本 rational people理性人 marginal changes边际变动 incentive激励 market economy市场经济 property rights产权 market failure市场失灵 externality外部性 market power市场势力 productivity生产率 inflation通货膨胀 business cycle经济周期

CHAPTER 2 circular-flow diagram循环流向图production possibilities frontier生产可能性边界 microeconomics微观经济学 macroeconomics宏观经济学 positive statements实证表述 normative statements规范表述 CHAPTER 3 absolute advantage绝对优势 opportunity cost机会成本 comparative advantage比较优势 imports进口 exports出口 CHAPTER 4 market市场 competitive market竞争市场 quantity demanded需求量 law of demand需求定理 demand schedule需求表 demand curve需求曲线

normal good正常物品 inferior good低档物品 substitutes替代品 complements互补品 quantity supplied供给量 law of supply供给定理 supply schedule供给表 supply curve供给曲线 equilibrium均衡 equilibrium price均衡价格 equilibrium quantity均衡数量 surplus过剩 shortage短缺 law of supply and demand供求定理 CHAPTER 5 elasticity弹性 price elasticity of demand需求价格弹性 total revenue总收益 income elasticity of demand需求收入弹性cross-price elasticity of demand需求的交叉价格弹性price elasticity of supply供给价格弹性

微观经济学习题及答案

第五章一、判断正误题 1.如果一种物品的需求量对该物品价格的变动敏感，可以说需求缺乏价格弹性。错，需求富有价格弹性 2.用中点法计算弹性，如果铅笔的价格由10美分上升到20美分，需求量从1000支铅笔减少到500支，那么，铅笔的需求是单位价格弹性。对 3.对轮胎的需求应该比对固特异脾轮胎的需求更缺乏弹性。对 4.这个月阿司匹林的需求应该比今年阿司匹林的需求更富有弹性。错，考虑时间越长，需求曲线更富有价格弹性，因为消费者有更多时间去想是否有代替品。 5.需求价格弹性的定义为某种物品价格变动的百分比除以该物品需求量变动的百分比。错

6.如果两种物品之间的需求交叉价格弹性是正的，这两种物品可能是互补品。错，两种物品可能是代替品 7.如果一种物品的需求缺乏价格弹性，那么，其价格上升将增加那个市场上的总收益。对 8.胰岛素这类必需品的需求往往是富有弹性的。错，必需品缺乏弹性 9.如果需求曲线是线性的，沿着这条曲线的需求价格弹性是不变的。错 10.如果乘公共汽车的需求收人弹性是负的，那么，乘公共汽车就是低档物品。对 11.本周的汽车供给很可能比今年的汽车供给更为缺乏价格弹性。对

12.如果蓝牛仔裤的供给价格弹性是1.3，那么，蓝牛仔裤的价格上升10%，它的供给量就会增加13%。对 13.随着企业的生产设备达到其最大生产能力，供给倾向于更缺乏价格弹性。对 14.使市场供给曲线向右移动的技术进步总会使生产者得到的总收益增加。错，只有富有价格弹性，才能增加总收益。 15. 像钻石这类奢侈品的需求收人弹性往往很大（大于）1。对二、单项选择题 1.如果一种物品价格的微小百分比变动大大减少了该物品的需求量，那么，该物品的需求是B a.缺乏价格弹牲。 b.富有价格弹性。 c.单位价格弹性。 d.缺乏收人弹性。 e.富有收入弹性。 2.需求价格弹性的定义为C

微观经济学期末考试试卷(含答案)

西方经济学（微观部分）期末考试试卷（A卷）考试科目：微观经济学考试类型：（闭卷）考试时间：120 分钟学号姓名年级专业一、单项选择题（每题0.5分，共15分，将正确答案填入答题纸上） 1.看不见的手一般指（） A、机会成本 B、政府 C、利润 D、价格 2.经济学中的“稀缺性”是指（） A 世界上大多数人生活在贫困中B、相对于资源的需求而言，资源总是不足的C用资源必须考虑下一代 D、世界上的资源终将被人类消耗光 3.如果x与y商品是互补品，x价格下降，将使y（） A、需求量增加 B、需求增加 C、需求量减少 D、需求减少 4.冰棒的需求价格弹性（）药品的需求价格弹性 A、大于 B、小于 C、等于 D、大于或等于 5.下列命题中哪个是规范经济学的命题?( ) A.征税对中等收入家庭是不公平的 B. 1982年8月政府把贴现率降到10％ C. 1981年失业率超过9％ D.社会保险税的课税依据现已超过30000美元 6.如果消费者的预算收入为50美元，商品X和Y的价格均为5美元，消费者打算购买6单位X和4单位Y，商品X、Y的边际效用分别为25和20，那么，要达到效用最大化，他应该（） A、按原计划购买 B、减少X和Y的购买量 C、增加X、Y的购买量 D、增加X的同时减少Y的量 7.消费者预算线发生平移时，连接消费者均衡点的曲线称为（） A、需求曲线； B、价格－消费曲线； C、收入－消费曲线； D、恩格尔曲线。

8.当某人面对一张彩票时，如果是212111UW P W PU W P PW U )()(])([-+?-+，则意味着这个人是属于下列哪一类人 ( ) A ．风险回避者 B ．风险喜爱者 C ．风险中立者 D ．都不是 9.如果某厂商增加一单位劳动使用量能够减少三单位资本，而仍生产同样的产出量，则MRTS LK 为：（） A 1/3 B 3 C -3 D 6 10. MC 曲线达到最低时（） A MP 最大 B AV C 最小 C TC 最大 D AC 最小 11.某厂商每年从企业的总收入中取出一部分作为自己所提供的生产要素的报酬,这部分资金被视为（）。 A 、显成本； B 、隐成本； C 、会计成本 D 、经济利润。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/ae13502083.html,C 曲线（）。 A 当LMC ＜LAC 时下降，而当LMC ＞LAC 时上升 B 随LM C 曲线下降而下降 C ．随LMC 曲线上升而上升 D.通过LMC 曲线的最低点 13. 在完全竞争市场中，（）。 A 消费者是价格接受者，而企业不是 B 消费者和企业都不是价格接受者 C 消费者和企业都是价格接受者 D 企业是价格接受者，而消费者不是 14．一个企业在以下哪种情况下应该关闭？（） A P ＜AVC B P ＜SAC C 发生亏损时 D SMC ＞MR 15.短期内，完全竞争厂商只能通过对（）调整来实现最大利润。 A.生产规模 B.价格 C.全部生产要素 D.产量 16. 完全竞争厂商的短期供给曲线应该是（） A 曲线上超过平均成本最低点的部分 B 曲线上超过收支相抵点的部分 C 曲线上的停止营业点和超过停止营业点以上的部分 D 曲线上的收支相抵点和超过收支相抵点以上的部分 17.下列哪一种情况对单一价格垄断者是不正确的？( ) A. 由于只有一个企业，企业的需求就是行业的需求 B. 由于没有替代品，需求缺乏弹性 C. 平均收益曲线就是需求曲线 D. 边际收益小于价格 18.寡头垄断和垄断竞争之间的主要区别是（）。 a.厂商的广告开支不同 b.非价格竞争的种类不同 c.厂商之间相互影响的程度不同 d.以上都不对 19. 下列那一个不是垄断竞争的特征（） A.厂商数目很少 B.进出该行业容易 C.存在产品差别 D.厂商忽略竞争对手的反应

曼昆的《微观经济学原理》课业笔记英文版

Ch 1 Ten Principles of economic ?Scarcity: the limited nature of society’s resources ?Economics: the study of how society manages its scarce resources, e.g. ?There are 10 principle of economic which are needed to be remember throughout. ?People face trade-off 1. Individual(time,money) and society(efficiency vs equality). ?Cost of something is what your give up to get it.\ 1. The opportunity cost of any item is whatever must be given up to obtain it. ?Rational people thinking at margin(effect of one additional item) 1. This principle assume that everyone is rational people(made their decision base on their interests) this was addressed on Adam Smith's Wealth of Nation. ?People respond to incentives(诱惑物） 1. This statement reveals that human psychology is a important feature in economic study. ?Trade can make everyone better-off 1.Ex: trade of agricultural product and technology between Japan and America, it will break the law of PPF. It involved absolute advantages(low input) and comparative advantage(low opportunity cost win) ?Markets are usually a good way to organize economy activity. 1.Markets can balance the price. ?Government can sometime improve market outcome. ? A country's standard of living depends on its ability to produce goods and services. ?Price rise when government print too much money.

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