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翻译

翻译
翻译

Do the important

I used to take participate in a job-finding meeting after graduating from the college, of which was a car company advertising for sales consultant.

The requirement of employment was very easy, which asked for each attendee to finish a test paper during twenty minutes. The test paper was filled with closely-written question both sides of the upper and lower volume, which could not be finished at required time, however.

Staring at the test paper blankly, I didn’t know how to approach. While I skimming through the paper, I found that only the last two questions on the second volume were relevant to car sailing. And the rest weren’t completely. As the time was limited, I merely chose these two questions, seeming to feel meaningless for the other questions. Unlike others, who seized every second to write, hurried and powerlessly. Finally I finished the last two questions easily and handed in the examination paper.

One week later, I received a letter of employment from the company. On the registering day, the chief examiner told to me smilingly, “Y ou are the only one who answered the least questions among all the job-finders, however, you have written the necessary. As you are able to differentiate what is primary from what is secondary, and able to make use of your intelligence, we eventually decide on you.” Thus I came to realize the company’s purpose for setting so much questions, because they were doing test on your ability of selecting and differentiating things of importance.

Review: Actually we usually confront with a number of such life-concerned test papers in daily works and life. Despite the lack of sufficient time and energy, we should learn to choose the significant one to do through distinguishing. Only the things of importance needed to be done. As for the things of no consequence, one always achieve nothing no matter how much efforts were made.

The most dangerous crisis

The students were all rolling up their sleeves, preparing for the final fighting practice as the course of fighting train was to be finished.

“Do you consider yourself as a hundred-battle fighter? ”, the instructor asked, “I dare say that many people will fall into my traps !”

“Y ou are a great joker. We ourselves have dug traps while setting up bamboos and spreading soils, considered to be experienced. Hehe…, will we fail to figure out the traps? ”an excellent student unfairly said.

Seeing the student was absence of persuasion, the instructor became serious suddenly. My traps havn’t to be a deep one, however, in which I assure you of falling entirely. Meanwhile, regardless of your climbing outside, you definitely couldn’t go back on your words.” He said in a deliberate way.

The exercise finally came to an end after 20 minutes, everyone arrived at the ultimate gathering site in a depressed state. They were all in a fluster by the smelly sludge which made them sticky, for many of them have dropped into traps where besides it was a ditch.

“So horrible the instructor was,” the jeered student cried, “How could he dug two traps together! We have just leaped one, considering to have a relax, but expectedly fell into another!”

Review: No moment is more dangerous than the moment you consider yourself absolutely out

of danger. Therefore, during the walk in the midst of the cloud full of competition, the invariable cautious mood of the administrator haven’t long been self-blow triumph, but the essential self-protection.

1.重要的才是要做的

大学毕业,参加过一个求职会,其中有一家汽车公司招聘销售顾问。

招聘内容非常简单,要求每个应试者做一份试卷,答题时间只有20分钟,试卷题目却密密麻麻上下卷正反两面,根本做不完。

我面对试卷发呆,不知从何下手。浏览时却发现,试卷中只有下卷中最后两题是与汽车销售有关的,其它的均与这些招聘没有任何关系。在仅有的时间内,我只选择了这两题,好像做其它的题目没有任何的意义,看着别人不放弃一秒,匆匆答题,实在力不从心,我自习轻松地回答了最后两题,便交了试卷。

一个星期后,我接到了招聘方录用的通知。报到那天,主考官笑着对我说:“你是在所有求职者中答题最少的,但你做了要做的,你是一个能够分清主次,会动脑子会做事情的人,所以我们选中了你。”我这才明白,招聘试题是公司故意出那么多题,他们是在考验你,会不会选择,能不能分清重要的东西。

点评:其实,生活工作中,我们常常遇到很多这种人生的“试卷”,没有太多时间和精力去全部完成,但我们要学会从中区别,选择重要的事情来做,只有重要的才是要做的。哪些无关紧要的东西,你做得再多,往往也是一无所获。

最危险的,是自以为渡过了危机

作战训练班就要结束了,每位学员都摩拳擦掌,准备投入最后的作战演习。“你们自认为是身经百战了吗?”教官说,“我敢说,有不少人会掉进我的陷阱!”

“教官太会说笑了,我们自己也挖过坑,架起竹枝,撒上土,可以说经验老到,呵呵,陷阱还能看不出来?”有一位优秀的学员不服气地说。看到这位学员有点不服,教官突然变得严肃起来了:“我的陷阱不必挖深,但保证你们都会掉下去,而且就算爬出去,也绝对赖不掉。”他一字一顿地说道。

30分钟过去,演戏终于结束了,到达了最后的集合地点,每个人都一副苦相,身上臭烘烘的污泥弄得他们手足无措,因为很多人掉进了陷阱。而陷阱就挨着那个一旁的水沟,沟里的泥弄得他们全身都黏糊糊的。“长官也太可怕了!”那个起哄的学员说,“他居然挖了两个陷阱!我们刚跳过一个,正想放松一下,就掉进了下一个!”

点评:最危险的时候,往往就出现在你自以为已经脱离危险的时候。因此,在竞争大雾中行走,管理者始终保持如履薄冰的心态,早已不是自我标榜的作秀,而是自我保护的必需。

翻译研究途径的回顾与发展

龙源期刊网 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a117202012.html, 翻译研究途径的回顾与发展 作者:杨可伊 来源:《文教资料》2018年第01期 摘要:本文从翻译学研究途径回顾、翻译学当代研究的发展和翻译学有待拓展的领域三方面对近几十年来翻译学的学科发展做了梳理和总结,从语言的对比研究、功能主义学派、描写翻译学及翻译的文化转向方面做了总结和回顾,肯定了翻译学理论研究取得的卓越成果,指出了翻译学学科在纯理论研究、专项研究及构建我国翻译体系理论等方面相对滞后,以期翻译学学者和专家为丰富翻译学理论做出专门研究。 关键词:翻译研究途径翻译学理论 一、引言 研究途径是指研究者用作研究的理论与方法,翻译学处于跨学科的领域,需要借鉴其他学科的研究理论和方法丰富本学科内涵,正所谓翻译的研究途径。归纳起来,翻译研究的途径即从语言学角度研究翻译语言和对比文本阶段开始,经历了德国功能主义学派阶段、描写翻译研究阶段、文化转向研究阶段及当代社会学方向研究、实证性转向研究及全球化转向研究阶段。 二、翻译研究途径回顾 1. 50年代末至70年代注重语言的对比研究 相关理论霍姆斯、雅各布逊、卡特福德、奈达、纽马克、穆南及费道罗夫等。奈达提出了著名的动态对等翻译观,在第三阶段用功能对等取代了动态对等,指出翻译需要寻找以交际功能为目的的对等语,从而重新组织语言的结构和语义的形式,(Nida and Taber, 1969:12)奈达进一步指出翻译必须达意、传神、措辞通顺及考虑读者的接受。几乎和奈达同一时期,苏联著名翻译理论家费道罗夫(A.V. Fedorov)提出翻译学理论和语言学学科紧密相关,强调翻译要通过两种语言的对比才能体现出来,翻译要通过语言学学科才能表现出来。(蔡毅、段京华,2000:5-6)此外,哈蒂姆(Basil Hatim),纽马克(Peter Newmark),贝尔(Roger Bell)格特(Ernst-August Gutt)等将语用学、篇章语言学、认知语言学与翻译研究结合,丰富并促进了翻译语言的对比研究。 2. 70年代末至80年代德国功能主义学派研究 德国的翻译功能学派针对翻译语言学派重形式的不足,提出重文化和交际功能,将翻译研究置于目的语文化和语境中。赖斯通过文本类型理论(text typology)阐释不同文本类型的功能,指出文本的多义性和多功能性,他们运用语言功能和交际的特点分析和研究翻译。弗米尔提出目的论(Skopostheorie),认为翻译文本要以达到目的语语境为目的,并指出译文要根据目的语读者和译入语习惯达到文内连贯和互文连贯的原则。曼塔里阐发了翻译行为理论

时代周刊翻译

…Back to Sleep?: Why Are 2,500 U.S. Babies Still Dying of SIDS Each Year? ‘用背部睡觉’:为什么美国每年都有2500个婴儿死于婴儿猝死综合症 Putting babies on their back to sleep has dramatically reduced the number of SIDS deaths, but thousands of babies still die each year. A look at the key risk factors. 让婴儿用背部睡觉戏剧性的减少了婴儿猝死综合症的死亡数量,但每年还是有上千数量的婴儿死亡。这有一种对于关键的风险因素的看法。 There?s no doubt that the Back to Sleep campaign launched in 1994 to get parents to stop putting babies to sleep on their tummies has been a success. In the 1970s and 1980s, the rate of infant deaths per 1,000 live births was 1.5; it?s now 0.5. 无需置疑的是,1994年发起的用背部睡觉的运动,旨在阻止父母让婴儿用肚子睡觉是成功的。在20世纪70到80年代,婴儿死亡率为每一千名安全出生婴儿中有1.5,现在是0.5。 Within a generation, most babies are now put to bed on their backs, and yet 2,500 U.S. infants still die each year in the U.S. Researchers trying to understand why have noticed a curious byproduct of the trend toward back-sleeping: as fewer babies were being put to sleep on their bellies, more babies were documented engaging in other pediatric no-nos — sleeping with their parents, for example — which is another risk factor for SIDS. 在一代人中,大部分婴儿现在都用背部放在床上,但美国每年依然有2500个婴儿死亡。研究员正试图弄明白为什么人们会注意到用背部睡觉这种趋势的奇怪的副产品:越来越少的婴儿用腹部睡觉,越来越多的婴儿被证明参与到了一些儿科禁止的事情中——例如,和父母一起睡——这是婴儿猝死综合症的另一个风险因素。 A study published Monday in the journal Pediatrics takes a look at how risk factors for SIDS have evolved over the years. In an analysis of the 954 babies who died suddenly and unexpectedly in San Diego County between 1991 and 2008 — 568 of these deaths were attributed to SIDS — researchers found that

英语学习23

1 diabetes[英][?da???bi:ti:z] [美][?da???bit?s, -tiz] 生词本 简明释义 n.<医>糖尿病;多尿症;中消 以下结果由金山词霸提供 柯林斯高阶英汉词典网络释义 1.N-UNCOUNT糖尿病Diabetes is a medical condition in which someone has too much sugar in their blood. 以下结果由金山词霸提供 例句 There is a looming cataclysm for type 2 diabetes. 2型糖尿病即将大规模泛滥。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a117202012.html, Perhaps you have an illness like diabetes. 也许你患有糖尿病。 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a117202012.html,

What are the signs of diabetes? 糖尿病都有哪些征兆? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a117202012.html, Can stomach surgery cure diabetes? 缩胃手术能否治愈糖尿病? https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a117202012.html, 3 New rules to reverse diabetes 逆转糖尿病的三个新理论 https://www.wendangku.net/doc/a117202012.html, 查看更多 2 immunocompromise 英[?mj?n??'k?mpr?m?s] 美[?mj?n??'k?mpr?m?s] immunocompromise是什么意思,词典释义与在线翻译: 英语口语课程,365天免费直播 基本释义 免疫妥协 3 steroid畅通词汇

20世纪中国翻译研究_特殊年代的文化怪胎_黄皮书_

43 广东外语外贸大学学报 JOURNAL OF GUANGDONG UNIVERSITY OF FOREIGN STUDIES 2010年5月May. 2010 第21卷第3期VOL.21 NO.3 20世纪中国翻译研究: 特殊年代的文化怪胎“黄皮书” 内容提要:本文考察1960-1978年翻译文学史上一个奇特现象。这便是中国当代文化史上一度影响不小的“黄皮书”。本文检讨这套书的缘起、目的、选目方式、翻译和出版,最后分析了这套书的接受、影响和特别作用。 关键词:“黄皮书”;翻译选择;接受;特殊作用 中图分类号:H059 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1672-0962(2010)03-0043-05 王友贵 (广东外语外贸大学?广州?510420) 一、文化怪胎“黄皮书”:缘起与目的 “黄皮书”乃中国1960-1978年这段特定历史时期的翻译文学产品。因其封面十分简单,常用黄色胶版纸作封面封底,封面或封底印有“内部发行”字样,故俗称“黄皮书”。其中不乏后来发生深刻影响的当代外国文学作品。它的存在表明1960-76年的中国一方面拒绝包括苏联在内的当代欧美日外国文学,否认其合法性,拒绝与之公开发生关系,别一方面又有压不住的强烈翻译需要。有趣的是,其中不少译著到80年代摇身一变“扶正”了,从“内部”到“公开”;其中部分作品给特殊年代的读者,尤其是青年读者,留下终身难忘的印象。 “黄皮书”缘于中苏两党生重大分歧之初。其前身是分歧初起之1957年便开始选译的“内部参考”作品,如苏联的《不单单是面包》(1957)。与其前身相对应者,是1957年3月1日《参考消息》由刊物变为报纸,4开4版。“黄皮书”作为批量翻译的书籍,其正式启动略晚一点,在59年12月至60年1月北京新侨饭店的一次会议上启动[1],与此同时《世界文学》编辑部奉命编选《世界文学参考资料专辑》,陆续出版。“黄皮书”前后历时约19年,正式启动前的1957-59年可谓预备期,文革初期4年(1967-70)停译,1977-78年是其尾声。其正式批量翻译在60年代初。最初推出的“黄皮书”并非黄皮裹身。据参与其事的秦顺新回忆,出 了十几本“内部发行”之后,主其事的林默涵找人文社总编韦君宜商量,建议统一采用不显眼的土黄色作封面,人文社照办。后来文化界、读书界袭用“黄皮书”专指60-70年代翻译的“内部发行”的外国文学书(不过70年代始见白皮、灰麻麻的纸作封)。它前期由人民文学出版社负责,上海方面偶尔参与,具体由人文社的副牌“作家出版社”、“中国戏剧出版社”充任出版者;后期上海方面参与程度高,与人文社共同负责。“黄皮书”仅是皮书系列内的一大类,类似的还有“灰皮书”,译著更多。“灰皮书”指内部翻译的“修正主义”和欧美历史、传记、政治、理论等社科著作,由人民出版社负责,商务、中央编译局、世界知识出版社参与其事,当时人民社的副牌“三联”亦参与。 出版界资深文化人陈原先生这样描述非常时期的这两类书[2]: 六十年代初,反修的热浪席卷全国,出版了两套很别致的所谓修正主义的“反面教材”:一套用灰色纸作封面封底,习惯上称之为“灰皮书”,一套用黄色纸作封面封底,叫“黄皮书”。灰皮书收录社会科学论著,包括考茨基、托洛茨基、布哈林、赫鲁晓夫等人的著述或评传;黄皮书则收录所谓“修正主义”文学作品。 承担“灰皮书”部分任务的原商务负责人陈翰伯先生曾经在文革中一份交代材料里谈及这个任务的缘起:“1961年底或1962年初钓鱼台反修小组,康生同志通过包之静要几 收稿日期:2010-01-15 *基金项目:本文是广东省“211工程”三期建设项目《人文学中心建设—比较视野 的文学通化研究》子课题“20世纪下半叶中国文学家翻译群体研究”(项目编号:GDUFS211-2-002)的研究成果。 作者简介:王友贵,男,四川成都人,博士,广东外语外贸大学英文学院教授,博士生导师;研究方向:英 国文学,中国20世纪翻译文学史,翻译史,文学翻译。

科学美国人的中文翻译

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大数据时代英文翻译

Era of Big Data is a woman's age; women in the gene can accumulate and deal with big data/ women are born to accumulate and deal with big data. Many men and children, in fact, have been wondering about this special ability of women. Like, as a child, just as soon as you entered the house your Mother said immediately in a suspicious tone: “Liu zhijun, you didn’t do well in the exam today, did you.” Another example, you just have a glance at the mobile phone, your wife laughs: “Does Er gou the next door ask you to play games?” One more ex ample, when you close the door and make a phone call, your girlfriend will cry: “Who are shot in bed?” They are sometimes right, sometimes wrong. However, On the whole, the accuracy rate is higher than chance level. When they are wrong, men would sneer women always give way to foolish fancies; when they are right, men would say women are sensitive animal maybe with more acute sensory organs. Anyway, that is a guess. It has already scared man that overall accuracy rate is higher than the random level. In order to adapt to this point, the male also developed a very strong skills against reconnaissance. This part is beyond the scope of this article, so no more details about it. Some studies, such as Hanna Holmes’s paper, have indi cated that the white matter of the female’s brain is higher than that of the male. So they have very strong imagination of connecting things together. Some recent studies have shown that women are better than men in the "date" memory. That is the reason why they are able to remember all the birthdays, anniversaries, and even some of the great day of unimportant friends. No matter whether these results are true or not, I am afraid that this is not women's most outstanding ability. Women's most remarkable ability is a long-term tracking of some seemingly unimportant data to form their own baseline and pattern. Once the patterns of these data points are significantly different from the baseline she is familiar with, she knows something unusual. In their daily life, women do not consider the difference between causality and correlation. They believe in the principle: "There must be something wrong out of something unusual." People who talk about big data often take Lin Biao as an example. Lin Biao recorded some detailed and unimportant data after a battle. Such as seized guns, the proportion of rifles and pistols, the age levels of war prisoners, seized grain, whether they are sorghum or millet, etc., all of which were unavoidably recorded in the book. Others laughed at him. But later, he determined where the enemy headquarters were according to these data. What women do is almost the same. A girl A has a secret crush on boy B, but she usually doesn’t contact him directly. Two days later, I asked her if she wanted to ask him to have dinner together. She said he was playing. I wondered “how do you know that?” She said that boy B usually is on the line Gmail at 8:00 am, away status at8:30am, for he goes out to buy coffee and breakfast, on line again at 9:00am, busy status, for he is at work, away again at12:30am for lunch, on line for whole evenings, maybe for reading or playing games. His buddy C is on line at10:00 am, still online till 2:00am next day. He is a boy who gets up late and stays up late. His buddy D is on line for the most of the day. However, the most important pattern is that there are 2-3 days per week, during which they would be offline or away for 3-4 hours together. Conclusion: they are playing together.

对翻译的科学性和艺术性的思考

对翻译的科学性和艺术性的思考 关键词: 翻译;科学性;艺术性 摘要: 翻译是科学还是艺术历来是译学家们争论的焦点。西方译学家奈达博士在60 年代曾有过建立翻译科学的设想,试图用语言学的理论和方法来说明翻译问题,但未能取得成功。而后,到了90 年代他则断言:翻译不是科学,而是艺术。笔者就奈达博士由科学论向艺术论的转变,对翻译的性质进行了理性思考:翻译中对“忠实”目标的追求体现了翻译的科学精神,而为实现“忠实”又离不开艺术创造,因此科学性和艺术性贯穿于翻译活动的全过程,二者互为补充,缺一不可。 Philosophic Thinking of the Science and the Art of Translating ———on Nida’s“Toward a Science of Translating” ZHANG Rui - qing1 ,ZHANG Hui - qing2 (1. The School of Foreigh L anguages , S hanxi University , Taiyuan , China ; 2. English Department , Northern China Engineering Institute , Taiyuan , China) Key words : t ranslation ;science ;art ;faithfulness. Abstract : What is t ranslating ? Is it science or art ? This has long been one of the focal cont roversies among t ranslatologist s. Dr. Eugene A. Nida attempted to establish a science of t ranslating by applying linguistic theories and approaches to t ranslating problems in the 1960s ,but failed. In the 1990s he claimed conversely that t ranslating was not science ,but skills. His shift prompt s the author of this essay to draw the couclusion that ,in the process of t ranslating ,the pursuit of faithfulness to the original reveals the scientific approach of t ranslators ,but to attain faithfulness , artistic creation plays an immeasurable role in good t ranslations. “翻译科学”是一门“研究翻译的科学”。怎样才能构成科学? 首先必须要有客观规律正如金堤先生所说:“艺术与科学之争的焦点是一个实质性的问题。翻译这一活动究竟是否受客观规律的支配? 如果受客观规律的支配,那么既然我们现在还没有完全认识这些规律,我们就必须用科学的方法加以研究,而如果这一活动主要靠独创,谈不到什么规律,那么我们只能把它当作一门艺术。”因此,翻译是科学还是艺术关键就在于其是否具有客观规律。我们在翻译活动中没有探索到客观规律之前,是无法断定翻译是科学的。西方译论家并没有主张建立“翻译科学” ,在他们的译论中,也不用“翻译科学”一词。在西方大学课程中,只有“翻译理论” ,或“翻译研究”,或“翻译学”。唯一用过“翻译科学”一词的,只有奈达博士。60年代,他在“Toward a Science of Translating”一书中指出,翻译是科学也是艺术,并试图用乔姆斯基的转换生成语法的原理,通过深层结构的分析,探索语际转换的客观规律,从而建立翻译科学。但这一尝试未能取得成功,语际转换的规律也未能找到。此后,他在1991 年发表的《翻译:可能与不可能》一文中说,我们不能使翻译成为一门科学,出色的翻译是创造性的艺术。可见奈达由科学派转向了艺术派,并从此放弃了建立翻译科学的设想。1998 年,他在答《外国语》记者问时,又重申了这一论点,认为翻译不可能成为科学。 一翻译科学论的困惑 寻求支配翻译活动的客观规律是历代译学家们孜孜以求的奋斗目标,困扰了几代译学家。只有到了现代,有了现代语言学的基础,才有可能打出翻译科学论的旗号,将侧重点放在科学的基点上。然而,,奈达为何一度认为翻译是科学也是艺术,而后来又说翻译不是科学只是艺术呢?翻译的科学论之所以陷入矛盾,其根源在于翻译对象所涉及的媒介———语言———本身所具有的特性———任意性特征。这种特性决定了科学无法完成其使命,因而即使很不情愿也不得不转而求助于艺术。首先,大多数人已经接受的一个事实是:虽然科学力图把文本语言中的意义一点一滴地落实,但语言却总是拒绝把它的全部意义交出来。事实上,现代批评

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