虚拟语气
课堂讲解
1.(2012湖南)Sorry, I am too busy now, if I time, I would certainly go for an outing with you.
A. have had
B. had had
C. have
D. had
2.(2012天津) We would have called a taxi yesterday if Harold us a ride home.
3.如果上天再给我一次机会,我一定会对那个女孩说我爱你
4 .如果不曾遇到挑战,我们中学生就不曾成长。如果你不将克服烦躁,你就不将快乐生活。
5. (2013北京) If we a table earlier, we couldn’t be standing here in a queue.
A.have booked
B. booked
C. book
D. had booked
5.(2014福建)no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world.
A. Were there
B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been
6.(2011陕西) I_______ through that bitter period without your generous help.
A. couldn’t have gone
B. didn’t go
C. wouldn’t go
D. hadn’t gone
7.(2012福建)We lost our way in that small village, otherwise, we more places of interest.
A .went
B .hand gone
C .would go
D .would have gone
8.(2012辽宁)Jack is a great talker. It is high time that he something instead of just talking.
A. will do
B. has done
C. do
D. did
9.(2013浙江)Eye doctors recommend that a child’s first eye exam _______at the age of six months old.
A. was
B. be
C. were
D. is
10.(2012北京)Don’t handle the vase as if it ____ made of steel.
A. is
B. were
C. has been
D. had been
11.(2011北京)——Where are the children? The dinner‘s going to be completely ruined. ——I wish they __ always late.
A. weren‘t
B. hadn‘t been
C. wouldn‘t be
D. wouldn‘t have been
12.(2010江苏) George is going to talk about the geography of his country, but I‘d rather he______ more on its culture.
A. focus
B. focused
C. would focus
D. had focused
真题演练
1(2014湖南) If Mr. Dewey ______ present, he would have offered any possible assistance to the people there.
A. were
B.had been
C. should be
D. was
2.(2013江苏) I should not have laughed if I you were serious.
A.thought
B. would think
C. had thought
D. have thought
3.(2014北京)We ______ back in the hotel now if you didn't lose the map.
A.are
B. were
C. will be
D. would be
4.(2010浙江) Had I known about this computer program, a huge amount of time and energy
A would have been saved
B had been saved
C will be saved
D .was saved
5.(2011天津)I ______ sooner but I di dn’t know that they were waiting for me.
A . had come B. was coming C.would come D. would have come
6.(2011北京) Maybe if I_______ science, and not literature then, I would be able to give you more help.
A. studied
B. would study
C. had studied
D. was studying
7.(2011福建) —Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
——I _______ it, but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A. attended
B. had attended
C. would attend
D.would have attend
8.(2011江西)We _______ John’s name on the race list yesterday but for his recent injury.
A. will put
B. will have put
C. would put
D. would have put
9.(2010北京) —The weather has been very hot and dry. —Yes. If it had rained even a drop, things would be much better now! And my vegetables_______.
A. wouldn't die
B. didn't die
C. hadn't died
D. wouldn't have died
10.(2010天津)John went to the hospital alone. If he_______ me about it, I would have gone with him.
A. should tell
B. tells
C. told
D. had told
11. (2010陕西) If we _______ the other road, we might have arrived here in time for the meeting.
A. take
B. had taken
C. took
D. have taken
12.(2013安徽) I to my cousin’s birthday party last night, but I was not available.
A. Went
B. had gone
C. would go
D. would have gone
13.(2013天津) If he had spent more time practicing speaking English before, he_______ able to speak it much better now.
A. will be
B. would be
C. has been
D. would have been
14.(2014重庆)It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ____ it?
A. had done
B. have done
C. did
D. am doing
小试牛刀
1. We demanded that we ______of any change in the plan.
A. informed
B. would be informed
C. be informed
D. had been informed
2. It’s necessary that he ______ a recognized qualification.
A .has B. have C .had D. having
3. It's high time we _______ our attention to this problem.
A. turned
B. turn C .had turned D. would turn
4. If only you ______ him what I said! Everything would have been all right.
A .didn't told B. hadn't told C. would not tell D. would have not told
5. He must have had an accident, or he_______ here then.
A. would have been B .had been C .should have been D. could be
6. Much labour would have been saved if the electronic computers______ before.
A .had invented B. were invented C. should have been invented D. had been invented
7. _______ cease advertising, prices would be significantly reduced.
A .Were they to B. Could they C. If they D .Would they
8. Five minutes earlier, and we ______ the last bus.
A. had caught
B. should have caught
C. could have caught D .caught
9. You ______the clothes! We have a washerwoman to do that sort of thing.
A. shouldn't have washed
B. mustn't have washed
C .can not have washed D. needn't have washed
10. Jean doesn't want to work right away because she thinks that if she ____ a job she probably wouldn't be able to see her friends very often.
A .has to get B. were to get C. had got D. could have got
11. The mad man was put in the soft-padded cell lest he ________ himself.
A. injure B .had injured C. injured D .would injure
12. It is politely requested by the hotel management that radios ______ after 11 o'clock at night.
A. were not played B .not to play C .not be played D .did not play
13. You don't have to be in such a hurry. I would rather you _____on business first.
A . would go
B .will go C. went D. have gone
14. It is important that enough money ______to fund the project.
A. be collected
B. must be collected
C. was collected
D. can be collected
15. If only the committee ______ the regulations and put them into effect as soon as possible.
A. approve
B. will approve
C. can approve
D. would approve
课后练习
1.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it ______ yesterday.
A. was happening
B. happens
C. has happened
D. happened
2.——My cat’s really fat.
——You ______ have given her so much food.
A. wouldn’t
B. couldn’t
C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t
3.But for their help,we______the program in time.
A.can not finish B.will not finish C.had not finished D.could not have finished
4.But for the help of my English teacher,I ______ the first prize in the English Writing Competition.
A.would not win B.would not have won C.would win D.would have won
5.The doctor recommended that you______ swim after eating a large meal.
A.wouldn't B.couldn't C.needn't D.shouldn't
6.If he ______ my advice,he wouldn't have lost his job.
A.followed B.should follow C.had followed D.would follow
7.If we ______ the other road,we might have arrived here in time for the meeting. A.take B.had taken C.took D.have taken
8.Had I known about this computer program,a huge amount of time and energy ______. A.would have been saved B.had been saved C.will be saved D.was saved
9.—John went to the hospital alone.
—If he ______ me about it,I would have gone with him.
A.should tell B.tells C.told D.had told
10.George is going to talk about the geography of his country,but I'd rather he______ more on its culture.
A.focus B.focused C.would focus D.had focused
11.—The weather has been very hot and dry.
—Yes .If it had rained even a drop,things would be much better now!And my vegetables ______.
A.wouldn't die B.didn't die C.hadn't died D.wouldn't have died
12.Teachers recommend parents ______ their children under 12 to ride bicycles to school for safety.
A.not allow B.do not allow C.mustn't allow D.couldn't allow
13.I______through that bitter period without your generous help.
A.couldn't have gone B.didn't go C.wouldn't go D.hadn't gone
14.—Pity you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.
—I ______ it,but I was busy preparing for a job interview.
A.attended B.have attended C.would attend D.would have attended
15.I ______ sooner but I didn't know that they were waiting for me.
A.had come B.was coming C.would come D.would have come
16.Maybe if I ______ science,and not literature then,I would be able to give you more help.
A.studied B.would study C.had studied D.was studying
17.—Where are the children?The dinner's going to be completely ruined.
—I wish they ______ always late.
A.weren't B.hadn't been C.wouldn't be D.wouldn't have been
18. I don't think it advisable that Tom _____to the job since he has no experience.
A. is assigned
B. will be assigned
C.be assigned
D.has been assigned
19. You _________ her in her office last Friday; she's been out of town for two weeks.
A. needn't have seen B .must have seen
C. might have seen
D. can't have seen
20. We didn't know his telephone number, otherwise we _________ him.
A. would have telephoned
B. must have telephoned
C. would telephone
D. had telephoned
21. He ______ you more help, even though he was very busy.
A. might have given
B. might give
C. should give
D. may give
22. What would have happened ________ as far as the river bank?
A. Bob had walked
B. if Bob should walk
C. had Bob walked
D. if Bob walked
23. ________ I in your position, I would not accept the invitation.
A. Was
B. Were
C. Be
D. Am
24. If my father ________ here the day after tomorrow, he ________ me at all.
A. came, can’t see B comes, couldn’t see
C. comes, couldn’t have seen
D. came, couldn’t see
25. If it ________ to snow next week, I would not go to visit that mountain village.
A. is
B. be
C. were
D. are
26. If it ________ rain this evening, I would not go to see this American film.
A. would
B. should
C. could
D. might
27. __________ asked to do this, I would certainly do it in a different way.
A. Were I
B. Am I
C. If I am
D. Was I
28. If he could help us, I am sure he ________. He’s always ready to help others.
A. should
B. had
C. would have
D. did
29.________ her in time, she would have jumped into the river.
A. If I stopped
B. Did I stop
C. If I didn’t stop
D. If I hadn’t stopped
30. If I _________ ten years younger, I _________ out to try my luck.
A. am, would go
B. was, will go
C. were, would go
D. were, would have gone
Unit13虚拟语气专题讲解 【知识要点】 语气(mood)是一种动词形式,用以表示说话者的意图或态度。 英语有三种语气: *直陈语气(indicative mood)---- 事实 France lies to the east of England. *祈使语气(imperative mood)---- 请求、命令 Make yourself at home. *虚拟语气(subjunctive mood) If there were no air and water , we should not be able to live on the earth. 虚拟语气表示说话人的一种主观愿望或假想,所说的是一个条件而不一定是事实,或与事实相反。 一. 虚拟语气在if条件状语从句中的用法 假设类型条件从句谓语 动词形式 主语谓语 动词形式 与现在事实相反动词的过去式(be用were而不用was) should/ would /could/ might+动词原形 与过去事实相反had + 过去分词 should/ would/could /might + have+过去分词 与将来事实相反1.should+动词原形 2.动词过去式 3.were to+动词原形 should/ would/ could/ might +动词原形 1. 在错综条件句子中,虚拟条件从句和主句动作发生的时间不一致,因此,主句和从句的谓语动词应根据所指的时间选用适当的虚拟语气形式。 1)If I were you,I wouldn't have missed the film last night. 2)If he had followed the doctor's advice,he would recover already.(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。) 2、在if虚拟条件句中,有时可把连词省去,采用倒装语序把谓语动词were或助动词did,had,should 移到句 首构成非真实条件从句的另一种句型,其意思不变。 1)Had we time to spare,we would be glad to go to the park. 2)Were it not for the discovery of electricity,the modern world would experience great inconvenience. 3、有时假设的情况不用if引导虚拟条件从句来表述,而用介词(如without, but for等)引出的短语、分词 (如supposing等)引出的短语、并列连词(如or,otherwise,but,though等)、由动词suppose引出的祈使句或通过上下文的意思来表达。此时句中谓语动词仍采用虚拟语气的相应形式。 1)But for your advice,I would not be able to do this work. 2)Victor obviously doesn't know what's happened,otherwise he wouldn't have made such a stupid remark.。
if only强调所希望的状态并不存在,而wish则表示某事有可能发生。 一、wish用法说明 动词wish后接宾语从句时,从句谓语要用虚拟语气。 要表示与现在事实相反的愿望,从句谓语用一般过去时或过去进行时(be 动词一律用were);表示与过去相反的愿望,从句谓语用过去完成时或 would/could+had +过去分词; 表示将来没有把握或不太可能实现的愿望,从句谓语用 would/could/should/might+动词原形。 I wish I were not so busy.但愿我不那样忙碌。 I wish I were [was] better looking.要是我长得漂亮些就好了。 She wished she had stayed at home.她后悔的是她当时要是留在家里就好了。 I wish you would go with us tomorrow.要是你明天同我们一起去就好了。 I wish you wouldn’t look down on this kind of work.我希望你不要看不起这种工作。 This watch has gone wrong. I wish I had bought a better make.这只表坏了,我真愿意我买的是好一点的牌子。 I wish you wouldn’t smoke any more.我希望你不再抽烟了。 I wish you would be more respectful to your father.我希望你对你父亲更尊敬些。 I wish I could be of some use.我希望我能有什么用处。 二、if only 1.在if only这个短语中,only只是加强if的语气的,不仅能表达说话人的愿望,而且能表达条件。
虚拟语气(Subjunctive Mood)这一语法项目是各类英语考试中心测试的重点之一。虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式,用来表示说话人所说的话并不是事实,而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑或推测。判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思,看假设的条件是否能够实现,能够实现是真实条件句,不能使用虚拟语气;假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句,要用虚拟语气.判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况:①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反 I: 最基本的虚拟语气句型: 1. 虚拟现在时表示与现在事实相反的假设,其if 从句的谓语形式用动词的过 去式(be 一般用were),主句用would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形。 If places were a like, there would be little need for geographers. 如果各个地方都一样,就不需要地理学家了。 2. 虚拟过去时是表示与过去事实相反的假设,if 从句的谓语形式用过去完成时 即had+过去分词,主句用would / should / could / might + have +过去分词。 If he had known your address yesterday, he would have telephoned you. 3. 虚拟将来时是表示对将来实现的可能性很小的或不确定的假设。If从句的谓 语形式用一般过去式或用were to / should +动词原形,主句用would / should /could/ might +动词原形。 If he were to leave today, he would get there by Friday 4. 省略if 采用倒装语序的条件句。 有时可以把含有助动词、情态动词、be或have的虚拟条件句中的连词if 省去,而将had , should, were 等词 提到主语之前,即用倒装结构。 Had he worked harder, he would have got through the exams. Were he to leave today, he would get there by Friday. Were I in your place, I wouldn't do that 5. 有时虚拟条件句并没来if 从句表示出来,而是用介词短语(otherwise, or, without, but for)、上下文或其它方式来表示。 We didn't know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him. Without you help, I wouldn't have achieved so much. But for your help, I would not have succeeded. II: 虚拟语气在从句中用should的情况: 1. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的动词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should 可以省略. 如advise, agree, command, decide, demand, determine, grant, indicate, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, require, stipulate, suggest, urge, vote. 常考到的是: suggest, advise, demand, require, propose, insist, order, request. His doctor suggested that he (should) take short leave of absence. The author proposed that TV (should) be turned off at least one hour every day. 2. 在建议,要求,命令,想法后的名词后的从句里, 用should + 动词原形, should可以省略. 如advice, agreement, command, decision, decree, demand, determination, indication, insistence, order, preference, proposal, request, requirement, stipulation etc. It was Bill's suggestion that everyone (should) have a map.
虚拟语气详解 虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望(往往与客观事实相反),或是表示假象和猜测。虚拟语气无论从形式上还是时态上都比较复杂,需要归类记忆。 虚拟语气大体分为三类:(1) be型虚拟(2) were型虚拟(3) if 条件句及主句虚拟下面会详细说每种虚拟形式的特征和规律,考试时先判断属于哪种虚拟类型,剩下的皆是套路~ (1)be型虚拟(基本是套路) 形式:should + 动词原形,should可以省略 用法:1)表示“命令、建议、要求”等意义词语之后的宾语从句用be型虚拟,常见的词如下: demand, desire, insist, order, ask, command, propose, recommend, suggest, prefer, require, request等 最常见的形式是这类动词后面接着一个宾语从句,则宾语从句的谓语部分要用(should)+ 动词原形来虚拟 例: We demand that the meeting(should)be postponed. The manager suggested that we (should) work together. 注意:有时候你所见到不一定是上述动词引导的宾语从句,而是由上述词变体后所引导主语从句(it做形式主语,如:it is advised/ suggested/ requested/ ordered/ proposed that…)、表语从句或同位语从句 例如:It is required that the students (should) learn a foreign language. (主语从句) The requirement is that all the equipment in the meeting room (should) be checked twice before. (表语从句) We didn’t stand for his proposal that the meeting (should)be postponed. (同位语从句) 只要看到句中有上述动词或其变体,不管词性怎么变、句型怎么变,都用be型虚拟! 特例:suggest和insist这两个比较特殊,当suggest作“暗示、表明、说明”讲,insist 作“坚持说”讲,后面一般跟的是客观事实,不需要虚拟~这是一个比较重要的考点,体会下面两组句子: We all suggest that a lab (should) be built. 我们都建议建一个实验室。 Her expression suggests that she is angry. 她的表情说明她生气了。 She insisted that we should find the source of the river. 她坚持主张我们应该找到河的源头。 She insisted that she had done nothing wrong. 她坚持说自己没做错事。 suggest 的区别很明显,但insist有点难辨别,一般来说如果insist后面跟的是某种主张,或是坚持要做一件事,那么用虚拟。 2)表示主观看法,常表示“某事是必要的、重要的。。。怎么怎么样的”,尤其是在“ it is +名词/形容词+ that从句”结构中,常见的形容词包括:advisable, desirable, essential, imperative, important, necessary, obligatory, proper, dispensable, impossible, natural, surprising等 例如:It is advisable that you (should) leave now. It is necessary that teenagers (should) take part in outside activities. It is of great importance that smoking (should) be banned in public area.
虚拟语气: 表示说的话不是事实,不可能发生或者说可能性很小的情况,表达一种愿望、建议、假设。 if were/did, would do if had done, would have done if were to do/should do, would do 举例: If I were you, I would do nothing about it. If you had taken your teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t have made such a mistake. If it were to/ should rain tomorrow(表示降水率很低),they wouldn’t go shopping. 附注: 虚拟语气,条件状从倒装 状语从句中,去掉if,提前were/ had/ should 如:If I were you, I would give up. →Were I you, I would give up If you had taken the advice, you would have…. →Had you taken the advice, you would have… If the world shou ld come to an end,…… →Should the world come to an end…… 另外,without, but for, otherwise构成的条件状语从句中,也有含蓄的虚拟语气But for the popularization of electricity, we would lead a whole different life today. (popularization 普及,publicity 宣传) Without your help, I would have failed. We’ll go earlier, otherwise we wouldn’t get a seat.(表示可能性小)
虚拟语气 一、虚拟语气的作用:1、表示与事实相反的或难以实现的情况2、表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感。 虚拟语气的用法:用在简单句、主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句和状语从句中。 二、虚拟语气用在简单句中,表示祝愿,命令. May you be happy. May you have a good time. May the friendship between us last long. Have a good journey! 三、虚拟语气用在主语从句中的用法 (1) 表情绪观点的形容词或名词也要用虚拟语气.necessary. important. impossible. natural. strange. surprising. funny. right. wrong. better. a pity等。 It is.....that 结构后的主语从句中的谓语动词都要用 should+原型或只用动词原型。It's natural that he should feel hurt. (2) It is time (about time / high time) that... + (过去时或should + 动词原形)...。 It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home. (3) It be + 过去分词+that... (should)。该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词: desired, suggested, advised, demanded, requested, ordered, proposed, insisted等。与以上词语有关的主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句都需要用虚拟语气。 It is desired that the building of the house be completed next month. 四、虚拟语气用在宾语从句中的用法 1、在wish后的用法 a、表示与现在事实相反的愿望,谓语动词用过去式 I wish I had your brains.我希望我有你那样的头脑。 b、表示与过去事实相反的愿望,谓语动词:had+done(动词过去分词) I wish I had known the truth of the matter. c、表示将来难以实现的愿望:谓语动词:should/would + 动词原形I wish I should have a chance again. 2、虚拟语气用在希望、要求、建议和命令后的用法 一想要(desire)二宁愿(prefer)三命令(order. command)四建议(advise. suggest. propose)五要求(demand. require. request. desire.insist)中,无论主句谓语动词为何种时态,从句的谓语动词都用:“should + 动词原形”或只用“动词原形” He suggested that we (should) take his advice. The police insisted that we (should) hand in the money. 注:(1)insist如果翻译成坚持某种动作才用虚拟语气,如果翻译成坚持某种观点就不用虚拟语气。 He insist he is a student. He insisted that he didn’t steal the knife. (2) suggest意为“建议”才用虚拟语气,意为“暗示、说明”则不用虚拟语气。 His face suggests that he is worried . What he said suggested that he was not the thief. 五、虚拟语气在表语从句、同位语从句中的用法 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要具体内容解释的名词后要使用虚拟语气,其谓语动词为:should + 动词原形,连接从句的that不能省略。 My suggestion is that we should go there at once. My suggestion that he should go there at once is reasonable. The order was that all the work be finished in two days. The order came that all the work be finished in two days. 六、虚拟语气在条件状语从句中的用法 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况: if+主语+did/be(were)+其他,主语+should/would/could/might+do+其他(1)If I were you, I would take an umbrella. (2)If I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. (3)If there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. (4)If I had any money with me, I could lend you some. (5)If he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况: if+主语+had done +其他,主语+should/would/could/might+have done+其他(1) If I had got there earlier, I should/could have met her.
虚拟语气在非真实条件句中 ①错综时间条件句: 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主句表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时,被称为错综时间条件句,动词的形式要根据它表示的时间作出相应的调整。如: If you had followed my advice just now, you would be better now. If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now. ②if省略句 在条件句中可以省略if, 把were, had, should提到句首,变成倒装句式。否定句时not留在原来位置不变。如: If I were at school again, I would study harder. →Were I at school again, I would study harder. 如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力学习。 If you had come earlier, you would catch the bus. →Had you come earlier, you would catch the bus. 如果你来得早点,你就能赶上公共汽车。 If it should rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. →Should it rain tomorrow, we would not go climbing. 如果明天下雨的话,我们就不能登山去了。 ③用介词代替条件状语从句 常用的介词有with, without, but for。如: What would you do with a million dollars? (=if you had a million dollars)
虚拟语气 概念 虚拟语气用来表示说话人的主观愿望或假想,而不表示客观存在的事实,所说的是一个条件,不一定是事实,或与事实相反。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气三类。 应用条件 在表示虚假的、与事实相反的或难以实现的情况时用虚拟语气,表示主观愿望或某种强烈情感时,也用虚拟语气。即当一个人说话时欲强调其所说的话是基于自己的主观想法,而不是根据客观实际,就用虚拟语气。 在非真实条件状语从句中的用法 真实条件状语从句与非真实条件状语从句 条件句可分为两类,一类为真实条件句,一类为非真实条件句。非真实条件句表示的是假设或实际可能性不大的情况,故采用虚拟语气。 例: If he doesn’t hurry up, he will miss the bus. 如果他不快点,他将错过巴士。( 真实) If he is free, he will ask me to tell stories. 如果他是空闲的,他会要求我讲故事。(真实)If I were you, I would go at once.如果我是你,我马上就会去。(非真实,虚拟语气)If there were no air, people would die. 如果没有空气,人就会死亡。(非真实,虚拟语气) 用法及动词形式
例句: 1、表示与现在事实相反的情况:例: 1. If I were you, I would take an umbrella. 如果我是你,我会带把伞。(事实:我不可能是你) I knew his telephone number, I would tell you. 如果我知道他的电话号码,我就会告诉你。(事实:不知道) there were no air or water, there would be no living things on the earth. 如果没有水和空气,地球上就不会有生物。(事实:地球上既有空气也有水) I had any money with me, I could lend you some. 如果我带钱了,我就会借给你些。(事实:没带钱) he studied harder, he might pass the exam. 如果他再努力些,就能通过考试了。(事实:没有努力) 2、表示与过去事实相反的情况例:1. If I had gotten there earlier, I should/could have met her. 如果我早到那儿,我就会见到她。(事实:去晚了) he had taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake. 如果他听我的劝告的话,就不会犯这样的错误了。(事实:没有听我的话) 3、表示对将来情况的主观推测,与将来事实相反例: he should come here tomorrow, I should/would talk to him. 如果他哪天来这儿的话,我就跟他谈谈。(事实:来的可能性很小) there were a heavy snow next Sunday, we would not go skating. 如果下周日下大雪,我们就不能去滑冰了。(事实:不知能否下雪) she were to be there next Monday, I would tell her about the matter. 如果她下周一来这儿的话,我就会告诉她这件事的始末。 4、有时,虚拟条件句中,结果主句和条件从句的谓语动作若不是同时发生时,虚拟语气的形式应作相应的调整。 ①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符。如:If I had worked hard at school, I would be an engineer, too. 如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会成为一个工程师了If they had informed us, we would not come here now. 如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了。 ②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符。如:If he
虚拟语气和错综条件时间从句区别 You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. (错综时间条件从句) You would have been much better now if you had taken my advice.(虚拟) 假若你当时听我的话,你现在就会好多了 在表示虚拟语气的句子中,条件从句表示的动作与主句表示的动作发生的时间并不一致,这时,谓语动词的形式要根据各自所表示的时间来调整,这种现象叫做错综时间虚拟语气。You would be much better now if you had taken my advice.假若你当时听我的话,现在就会好多了。(从句过去,主句现在)would have been 是与过去事实相反的非真实条件句 一般来说虚拟语气中的混合时态的句子都有具体的时间词来进行提示的,比如 说: If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would get more gifts now. 如果我们早点来商场的话(过去的时间虚拟),我们现在就可以拿更多的礼物了 (现在的虚拟)。 这是两个不同时间的虚拟语气,有相应的时间词来提示的,now来提示后句的时 间是现在而不是和前面一样的过去。 If we had arrived at the shopping mall earlier, we would have got more gifts. 如果我们早点来商场的话,我们就会拿到更多的礼物了。(已经拿了礼物了,但是实际上过去拿的时候没有拿到那么多) 如果从句和主句都表示过去的,那从句用had done,主句用 would ,could,might,should+have done 如:If you had taken my advice,you would not have been late for the meeting yesterday.如果从句表示过去的,但主句表示现在的,从句用had done,主句用would ,could,might,should+do,如:If you had taken my advice,you would not be late for the meeting now.这种一般都有个时间,如果没有表示时间的词也可以从上下文看出。 虚拟语气的用法错误。
语法填空: One day, about then years ago, while working at the cash register in the gift shop at my University Museum of Natural History, I saw an elderly couple come in with a little girl in a wheelchair、________ I looked closely at this girl, I found _________ she was fixed on her chair、I then realized she had no arms of legs, just a head, a neck and upper body, _________(dress) in a little white skirt、As the couple wheeled her up to me, I turned my head toward the girl、When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back at the girl _________ was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile _________ that I had ever seen、All of a sudden, her handicap was gone and all I saw was this beautiful girl __________ smile just melted me、She almost instantly gave me a completely new sense of __________ life is all about、She took me from a poor, unhappy college student and __________(bring) me into her world: a world of smile, love and _________(warm)、I’m a successful business man now and whenever I think about the troubles of the world, I think about that little girl and the remarkable lesson about life that she taught _________、 完形填空: It has been argued by some that gifted children should be grouped in special classes, The 1 has been on the belief that in regular classes these children are held back in their intellectual (智力的) growth by 2 situation that has designed for the 3 children、 There can be little doubt that 4 classes can help the gifted children to graduate earlier and take their place in life sooner、However, to take these 5 out of the regular classes may create serious problems、 I observed a number of 6 children who were taken out of a special class and placed in a 7 class、In the special class, they showed little ability to use their own judgment, relying 8 on their teachers’ directions、In the regular class, having no worry about keeping up, they began to reflect 9 on many problems, some of which were not on the school program、 Many are concerned that gifted children become 10 and lose interest in learning、However this 11 is more often from parents a nd teachers than from students, and some of these 12 simply conclude that special classes should be set up for those who are 13 、Some top students do feel bored in class, but why they 14 so goes far beyond the work they have in school、Studies have shown that to be bored is to be anxious、The gifted child whop is bored is an 15 child、 1、A、principle B、theory C、arguments D、classification 2、A、designing B、grouping C、learning D、living 3、A、smart B、curious C、mature D、average 4、A、regular B、special C、small D、creative 5、A、children B、programs C、graduates D、designs 6、A、intelligent B、competent C、ordinary D、independent 7、A、separate B、regular C、new D、boring 8、A、specially B、slightly C、wrongly D、heavily
If结构在虚拟语气中的用法 1)if 结构(非真实条件句—表示的是假设的或实现可能性不大的情况) e.g. a. If there hadn’t been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now (subjunctive past) b. If he smoked less, his cough might be well now. (subjunctive present) c. If the lecturer/speaker should be late, you would have to have a speech first. (subjunctive future) 2) if 可以转换成其他形式 a. Without your advice, we would have been so successful.
(subjunctive past). 可以转换成: If there hadn’t been your advice, we would have been so successful. b. Your notes are almost illegible. Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. (Subjunctive future) 可以转换成: If the notes were typed out, it would be a lot easier to read. c. I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease. (subjunctive past) 可以转换为: If I had gone to see Dr. Smith, he might have cured me of the disease. 专四语法之--虚拟语气 一.条件句中的虚拟语气 1、虚拟条件句表示的条件根本不可能实现或实现的可能性很小 假设类型条件从句动词的时态结果主句的动词的时态 与现在事实相反if +过去式 (be只用were) would/should/might/could +动词原型 与过去事实相反if had +去过分词would/should/might/could + have +过去分词 与将来事实可能相反一般过去时;或 if were to +动词原 would/should/might/could +动词原型
虚拟语气(the subjunctive mood)用法归纳 第一部分:语气的定义和种类 1、语气(mood) 语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。 2、语气的种类 ⑴陈述语气:表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和 某些感叹句。如: ① There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面。 ② Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗? ③ How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊! ⑵祈使语气:表示说话人对对方的请求或命令。如: ① Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了。 ② Don’t forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯。 ⑶虚拟语气:表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推 测等。如: ① If I were a bird, I could fly in the air. 如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行。 ② I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试。 ③ May you succeed! 祝您成功! 第二部分:简单句中的虚拟语气 一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气, 常用于日常会话中。如: ⑴ Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗? ⑵ It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚。 二、表祝愿。 1、常用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿,但愿,may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中)。如: ⑴ May good luck be yours! 祝你好运! ⑵ May you be happy! 祝你快乐! ⑶ May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就! ⑷ May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快。 ⑸ May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久。 ⑹ May you be happy. 祝你幸福。 【注意】本句型属于部分倒装句型,主语后用动词原形。 2、用动词原形。如: ⑴ Long live the people! 人民万岁! ⑵ “God bless you,” said the priest. 牧师说:“愿上帝保佑你!” ⑶ Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快! 三、表示强烈愿望。(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加“s”) ⑴ God save me. ⑵ Heaven help us. 四、表命令。 1. 命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you)。 2. 句子尾通常加上感叹号。