简单实用的初三英语语法

九年级英语复习---语法讲解（1-7单元）

Unit1

By是个很常用的介词（有时也用作副词），在初中英语中的用法有以下几种：1.意为“在……旁”、“靠近”。如：Some are singing and dancing under a big tree . Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞，有的在湖边画画儿。2.意为“不迟于”、“到……时为止”。如：Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲？3.表示方法、手段，可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。如：The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing.

猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph.

孩子的父亲是那么的感激，于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。4.表示“逐个”、“逐批”的意思。如：One by one they went past the table in the dark.

他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。5.表示“根据”、“按照”的意思。如：What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6.和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。如：I took him by the hand. 我拉住了它的手。7.用于被动句中，表示行为主体，常译作“被”、“由”等。如：English is spoken by many people. 英语被许多人所说。（即“许多人讲英语。”）8.组成其它短语。1) by the way : 意为“顺便说”、“顺便问一下”，常做插入语。如：

By the way , where’s Li Ping , do you know?

顺便问一下，李平在哪儿。你知道吗？2) by oneself : 意为“单独”、“自行”。如：I can’t leave her by herself. 我不能把她单独留下。3) by and by : 意为“不久以后”、“不一会儿”。如：But by and by , more and more people began to study English. 但是不久以后，越来越多的人开始学英语了。

二、动名词的构成动词后加动名词doing，相当于名词，在句子中可以做主语、宾语、表语定语等。1）★作主语（这种用法常考）

Fighting broke out between the South and the North.南方与北方开战了。2）作宾语Would you mind turning down your radio a little, please?

请问你介意调小一点收音机的音量吗？3）作表语Babysister’s job is washing，cooking and taking care of the children。保姆的工作是洗衣服，作饭和照看孩子。

Unit2

used to 的用法：（1）肯定句：used这个词没有人称的变化，to后面接动词原形。

否定句是didn’t use to….

When I was a child, I didn’t use to like apples.当我还是孩子的时候我不喜欢苹果.

疑问形式是Did you use to…?Where did you use to live before you came here?当你来这儿之前你住哪儿？

（2）含有used to 的句子的反意疑问句不要usedn’t + 主语，而用didn’t

＋主语。He used to smoke, didn’t he? 他过去常常吸烟，是吗？Yes, he did./ No, he didn’t. 是的，他吸。/ 不，他不吸。

（3）used to 表示过去的习惯动作，而不是现在的。I am used to the weather here. 我已经习惯于这里的天气了。He is used to hard work. 他习惯于艰苦的工作。

（4）used to 可以和be, have 以及其他状态动词连用，描写过去的状态。I used to be a waiter, but now I’m a taxi-driver.我过去是一个服务员，但现在我是出租车司机。

★本单元的许多运用used to 的句子属于描述过去的状态。Mario used to be short. 马力奥过去总是很矮。Amy used to be outgoing. 爱米过去性格外向。Tina used to have long and straight hair.蒂娜过去有一头直的长头发。He used to wear black shoes. 他过去常穿黑鞋。

Unit3

本单元重点讲到了被动语态的用法英语动词的被动语态由助动词be加及物动词的过去分词构成。助动词be有时态，人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。

一、被动语态的句式变化：以一般现在时和动词invite为例，列表说明被动语态的句式变化：

二、各种时态的被动语态结构总结如下：被动语态的时态是由be的时态决定的，be是什么时态，全句就是什么时态，be动词后面的过去分词不变。一般现在时的被动语态为：主＋am / is / are （not）＋过去分词一般过去

时的被动语态为：主＋was / were ＋过去分词

例如：我们学过的was / were born 生于，就是一个被动语态. born 是个过去分词（bear）－When were you born ? －I was born in 1989. 现在进行时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋is / am / are + being ＋过去分词

现在完成时被动语态的构成为: 主语＋have / has ＋been ＋过去分词

情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词＋be＋过去分词

一般将来时的被动语态: 主语＋will ＋be ＋过去分词

过去将来时的被动语态: 主语＋would / should + be ＋过去分词

过去进行时的被动语态: 主语＋was / were + being ＋过去分词

过去完成时的被动语态: 主语＋had + been +过去分词

三、被动语态的用法：（1）不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁，不用by ＋动作执行者短语Football is played widely all over the world. 全世界都广泛地踢足球。

（2）强调动作的承受者，这时应用by短语。The bank was robbed yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午这家银行遭到抢劫。

（3）作客观说明时，常采用一种被动语态句型It is reported that about twenty children have died of flu in the USA.

据报道美国大约二十名儿童死于流感。

四、主动语态的句子变为被动语态的方法是：（1）把原句中的宾语变为主语（2）动词改为被动形式，即be+过去分词（3）原来的主语，如果需要的话，放在by后面，如果没必要，可省略。请看下表:

主动语态被动语态

They make trains in Zhuzhou．They use this key for locking the classroom door．Many people speak English．He wrote a letter．They are building a road．Trains are made in Zhuzhou．This key is used for locking the classroom door(by them)．English is spoken by many people．A letter was written by him．A road is being built (by them)．

Unit4

虚拟语气：如果我们所说的不是事实，也不是要求、命令、劝告等，而只是一种假设、愿望、建议或是一种实现不了的空想就用虚拟语气

注意：条件句分两种，真实条件句和虚拟条件句。只有在虚拟（非真实）条件句中，才用虚拟语气，而在真实条件句中，要用陈述语气。

请比较：

（1）If it is sunny tomorrow , we’ll go to the zoo.

如果明天天气好，我们将会去公园。在这句话中，明天天气好是完全有可能实现的，并非虚拟、幻想，因此是真实条件句。在本句中，适用“主将从现。”（2）If I were you , I would go at once.

（如果我是你的话，我立刻就走。）在这句话中，条件句，“如果我是你”，但事实上，我不可能成为你，这只是假设的情况，没有实现的可能。当条件实现的可能性很小，甚至可以说没有时，就需要用虚拟语气来表示，动词发生了变化。也就是说虚拟语气表示和现实的事实相反时，从句用一般过时。

主句用“should/would/could/ might +动词原形。

1.If I had time, I would go for a walk.

2.If I were invited, I would go to the dinner party.

3.If I won a million dollars in the lottery, I would put it in the bank.

知识点2. He doesn’t know if he should bring a present.

此处if表示“是否”，引导宾语从句。Should此处表示“应该”。不是虚拟语气。

E.g.1. I don’t know if I should go to the party.

2.If I have enough money, I will go to Hainan .

知识点3.If I were you , I’d wear a shirt and tie.

if 引导的条件状语从句表示与现在事实相反的虚拟语气时，be动词只能用were，而不能用was。

E.g. If he were here, he would not agree with you .

知识点4. I don’t have a present. What if everyone else brings a present? What if…“如果……怎么办？”相当于what would happen if…

E.g. What shall I do if it snows?

知识点5.Well, dogs can be a lot of trouble.

Trouble 麻烦事,名词

常用搭配：get (sb)into trouble get out of trouble what’s the trouble “if”引导的条件句。

Unit5

It must be--- (肯定是,100%)

It might/could be…(有可能,20-80%)

It can’t be…(肯定不是,0%)

程度肯定句否定句疑问句

must ★★★★√

may ★★★√√

might/could ★★√√√√

can’t

can ★√√

1. --- Whose book is this?

--- It must be Mary’s. (肯定; 一定)

It must belong to Mary.

2. --- Whose French book is this?

--- It could be Ali’s. She studies French. (可能)

3. The hair band might belong to Linda.

might be Linda’s. (可能)

4. The T-shirt can’t be John’s. (不可能)

It’s much too small for him.

练习：1. --- Whose pen is this?

--- It ____ Liu Mei because I saw her use it the other day.

A. can’t be

B. might be

C. must belong to

2. That’s a piece of good news. They ___ glad to hear that.

A. can be

B. might be

C. must be

D. can’t be

3. Mary ______ be in Paris. I saw her in town only a few minutes ago.

A. mustn’t

B. shouldn’t

C. can’t

D. may not

Unit6

定语从句

1. who 指人,作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）

The man who I talked with is our teacher.

A person who steals things is called a thief.

2. whom指人,作宾语(作宾语可省略,如介词提前则不能省)

The man (whom/who) I nodded to is Mr. Li.

The man to whom I nodded is Professor Li.

3. which 指物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略, 如介词提前则不能省) These are the trees which were planted last year.

This recorder （which）he is using is made in Japan.

Is this the library (which) you borrow books from?

Is this the library from which you borrow books?

4. that 指人/物，作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略）

A plane is a machine. It can fly.→A plane is a machine that can fly. He is the man. I told you about him. →He is the man (that) I told you about.

The scientist is very famous in the world. We met her yesterday.

↓

The scientist ? we met yesterday is very famous in the world.

who

whom

that

The dress is new. She is wearing it.

↓

The dress that she is wearing is new.

which

?

(3) He is the kind person. I have ever worked with him.

↓

He is the kind person that I have ever worked with.

who

whom

?

This is the best film. I have ever seen this film.

↓

This is the best film that I have ever seen.

?

在选择引导定语从句的关系代词时，有如下要点：

1 由于关系代词在主句与从句间既起到联系作用，又在从句中充当一个成分，因此，要正确判断关系代词在从句中的功能，如作主语还是宾语等。

2 当先行词指人时，关系代词可用who（做主语，宾语），that（做主语，宾

语），whom（作宾语），whose（作定语）

3 当先行词指物时，关系代词可用that（做主语，宾语），which（做主语，宾语）

4 再定语从句中，作宾语的关系代词长可省略，但在介词后面的关系代词不能省略。指人时，介词后只用whom，指物时，介词后只用which。

5 在非限制性定语从句中，指人时，只用who，指物时，只用which。1．定语从句中that与who、which的区别

2．定语从句中关系词的省略

典型例题

1. The first job ________I found was to be a cleaner.

A. where

B. why

C. which

D. that

解析：指事物的先行词前有序数词修饰时，只能用关系代词that。故本题的正确答案是D。

2. I don’t think history is as interesting as English.（改为同义词）

I think history is ___________ interesting _________ English.

解析：答案是：less; than。意思是“我认为历史不如英语有趣”。

3. The woman who is wearing the hat is my mother.（改为同义句）

The woman ________ the hat is my mother.

解析：读题后可知：上句含义是“戴帽子的那个妇女旭我的妈妈”，对应下句，可知空格处应填“戴”，故正确答案是in。

选择填空

1. The poor boy ________ lost both his parents last year is called Mike．A．which B．what C．who D．／

2. The bridge ________ has been there for nearly fifty years still looks nice．A．which B．what C．／D．who

3. I’m one of the students _______well in English in my class．

A．who does B．who do C．which does D．who did

4. Is this factory ________ some foreign friends visited last Friday? A．that B．where C．which D．the one

5. All______ they have done is good for us．

A．what B．which C．why D．that

Unit7

表达意愿的几个基本句子

a. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.

b. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.

c. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.

d. _______ _______ _________ go to France some day.

答案：a. I hope to b. I’d like to c. I’d love to d. I want to

She would like to go to New York. （对划线部分提问）

答案：Where would she like to go?

注意：where在本句中为副词，go后面不能再加to，而Which city would she like to go to? 中which为代词。

九年级英语复习---语法讲解(Units8-15)

Unit8

1、短语动词小结

常见短语动词结构有下面几种：

1.动词+副词如：give up放弃turn off 关掉stay up 熬夜

这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。

2. 动词+介词如：listen of 听look at 看belong to 属于

这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。

3. 动词+副词+介词如：come up with 提出，想出run out of 用完，耗尽

4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加catch hold of 抓住

2、倒装句

not only …but (also) …不但…而且…用来连接两个并列的成分

(1)引导以not only …but (also)…开头的句子往往引起部分倒装。

因此⑴Not only do I feel good but (also)…. 是倒装句。也是说得要

把前面的句子中的助动词或者是情态动词放在主语的前面。如：

①Not only can I do it but (also) I can do best. 我不仅能做到而且做得最好。

⑵Not only…but (also)…接两主语时，谓语动词随后面的主语人称和数的变化也就是就近原则如：

①Not only Lily but (also) you like cat. 不仅莉莉而且你也喜欢猫。

②Not only you but (also) Lily likes cat. 不仅你而且莉莉喜欢猫。

常见的就近原则的结构有：

Neither…nor…即不…也不…(两者都不)

Neither you nor I like him. 我和你都不喜欢他。

Either…or…不是…就是…(两者中的一个)

Either Lily or you are a student.

Not only …but (also)…

There be

人教版九年级全册英语重点语法知识点复习提纲

人教版九年级全册英语重点语法知识点复习提纲 一. 介词by的用法（Unit-1重点语法） 1. 意为“在……旁”，“靠近”。 Some are singing and dancing under a big tree. Some are drawing by the lake. 有的在大树下唱歌跳舞。有的在湖边画画儿。 2. 意为“不迟于”，“到……时为止”。 Your son will be all right by supper time. 你的儿子在晚饭前会好的。 How many English songs had you learned by the end of last term? 到上个学期末你们已经学了多少首英语歌曲? 3. 表示方法、手段,可译作“靠”、“用”、“凭借”、“通过”、“乘坐”等。 The monkey was hanging from the tree by his tail and laughing. 猴子用尾巴吊在树上哈哈大笑。 The boy’s father was so thankful that he taught Edison how to send messages by railway telegraph. 孩子的父亲是那么的感激,于是他教爱迪生怎样通过铁路电报来传达信息。 4. 表示“逐个”，“逐批”的意思。 One by one they went past the table in the dark. 他们一个一个得在黑暗中经过这张桌子。 5. 表示“根据”，“按照”的意思。 What time is it by your watch? 你的表几点了? 6. 和take , hold等动词连用，说明接触身体的某一部分。 I took him by the hand. 我拉住了他的手。

中考英语词汇语法总汇

非谓语动词 概述：英语中有三种非谓语动词形式，即动词不定式（to do）、动词-ing和过去分词-ed。 动词不定式 动词不定式是由不定式符号to后接动词原形构成，也有个别情况不带to，只用动词原形。不定式可以行使名词、形容词和副词的功能。 一、不定式充当的句子成分 1．做主语：To dance is a lot of fun. = It is a lot of fun to dance. 跳舞非常有趣。 2．做宾语：You must learn to forgive. 必须学会原谅他人。 3．做表语：To choose time is to save time. 4．做宾补：She asked me to speak more loudly. 5．做状语： (1) 表目的：I went to the park to breathe the fresh air. 我去公园（为了）呼吸新鲜空气。 (2) 表原因：I am sorry to trouble you. 很抱歉给你添麻烦。 6．做后置定语： There is no time to lose. 时间不可拖延。 Give me something hot to drink. 给我一些热的东西喝。 注意： 不及物动词后面的介词：They have a lot of things to talk about. He is looking for a room to live in. 二、不定式的几个主要句型 1．Ask / tell sb. (not) to do sth. I asked him to open the window. (= I said to him, “Open the window.”) 不定式的否定式：not+不定式: My father told me not to be late. (= My father said to me, “Don’t be late.”) 2．疑问词+不定式 不定式与疑问词连用，构成不定式短语，在句子中担当主语、宾语、表语等。 What to do is a big problem. I know how to solve the problem. Can you tell me which way to go? 3．省去to的不定式 (1) 感官动词之后作宾语补足语。表示动作的全部过程 Every bird loves to hear himself sing. 每只鸟都喜欢听自己鸣唱。 (2) 使役动词之后作宾语补足语：相关的使役动词为let, make和have The boss made them work the whole night. 老板迫使他们工作了一整夜。 注意：被动语态中，to不能省略。 They were made to work the whole night.

初中英语语法大全知识点总结

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