高考英语语法专项突破训练专题22-词类转换(构词法)

专题二十二词类转换（构词法）

重难点分析

英语在表达句子时，根据句子成分的不同需用不同的词性，如作主语或宾语常用名词形式，作定语常用形容词形式，而作状语则用副词形式，这就需要词类转换了。词类转换是英语构词法中最普遍也是最重要的一种构词现象。此外，词类转换是历年高考语法填空和短文改错的必考点，年年必有，考生应予以特别重视！本专题就词类转换进行详细讲解，供考生学习和参考。

真题再练

1. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent, a travel company in Hong Kong, says it __________ (regular) arranges quick getaways here for people living in Shanghai and Hong Kong.

2. In addition to their simple beauty, what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their __________ (able) to “air condition” a house without using electric equipment.

3. Walls made of adobe take in the heat from the sun on hot days and give out that heat __________ (slow) during cool nights, thus warming the house.

4. As __________ (nature) architects, the Pueblo Indians figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be to make the cycle work on most days.

5. The river was so polluted that it __________ (actual) caught fire and burned.

6. Just be __________ (patience).

7. Everyone on the bus began talking about what the boy had done, and the crowd of strangers __________ (sudden) became friendly to one another.

思路点拨

当空格处所需词类与括号中所给词的词类不同时，就需要词类转换。这类题，一般可根据以下5点顺利解决：

1. 作主语或宾语用名词形式。如：

But Jane knew from past experience that her __________ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father.

解析：在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词，或者说在形容词性物主代词her后还没有名词，一定是用名词形式，故填choice。

2. 在形容词性物主代词、冠词(+形容词)、不定代词(some, any, a lot of等)、介词后还没有名词时，就用名词形式。如[真题再练]第2题。

3. 作定语、表语或宾语补足语用形容词形式。如[真题再练]第4、6题，分别是作定语和表语。又如：

I consider it __________ (use) for us to use English-English dictionary.

解析：句中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式，所给词在句中作宾补，要用形容词，表示“有益的、有用的”，故填useful。

4. 作状语，修饰动词、形容词或另一副词或放在句首修饰全句，用副词。如[真题再练]第1、3、7题，都是修饰动词，用副词。又如：

(1) When we were wondering what to do, the manager came out. She was __________ (surprise) helpful.

解析：句中已有作表语的形容词helpful，要用副词来修饰helpful；由语境句意可知，是指“意外地”有帮助，故填surprisingly。

(2) __________ (lucky), he had a cow which produced milk every day.

解析：空格位于句首，且有逗号隔开，可知是修饰全句，用副词作状语；“有一头每天都产牛奶的母牛”应当是“幸运地”，故填Luckily。

5. 当所给词的词性与与空格处所需词的词性相同时，无需改变词性，就可能是只改变词义但不改变词性的前缀或后缀了，也可能用其比较级或最高级。如：

In Alaska, the wolf almost __________ (appear) a few years ago, because hunters were killing hundreds of them for sport.

解析：主句缺谓语，应填动词，而appear本身就是动词，无需作词性变化，可考虑变词义；由because 从句可知，主句意思应是“狼在几年前就差不多消失了”，要用disappear；再由a few years ago可知，要用一般过去时，故填disappeared。

注意：解题时，既要根据句子结构需要确定词类，又要考虑句意连贯或逻辑通顺。如：

He failed his maths examination because of his __________ (care) work.

解析：在名词前作定语，要用形容词；由failed…可知，要填表示否定意义的“careless”(粗心大意的)，意义才通顺。

考点归纳

在高考全国卷中出现的考纲词的派生词是不算生词的，也不用汉语注明，因此，掌握基本的构词法知识非常重要。

从近年全国卷的语法填空来看，词类转换考查了以下几点：

(1) 形容词→副词。如[真题再练]的第1、3、5、7四个小题。

(2) 形容词→名词。如[真题再练]的第2题。

(3) 名词→形容词。如[真题再练]的第4、6题。

但从10年来的全国高考卷来看，除了上述考点外，词类转换还考了：(1)动词→名词：choose → choice；

(2)动词→副词：surprise → surprisingly等等。现将主要考点归纳如下：

1. 形容词与副词的转换

2. 名词与形容词的转换

3. 动词与名词的转换

4. 动词与形容词的转换

5. 表示否定的前缀与后缀

6. 表示人的后缀

考点练透

一、单句填空在下列各句空白处填入所给词的正确形式。

1. Actually, I __________ (agree) with you over this matter. I have my own view.

2. What I __________ (like) most about this movie is that there are too many rude gestures.

3. I will not make friends with a __________ (honest) person.

4. I am sorry I __________ (understand) what you said.

5. It is wrong to __________ (use) our natural resources.

6. Plans have been put forward to pull down and __________ (build) the area.

7. The village is far away from the county, and they find it __________ (convenient) if buses are not available.

8. You will be fined if you smoke in public in Hong Kong because it is __________ (legal) to do so.

9. He got __________ (patient) as the first hour passed and then another.

10. She failed to __________ (lock) the safe in spite of all her efforts, so she asked him to help her open it.

11. It was an __________ (believable) moment when Chris won the gold medal.

12. We must __________ (large) our views by reading.

13. Over 300 __________ (compete) from more than 80 countries competed in the Games.

14. She is a very great dramatic __________ (act) and __________ (direct).

15. It is important to know your own __________ (strong) and __________ (weak).

16. Just as the old saying goes, __________ (honest) is the best policy.

17. He was touched by the __________ (warm) of their welcome.

18. The French government called for an end to the __________ (violent).

19. Success is not final and __________ (fail) is not fatal. It is the courage to continue that counts.

20. In a good __________ (marry), both husband and wife work hard to solve any problems that arise.

21. The woman player will make her second public __________ (appear) this Saturday.

22. Can you tell me what the real reason for your __________ (absent) was?

23. He made an __________ (apologize) to us for his __________ (rude) to us.

24. It can be __________ (benefit) to share your __________ (feel) with someone you trust.

25. Noise has always been the most __________ (trouble) problem in prospecting earthquakes.

26. He has two big round Chinese __________ (wood) tables.

27. Officials reacted __________ (anger) to those charges.

28. They say travel __________ (broad) your minds and horizons.

29. Tell them your __________ (high) and __________ (weigh) to see whether they can help.

30. They have failed to __________ (modern) their factories.

二、语法填空阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Street art can be found on buildings, sidewalks, street signs and even trash cans from Tokyo to Paris to New York City. This special kind of art can take the form of paintings, sculptures, cloth or even stickers. Street art has

(collect) the work of street artists.

(secret). This secretive nature of street art and its countless forms make it hard to define (定义) exactly. And people have different opinions about the movement. Some think street art is a crime and destroys property. But 7 see this art as a rich form of non-traditional cultural expression.

(begin) in New York City in the 1960s. Young adults would use paint in special cans to spray their “tag” on walls and train cars around the city. This tag was a name 9 created to identify themselves and their artwork. This colorful style of writing is also called graffiti (涂鸦). It is visually exciting

(energy).

助读词汇

sidewalk n. 人行道sticker n.贴纸

property n. 财产secretive adj. 偷偷摸摸的

spray vt. 喷射tag n. 标签

visually adv. 在视觉上trash can 垃圾桶

visual culture 视觉文化take the form of 表现为……的形式

三、佳作欣赏下面是一篇摘自全国英语高考书面表达的范文，文中有许多精彩且灵活的语言表达，其中也包含有词类转换与构词法的运用，用心体会其用法。

These years, global warming is becoming a serious problem, endangering people’s life.

Several factors contribute to the rise of temperature. First of all, a lot of greenhouse gas is produced by cars and factories; further more, the loss of forests is another cause of global warming.

Global warming will cause some harmful effects. In the first place, some islands will disappear because of the rise of sea level. Extreme weather will also result from global warming. When temperature rises, the production of crops will decrease. Besides, some animals and plants will disappear from the planet, thus destroying the ecosystem.

Facing such a threat, we should join efforts to cool the earth, such as taking a subway or bus to work instead of driving private cars to reduce greenhouse gas. All in all, we are supposed to remember it’s our responsibility to save our earth.

参考答案

真题再练

1. regularly 修饰动词arranges作状语，用副词。

2. ability 在形容词性物主代词后必定用名词。

3. slowly 修饰谓语动词give out，表示“慢慢地散热”用副词slowly。

4. natural 在名词前作定语要用形容词。

5. actually 修饰谓语动词caught，要副词作状语，表示“居然”。

6. patient 在系动词be后作表语，要用形容词。

7. suddenly 修饰动词became，作状语，用副词。

考点归纳

1. 形容词与副词的转换

2. 名词与形容词的转换

3. 动词与名词的转换

4. 动词与形容词的转换

5. 表示否定的前缀与后缀

6. 表示人的后缀

考点练透

一、单句填空

1. disagree

2. dislike

3. dishonest

4. misunderstood

5. misuse

6. rebuild

7. in convenient

8. illegal

9. impatient 10. unlock 11. unbelievable 12. enlarge 13. competitors 14. actress; director 15. strengths; weaknesses 16. honesty 17. warmth 18. violence 19. failure 20. marriage 21. appearance 22. absence 23. apology; rudeness 24. beneficial; feelings 25. troublesome 26. wooden 27. angrily 28. broadens 29. height; weight 30. modernize

二、语法填空

本文主要介绍街头艺术(street art)以及其历史，并同时告诉我们，人们对这种艺术持不同看法。

1. a 不定冠词的基本用法，此处a意为“一种(全球的视觉文化)”。

2. are collecting 分析句子成分可知，collect在此处作谓语动词，故考虑时态和语态。根据前面的Now 可知用现在进行时。

3. It 此处it作形式主语，代替真正的主语to provide an exact history of the street art movement。注意首字母要大写。

4. because 分析句子成分可知，空后是两个分句，故填连接词。再根据两句间的逻辑和句意可知此处理应是表“原因”的状语从句，故填because。

5. without 根据空后的permission以及上下逻辑可知，此处理应是指未经过允许。故填without。

6. secretly 副词修饰动词。

7. others 缺少主语填代词。根据前面的Some think可知此处填不定代词others。

8. began 分析句子成分可知，begin在此作谓语，故考虑时态和语态。根据空后的in the 1960s可知填一般过去式。

9. they 分析句子成分可知，9 created是个定语从句，在这个定语从句中缺少主语，故填代词。此处显然主语是指前面的Young adults，故填代词they。

10. energetic 作表语用形容词，与exciting构成并列表语。

高考英语语法复习专题

高考英语语法复习专题（2）名词性从句(附参考答案) 1、名词性从句中连接词的运用 名词性从句中的连接词有连词that / whether / as if，连接代词what / who/ which / whose / whatever / whoever / whomever / whichever，连接副词where / when / why / how / wherever / whenever。 （1）that的用法。 ①主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句中用that但不能省略。如： That they are good at English is known to us all. The problem is that we don’t have enough money. She expressed the hope that they would come to China one day. ②宾语从句中的连接词that有时可省有时又不可省，在以下几种情况中that不能省略：（A）当that 从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时，that不可省略；（B）当that 从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时，that不能省；（C）当that作介词宾语时，that不可省掉。如：He judged that,because he was a child, he did not understand wine Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do. ③that从句作主语和宾语时，可以用it 来替换成以下几种结构表达。 (A)It is clear/certain/likely/true/surprising that… （B）It is a pity/shame/good idea/no wonder that ...（C）It is said/reported/ believed/known/thought/suggested that … （D）It seems/happens that。如： It happened that I went out last night. It is said that China will win in the World Cup. ④that和what的区别。 that 引导名词性从句时，在主从句中不以当任何句子成分，也没有任何含义；而what引导名词性从句时，在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分，what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+ 关系代词即常说的先行词+ that。如： It’s shame that he has made such a mistake. Do what he says. ⑤同位语从句与定语从句中that的区别。 同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；而定语从句中的关系代词that在句中做宾语或主语，宾语与先行词有修饰关系。如果句子是同位语从句，就应用连词that而不能用which.同位语从句一般放在表具体含义的名词后解释名词的含义或内容，如以下名词：news、fact、suggestion、truth、plan、belief、doubt、possibility、idea等，而定语从句只是对先行词的限定和修饰。如： They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.(同位语从句) The hope she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（定语从句） 选择填空 1._____________ you have done might do harm to other people. A. That B. What C. Which D. This 2. They have no idea at all ____________. A. where he has gone B. where did he go C. which place he has gone D. where he has gone 3. _____________ leaves the room last ought to turn off the lights. A. Anyone B. The person C. Whoever D. Who 4. _____________ the Games will be held in Beijing is not known. A. Whenever B. If C. Whether D. That 5. _____________ you like him is none of my business. A. What B. Who C. That D. Whether 6. _____________ he said at the meeting astonished everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter 7. —Do you remember ____________ he came? —Yes, I do, he came by car. A. how B. when C. that D. if 8. Sarah hopes to become a friend of _____________ shares her interests. A. anyone B. whomever C. whoever D. no matter who 9. ____________ we can’t get seems better than ____________ we have. A. What; what B. What; that C. That; that D. That; what 10. _____________ we’ll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where 11. It is generally considered unwise to give a child _____________ he or she wants. A. however B. whatever C. whichever D. whenever

广东高考英语语法填空专题训练+答案

广东高考英语语法填空专题训练语法填空（每篇共10小题；每小题1.5分，每篇满分15分） 阅读下面短文，根据上下文填入适当的词语，或使用括号中的词语的适当形式填空， 并将答案填写在答题卡上标号为1—10的相应位置。 Passage (1) Cars are too expensive for many people around the world to own. Not only that, many cities are already full of traffic, and many country areas have rough roads. So 1 do people travel those distances that are too far to walk? They use public transportation. If you ride the subway or bus 2 you live, you can appreciate some of the benefits of public transportation. With many people 3 (share) one bus or train, there is less traffic and, more 4 （importance）, less pollution. Which of the types of mass transit 5 (describe) below are you familiar with? If a regular bus can hold dozens of people, imagine what a bus 6 (two) the size can hold! In Great Britain, there are many buses that are known as double-deckers (cars with two floors). Buses in Haiti are often very crowded. It’s not 7 (common) for passengers to actually sit on the rooftops. Buses are sometimes called “tap-taps”, because the 8 (ride) on the roof tap（敲击）when they want to be dropped off. Many large cities around the world take advantage of the space beneath the streets and run underground trains. People in Paris, Mexico City and Tokyo may use the subway system to get to school, to work, or to visit friends in other 9 (neighbor). Both the Japanese and French have developed High-speed trains to link various cities. While electric trains in North America average 130 kph, the French TGV (high-speed-train) is the world’s fastest, 10 (average) over 270 kph! Passage (2) Australia, the last continent, was discovered by ships 1 (belong) to some European nations in the seventeenth century. These nations were 2 (little) interested in changing it into a colony than in 3 (explore) it. As in the early history of the United States, it was the English 4 set up the settlements in Australia. This history and the geography of these two British colonies have some other things in common as well. Australia and the United States are about the same in size, and their western lands are both not rich 5 soil. It was on the eastern coast of Australia and America that the English first settled, and both colonies soon began to develop towards the west. However, this westward 6 (move) took place 7 because the English were searching for better land than the population was increasing. Settlements of the west part of both countries developed quickly after gold 8 (discover) in America in 1849 and in Australia two years later. Although the development of these two countries has a lot in common, there are some 9 (strike) differences as well. The United States gained its independence from England by revolution while Australia won its independence without having to go to war. Australia, 10 (like) the United States, was firstly turned into a colony by English prisoners and its economic development was in wheat growing and sheep raising. By 1922, for example, Australia had fifteen times more sheep than it had people or almost half as many sheep as there are people today in the United States. Australia and the United States have more in common with each other than either one has with most of the rest of the world.

(完整版)高三英语语法填空专项训练(含答案解析)

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